USER GUIDE

VOlTAGE DROP CALCULATE

For

THAI-YAZAKI
Wire & Cable

Create by Mr.Maroot Boonsup

Mr.Korakot Dhanajata
Cable Design Engineer
Part 1 : Voltage drop caculate in Yazaki Technical data

Part 1-1 Components of the Program

3
4

5 1. Cable Group
2. Cable Name
3. No. of Core
4. Size (mm²)
6
5. Type of laying
7 6. Power factor
7. Cable Per Phase
8
8. Type of voltage drop
9 9. Cable length (m.)
10. load current
10 11. Ref. voltage
12. Select Part of system
11 13. Voltage drop (V)
12 14. Percentage of voltage drop
15. Result
13
14
14
15
Part 1-2 Start to use

1. Choose type of Cable

Group of Cable:
1. Building Wire Cable
2. LV Power Cable
3. MV Power Cable
4. HV Power Cable
5. AL Building wire Cable
6. Al HV Power Cable

2. Choose - Cable Name

Cable name's referance of cable group

3.Choose - No. of core , Size, Laying type

When selecting No. of core ,the size and laying type are variable by cables name
and the number of cores.
4. Input Data

1 1 Power factor (0.7-1)

2 Cable/Phase (Same size)
2 3 Type of Voltage Drop
3 4 length of cable (m)
5 Load current A (Not max capacity of cable)
4 6 System Voltage
7 Part of system
5

5. Output Data

1
1. Voltage Drop (V)
2 2. Voltage Drop (%)
3. Result

Remark : Incase Result = "% Voltage Drop Exceed the Standard"*

Can fix % of voltage drop by
1. select upper size of cable
2. Bundle cable **

Bundle Cable**

NOTE: NEC RECOMMENDATIONS*

1. Branch Circuits – maximum voltage drop of 3%. (The maximum total voltage drop for a combination of both branch-
circuit and feeder should not exceed 5%)
2. Main Feeder – maximum voltage drop of 2%. (The maximum total voltage drop for a combination of both branch-
circuit and feeder should not exceed 5%)
Part 2 : Voltage drop caculate of Other cable

Part 2-1 Components of the Program

10

11

12

13

1. Current
2. Cable length (m.)
3. Cable Per Phase
4. AC Resistance (calculation) (See in part 3)
5. Reactance XL (calculation) (See in part 3)
6. Power factor
7. Impredance (Z)
8. Type of voltage drop
9. Ref. voltage
10. Select Part of system
11. Voltage drop (V)
12. Percentage of voltage drop
13. Result
Part 3 : Formular

𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 𝐿 𝑥10−3
XL= Reactance
f = Frequency
L=Inductance

𝐺𝑀𝐷
𝐿 = 𝐾 + 0.2 ln(2 𝐷𝑖𝑎.𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑 )

GMD = Geometric Mean Distance

K = constance rating to the conductor formation

GMD
1.Individual shield = OD shield x Distance factor
2.Insulation conductor = OD insulation x Distance factor

Distance factor

𝑍 = 𝑅𝑎𝑐 2 + 𝑋𝐿2

𝑅𝑎𝑐 = 𝑅𝑑𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑥(1 + 𝜆𝑠 + 𝜆𝑝)

𝑅𝑑𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑅20(1 + 𝛼(𝜃 − 20)
R20 = Rdc at 20°C
𝛼 = constant mass temperature coefficient at 20 °C
= 0.00393 for copper
= 0.00403 for Aluminium
Ө = Temp.Conductor Ref.Type Insulation
λs= The skin effect factor
λp = The proximity effect factor
 𝑋𝑠 4
𝜆𝑠 =
192 + 0.8𝑋𝑠 4

8𝜋𝑓
𝑋𝑠 = 10−7 𝑘𝑠
𝑅𝑑𝑐(𝑚𝑎𝑥)

f = supply frequency in Hertz

ks = skin effect coefficient from the table below

Proximity effect factor

Three core cables or three single core cables

2 2
𝑋′4 𝑑𝑐 𝑑𝑐 1.18
𝜆𝑝 = ∙ ∙ 0.312 +
192 + 0.8𝑋′ 4 𝐺𝑀𝐷 𝐺𝑀𝐷 𝑋′4
+ 0.27
192 + 0.8𝑋′4
_p= ^4/(192+0.8 X′ ^4 )∙[d_c/ ]^2
Two core cables or Two single core cables
λ 〖X′〗 〖 〗 GMD
2
𝑋′4 𝑑𝑐
𝜆𝑝 = 4
∙ ∙ 2.9
192 + 0.8𝑋′ 𝐺𝑀𝐷

Where :

𝑋 ′ = 0.8 .Xs
𝑑𝑐 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
Part 4 : EXAMPLE

EXAMPLE
System Voltage 400/230 V ,Used 60227 IEC 01 THW cable (In YAZAKI technical data),
Trefoil laying , Size 50 mm2, Load 150 A Length of cable 100 m, PF. =0.85 , Sub-Circuit, Find VD?

VOLTAGE DROP = 2.83 % < 3 % " CAN USE"

EXAMPLE
System Voltage 400/230 V ,Used THW cable , Trefoil laying ,Size 50 mm2, Load 150 A
Length of cable 100 m PF. =0.85 , Sub-Circuit, Find VD?
Rac = 0.464 ohm/km, XL = 0.079 Ohm/Km
EXAMPLE Use program for calculate
FD-0.6/1KV-CV NYY

12/20KV-CV FD-0.6/1KV- 1Cx3x300 mm²

200 AT 3Cx240 mm²
1x3 Core trefoil CV % Vd = ? 150 M 50 M 1 % Vd = ?
1Cx3x630 mm² DB 1 Motor
7 150 A 3 ph 400/230 V
9 1Cx185 mm²
MDB 50 M
250 AT office 2 % Vd = ?
% Vd = ? 1Cx3x300 mm² 25 A 1 ph 230 V
150 M
TR 500 KVA % Vd = ? DB 2
1600 AT 100 M
Indoor Transformer 8 Chiller 3 % Vd = ?
P.F. = 0.85 1Cx3x300 mm²
,Cast Resin, AN/AF 100 A 3 ph 400/230 V
DYN 11 , Z= 6%
22KV - 400/230 V
1Cx6x500 mm² 600 AT 3Cx120 mm²
PRI. Current 32 A 200 M
% Vd = ? 100 M
Sec. Current 1804 A DB 3 Pump 4 % Vd = ?
9 30 A 3 ph 400/230 V

1Cx3x120 mm²
150 M
Sub-circuit 1 Pump 5 % Vd = ?
30 A 3 ph 400/230 V
Main feeder = ....... % 1Cx3x120 mm²
175 M
Pump 6 % Vd = ?
Sub-Circuit 1 = ........%
30 A 3 ph 400/230 V

Sub-Circuit 2 = ........%

Total voltage drop = ...................... % Sub-circuit 2

1 ph. = touching
3 Ph. = Trefoil
ANSWER
FD-0.6/1KV-CV NYY

12/20KV-CV FD-0.6/1KV- 1Cx3x300 mm²

200 AT 3Cx240 mm²
1x3 Core trefoil CV % Vd = 0.47 150 M 50 M 1 % Vd = 0.4
1Cx3x630 mm² DB 1 Motor
7 150 A 3 ph 400/230 V
9 1Cx185 mm²
MDB 50 M
250 AT office 2 % Vd = 0.17
% Vd = 0.52 1Cx3x300 mm² 25 A 1 ph 230 V
150 M
TR 500 KVA % Vd = 0.59 DB 2
1600 A 100 M
Indoor Transformer 8 Chiller 3 % Vd = 0.16
P.F. = 0.85 1Cx3x300 mm²
,Cast Resin, AN/AF 100 A 3 ph 400/230 V
DYN 11 , Z= 6%
22KV - 400/230 V
1Cx6x500 mm² 600 AT 3Cx120 mm²
PRI. Current 32 A
% Vd = 0.72 200 M 100 M
Sec. Current 1804 A DB 3 Pump 4 % Vd = 0.13
9 30 A 3 ph 400/230 V

1Cx3x120 mm²
150 M
Sub-circuit 1 Pump 5 % Vd = 0.13
30 A 3 ph 400/230 V
Main feeder = 0.52 % 1Cx3x120 mm²
175 M
Pump 6 % Vd = 0.15
Sub-Circuit 1 = 0.47+0.59+0.72 = 1.78 %
2.92% 30 A 3 ph 400/230 V

Sub-Circuit 2 = 0.4+0.17+0.16+0.13+0.13+0.15 = 1.14 %

Total voltage drop = 2.92+0.52 = 3.44 % Sub-circuit 2

Result : OK (Ref. NEC Standard) 1 ph. = touching

3 Ph. = Trefoil

Remark : The difference values was due to used actual structure for calculation.(REF. EIT)

NOTE: NEC RECOMMENDATIONS*

1. Branch Circuits – maximum voltage drop of 3%. (The maximum total voltage drop for a combination of both branch-
circuit and feeder should not exceed 5%)
2. Main Feeder – maximum voltage drop of 2%. (The maximum total voltage drop for a combination of both branch-
circuit and feeder should not exceed 5%)