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Consumer Chemistry
Quarter 3 - Module 5
Insect Repellants
Consumer Chemistry – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 5: Insect Repellants
First Edition, 2021

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Consumer Chemistry
Quarter 3 – Module 5
Insect Repellants
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests.
Read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module encourages you to describe the composition, properties and

uses of chemicals found in dyes, insect repellants and their impact on the
environment. Simple activities are provided to strengthen your knowledge
and skills regarding the topic.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

 identify the chemical composition of insect repellants;
 classify chemicals as synthetic or natural insect repellants;
 explain the properties and uses of chemicals found in insect
repellants and;
 recognize the importance of determining the chemical composition
of insect repellants and its effect on the environment.

What I Know

Directions: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following best describes an insect repellant?
a. It kills insect. c. It eliminates insects.
b. It repels insects. d. It kills pest.
2. Which of the following is synthetically related to DDT?
a. Cyfluthrin c. Permethrin
b. Pyrethroids d. none of the above
3. Insect repellant needs the following properties except
a. Economically viable for widespread used.
b. Non irritating to the skin and mucous membranes.
c. It has effect of toxicity.
d. Does not have harmful effect upon application to skin.
4. IR3535 means
a. Iretant3535 c. insect repellant 3535
b. Insect repel3535 d. incomplete 3535
c.

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5. Citronella plant is from the family of ________.
a. herbs b. trees c. shrubs d. grass
6. What is the chemical formula of DEET?
a. C12H10NO b. C12H17NO c. C12H12NO d. C12H5NO
7. These are the trade name of permethrin except
a. Nix b. Rid c. Bid d. Elimite
8. DDT stands for
a. dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane
b. dichloro-duophenyl-trichloroethane
c. dichlorofluoro-diphenyl-trichloroethane
d. dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethene
9. Which of the following is the formulation of Picaridin?
a. sprays b. gels c. aerosol d. none of the above
10. Other repellent ingredients include the chemical substance dimethyl-
phthalate and plant-based repellents except
a. Icaridin b. lemongrass c. peppermint d. citronella
11. ________ refers to para-methane-3,8-diol
a. DDT b. PDM c. PDT d. PMD
12. Which of the following is TRUE about cyfluthrin?
a. It is not an active ingredient of insect repellant.
b. It resembles to DDT.
c. It is an example of natural ingredient of insect repellant.
d. It is not similar to the mode of action of some insecticides.
For questions 13-15, Choose from the following choices:
a. DEET b. Permethrin c. Icaridin d. Pyrethroids
13. C12H17NO is the chemical formula of what compound?

14. C12H23NO3 is the chemical formula of the compound ______.

15. C21H20Cl2O3 is the chemical formula of ____________.

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 What’s In

Directions: Complete each statement below by choosing the correct

word from the box. Write your answer on the space
provided.

Indigo dye
Alizarine
natural dye
dye
synthetic dye

1. ____________ is a colored compound usually used in solution which is capable of being

fixed to fabric.
2. Colorants derived from plants, invertebrates and minerals are _________.
3. ____________ contains carbonyl chromophore.
4. Most colors that you see and recognize nowadays are ____________.
5. _____________ can be used commercially as a red textile dye.

What’s New

Directions: Read each statement below. Write T if the statement is true and F if the
given statement is incorrect. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. A mosquito coil is not an example of insect repellant. _____

2. Repellants can be of chemical or organic agents. ____
3. Oil of lemon eucalyptus and IR3535 are based of chemicals that occur in nature.
____
4. Length of protection and efficacy of repellants can vary. ____
5. All chemicals, including insect repellant, have some degree of toxicity. ____
6. Repellants does not affect insects’ senses such as smell and taste. ____
7. Inhalation is possible when using a spray. ____

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 8. Only use a repellant in ways that are described on the label ____
9. Do not let children handle or apply repellants. ____
10. Lemongrass, tea tree and tobacco are synthetic sources of repellants. ____

What is It
Introduction to Insect Repellant
Insect Repellants
One of the problems that we encounter nowadays is the presence of various diseases
carried by mosquitos and other insects. With the health risk diseases that came out,
research plays an important role in providing solutions to these problems. One of these is
the research about insect repellants. Essential oils are complex mixtures of volatile organic
compounds that contribute to the flavor and fragrance of a plant. It is very much needed in
the production of insect repellants. They also act as a repellent/deterrent against
phytophagous insects or insects which feeds on green plants. Based on several studies
being made, plants have been used as medication and protection against insect–causing
diseases.
Insect repellants are chemical or organic agents that make the atmosphere within four
centimeters of human skin so noxious to insects as to discourage contact and biting. On the
other hand, an insecticide is a chemical or organic agent, often plant-derived, which kills
insects, typically with a neurotoxin which is a synthetic or naturally occurring substance that
damage, destroy or impair the functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system.
Some insect repellents are also insecticides, such as plant-derived permethrin and all other
synthetic pyrethroids used chiefly against disease-carrying insects. In addition, there is also
a spatial insect repellant which is use as heating mechanism to disperse repellent in an
outdoor area. Examples of dispersal mechanisms for these repellants includes lanterns and
torches.
Insect Repellant Properties
An ideal insect repellent needs to have the following properties:
1. Effective against a wide variety of biting insects which includes mosquitos.
2. Does not have harmful effect upon application to skin.
3. Remains to be effective for at least 8 hours between its applications.
4. Non irritating to the skin and mucous membranes.
5. Odorless or have pleasant odor and greaseless as well.
6. It has no effect of toxicity.
7. Has the ability withstand abrasion, washing and sweating.
8. Chemically stable and does not react with commonly used plastics.
9. Economically viable for widespread used.
Even up to now there are no insect repellants that meet all the criteria listed above. It is
extremely difficult to look for a single active chemical that is effective against many different
species of disease-carrying insects. DEET is considered as the most broad-spectrum and

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most effective insect repellant that has been developed to date. Nonetheless, it has recently
been discovered that the chief malaria-carrying mosquito, Anopheles albimanus, in the
United States is becoming resistant to DEET.

Figure 1 Insect Repellant Spray

Important Terms in the study of insect repellant”
 Aerosol is a substance packaged under pressure and released as a spray.
 DEET is an active ingredient in the most widely used insect repellents.
 Emollient is a substance that softens the skin.
 Propellant is a high pressure of gas that forces the repellant out of the container
when the button at the top of container is depressed.
 Solvent is a substance in which another substance usually a liquid is dissolved.
 Surfactant is a substance that keeps a liquid dispersed, spread or out so that it does
not pull together as droplets.
 Insect is a type of arthropod which has a segmented leg and three body parts- head,
thorax and abdomen.
 Metofluthrin is a chemical used as an insect repellant also considered as a
neurotoxic chemical meaning a poison that can target the nervous system.

CLASSIFICATION OF INSECT REPELLANTS

With the various insect repellants that we have, it is important that we know how to
classify them. It is classified into two categories:

1. CHEMICAL REPELLANT
Chemical or synthetic repellent is considered when active substances or product are
prepared by chemical synthesis in a laboratory or in a chemical manufacturing plant.

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Commonly Used Chemical / Synthetic Repellants
A. DEET
Chemical Name: N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, previously called as N,N-diethyl–meta-
toluamide
Chemical Formula: C12H17NO
Formulation: solutions, lotions, creams, gels, aerosols, pump sprays and impregnated
towelettes
Available/ Allowable Concentration: 5% - 40% and 100%
DEET was developed in 1946 and also widely marketed for use from 1950s onwards.
A concentration of 10-35% will provide adequate protection. It is available in wide range of
formulations which includes lotions, solutions, creams, gels, aerosols and pump sprays.
When used properly DEET has an excellent safety record. It should be used with caution
when used in combination with sunscreens. It is recently considered as one of the most
effective insect repellants and can also repel ticks.
B. Picaridin or Icaridin
Chemical Name: 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperedinecarboxylic acid 1-methylpropyl ester
Chemical Formula: C12H23NO3
Formulation: spray, pump, lotion, creams and liquids
Available/ Allowable Concentration: 5% - 20%
Icaridin, also known as picaridin and propidine is an active ingredient of insect repellent
which is odorless. It is available in concentration of 7-20%. It does not feel sticky or greasy
when applied. It also appears to have low potential for toxicity.
C. Permethrin
Chemical Name: 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid.
Chemical Formula: C21H20Cl2O3
Formulation: sprays which is only for cloth
Trade Name: Nix, Rid, Elimite
Available/ Allowable Concentration: 4% - 70%
Permethrin was discovered in 1973 and used as medication and insecticide. It is used to
treat lice and scabies. Permethrin can be applied to skin in the form of cream or lotion. In
addition, it can be sprayed on clothing or mosquito nets to kill the insect which is similar to
most insecticides. Likewise, permethrin is applied to clothing as a personal protective
measure. It is a cloth impregnated, notably in mosquito nets and field wear. Remember that
while permethrin may be marketed also as an insect repellent, it doesn't prevent insects from
landing. Permethrin is also an example of synthetic pesticide most frequently used to treat
bug resistant clothing, mosquito netting and outdoor gear, although it’s also often used in
insect sprays and very commonly used worldwide as a pesticide for most crops.

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D. IR3535
Chemical Name: Ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate
Chemical Formula: C11H21NO3

Formulation: lotions, creams, gels, sprays

Available/ Allowable Concentration: 7.5% - 15% and 20%
The name is short for Insect Repellent 3535, is a synthetic insect repellent which was
originally developed in the 1980's by Merck, which holds a trademark on the name that
repels mosquitoes, deer ticks, lice and biting flies.
Also included is PMD or para-methane-3,8-diol, also known as the oil of Lemon
eucalyptus which is a synthesized version of the Lemon of eucalyptus oil. Its formulation is in
the form of sprays and lotions. Its available and allowable concentration includes 30% to
40%. Another is Cyfluthrin, structurally resembles DDT or dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane,
one of the synthetic insecticides and has a similar mode of action. Also, similarly to DDT, it
accumulates in the fatty tissues of the body. Lastly, Pyrethroids are the most common
chemical class for bug repellent chemicals. This class contains over 1,000 insecticides,
including: Lambda-cyhalothrin and Prallethrin Metofluthrin.

Figure 2 Chemical or synthetic insect repellants

Common Natural Plant-Derived Repellants

In producing a natural plant-based repellant, essential oil is needed. It is a vaporous oil

from a part of a plant. This oil usually carries the odor or flavor of the plant. In addition, it is
then extracted from a plant through the process of distillation.
Distillation is a process which helps in producing essential oils. In addition, it is a
process in which it is converted into vapor, then back again to liquid. It is also known as the
most popular method in producing essential oils. Other ways include extraction or solvent
extraction where solvents are used to obtain the needed essential oils.
Other method uses carbon dioxide. The main focus of the method is to “put carbon
dioxide into pressure and it will turn from gas then into liquid, then it can be used as an inert
liquid solvent, which can be able to diffuse through plant material, thus extracting its
aromatic components. It is one of an expensive method, and has few information concerning
safety and therapeutic benefits.

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 There are more than 90 different essential oils, with each of them having various
qualities. Each has benefits because of their different sources. Since side effects could
appear, oils need to take with the proper dose. It is better to consult a medical professional
before using it.

Here are some of the common natural or plant-derived insect repellants:

1. Citronella
Citronella plants, Cymbopogon nardus or Cymbopogon winterianus, are from the family of
grasses. Citronella and lemon grass are two different plant based on their characteristics
and properties. Reddish colored pseudostems are in citronella, while green colored one is in
lemongrass. Pseudostem are false stem made of the rolled bases of leaves. Though the oils
were not exactly the same, these can be used in similar ways. Citronella oil is an essential
oil that’s made from the distillation of the Asian grass plant in the Cymbopogon genus. The
name of the grass was originated from a French word which means lemon balm. It has floral
and citrus-like aroma. Citronella oil has a lot of benefits including the treatment of rashes,
infections and other health conditions. It is considered as the best-known natural insect
repellant and is available in sprays, lotions, creams and aerosols.

2. Lemongrass
Lemongrass is a kind of herb which was originated from Sri Lanka and South India but now
even in countries around the world. In Asian cooking, its stalks are used as ingredients and
is popular in making tea. Its long leaves are similar to those of seagrasses. Lemongrass oil
(Cymbopogon citratus) is effective in repelling common insects. From several studies being
made, lemon grass oil could be used as an effective repellent against stable flies and other
insects.

3. Tea tree
Tea tree oil, also known as the melaleuca oil was extracted from the tea tree leaves It is an
endemic foliage found in Australia. Tea tree grows in most swampy areas or beside
streams. Tea tree leaves are processed to create tea tree oil. This oil is used in a variety of
cosmetic and folk medicinal products, which claim to include mosquito repellant properties.
It has also antiseptic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties hence, it can also be
used as an effective insect repellant. Field testing shows that repellents containing tea tree
oil are effective to repel mosquitoes, bush flies, and other insects.

4. Eucalyptus
Tree of eucalyptus usually grows in Australia. Leaves are extracted to form eucalyptus oil.
Its essential oil can be used as a diffuser for aromatherapy and it has also other health
benefits including nasal congestion and asthma. The aroma and scent of eucalyptus helps
in repelling insects. Eucalyptus has following brand names like fever tree, gum tree, red
ironbark, and white ironbark.

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 Figure 3 Some natural or plant-derived/ botanical insect repellants

Insect repellents are regulated as pesticides in other countries including the United

States because their active ingredients are pesticides. According to EPA or Environmental

Protection Agency, most people often think of the term pesticide as referring only to

something that kills insects, but pesticide is a broad term and includes products that don’t kill

anything, such as insect repellents. Also, “Minimum Risk Pesticides” are exempted from

regulation, and the essential oils we approve as botanical repellants are included in that list.

Insect repellants are made up of two types of ingredients. Its active ingredients are the

repelling chemicals and needs to appear on labels. Inert ingredients are everything else in

the products and can range from solvents and preservatives to anti-caking or foaming

agents and even fragrance. None of these inert ingredients are required to be listed on the

label. Forms of insect repellant includes sprays, mat, vaporizers, creams, oils and coils.

Sprays are device that has an atomizer or sprayer by which a spray is dispersed or applied.

Insect mat repellant released vapor during heating of the tile, remove the insects and

prevent them from re-entering the room, while those which may remain in it, thus prevent it

from biting. It may function through the use of electricity. Vaporizer is a form of insect

repellant that protect against mosquitos and biting flies by preventing them from entering a

room it has also a deterrent effect, meaning irritating and disturbing them after contact also

known as excito-repellent effect. Cream and oil usually come in oil paste ingredient and are

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based on essential from plant-derived repellant. Lastly, we have coils or mosquito coil. It

contains a mixture of substances and are spiral in shape. Those that contain insecticides will

kill or eliminate insects while those that contain aromatic substances such as citronella will

repel insects. Why used insect repellant? Basically, to repel insects, protect the skin from

insect bites and prevent diseases mainly cause by insect bites.

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF MOST INSECT REPELLANTS AND ITS EFFECT TO

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

EFFECTS TO HEALTH EFFECTS TO ENVIRONMENT

ACTIVE
INGREDIENT
1. DEET/N,N- Skin blisters, seizure, Breakdown slowly in soil and has
Diethyl-meta- Memory lost, headache potential to contaminate
toluamide stiffness in the joints, groundwater.
shortness of breath
and skin irritation
2. Cyfluthrin Has effects on blood, Harmful to aquatic
including decreased invertebrates, fishes and
of glucose and red honey bees.
blood cells, disruption
of liver function,
behavior changes after
exposure in the womb.
3. Permethrin Can be linked to Can add to the toxicity of
Neurotoxicity which fish, other aquatic life and
Can lead to nerve bees.
Impulse and seizure.
4. Pyrethroids Pyrethroids are lipophilic, Can be toxic to fishes and
which means other aquatic life.
they love fat cells,
can easily cross blood
brain barrier and can
thus, become toxic to
the central nervous
system. Acute
reaction to pyrethroids
include dermatitis and
asthma like reaction
nausea, incoordination
burning and itching
sensation.

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 What’s More

Independent Activity 1
What’s in a box?
Directions: Identify the following by writing the correct word from the box.

1. An insect repellant which is made of oil from types of lemongrass.

2. Trade name of Permethrin

3. A substance formed from two or more atoms that unite /bond in a fixed
proportion and structure.

4. A substance that deters insects and other pest from approaching.

5. A chemical used as an insect repellant.

Independent Assessment 1
Let’s ChemClassify….
Directions: Classify the following: Write SIR if it refers to synthetic insect
repellant and if it is natural or plant-derived insect repellant write NIR.
1. Eucalyptus ______________
2. IR3535 ______________
3. Permethrin ______________
4. Icaridin ______________
5. Tea tree ______________

Independent Activity 2
Term Scramble

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Directions: Rearrange the following jumbled letter and write the correct word
that describes insect repellent on the space provided.
1. NIDCIRIA- is an active ingredient of insect repellent which is odorless and
available in concentration of 7-20%. _______
2. LALNOTIITSID- the process in where the essential oil is converted into vapor,
then back to a liquid which is the most popular method in producing essential oils.
_____
3. LATISSENE LOIS- are complex mixtures of volatile organic compounds that
contribute to the flavor and fragrance of a plant. _______
4. DICENISTECI- is a chemical or organic agent, often plant-derived, which kills
insects._______
5. ORUNENIXTO- is a synthetic or naturally occurring substance that damage,
destroy or impair the functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system. _____

Independent Assessment 2
Hidden Terms Search
Directions: Search for the hidden terms related to insect repellant. Write the
word in the first column with its definition in second column.

G I R T N H K F R C
R B N K D I R T E J
I N S S T A R A P L
N G Y R E M B V E X
S R R L S C T U L W
E X V B M W T Q L A
C A S D F R W S A R
T K L M G J H S N D
I Y A W E R L F T V
C D S S A E R G C N
I R R Y Y D S I V U
D O U D I C T A H L
E Z X N K E O Y U A
A D C M H E R R U R
R I O T P Y R E X U
S G N T Y I U P C T
U Y U C V P O T R A
S G G H H D G T Q N
W I F J J B B M N O
J E O P A R T I Z M

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 Term Definition
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Independent Activity 3
Insect Repellant Analogies
Directions: Analogy. Write the word, group of words or number that will make
the following analogies true.
1. Chemical repellant is to _______ as natural is to plant-derived repellants.
2. 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperedinecarboxylic acid 1-methylpropyl ester is to Icaridin
as 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid is to _________.
3. _______ grass has reddish colored pseudostems, while lemongrass is all green.
4. C21H20Cl2O3 is to __________ as C21H20Cl2O3 is to permethrin
5. _______ is to repel insects as pesticides kill pest.

Independent Assessment 3
Modified: TRUE or FALSE
Directions: Modified True or False. There are two statements given then write
the letter of the correct answer.
A. If the two statements are true
B. If the two statements are false
C. If the first statement is true, while the second is false
D. If the first statement is false, while the second is true
1. Insecticide and insect repellant are the same. Insecticide kills
mosquitos.

2. The name IR3535 is short for Insect Repellent 3535. It is a natural insect
repellant.

3. PMD has 30% to 40% allowable concentration. The available concentration of

Permethrin is from 4% to 70%.

4. In producing a natural plant-based repellants, essential oil is needed. It is a

vaporous oil from a part of a plant.

5. Permethrin can be used as medication and insecticide. As a medication, it is

used to treat scabies and lice.

What I Have Learned

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 Directions: Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence.

1. ________ discouraged insects from contact or biting.

2. ________ are prepared by chemical synthesis in the laboratory.

3. ________ also known as Icaridin.

4. Ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate is the chemical name of _________.

5. Cyfluthrin resembles to _______ which is one of the synthetic insecticides and

has
similar mode of action.

What I Can Do
Directions: From the forms of insect repellant, choose one that you have
recently used at home and try to explain in one to two sentences the
advantage and disadvantage of using such form.

A. Spray
B. Cream and oil
C. Coil
D. Mat
E. Vaporizer

Form of Insect Advantage Disadvantage

Repellant

1.
2.
3.

Assessment
Choose the Read
Directions: lettereach
of the best
item answer.
carefully and write the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is not an active ingredient of insect repellant?
a. DEET b. Cyfluthrin c. Permethrin d. DDT
2. Among the list of effects, which is not an effect to health of using repellant?
a. Memory lost c. neurotoxicity
b. Contaminate ground water d. skin blisters
3. Which of these has the chemical formula of C21H20Cl2O3 ?
a. Permethrin b. pyrethroids c. Cyfluthrin d. DEET

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4. What process is needed to produce essential oil?
a. distillation b. evaporation c. condensation d. precipitation
5. It refers to a substance packaged under pressure and released as a spray.
a. aerosol b. emollient c. propellant d. surfactant
6. Metofluthrin is a chemical used as an insect repellant also considered as
neurotoxic chemical meaning
a. It affects the cardiovascular system.
b. A poison that can target the nervous system.
c. It is harmful to aquatic life.
d. Toxic to the vascular system of the body.
7. Picaridin allowable concentration of
a. 5%-20% b. 50%-100% c. 2% d. 30%
8. It has a chemical name of 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperedinecarboxylic acid 1-methylpropyl
ester.
a. Permethrin b. Cyfluthrin c. Icaridin d. Pyrethroids
9. A form of insect repellant which is characterized with a series of loops and
is spiral in shape.
a. spray b. cream and oil c. vaporizer d. coil
10. Pyrethroids are lipophilic meaning
a. Pyrethroids love fat cells c. Pyrethroids are toxic
b. Pyrethroids mix with water d. Pyrethroids easily blend with carbon
11. An insect repellant has a substance that softens the skin, what is it?
a. aerosol b. propellant c. emollient d. surfactant
12. Which of the following is a property needed in the production of insect
repellant?
a. It has no effect of toxicity. c. Ineffective
b. Has harmful effect to skin. d. Reacts with other substance.
13. It has a chemical formula of C11H21NO3
a. Icaridin b. IR3535 c. permethrin d. cyfluthrin
14. Which of the following is the correct formulation of PMD?
a. lotion and spray. c. aerosol.
b. lotion only. d. gels and creams
15. DEET means
a. N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide c. N -Diethyl-meta-toluamide
b. N,N-Diethyl-meta-talaamide d. N,N-Ethyl-meta-toluamide

15
 Additional Activities

Directions: Identify and describe the following forms of insect repellant. Give one
sentence description for each form. Write your answer on the space provided.

Forms of Insect Repellant Description

1. Spray
2. Coil
3. Cream and oil
4. Insect Mat
5. Vaporizer

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 17
Independent Activity 1
What I Know
1 citronella
1B
2 Elimite
2A
3 chemical
3C
4 repellant
4C
5 metofluthrin
5D
Independent Activity 2
6B
1 Icaridin
7C
2 Distillation
8A
3 Essential Oils
9A
4 Insecticide
10 A
5 Neurotoxin
11 D
12 B
Independent Activity 3
13 A
1 synthetic
14 C
2 Permethrin
15 B
3 citronella
What's In
4 Icaridin
1 dye
5 Insect repellant
2 natural dye
3 indigo dye
Independent Assessment 1
4 synthetic dye
1 NIR
5 alizarin
2 SIR
What's New
3 SIR
1F
4 SIR
2T
5 NIR
3T
Independent Assessment 3
4T
1D
5T
2C
6F
3A
7T
4A
8T
5A
9T
10 F
Independent Assessment 2
Term Definition
1 Synthetic - prepared by chemical
synthesis in a laboratory.
2 Insect - type of arthropod with six
segmented legs and three body parts
3 Repellant - being able to repel
something away.
4 Insecticide - a substance which kills
insects.
5 Natural - Plant-derived or
based substance.
Answer Key
 18
What I Have Learned
1. insect repellent
2. synthetic or chemical
3. Picaridin
4. IR3535
5. DDT
What I Can Do
Answer may vary
Assessment
1 D
2 B
3 A
4 A
5 A
6 B
7 A
8 C
9 D
10 A
11 C
12 A
13 B
14 A
15 A
Additional Activity
Forms of Insect Repellant Description
1, Spray Answer may vary
2. Coil
3. Cream and oil
4. Mat
5. Vaporizer
 References

DermNetNz “Insect Repellent”. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://dermnetz.org/topic/

insectrepellent/#.- ~:text=Introduction,carriers%20or%20vectors%20of%20
diseases.

Exploration of Everyday Chemical compounds, “The Chemistry of Insect Repellents”.

Accessed January 26, 2021. https://www. compoundchem.com/2014/07/14/
insectrepellents/

Healthline. “What You Need to Know about Citronella Essential Oil”. Accessed January 20.
2021. https://www.healthline.com/health /citronella-oil

Healthline, “Insect Repellent”. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://www.healthline.com/

health/food-nutrition/lemongrass-tea#antioxidant

Mustapha Debboun, Stephen P. Frances, Daniel Strickman. Insect Repellant, Handbook,

Second Edition. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://books.google.com.ph/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=fSZZBAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd=PP1&dq= science+of+insect+repellent+books
books&ots=Y_EvnEY5Oc&sig=JPxuNS_3nm5Djw1nave TT22RqCc7redir_esc=y#v=
y#v=onepage&q=science%20of%20insect%20repellent%20 Books&f=false.

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