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Procedures Experiment 1 3

The document describes procedures for preparing crude drugs and determining moisture content and ash content of plant samples. It involves researching the plant, collecting samples, drying and pulverizing the plant material. For moisture determination, a portion of the dried sample is weighed and dried further in an oven at 105°C, cooling and weighing periodically until the weight change is less than 0.25% to determine the moisture lost. For ash content, another portion is incinerated in a crucible to determine total ash, and then the ash is boiled in acid to determine acid-insoluble ash remaining. The procedures are meant to prepare samples and obtain important quantitative data for analysis of plant drugs.

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Feb Angagka
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48 views

Procedures Experiment 1 3

The document describes procedures for preparing crude drugs and determining moisture content and ash content of plant samples. It involves researching the plant, collecting samples, drying and pulverizing the plant material. For moisture determination, a portion of the dried sample is weighed and dried further in an oven at 105°C, cooling and weighing periodically until the weight change is less than 0.25% to determine the moisture lost. For ash content, another portion is incinerated in a crucible to determine total ash, and then the ash is boiled in acid to determine acid-insoluble ash remaining. The procedures are meant to prepare samples and obtain important quantitative data for analysis of plant drugs.

Uploaded by

Feb Angagka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Name: Date submitted:

Group no.: Rating:

Experiment No. 1
PREPARATION OF CRUDE DRUG

Objectives:
To research about a plant under study.
To be able to prepare a crude drug.

Materials:
Plant sample, mortar and pestle, sieve no.40, jars or bottles,
textbooks in Botany, Pharmacognosy and Plant Chemistry

Procedure:
A. Background of the Plant
Research on the following information about your plant
sample:
1. Official name
2. Other names (indicate whether Tag., Engl., etc.)
3. Botanical source of the plant (plant part used, scientific
name, family)
4. Description of the plant
5. Cultivation and distribution of the plant
6. Reported constituents
7. Reported uses

B. Collection of Plant Sample


• For herbs (non-woody plants), collect complete with roots,
stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds.
• For underground parts, excavate carefully and remove dirt
thoroughly.
• For large fruits, cut cross-sectional in about 1”
thickness.
• For woody and bigger plants, include small branches or
twigs with reproductive structures, healthy leaves,
stipules when present and other features of the plant, also
the bark and wood samples.
• For inflorescences and infructescence (clusters of fruits)
borne on the trunk, carve out these parts from the plant
including a piece of the bark.

Collect only healthy plants or plant parts.


C. Preparation of the Crude Drug
1. Collect the plant part and wash if necessary (to remove
dust, dirt, etc.)
2. Remove the extraneous parts (e.g. petiole). Wipe the sample
with a dry, clean cloth.
3. Arrange on a pan and dry in the oven continuously for 5
hours at 1050C. Turn the sample every now and then to ensure
uniform drying. At the end of the period, test for the
brittleness of the sample.
4. Pulverize the dried sample using a mortar and pestle.
5. Let is pass through a no. 40 sieve and keep in a clean,
dry and tightly-covered bottle.

NOTE: Divide the sample into 2 portions. One portion will be


used for moisture determination and ash determination and the
other portion will be used for drug extraction.

Data:
Write the information on the background of the plant.
Name: Date submitted:
Group no.: Rating:

Experiment No. 2
MOISTURE DETERMINATION

Objectives:
To determine the moisture content of a dried plant sample by
gravimetric analysis.
To study the significance of moisture content determination.

Materials:
dried plant sample (from Expt. No. 1)
evaporating dish
desiccators
oven
digital balance

Procedure:
1. Accurately weigh 5 grams of the sample. The sample should be
air-dried before weighing.
2. Pre-heat the oven to 1050C.
3. Dry the sample in a *tared evaporating dish for 5 hrs. Allow
to cool in the desiccator and then weigh.
4. Continue the drying and weighing at 1 hr. intervals until the
loss of weight is not more than 0.25% in 1 hour drying.
5. Calculate the % moisture.

*taring of evaporating dish:


Wash, dry and place the evaporating dish in an oven for 20
minutes. Cool then weigh. Return the evaporating dish in the oven
then cool and weigh again. Repeat the heating, cooling and weighing
processes until a difference of not more than 0.2 mg between two
(2) successive weights is obtained or until constant weight is
obtained.

Formulas:

Loss in weight = weight of the dried sample - constant weight

% moisture = loss in weight___ x 100


weight of dried sample
Data and Results:
Parameters
Weight of evaporating dish
Weight of dried sample
Weight of evaporating dish + sample after 5
hrs. of heating
Weight of sample after 5 hrs. of heating
Constant weight of sample after 1-hr interval
heating
% of moisture

Computations:
Name: Date submitted:
Group no.: Rating:

Experiment No. 3
ASH DETERMINATION

Objectives:
To determine the total ash content and acid-insoluble ash
content of a dried plant sample.
To study and comprehend the relevance of ash content
determination of drugs.

Materials:
Dried plant sample (from Expt. No. 1), crucible with cover,
incinerator/rapid asher, hot water, ashless filter paper, alcohol,
dilute HCl, desiccator, digital balance

Procedure:
A. Total Ash
1. Accurately weigh 5 grams of the dried plant sample in a
*tared crucible.
2. Incinerate at low temperature not exceeding very dull
redness until free from carbon.
3. If a carbon-free ash cannot be obtained, exhaust the
charred mass in hot water. Collect the insoluble residue
on an ashless filter paper, incinerate the residue and
filter paper until the ash is white or nearly so, then add
the filtrate, evaporate to dryness and heat the whole to a
low redness.
4. If a carbon-free ash is still not obtained, cool the
crucible, add 15 mL of alcohol, break the ash with a glass
rod, burn off the alcohol and again heat the whole to a
low redness.
5. Cool then determine the weight of the ash.
6. Calculate the % of the total ash from the 5 g sample.

*taring of crucible
The crucible is heated to dull redness, cooled in the
desiccator and weighed. The processes are repeated until
constant weight is obtained.

B. Acid-insoluble Ash
1. Boil the ash with 25 mL of dilute HCl for 5 minutes.
2. Filter using ashless filter paper.
3. Wash with hot water then collect the insoluble matter
(residue + filter paper) in a tared crucible.
4. Ignite then allow to cool.
5. Weigh the residue.
6. Determine the % of acid-insoluble ash.

Formulas:

% total ash = _____weight of ash____ x 100


weight of plant sample

% acid-insoluble ash = weight of acid-insoluble ash x 100


weight of total ash

Data and Results:

Computations:

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