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Paris Observatory Answers on the back 13 4

Grażyna Stasińska ES-001 and continents are located.
No. 25 home we’ve ever known.’ the crust, where the oceans
UNAM, México
cherish the pale blue dot, the only interior, and the rind would be
Institute of Astronomy
with one another, and to preserve and flesh would be the molten
Julieta Fierro
our responsibility to deal more kindly a melon. The seed zone would be the core, the
our tiny world. To me, it underscores To imagine the structure of the Earth, think of
conceits than this distant image of
Earth? cosmographica.com)
demonstration of the folly of human by Don Dixon,
appearance on experience. There is perhaps no better ( Artistic interpretation
the order of their humbling and character-building Earth.
these animals in It has been said that astronomy is a colliding to form the
the images of Clumps of material
love [...] lived there [...].
The Earth Can you organize king and peasant, every young couple in by Don Dixon)
(Artistic interpretation
[...] Every hero and coward, [...], every planets.
Challenge
was, lived out their lives. formation of the
heard of, every human being who ever before the
everyone you know, everyone you ever The Solar System
home. That's us. On it everyone you love,
‘Look at that dot. That's here. That's (Hubble Space Telescope).
taken by Voyager 1, Carl Sagan wrote: dust similar to this one
a cloud of interstellar gas and
The Universe in my Pocket Referring to the image of the Earth
the entire Solar System from
Earth: the pale blue dot The Earth formed along with
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Although the oceans cover 70% of the Earth's Water on Earth As the Earth was born
surface, water represents only 0.16% of its Enlargement of the
volume, since the seas on average are only The Earth's surface has elevations image of the The Solar System formed 4.6 billion
pale blue dot
about 5 km deep (compared to the 6400 km and depressions, and water flows years ago from a huge cloud of gas and
of the Earth's radius). from the former to the latter. This dust. The dense center of the cloud
is where life is found. All living things became the Sun. The rest of the cloud,
The volume of salt water are composed of 60 to 90 % water. rotating around the Sun, formed
relative to the volume of Water maintains the structure of clumps that collided with each other,
the Earth is like that of a
cells and serves as a vehicle for generating a lot of heat and forming
pea relative to a melon. larger clumps. One of these giant
The volume of freshwater transporting nutrients from one
clumps became the Earth.
iseven smaller. place to another and for eliminating
Credit:HowardPerlman,USGS NASA/JPL-Caltech In the beginning, the Earth was molten,
waste.
Image taken by the Voyager 1 probe in like lava. Over time, it began to cool and
Where did the water come from? 1990 at a distance of 6.06 billion
Extinct volcanoes in
its mineral elements began to separate.
When the Earth formed, it was so kilometers from Earth, where the Earth
The lighter ones floated to the surface
France (Parc du Massif hot that almost all the water on is seen as a pale blue dot.
Central). and formed a thin crust. The heavier
the surface evaporated. As the This image is part of a series of photos
taken at the suggestion of Carl Sagan
ones sank towards the center of the
Earth cooled, volcanoes and Earth. Thus several layers were formed:
when the Voyager 1 primary mission had
Artist's view of a geysers spewed water vapor into the core, which is made of iron and nickel,
already come to an end, after having
meteroid shower the atmosphere. A large number of .
taken pictures of Jupiter, Saturn and the mantle, which is made of molten
falling on Earth 3.8 comets made of water ice also fell their satellites. This series showed the rocks such as lava, and the crust, which
billion years ago to Earth, so much of Earth's water Earth and the other planets of the Solar is the outer layer that forms the
(credit NASA) probably came from space. system from an unprecedented continents. Water and air are in the
perspective.
9 outer layer. 5
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the oceans. 3 TUIMP Creative Commons
Translation: Stan Kurtz
oxygen and nutrients are all present in is crucial for life.
necessary ingredients of water, energy, The atmosphere Credit: University of Toronto

most life is found, because the atmosphere.

http://www.tuimp.org.
of the Earth. It is in the oceans where layer: the
please visit
by a thin gaseous
The oceans cover about three-fourths presented in this booklet,
and is enveloped
from cooling and freezing. collection and the topics
To learn more about this spherical shape
into space, and also keeps the Earth The Earth has a
water of the oceans from evaporating Credit: New England Aquarium
us from harmful radiation, keeps all the the sea.
airplanes fly. The atmosphere protects ... and that swim in
beautiful blue marble.
breathe and through which birds and Moon. The Earth looks rather like a
the atmosphere, which is the air we NASA's final mission to land on the Answer to the Challenge
enveloped in a thin gaseous layer called Credit: Ato Z animals
the Apollo 17 crew en route to complete
The Earth is shaped like a sphere. It is 1972 by Harrison Schmitt, a member of
ground ...
yet been discovered on any of them. .Earth as a whole, taken on December 7, on solid
Cover image: The first photograph of the
more distant stars, but life has not ... that walk
System and others that revolve around CreditsVistaPalenque
There are Earth-like planets in the Solar Nr 1
Grażyna Stasińska of Paris Observatory
harbors life − in the most varied forms. Astronomía, UNAM, Mexico and fly...
Julieta Fierro of the Instituto de There are animals that
extraordinary characteristic is that it
This booklet was written in 2022 by
Earth is the planet on which we live. Its
The Universe in my pocket No. 25
Earth: a planet with life There is a tremendous variety of life on Earth!

Earthquakes occur How life on Earth began Artistic vision of From the interior to the surface
frequently on Earth. the formation of
Based on the age of the oldest rocks the first cells in The crust is fragmented. It is like pieces
The strongest ones
cause a lot of damage,
and fossils, scientists believe that the underwater of a jigsaw puzzle, called "plates". They
like this one in Haiti life on Earth began about 3.5 billion depths of the move continuously over the viscous
(Scientific American). years ago. Earth (Richard Bizley). mantle, the "magma". Earthquakes
In the beginning, primitive occur when one plate collides with
organisms were formed from the another.
most abundant chemical elements When magma finds a way to escape
that easily bond together to form through a crack to reach the Earth's
molecules, such as hydrogen, surface, it creates a volcano.
Photo: Thrainn Kolbeinsson oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. In some places the crust contains deep
On March 19, 2021, As the millennia passed, little by caverns with water. Near the bottom,
after several little more complicated organisms
thousand small magma heats the water. When the
Geysir, the earthquakes, a new
were formed, such as plants and water boils, steam rises to the surface
Icelandic geyser volcano appeared in animals. First primitive animals and is expelled as a column of hot
that gave its Iceland, named appeared, such as mollusks, then water: a geyser.
name to all the Geldingadalir. fish and birds, and finally mammals.
others (Viator) The Earth's metallic core is spinning and
The Earth is a huge Modern man emerged in Africa creates a magnetic field, which acts like
magnet that makes about 300,000 years ago. All a huge magnet. Several species of
compasses point to the humans are descendants of animals, such as migratory birds and
north or Africans. Simplified representation of the dolphins, use the magnetic field to
south pole. evolution of life on Earth.
(Tech Explorist)
navigate.
(Encyclopedia Britannica).
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