Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd

Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS: 2'151 .. 1919

( ReatTu-med 1998 )
(Reaffirmed!2013)!
Indian Standard (Reaffirmed 2019)

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR WELDING OF MILD

STEEL PLAIN AND DEFORMED BARS FOR
REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION

( First Revision)
=

Second Reprint NOVEMBER 1999

UDC 621.791: 669.141.24 - 422: 693.55: 006.76

© Copyright 1979
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

Gr 8 October 1979
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS : 2751 .. 1979

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR WELDING OF MILD
STEEL PLAIN AND DEFORMED BARS FOR
REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION

( First Revision)
Structural Welding Sectional Committee, SMDC 15

Chairman Representing
SHRI D. S. DESAI M. N. Dastur &Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
Members
SHRI J. K. AHLUWALIA Stewarts & Lloyds of India Limited, Calcutta
SURIB. B. MUKHERJEE (Alternate)
SHRI B. C. BISWAS National Test House, Calcutta
Sum S. C. BHAWAL (Alternate)
SHRI S. K. BURMAN Indian Oxygen Ltd, Calcutta
SHRr D. K. Roy (Alternate)
SHRI R. N. CHAKRABORTY Braithwaite & Co Ltd, Calcutta
Sum R. C. CHOPRA Indian Engineering Association, Calcutta
SHRI S. C. DEY Central Boilers Board, New Delhi
DR J.JAIN Tata Engineering & Locomotive Co Ltd,
Jamshedpur
SHRl A. V. MULAY (A;ternate)
SHRl M. T. KANSE Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals,
New Delhi
SHR! S. N. BASU (Alternate)
SHR! A.P. KAYAL Braithwaite Burn & Jessop Construction Co Ltd,
Calcutta
Slfill S. K. MAJUMDAR Indian Institute of Welding, Calcutta
SHIn P. K. MALLICK Jessop & Co Ltd, Calcutta
MANAGING lliRECTOR Public Works Department, Madras
SIIHI SAMDIIU NATII MOOKERJI ACC-Vickers-Babcock Ltd, Durgapur
Sllm N. MUM MOOH'£HY Engineer-in-Chief's Branch, Army Headquarters,
New Delhi
SHRI M. K. TUADANI (Alternate)
SHRI S. V. NADKARNI Advani Oerlikon Ltd, Bombay
SHRl R. K. THARIANI ( Alternate)
( Continued 011 page 2 )

@ Copyright 1979
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].
IS : 2751 • 1979

( Continue¢ from page 1 )

Members Representing
SHltl l\L V. NAOESllAIAH Metallurgical & Enginccl'ing COll5ultants (1) Ltd,
Ranchi
Dn R. K.NJ\RASIMHAN Institution of Engineers (1), Calcutta
PRODUCTroN ENGINEER Ministry of Railways
DEPUTY DIRECTOR STANDJ\RDS
(R & S) (Alternate I )
ASSISTANT DlHECTO R ( W)
(Alternate U)
SHIt! RADHEY SlIIAM Hinuu$tan Steel Works Construction Ltd, Calcutta
SHHI S. N. SINGH Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd, Ranchi
SHIn S. 5WAROOP (Alternate)
SUIl-l S. K. SmNlvAsAN Bharat Heavy Elcctricals Ltd, Secunderabad
SHR! J.
C. MAGDO ( Alternate 1 )
SHRI RAMESH KUMAlt (Alternate 11)
SRm T. N. VELU Hindustan Shipyard Ltd, Visakhapatnam
SHRI C. R. RAMA RAo, Director General, 151 (Ex-offiCiQ Member)
Director ( Struc and Met)
Secretary
Sa-HI M. S. NAGARAJ
Deputy Director ( Strue & Met ), lSI

2
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS: 2751 ·1979

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR WELDING OF MILD
STEEL PLAIN AND DEFORMED BARS FOR
REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION

( First Revision)

o. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 15 February 1979, after the -draft finalized by
the Structural Welding Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Structural and Metals Division Council.

0.2 This standard was first published in 1966. In this revision the
following modifications have been effected:
a) Mild steel deformed bars have been brought under the purview
of the standard;
b) Use of flash butt welding, thermit welding and gas pressure
welding processes have been permitted;
c) Provisions r egarding the quality of welds and inspection of welds
have been included; and
d) A bend test has been specified as initial test.

0.3 This standard keeps in view the practices being followed in the
country in this field. Assistance has also been derived from the following
publications:
CSA W 186-1970 Welding of reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete
construction, Canadian Standards Institution, Ontario, Canada.
AWS D 12.1-1961 Recommended practices for welding reinforcing
steel, metal inserts and connection in reinforced concrete
construction, American Welding Society, New York (USA).

0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this

standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,

3
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS : 2751 • 1979

expr(:s~jng the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with

IS : 2-1960*. The numbrr of significant places ret<lined in the rounded
off value should he the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

1. SCOPE
1.1 Til i, standard lays down requirements for welding of mild steel round
and d ,:fi)rmedbars conforming to the following standards:
:J ild steel, Gr;lde T conforming to IS : 432 ( Part I )-1966t.
~v1ild steel deformed bars conform ing to IS: 1139 1-1966:j:.
1.1..1. This stand ard is not applicable to welding of medium tensile
and 1 1; ,~ h te nsile steel bars and hard drawn steel 'Nires for concrete
rcinF." ·(.:emcnt.
1. I ,:~ "iN elding of cold-twisted bars will be covered in a separate
stanC1:, cd .

2. TERMINOLOGY
2.1 Fer the purpose of this standard, the definitions g iven in IS : 812-1957§
shall appi y. Dc!initions of some of the common terms extracted from that
stand ·,r d are given in Appendix A.

3. P LANS AND DRAWINGS

3.1 P h n:~ and dra wings for welding of reinforcing ba.rs shall be prepared
in accord a nce with IS : 696-19i2 ii .

4. SYMBOLS
4.1 Sy ruho ls for wcldinguscd in plans and shop drawings shall conform
tc IS: B!3-1961,r.
4.1.1 Ifsymbols other than those given in IS: R13-1961, are used a
complete exp lanation of their meaning shall be giv 11 in the drawings.

*Rules [Il, rounding off numerical valu es (revised).

tSpeci!1cation for mild steel and medium tensile steel bars and hard·drawn steel
wire for concrete reinforcement, Part I Mild steel and medium tensile steel bars
( second yeviJion ) .
tSpe ci!ic.ation for hot roll ed mild steel, medium tensil e stccl and high yield strength
steel deformed bars for concrete reinforc ements (revised).
§Gl()~;"ry of term s relating to welding and cutting of meJ:als.
!leod" of practice for general enginr.ering drawings (second revision ).
, 1Sche mc of symbols for welding.

4
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS: 2751· 1979

5. WELDING EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES

5.1 Welding equipment and accessories used in welding of reinforcing
steel bars shall conform to the requirements of the appropriate Indian
Standards wherever available. Where an Indian Standard is not available,
equipment and accessories used shall be of the best available quality.
Their capacity shall be adequate for the welding procedure laid down. A
general guidance for selection of equipment and accessories is included in
Appendix B.

6. WELDING PROCESSES
6.1 The reinforcement bars may be welded by any of the following
processes:
a) Flash butt welding,
b) Manual metal-arc welding,
c) Oxy-acetylene process,
d) Gas pressure welding, and
e) Thermit welding.

7. PARENT METAL
7.1 The parent metal to be welded shall conform to the following:
Mild steel Grade I bars conforming to IS : 432 (Part I ) -1966*.
Mild steel deformed bars conforming to IS: 1139-1966t.

8. ELECTRODES AND -FILLER RODS

8.1 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding shall conform to
1S: 814 (Part I )-1974+ and IS: 814 (Part II )-1974§.
8.2 Mild steel filler rods for oxy-acetylene welding shall conform to type
S-FS7 of IS: 1278-197211 provided they are capable of giving a minimum
butt weld tensile strength of 410 MPa.

*Sprcification for mild st eel and medium tensile steel bars and hartl·drawn sted
wire for con crete reinfo rce ment. Part I 1tJild steel and medium ten sil e s teel bars
(sfrcnd revisioTl ).
tSpecification for hot-rolled mild steel, medium tensile strcl and high yield strcllgth
stee! deformed bars for concrete reinforcements ( revised).
:!:SpccificatioTl for covered elecaodes for metal arc weldin g of strnctural steel: Part I
l'or weiJing prC)(bcts otllcr tk:n sheets (Jollrlh revision).
§Spccifica(ion for covC'red electrodes for metal arc welding of structural ~t('l'l:
Pa rt II For welding sheets (fourth revision).
IISpccification for filler rods for gas welding (second revision).

5
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS : 2751 - 1979

8.3 Mixtures for thermit welding shall be capable of yielding weld metal
of the required composition and the tensile strength shall be at least
410 MPa.
NOTE - 1 MPa = 10'197 kgf/cm 2 •
9. WELDER'S QUALIFICATIONS
9.1 In the case of manual metal a'l'C welding, only welders who have
passed the qualifying tests pr!,!scribed in Appendix C shall be employed.
9.2 1n the case ofoxy-acetylene welding, only welders who have passed
the qualifying tests prescribed in Appendix D shall be employed.
10. FLASH BUTT WELDING
10.0 Electric flash butt welding may be adopted if a number of welds have
to be done at the same place and when the electric supply is available of
the required capacity in respect of the cross-sectional area of the maximum
size of bar to be welded.
10.1 Preparation for Welding - The ends of the bars to be welded
shall be sheared off so that fresh steel surfaces are available for welding.
The surfaces of the ends of the bars to be clamped shall be cleaned free
from rust to enable free flow of electricity in the bars.
10.2 Procedure
10.2.0 The procedure for flash butt welding shall generally be in
accordance with the' Indian Standard Recommended procedure for flash
butt welding' (under preparation).
10.2.1 The ends of the bars to be welded are placed in proper
alignment in the clamps so that bent or eccentric joints do not result. The
clamps should be cleaned before each welding operation to avoid current
losses and also to eliminate harmful notches or grooves due to burning in
of spots of arcing.
10.2.2 Welding should be done without any preheating of bal's. The
bar ends shall be uniformly pushed against each 0ther from the moment
of contact up to the upsetting. The transformer regulator should be so set
that the current at the contact area is between 85 and 90 A/mm 2 •
10.2.3 If the butt welding machine or the available power is not
sufficient to take the load for welding the bar in the cold condition,
welding may be done after preheating. By repeated making and breaking
of the contact are, heat can be made to spread over the entire cross
section of the bar. The number of short circuits ('contacts and reversing)
should be kept to the minimum possible so that the welding time and

6
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS 12751 • 1979

spread of heat in the longitudinal directions in the bar is minimum.

Satisfactory joints with only slight reduction in the original strength of the
bar can be achieved with current densities up to 25 A/mm2
10.2.4 In automatic machines, the flash rate should be so set that a
continuous flash without interruption can be achieved. If too high a rate
is set, then additional short circuits are required leading to a heat
spreading. If the rate is too low, the flash will be interrupted, conse-
quently air penetrating into the joint will form oxides. If the machine is
hand operated the flash should be maintained to avoid interruption.
10.2.5 Burn-Off Length - For bars with sheared ends a burn-off
( flash-off) length of about 10 mm is required, this length being practically
independent of the bar diameter. Very short burn off length leads to
defective welding because all the impurities will not have been removed
from the place of welding. Increase in the burn off length of the bar thus
reducing the strength of the bar.
10.2.6 Upsetting - The upsetting should result from the burning off,
that is without interruption in the rain of sparks. The electric supply
should be switched off about 1/3 to 1 second after the start of the upsetting
or in the case of automatic machine, after 1 to 3 minutes of upset travel.
The voltage and frequency of the current should be checked before
commencing the welding operation. Such deviations from the nominal
value or large fluctuations during the operation may lead to gross defects
in the welding. Wherever possible welding should be done in periods of
the day when the total load on the network is fairly balanced.
11. FUSION WELDING OF MILD STEEL BARS
11.0 General - Steel bars shall be either butt welded or lap welded
using any of the following fusion welding processes:
a) Manual metal-arc welding,
b) Oxy-acetylene welding,
c) Gas pressure welding, and
d) Thermit welding.
11.0.1 Thermit welding shall be generally in ~ccordance with the
'Indian Standard recommended practice for fusion welding of ferrous
metals by alumino-thermic process' ( under preparation).
11.1 Butt Welding of Mild Steel Bars
11.1.0 Bars may be spliced by butt welding them directly or through a
splice number such as angle, sleeve, bars, etc.
11.1.1 The preparation of edges for different types of butt welds shall
be in accordance with Table 1. In Appendix E are given recommenda-
tions regarding choice of electrodes, number of runs and welding
technique for typical details of butt welds given in Table 1.

7
 Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd -
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].
....
r/.I

TABU: 1 EDGE PREPARATION FOR MANUAL METAL ARC WELDING N

"-I
(Clause 11 .1.1) ....
U1

S(
No l DETAIL TYPE OF JOINT SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION SIZE
RANGE APPLI CAT ION ....•
10
(1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) ~
~ 60°----" ,/6
Where the root is
accessible for back -

t=,-----.l,~·Ao T03mm, f:==r=t 20 to chipping and a'ppli -

1 25mm cat ion ot a sealing
run .
- H,,-oTO 1·5mm

.:)0

21 =Jzf3-
rl=~
---JLo TO 1·5mm
E§ Small,zr
bar 20 to
25 mm
welded to
lorger bar
Where Ihe root is
accessible tor back-
chipping and appli-
cation of a sealing
run.

I 0 Where acce ss to the

~
! ~60----" root of the weld is
I \ ; unobt aincble .
20 to I
Alternat ively a rem-
3 !8E6~
'3 50 mmovable copper backing
bar may be used in
place of the integral
i ---i \-..0 TO 3 mm
steel backing shown .

( Continued)
 Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd -
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

TABLE 1 EDGE PREPARATION FOR MANUAL METAL ARC WELDING - Contcl.

IClause 11.1 .1)
SIZE 1
SI
NO·
(I)
DETAIL

(2)
TYPE OF JOINT

(3)
SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION

(4)
RANGE
(5)
APPLICA TlON

(6)
l
o For general us-e

I
Horizontal bars

"EB o')-j
60 - '-:~ 0 TO ~'5 mm
25 to
50 mm
should bIZ turnlZd
for flat position
wlZlding wherever
possibllZ.

I
~-:t
-I I
'Cl
i ' - 20°
51 £_51~A
F./-J·5mm
i ' IT .

- ..,l-'-5 TO 4mm
~
,
e,~ - . 40 to
50 mm
WhO',
thlZ root""""
of the to
weld is unobtainabl

1 ,:'20°
I[fr'-r~1-;:-5_-""rn::-::_m::--·Jd""~:
r '1- 40 to
For ·general use :
Horizontal bars
.- ~~l~
-
should bIZ turnlZd
6
E' 55mm for flat position
welding wherever

-l:-~O~T~o~'.s~m~m~L~~_ _ _--L_____ ~==

f I)
possible.
II "I.
-
~.
---L_ _-L-_ _ _
~
( Continued) •
"""
\D

"
\D'
 Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd -
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

-----------------------------------------------~----~----------~------- ;
(Clause 11 .1.1)
~
TABLE 1 EDGE PREPARATION FOR MANUAL METAL ARC WELDING - COlltd
SVMBOUC REPRESENTATION I
..-
~
•
i
SI DETAIL TVPE OF JOINT SiZE APPLICATION
No.; RANGE
(1) i (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

7
Et5 40 10
50mm
Where access
10 Ihe roo I of I~
weld is unobtainabl

~ I
8
I t--. =\1~lOl-Smm
y~
....J ~-
N
~ .
~
.. .
I- 4010
50mm
1
~rf~~~I:;eO~nc;r~~~e-d
ralion will be .offsel
by the reductIon in
.., 30 'l-' I welding cost.

II I
-----:.'"t~205T06mmR
F.
_
1-5 T04mm
5J.~ ~ "
1>5mm
$-. .
.
40 to
50mm
I
Where access 10
the root ot the wft:t
is unobtainable.

( Continued)
 Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd -
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

TABLE 1 EDGE PREPARATION fOR MANUAL METAL ARC WELDING-Conic{

IClause 11.1.11

DETAil APPLICA TlON

(2) (6)

f- y~oy~
For generolusel
I-brizonlol bars
should be l1.,frned for
flat position where-
ver possible.
"-60)..

;I

...~•
...
ID
~
I.D
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS : 2751 - 1979

1l.1.2 The edges shalt be prepared by shearing, machining or oxy-

acetylene flame cutting. Bevelling may be done by chipping, machining,
grinding, or oxygen cutling. The joint faces and the surrounding portion
of the hars shall be free from scale, dirt, grease, paint, rust and
contamin:-ults.
1l.1.3 Direct Butt-Welding of Bars of Unequal Cross Section
1l.1.3.1 In butt welding steel parts in line with eal:h other and
which are intended to withstand dynamic, repeating or alternating forces,
and which are of unequal cross_-section where the difference in size of
parts exceeds 25 percent of the size of the thinner part or 3 mm,
whichever is greater the size of the smaller part, the slope being not
steeper than 1 in 5 (see Fig. 1 ).

FIG. 1 BUTT WELDING BARS OF UNEQUAL SIZE

11.1.3.2 Where the reduction of the size is impracticable, and/or

whl!re the structure is not designed to withstand dynamic, repeating or
alternating forces, the weld metal should be built up at the junction with
the thicker bar to the size of the thicker member.
11.1.4 When it is not possible to rotate the bars for welding in flat
position the axis of the bars shall be horizontal and the respective axes of
welds shall be vertical, that is, welds being carried out in the vertical
position.
11.1.5 In the case ofinclined bars, the edge preparation shall be such
that welding is done only on sides (see Fig. 2). Different positions of
welding are defined in Appendix F.
11.1.6 All the bars to be welded should be aligned and set up in
position with their axes in one straight line .. The joints- may not be out-
of-alignment by more than 25 percent of the thickness of the thinner
material for material up to and including 12 mm thick, or by mOre than
3 mm for thicker material. Alignment may be accomplished in a jig, or
by means of a clamp or by using guides. Rotation of the bars should be
avoided until they are adequately welded, so that no disturbance to the
alignment is caused and no twist is introduced in the bars during the
process of welding.

l2
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS : 2'751 - 1979

11.1.7 In the case of details 4, 6, 7, 8, and 10 oJ Table 1, back chipping

in the root is recommended before welding is commenced on second side.
The root run and one further run should be deposited on the first side.
Where possible the back chipping and root run on the second side should
then follow and the remaining runs should preferably be deposited on
alternate sides of the joint to assist in controlling distortion.

\
ANGLE OF
INCLlr,,'\TION

_~ ------"'"-'£.- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- - L -

FIG_ 2 EDGE PREPARATIOl'> OF Il'> CLll'>ED BARS

A--i t-T 20mm max.

-83m;
~
A--i
3A indirect Butt-Splic e Using A Plate

THE ANGLE MAY BE

FLATTENED FOR
WELDING LARGE
OIt.METER S/,RS

36 Ind i rec t Butt-Splice Using An Angle

( Contir:utd)

13
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS I 2751 - 1919

20 mm max.

SECTION BS
3C Indirect Butt-Splice Using A Sleeve

SECTION CC
!-D
C
1
t--D ENLARGED
S-ECTION 00
3D Indirect Butt-Splice Using Two Bars
FIG. 3 INDIRECT BUTT SPLICES

11.1.8 Indirect butt splices may be made by welding bars to splice

plate, angle, sleeve, etc, using single or double fillet welds (flarebeval
groove welds in American terminology) as shown in Fig. 3. The splice
member used, that is plate, angle, bar, sleeve, etc, should have a cross-
sectionat area such that its strength is at least 5 percent higher than the
strength of the bars being welded. The bars shall not be eccentric by more
than 3 percent of the bars joined. The angles when used may be flattened
to suit for welding higher size bars.
11.2 Lap Welding of Mild Steel Bars
Il.2.t Edge preparation is not necessary for lap welds. The length of
bars to be welded should be free from scale, dirt, grease, paint, rust and
contaminants.

14
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS: 2751· 1979

11.2.2 The bars may be lap welded using the details given in Fig. 4.
Detail (a) is used when the -bars are in contact with each other. If the
bars are bent the maximum gap shall be 6 mm.
When the gap between bars is more than 6 mm the joint should be
made using a splice bar or plate [see Fig. 4 (b)]. The gap between the
bar and splice plate should not exceed 0'25 times the diameter of the bar
or 5 mm whichever is less. The area of the splice material shall be at least
5 percent more than the area of the higher size bar being welded.
Some information regarding threat thickness and reinforcement is
given in Table 2.
TABLE 2 DETAILS FOR LAP WELDED JOINTS
BAR DIAMETER THROAT THICKNESS REINFORCEMENT
Min (ApPROX)

(I) (2) (3)

mm mm mm
Up to 12 3 ,1'5
Over 12 up to 16 :3 3
Over 16 5 3
Nrym I - If any overhead weld is required, it should be made prior to the
Rat we lds .
NOT E 2- If the bars are bent, the maximum gap should not exceed 6 mm.

11.2.3 The dimensions of the fillet welds ( length and throat thickness)
shall be capable of developing the full strength of the bar. The eccentri-
city in the joint should be taken into consideration in the design
calculations.
11.3 Square-Butt Welds - Square butt welds may be used for direct
butt welding and ~hall be made using hydrogen controlled electrodes or
the thermit welding process.
12. SELECTION OF WELDED JOINTS
12.1 Direct butt splices (Table I) and as a second choice indirect butt
sp li ,:es (see Fig. 2) should be specified for bars of diameter 20 mm and
over in order to reduce eccentricity effects.
12.2 f<H' bars of diameter up to 20 mm indirect splicing (see Fig. 2) may
be used although lap welds are normally adopted for such bars.
12.3 Square Butt Welds - The bars may be directly jointed with
square-butt welds provided the welds are made using h.ydrogen controlled
electrodes or thermit welding process.

J5
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS: 2751· 1979

DIA 20mm max.

4A Lap Welding Bars in Contact

------.-----.----~-

4B Lap Welding Bars With Bars Separated by a Distance

FIG. 4 LAP WELDING OF MILD STEEL BARS

13. LOCATION OF WELDED JOINTS

13.1 Welded joints should be staggered in the length of the reinforced
concrete components. The joints should also not be positioned in highly
stressed areas.
14. INITIAL TESTS
14.1 Butt Welds - Test pieces containing butt welds at the centre in the
, as welded' condition shall be selected at the rate of one for tensile test
and one for nick break test for every 500 joints.
14.1.1 Tensile Test - The selected pieces when subjected to a tensile
test shall have a tensile strength not less than 4W MPa (42 l.gf/mm%).
14.1.2 Nick Break TtSt - The test specimen shall be notched as given
in Fig. 5 and shall be broken open along the weld. the fractured surface
visually examined for fusion, root penetration, gas cavities and quality of
weld metal. The surface should be reasonably free .fromcavities, inclu-
sions. etc. There shall be no lack of fusion. Small porosity may. however f
be permitted.

16
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS: 2751.1979

~mm c:m ---.f3mm

f---~
FlO. 5
--=r 1 ~ I 't
NICK BREAK TEST SPECIMENS

14.1.3 Bend Test - The specimen shall be bent using any suitable jig.
The weld joint should be capable -of being bent to an angle of 60 0 around
a mandrel of diameter equal to diameter of bar before any crack appears.
14.2 Lap Joints - Test pieces containing lap joints at their centre shall
be selected at the rate of 1 per 500 joints.
14.2.1 Tensile Test - The lead required to shear the joint shall be at
least equal to the tensile load required to fracture the bar.
NOTE - When pulling Jap weld specimens to determine the tensil e strength,
a jig should be used to pr event distortion due to secondary stresses. The jig may
be of d es ign and detail preferred by the testing agency but should prevent change
in geo m etry of the specime n as it is being pulled.
15. RETESTS
15.1 If a sample selected for testing fails to meet the requirements given
under 11.1 or 11.2, tht! purchaser or his representati-ve shall select two
further samples from the same lot. If on testing, either of the samples
fails to meet the specified requirements, the whole lot shall be rejected.
16. INSPECTION

16.0 For purpose of inspection reference shall be made to IS: 822-1970*.

16.1 The weld size, length and location shall be as stipulated in the
drawings, and the me_tal designated shall be free from cracks, excessive
slag inclusions and excessive porosity.
16.2 The weld metal shall be properly fused with the parent metal with-
out overlapping at the toes of the weld.
16.3 There shall be no cracks in the heat affected zones of the r einforcing
bars or splice members. .
16.4 There shall be no serious undercuts in joint subjected to tension.
16.5 All craters shall be filled to the cross section of the welds.

*Code of procedure for inspection of welds.

11
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

1S : 2751 • 1919
16.6 "The visible surfaces of all welds shall be free from entrapped slag
and shall be regular ~d of consistently uniform contour.

16.7 All direct butt welds shall be of full cross section with maximum
reinforcement of 3 mm and shall blend smoothly into the face of bars.
16.8 The profile of fillet welds shall be substantially flat or slightly
convex.

APPENDIX A
( Clause 2.1 )
DEFINITIONS

The definitions .of some of the common terms extracted from

IS: 812·1957* and definitions of some of the other common terms as
applicable to this code are given below:

Bllck Chipping - Chipping into back side of first bead before welding
any beads from the back side.
Bead - A single run of weld metal deposited on a surface without
transver.5e oscillation ( Fig. 6 ).
Butt Weld - A weld in which the weld metal lies substantially
within the e~tension of -the planes of the surfaces of the parts joined or
within the extension of the planes of the smaller of the two parts of
different sizes (Fig. 7 ).

@
'1/,,11\

FIG. 6 BEAD WELDING

*Gl ossary of terms relating to welding and cutting of metals.

18
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS : 2751 • 1979

tIL.---~--¥Ih!444--- ~----t­

f---.---b-
-~-t
FIG. 7 EXAMPLES OF BUTT WELDS

Edge Preparation - Squaring, grooving or bevelling an edge in

preparation for fusion welding (Fig. 8 ).

-f---:=S -F---?7 -f---7--

FIG. 8 EXAMPLES OF EDGE PREPARATION

Fusion - The melting together of filler metal and base metal, or of

base metal only, which results in coalescence.
Lap Weld - A lap weld is one in which the two bars are set side by
side and the welding material so applied as to bind one bar to the face of
the other bar (Fig. 9 ).

FIG. 9 EXAMPLE OF LAP WELD

19
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS : 2751 • 1979

Parent Metal - The metal to be joined or cut.

Quality of Weld Metal- Metal intended to be welded and having a
suitable chemical composition.
Root - The zone at the bottom of the cross section space provided
to contain a fusion weld.
Root Penetration - The depth a groove weld extends into the root of
a joint measured on the centre line of the root cross section.
Root Run - A deposit of single width and thickness made in one pass
of the electrode.
Rotation - The angle between the upper portion of the vertical
reference plane passing through the line of a weld root, and a line drawn
through the same root intersecting the weld surface at a point equidistant
from either toe of the weld.
Sealing Run - The final run deposited on the root side of a fusion
weld.
Slope - The angle between the line of the root of a weld and the
horizontal (Fig. 10).
Throat Thickness - The minimum thickness of weld metal in a fusion
weld (Fig. 11 ) measured as under:

a) For a fillet weld or V-, U-, J- or a bcval butt-weld - Along a line

passing through the root;
b) For a close square butt-weld - In the plane of the abutting faces,
and
c) For an open square butt-weld - At the centre of the original gap in
a plane parallt:d to the fusion faces.

,
ROTATION Of WElD - 0
o

ROTATION Of WELD-IsO

FIG. 10 SLOPE

20
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd -
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

t
x
t
y
1~~~---,-.l

~----~~~-+--~--r t
y Y
~_--J~t:::.::t--.J-..i. ~ _ _~ ~---l_--lo-t.

x = Throat Thickness
Y = The Effective Throat Thickness
as usually adopted
'FIG. 11 THROAT THICKNESS
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS =.-2751 - 1979-

Weaving - Transverse oscillation of the arc end of an electrode or of

a blowpipe nozzle during the deposition of weld metals (Fig. 12).
Star t
----..

Start
~

----.
Start

----.
Start

FIG. 12 WEAVE MOTIONS

APPENDIX B
( Clause 5.1 )
SELECTION OF EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES FOR
WELDING MILD STEEL BARS USED FOR REINFORCED
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
B-O. GENERAL
B-O.l The methods of weld-ing covered in this appendix are (a) manual
metal arc welding with covered electrodes,- and (b) manualoxy-acetylene
welding.

22
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS ,-2'151.1".
8-1. MANUAL METAL ARC WELDING EQUIPMENT
B-l.1 In its simplest form, equipment required for manual metal arc
welding of mild steel bars for concrete reinforcing consists of:
a) a welding power source;
b) accessories, such as electrQde holders, earth clamp, welding cable,
connectors, chipping hammer and wire brush;
c) protective equipment for the operator, such as hand sc~een or
helmet, gloves, apron, etc; and
d) suitable electrode storage and drying equipment, where
necessary.
B-l.2 Welding Power Source - The current for welding may be alter-
nating or direct. There is little to choose between them for work involv-
ing mild steel welding. Electricity from the mains is usually at too high a
voltage for arc welding. Various types of equipment are used for reducing
this voltage and delivering a welding current of the right characteristics.
B-1.2.1 Alternating current transformer equipment of the oil-cooled or
air-cooled type have the advantage of being low in initial cost and requir-
ing very little maintenance. Various types of controls for varying the
current to suit conditions are in common use. .some of these are: (a) a
static choke with tappings, (b) a choke the value of which may be varied
by means of movements of the core, (c) a choke with a saturable
core, and (d) a variable flux linkage transformer. Being essentially a
single phase loa9, welding transformers when connected to 3-phase supply
mains may cause slightly unbalanced load conditions. Condensers of
adequate rating may also be connected across the input lines for improving
the power factor.
B-l.2.2 Rotary machines, such as motor generators suitable for use on
alternating-current mains give a direct current output of the required
characteristics. They have the advantage that they impose a balanced
load on 3-phase supply mains. They are, however, initially more expensive
and require more maintenance than transformers.
B-1.2.3 Where the mains supply is direct current, a motor generator
designed for direct current mains use has to be selected.
B-1.2.4 Rectifier welding sets which are relatively high in initial cost,
require very little maintenance because of elimination of most moving
parts. They also impose a balanced load on 3-phase supply mains.
B-l.2.5 For work at sites where mains _power supply is not available, a
petrol or diesel engine driven welding generator may be selected. Such
machines are often mounted on trailers for easy portability.

23
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS I 2751 • 1979

B-I.2.6 Other points to be considered when selecting the equipment

are (a) that the machine is designed to work satisfactorily in the climatic
conditions that will be met with in service; (b) that it is well made and
conforms to national standards, wherever these exist; and (c) that the
current capacity is adequate for welding with the sizes of electrodes
expected to be used.

B-l.Z.6.1 Transformer welding equipment are covered in IS: 1851-

1966* and motors generator equipment for manual metal-arc welding are
covered in IS: 2635-1966t.
B-l.2.6.2 Electrode holders shall conform to the requirements laid
down in IS: 2641-1964! for this accessory and be of suitable rating for
welding with electrodes in sizes expected to be used.

B-1.2.6.3 Welding cables shall conform to specifications laid down

in IS: 434 (Part I )-1964§ if cables with copper conductors are used.
Cables with aluminium conductors shall_ be of a quality proved for per-
formance. Two lengths of cables are required, one from the welding set
to the electrode holder and the other from the work piece to the welding
set.
B-1.2.6.4 All cable terminal connections, such as sockets, earth
clamp, etc, shaIl also conform to the requirements specified in IS : 2641-
1964!.
B-1.2.6.5 A well-made chipping hammer with a hardened and
tough cutting edge and a narrow type wire brush which may reach the
root of the weld would also be required for deslagging and cleaning the
weld.
B-I.3 Protective Equipment - A non-conducting hand screen or
helmet fitted with protective filter lens will be required to protect the face
and eyes of the operator from the ultra-violet and infra-red rays emitted
by the arc. The filter lens has the double function of securing good vision
or the arc and giving effective_protection by cutting off the harmful rays.
The eye and face protection equipment should conform to the appropriate
stipulations laid down in IS: 1179-19671i.

*Specification [or single operator type arc welding transformer (firJ! revision).
fSp('cifi ca tion [or dc electric welding generators (revised).
:i:Specification for electrical w e lding accessories.
§Spec ification for rubber-insulat ed cables; Part I With copp er conductors
( revised).
IISpecification for equipment for eye and- face protection during welding (first
revision) .

24
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS 12751 ·1979

B-1.3.1 Aprons and leather gloves should be of a standard that has

been proved adequate for welders' use. Shoulder guards, leggings and
other such -protective garments -may be necessary when the operator has
to do positional welding in conditions where freedom of movement is
restricted.
B-I.4 Storage - The condition of the electrodes used has an importclot
bearing on the ultimate quality of the weld produced. Particularly, when
moist ambient conditions are envisaged, for instance at site work, the
storage of electrodes has to be given much attention. Heated storage
cabinets or drying ovens are a ' must' when low hydrogen type electrodes
are being used for site work. Other types of electrodes also are preferably
stored he fore use in such cabinets, when ambient conditions are
unfa vourable.
B-2. MANUAL OXY.ACETYLENE WELDING EQ.UIPMENT
B-2.1 In its simplest form, the equipment required for oxy-acetylene
welding of mild steel bars comprises the following:
a) Supplies of oxygen and acetylene gases;
b) Pressure regulators;
c) A welding blowpipe;
d) Lengths of welding hose, one each for oxygen and acetylene;
e) Accessories, such as connections, hose clips, keys, spanners and
spark lighters; and
f) Protective equipment for the welder, such as gloves and goggles.
B-2.2 Supplies of Oxygen and Acetylene Gases - Oxygen for the
type of welding work involved in this application ( m IS: 309-1974* )., is
most conveniently obtained in steel cylinders in which it is lfilledat high
pressures usually of the order of 133'37 kPa. Cylinders having a nominal
capacity of approximately 6 cubic metres are the most conv'e nient.
B·2.~.1 Acetylene may either be obtained from industrial gas manu-
facturers in steel cylinders in which it is stored at high pressure or
generated at site. High pressure acetylene in cylinders, which is commonly
known as ' Dissolved Acetylene' since the gas is kept dissolved in acetone
-under pressure, is in a form ready for use and free from impurities which
would be detrimental to weld quality. Since the . gas is available at a
pressure, a simple mixer type welding blowpipe is adequate.
B-2.2.2 Generation of acetylene at site may be done by using either a
carbide-to-water or a water-to-carbide generator. Poorly designed or made

*Specification for compressed oxygen gas (second re"ision ).

2S
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

II. 2751. 1979

acetylene generators may be a source of considerable danger to life and
property. The generator used shall be of a design and manufacture
approved by authoIities concerned with industdal safety. It shall also
mcorporate safety.devices and purifying arrangements.
B-2.,2.2.1 Site generation of acetylene would require maintenance of
ltn adequate stock of calcium carbide. Since it· would come into.the
category of hazardous materials, certain precautions have to be' taken in
storing this material. Where princ.ipaUy it is more economical or con-
venient. to generate at site because of the distance from supply points of
high pressure acetylene cylinders, this method of supply is preferred.
)1.2.3 Pressure Regulator. - Actual working pressures of the welding
equipment are much lower than the st{)rage preSsure of the gases in
cylinders. It is the function of pressure regulators to ensure that the gases
are supplied from the cylinders at a steady regulated pressure. For
welding, a two-stage regulator capable of mamtaining accurate pressures
Over a wide range of output conditions is recommended. For oxygen, a
regulator with an outlet pressure range up to 0·2 MPa and for acetylene
( when high pressure dissolved acetylene cylinders are used), a regulator
with a maximum outlet pressure ' of 0·1 MPa is adequate (Stt also
IS: 6901-1973* ).
B-2.f Welding Blowpipe - Welding blowpipes are usually of two types
(a) lowpressu('e blowpipes incorporating an injector arrangement to
enable the equipment to be used with low pressure generated acetylene~
and (b) high pressure blowpipe suitable for use with high pressure
acetylene in cylinders. From the welding performance point of view there
is little to choose between the two. If generated acetylene is to be used,
a low pressure blowpipe is to be chosen. A high pressure blowpipe which
is simpler in design and less expensive compared to· the low pressure
blowpipe should be preferred, if acetylene supply is from cylinders only.
A low power blowpipe is suitable for use with acetylene cylinders also hut
high power equipment , shall not be used with low pressure generated
acetylene (see IS: 7653-1915t).
lL2.f.l The choice between high pressure and low pressure having
been made the next point to consider is the size of blowpipe. The welding
involved in joining mild steel bars, not being of a heavy nature, requires
a light duty blowpipe with a maximum output of 708 Iitres/h ( 0'108 mSth )
of each gas. A range of interchangeable nozzles or welding heads are
usually available for these blowpipes for covering the various sizes of bars
to be welded.

·Specification for pressure regulators for gas cylinders used in welding, cutting and
related process.
tSpecification for manual blowpipes for welding and cutti~g.

26
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

tS, 2151.19'.
8-2.5 Welding Hoses -:.:For conveying the gases from the regulators to
the blowpipes, rubber hoses specially designed for welding use are neces-
sary. Hoses conforming to IS: 447-1968* are recommended. Hose with
5 mm bore is generally used with light duty equipment and 8 mm bore
hose with medium and heavy duty equipment. Hoses should be fitted at
the ends with appropriate connections of good design to enable secure
fitting of the assembly to the blowpipe and .regulator. Properly designed
hose clips or clamps should be used to achieve a leak-tight joint between
the hose and connections .
.B-2.5.1 Using long lengths pf hose is generally not a good practice but
where this is unavoidable, fitted lengths of hoses shall be joined up by the
use of suitable connectors or adaptors.
B-2.6 Accessories - Screwed connections for acetylene (or other com-
bUitible gas) Uie are always left~hand threaded and the colour of tile hose
used is red. Oxygen connections are right-hand threaded and black hose
is used. This is to avoid dangers due to inadvertent mistakes when
connecting up.
B-2.7 Protective EquiplDeat - Protective equipment that shall neces-
sarily be provided to the welding operator are (a) a pair of good quality
leather gloves, designed for welding use; and (b) a pair of good quality
welders' ,goggles conforming to IS: 1179-1967t fitted with filter lenses
- of approved quality which are known to be capable of protecting
the user from the injurious effects of ultra-violet and infra-red emissions
during welding. A lens with a light tiIit is to be- preferred when welding
reinforcing bars. To protect the lenses from damage by molten metal and
sparks, clear protective glasses are usually fitted over the lenses in the
goggles.
B-2.7.} Leather aprons, leggings and shoulder guards may also be
required, if working conditions warrant these.
B-2.7.2 Suitable spanners for the various connections in the outfit, a
key for opening the cylinder valves, a spark lighter for igniting the gases
and a cylinder trolley which may accommodate the cylinders and
equipment and make the outfit portable would complete the set.

-Specification for wclJiug :tud cutting hose of r"bller with won -" (,xli'" rl'illforc('-
ment ( second rel'jsion ),
tSpccificalion for cqllil'llwut fur eye and face -protection during welding (fin!
't~jsjon ).

27
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS: 2751 -1919

APPENDIX C
( Clause 9.1 )
QUALIFYING TESTS FOR METAL ARC WELDERS

C-I. GENERAL
C.1.t The tests shall comprise two butt weld specimens, one for tensile
test and the other for nick break test.
C-1.2 The welder is to be tested fDr work in one or more of the following
joint positions:
Flat (slope 0°, rota tion 0° ),
Horizontol-vertical ( slope 0 0 l'otation 900 ) ,
0
Vertical (upwards, slope 90 and),

Overhead (slope 0 rotation 180° ).

0
,

C-1.2.t A test taken by a welder successfully in a particular position

will normally qualify him for work in that position only. A welder who
has qualified in the horizontal-vertical or vertical or o\'erhead positions
may, however, be permitted to do work in the flat position also without
having to undergo a test in that position.
C-2. MATERIALS
C-2.t The parent metal used for this test shall be mild steel round bar
conforming to IS: 226-1975'" or IS: 432-1966t and be reasonably free
from scale, rust, oil, paint and other defects which adversely affect
welding.
C-2.2 The electrodes used shall conform to IS: 814 (Part I) ·1974 and
IS: 814 (Part II ).1974!. It is recommended that the same type of
electrode that is intended to be used on the work for which the operator
is being tested be used for preparing the test pieces.
C-3. TEST PIECE
C.3.t The test piece shall be in 25 mm diameter bar and the joint details
shall conform to those illustrated in SI No.4 of Table 1. Bevelling may be

·Specification for structural steel (standard quality) ( fifth revision )..

tSpccification for mild steel and medium tensile steel bars and· hard·drawn steel
wire for concrete reinforcement; Part I Mild steel and medium t cnsile steel bars
( second revision).
~Specificationfor covered electrodes for metal arc weldin~ of stl'llctur31 steel:
Part I For welding products other than sheets (fourth revision).
Part II For welding sheets <fourth revision ).

28
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS : 2751 • 1979

done by chipping, machi.ning, grinding or oxygen cutting. The joint faces

and the surrounding materials shall be free from scale, dirt, grease, paint,
rust and contaminants.
C-3.2 The bars should be aligned and set up in position with their axes in
one straight line. This may be done in a jig or by means of a clamp or
by using guides.

C-4. DEPOSITION OF TEST WELD

C-4.1 The root run and one further run should be deposited on the first
side. Back-chipping in the root is recommended before welding is
commenced on the second side. The sealing run on the second side should
then be deposited and the remaining runs should preferably be deposited
on alternate sides of the joint to assist in controlling distortion.
~-4.2 For all root runs, the electrode size used shall be 3·2 or 4 mm, the
larger size being preferred wherever possible. Four-millimetre electrodes
shall be used for the sealing runs and 5 mm for all other runs except in
the case of welds in the vertical and overhead positions where 4-mm
electrodes shall be used for other runs as well.
C-4.3 For the joint being prepared in the fiat position, it is permissible to
-turn the specimen over for depositing the sealing run.

C-5. ASSESSMENT
C-S.l Visual Examination - The welds shall be visually examined for
the following:
a) Shape of Profile - The profile of the welds shall be uniform.
slightly convex and free from overlap at the toes of the welds.
The amount of reinforcement shall not exceed;) mm.
b) Uniformity oj Surface - The weld face shall be uniform in appear-
ance throughout its length.
c) Degree oj Undercut - The welded jointshall be free from under-
cut, but slight intermittent occurrences may be disregarded.
d) Smoothnes~ oj Joints Where Welding is Recommenced - The joints in
the weld run, where welding has been recommenced. shall be as
smooth as practicable and shall show no pronounced, hump or
crater in the weld surf?ce.
e) FrerdomJrom Surface Dejects - The surface of the weld shall be
free from porosity, cavities and trapped slag.
C-S.2 Tensile Test -- The upper and lower surfaces of the welds shall be
filecl round OJ machined level with the surface of the bar. The specimen

29
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS: 2751 - 1979

when subjected to a tensile test shall have a tensile strength not less than
410 MPa,
C-5.3 Nick Break Test - The butt welded test specimen shall be
notch cd as givcn in Fig, S and shall be broken open along the weld. The
fractured surfaces shall be visually examined for fusion, root penetration,
gas cavities and quality of weld metal. The surface should be reasonably
free from cavities, inclusions, etc, and there shall be no lack of fusion.
Small porosity may, however, be permitted.
C-G. DETESTS
C-6.1 If a sample selected for testing fails to meet the requirements given
under C-4.1, C-4.2 and C-4.3, the operator should be asked to prepare
two more specimens for retest for requirements of the particular clause. If
on testing either of the samples fails to meet the specified requirements,
the operator is considered to have failed in the test.

APPENDIX D
( Clause 9.2 )
QUALIFYING TESTS FOR OXY-ACETYLENE WELDERS

D-I. GENERAL
D-1.1 The test shall comprise a plate butt weld specimen for nick break
test.
D-l.2 The parent metal used for this test shall conform to IS: 226-197 S*
and be reasonably free from scale, rust. oil. paint and other defects which
adversely affect welding.

D-2. TEST PIECE

D-2.1 The test piece shall be made from two pieces of the bar 20 or 25 mm
in diameter and 100 mm long and shall be in accordance with Fig. 13.

D-3. FILLER ROD

D-3.1 The filler rod shall be between 3'lS and S mm diameter (see
IS: 1278-1972t. )
·Specification for structural steel (standard quality) (fifth revision).
tSpecification for filler rods and wires for gas welding ( second revision).

30
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS I 2151 • 1919

20 OR 25 OIA:

['-~(ID J]

FIG. 13 BUTT WELD TEST PIECE

D-4. ASS£SSMENT
D-4.1 The weld shall be visually examined for the following:
a) Dimensions of Weld Deposit
b) Shape of Profile - The profile of the weld shall be uniform,slightly
convex and free from overlap at the toes of the weld. The
amount of reinforcement shall not exceed 3 mm.
c) Uniformity oj Surface - The weld face shall be uniform in
appearance throughout its length.
d) Degree of Undercut - The welded joint shall be free from undercut,
but slight intermittent occurrences may be disregarded.
e) Smoothness of Joints where Welding is Recommenced - The joints in
the weld run, where welding has been recommenced, shall be
as smooth as practicable and shall show no pronounced hump
or crater in the weld surface.
f) Freedom from Surface Dejects - The surface of the weld shall be
free from porosity, cavities and trapped slag.
g) Disposition of Runs.
h) Penetration Bend.
D-4.2 Nick Break Test - If the visual examination is satisfactory, the
test piece shall be sawn across the transverse centre line of the weld to a
depth of 6 mm approximately, bent until broken, and the fracture surfaces
visually examined for the following:
a) Degree of fusion,
b) Degree of root penetration, and
c) Non-metallic inclusions and gas cavities.

31
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS : 2151 - 1919

APPENDIX E
( Clause 10.1. 1.2 )

RECOMMENDED BAR POSITION, WELD POSITION,

ELECTRODE SIZE AND WEI:.DING TECHNIQUE
FOR BUTT WELDING OF MILD STEEL BARS

E-O. GENERAL
E-O.l The procedure given in this appendix is for Type 2 and Type 3
electrodes when classified according to IS: 815-1974* the procedure for
Type 6 electrodes (low-hydrogen) shall be similar to above. This
appendix is not applicable in the case of iron powder electrodes in these
classes.

E-l. RECOMMENDATIONS
E-1.1 The recommended size of electrode for root runs is 3'2 mm
diameter. However, as far as practicable, maximum size of electrode
shall be used for root runs.
E-1.2 In the case of details I and 2, back chipping and the application
of a sealing run with a 4-mm electrode is recommended, wherever
possible.
E-1.3 In the case of details 1, 3 and 6, the recommended technique is a
full-width weave except on the final layer on larger diameter bars where
it may be desirable to split this into two runs to avoid an excessive width
of weave.
E-1.4 The recommended bar position, weld position, electrode size and
welding technique for the various weld details specified in Table 1 are
given in Table 3.

*Classification and coding of covered elcclrod~s fur metal arc welding of structural
steel ( second revision).

32
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS I 2751-1979

TABLE 3 RECO",,'MENDED BAR POSITION, WELD POSITION ELECTRODE

SIZE AND WELDING TECHNIQUE
( Clause E·) .4 )
DETAIL DAR DIA BAR WEI.D EI.ECTRODE WELDING
POSI'£ION POSITION SIZE TECliNIQUE
( 1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
mm mm
20 Horizontal F 4- Weave
1 20 Vertical H 4 Bead '"
•
2 25 Vertical H 4 Bead
( Smaller bar)
3 25 Horizontal F 5 or 4- Weave
5 40 Horizontal V 4 Beaa
5 40 Vertical H 4 Bead
6 50 Horizontal F 4 and 5 Weave
6 50 Horizontal V 4- Bead
8 Up to 10 Horizontal H 4 Bead
8 Over 10 Horizontal H 4 Bead
8 Up to 10 -Vertical V 4 Weave
9 Up to 25 Horizontal F 5 Weave
9 Over 25 Horizontal F 5 Weave
9 Up to 25 Vertical V 4- Weave
10 Over 25 Horizontal H 4 Weave
F = Flat H = Horizontal V = Vertical

APPENDIX F
( Clause 10.1.1.4 )
WELDING IN DIFFERENT P~SITIONS

F-l. Welding in different positions is explained below.

a) Downhand ( Flat) Positio1l - A position in which the slope and the
weld rotation do not exceed 10° (Fig. 14).

33
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS : 2751 • 1979

u
. ~~~
o r~'o ~ ~

END VIEW
LIMITS OF ROTATION

FIG. 14 DOWNHAND (FLAT) POSITION

b) Inclined Position - A position in which the weld slope exceeds 10°
but not 45° and in which the wdd rotation does not exceed 90 0
(Fig. 15).

SIDE VIEW END VIEW

LIMITS OF SLOPE LIMITS OF ROTATION

FIG. 15 INCLINED POSITI ON

c) Horizontal-Vertical Position - A position in which the weld slope

does not exceetl 10° and the weld rotation is greater than 100,
but does not exceed 90 0 (Fig . 16).

FIG. 16 HORIZONTAL-VERTICAL POSITION

34
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

IS : 2751 .. 1979
d) Overhead Position - A position in which the weld slope does not
exceed 45° and the weld rotation is greater than 90 0 (Fig. 17 ).

SIDE VIEW
LJMITS OF SLOPE

END VIEW
LIMITS OF ROTATION

FIG. 17 OVERHEAD POSITION

e) Reinforcement - Weld metal lying outside the plane joining the

toes (Fig. 18).

\v
x-/
x= Reinforcement

FIG. 18 EXAMPLES OF REIl\FORCEME:-<T

35
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

1$ ,2'S1 • 19'~

Any position in which the weld slope exceeds

f) Vertical Position -
45° and the weld rotation is greater than 90° (Fig. 19).

U
n~

. .
o TOl80
. .
o TO tao

=::J€ ~c=
SIDE VIEW
LIMITS OF SLOPE

PLJlN
~
VIEW
LIMITS OF ROTATION

FIG. 19 VERTICAL POSITION

36
Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Pvt Ltd
Udipur(raulashjv@gmail.com) 27.5.95.156 [for non-commercial use only].

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zalar.Marg, NEW DELHI 110002
Telephones: 323 0131,3233375,3239402
Fax: 91 11 3234062, 91 11 3239399, 91 11 3239382
Telegrams: Manaksanstha
(Common to all Olfices)
Central Laboratory: Telephone
Plot No. 20/9, Site IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area, Sahibabad 201010 8-770032
Regional Offices:
Central: Manak Shavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zalar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 3237617
"Eastern: 1/ 14 CIT Scheme VII M, V.J.P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 3378662
Northern: SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 603843
Southern: C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 2352315
tWestern : Manakalaya, E9, Behind Marol Telephone Exchange, Andheri (East), 8329295
MUMBAI 400093
Branch Offices:
'Pushpak', Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMEDABAD 380001 5501348
:j: Peenya Industrial Area, 1st Stage, Bangalore-Tumkur Road, 8394955
BANGALORE 560058
Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T.T. Nagar, BHOPAL 462003 554021
Plot No. 62-63,Unit VI, Ganga Nagar, BHUBANESHWAR 751001 403627
Kalaikathir Buildings, 670 Avinashi Road, COIMBATORE 641037 210141
Plot No. 43, Sector 16 A, Mathura Road, 'FARIDABAD 121001 8-288801
Savitri 'Complex, 116 G.T. Road, GHAZIABAD 201001 8-711996
53/5 Ward No. 29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th By-lane, GUWAHATI 781003 541137
5-8-56C, L.N. Gupta Marg, Nampally Station Road, HYDERABAD 500001 201083
E-52, Chitaranjan Marg, C-Scheme, JAIPUR 302001 372925
117/418.8, Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 216876
Seth 'Bhawan, 2nd Floor, Behind Leela Cinema, Naval Kishore Road, 238923
LUCKNOW 226001
NIT Building, Second Floor, Gokulpat Market, NAGPUR 440010 5251 71
Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 262305
Institution of Engineers (India) Building 1332 Shivaji Nagar, PUNE 411005 323635
T.C. No. 14/1421, University P.O. Palayam, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 695034 621 17

"Sales Office is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P.O. Princep Street, 271085

CALCUTTA 700072
tSales Office is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, MUMBAI 400007 3'096528
:j:Sales Office is at 'F' Block" Unity Building, Narashimaraja Square, 2223971
BANGALORE 560002

Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi