Reported Speec' ® Ca Listen and repeat. Then act out. Fm eorry to tell you that 1 you can't play Cae He told me I couldn't play football. Well, if he said 60, he’s seen you play, hasn't he?, © Direct speech is the exact words Reported speech is the exact someone said. We use quotation meaning of what someone said but marks in Direct speech. not the exact words. We do not use He said, “I'll wait for you.” quotation marks in Reported speech. He said that he would wait for me. Say - Tell © We use say in Direct speech. We also use say in Reported speech when say is not followed by the person the words were spoken to. We use tell in Reported speech when tell is followed by the person the words were spoken to. Direct speech: She said to me, “I am very tired.” Reported speech: She told me that she was very tired. Reported speec She said that she was very tired y good morning, ete., say something, say one’s prayers, say so tell the truth, tell a lie, tell a secret, tell a story, tell the Expressions with tell time, tell the difference, tell sb one’s name, tell sb the | way, tell one from another Expressions with say | i) Fill in: say or tell in the correct form. 1 The police officer gaid. that 4 Jim me about the party the man was lying last night, 2 Philip itwould probably 5 Our teacher he was rain tomorrow. pleased with our work. 3 Susan ‘Let's go out for | 6 Jane and Kate are twins. | really can't dinner tonight.” ‘one from the other.(doa Listen and repeat. Then act out. I'm looking for Trouble. (Why were you arrested? What are you doing? A police officer asked me what Iwas = doltg 60 | told him that | was oe for Trouble. A = ls os We can report: A. statements B. questions _C. commands, requests, suggestions __ Reported Statements ‘* To report statements we use a reporting verb (say, tell, advise, explain, promise, etc.) followed by a that-clause. In spoken English that may be omitted. * Pronouns and possessive adjectives change according to the meaning. Direct speech: He said, “I cant fix it myself.” Reported speech: He said he couldn't fx it himself. * Certain words change as follows : “this /these here | com Note that: can changes to could will changes to would may changes to might must changes to had to “This is my book,” he said. He said that was his book, ‘+ When the reporting verb is in the past, the verb tenses change as follows: Reported spe speech - "Past Simple 1 “Lwant to go to bed early,” she said. She said she wanted to go to bed early. Present Continuous a PastContinuous “She's speaking to Joe," he said _ He said she was speaking to Joe. Present Perfect Past Perfect 7 “I've bought you some fiowers,” she said. She said she had bought me some flowers. Past Simple Bast Perfect | “He lost all the money,” she said. She said he had lost all the money. Future "Conditional | “Il see you later,” he said. He said he would see me later. |* Time expressions change as follows: Direct speech Reported speech tonight, today, this week / month / year that night, that day, that week / month / year now then, at that time, at once, immediately now that since yesterday, last night / week / month / year the day before, the previous night / week / month / year tomorrow, next week / month / year the day after, the next / following day, the next / following week / month / year two days / months / years, etc., ago “He arrived last week,” she said. two days / months / years, etc., before She said (that) he had arrived the previous week. * There are no changes in verb tenses when the reporting verb is in the Present, Future or Present Perfect tense or when the sentence expresses something which is always true. Direct speech She'll say, “I can do it.” | “The Earth is round,” said the teacher. Reported speech * The Past Continuous does not ust ‘She'll say (hat) she can do it.The teacher said (that) the Earth is round. ly change. Direct speech “I was travelling to Brighton while she was flying to the USA,” he sai He said he was travelling to Brighton while she was flying to the USA © Certain modal verbs do not change in Reported speech. These are: would, could, might, should, ought to. Direct speech “He might visit us,” Mum said, Reported speech Mum said (that) he might visit us.® Report what the guests said at a wedding last Saturday. The bride and groom are very nice young people, Accent) SS f r. {5 The couple's #71 Miss Mayall \ " parents lool k happy, al 6 The bride's father has \) bought them a big flat. Miss Moore 94/4 (that) they.would.make. a lovely.couple.. Mr Smith Mrs Jones Mr Roberts Mr Clarke Miss Mayall Pirie 7 i 4 The bride ie wearing a beautiful wedding dreee, ee aanrena ® Rewrite the following sentences in reported speech. 1 “New Year's Eve is always on December 31st,” she said. She. said (that). New. Year's Eve. is always.on, December Ast, “The children are riding their bikes,” Jennifer said to me. “The Earth revolves around the Sun,” the teacher said to the students. “Jack and Karen have bought a house in the countryside," Nick said to us. “Burglars broke into the museum last night,” the news reporter said. “Dad was mowing the lawn while | was cleaning the car,” Ryan said. “We will have a housewarming party next week,” said Mike and Helen. “Julia and José might move to Australia next year,” Rory said to us.Reported Questions In Reported questions we use affirmative word order and the question mark is omitted. To report a wh-question, we use ask followed by the question word (who, what, etc.). When there is no question word in direct questions, if or whether is used in Reported questions. Pronouns, possessive adjectives, tenses, time expressions, etc. change as in statements. Direct speech | He asked, “What Reported speech He asked what time it was. He asked me if / whether | knew her. ® Turn the following into reported questions as in the example: 1. “What are you doing?” she asked her son. | 5 “Where were you?” Barbara asked him She asked her. gan.what.he. was doing, 2 “Do you like my new clothes?” she asked 6 “Can you pick me up after school?” she her friend, asked her mother. 3. “Where are my keys?” he asked his wife. 7. *Have you seen Kim?" David asked Sarah. 4 “Who is your favourite singer?" Mike asked 8 “When will you retum?" Tom asked her. me. ® Report the police officer's questions to the shop owner. 1 What's your name? 2 Did you see the robbers? (3 What were they wearing? 4 How do you think they got in?) (5 What did they take? 6 Has this ever happened before?) 1 The.police.officar asked hitg.what. bis. name was.Reported Commands / Requests / Suggestions To report commands, requests, suggestions, etc. we use a reporting verb (order, ask, tell, beg, suggest," etc.) followed by to infinitive or not to infinitive, (suggest is followed by the -ing form. e.9. He said, “Shall we go by bus?” He suggested going by bus.) Direct He said to me, “Get out of the house!” He said to me, “Don't touch it!” speech She said to me, ‘Dome a favour, please.” She said to him, “Please, please don't hurt me. Reported He ordered me to get out of the house. He told me not to touch it. speech — She asked me to do her a favour. She begged him not to hurt her. ® Use the verbs in the list in the past simple to complete the sentences. tell suggest beg ask order 1. “Close the door, please,” Ann said to Jack. | 4 “Get out of the car!” he said to them. Ann ....a9ked.... Jack to close the door. ° He them to get out 2 “Let's go shopping,” she said to me. of the car. She going shopping. | 5 “Don't touch anything,” she said to him. 3. “Please, please don't go," he said to Mary. - She him not to touch He Mary not to go. anything, ® Report what Mrs Lane told her daughter, Sue, to do. 1 Don't open the door to anyone! (2 Phone me if there's A an emergency! (3 Don't let the twins cat any sweetel 5 Give the twins a bath before they go to bedl the twins’ bedroom! 7 Close all the windows! & Put the toys away in bed at 9 o'clock! the cupboardl Mra Lane teld Sue not.to, apen. the.door te anyane,. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8® Turn the following sentences into direct speech. 1 He said that he had ordered a pizza for dinner. “Iva ordered a pizza. for.dinnen” he.gaid, © © = a ° a Reporting Verbs She said that they had to calll their lawyer. She asked him why he had said that to her. She told them not to speak to their father like that. She told her son to take his books with him. The plumber told them that he would go the following day to fix the tap She told her friend that was the best holiday she had ever had. He asked the secretary to show him where the manager's office was. Reporting verb Direct speech “Shall | carry the bags?" “1 promise I'l be back early.” “No, | won't buy you a computer.” “You should see a doctor.” “Could you feed the dog?” “Please, please help me!” “Go to your room.” “Don't play with matches.” Reported speech He offered to carry the bags. He promised to be back early She refused to buy me a computer. He advised me to see a doctor. ‘She asked me to feed the dog She begged me to help her. She ordered me to go to my room. She warned me not to play with matches. SSS SS ee “Let's visit Sally.” “She suggested visiting Sally.” “Im going to stay with my sister.” She explained that she was going to stay with her sister.® Choose a reporting verb and turn the following into reported speech. advised asked suggested ordered explained promised offered —_ refused “Ithink you should exercise more,” the doctor said to me. The doctor.advised.me.to. exercise mare. “Lwill not answer your questions,” the actor said to him. ro © “L really will phone this evening,” he said. = “Let's go to the cinema,” he said to her. a “Could you do something for me?” he said to her. o “Go to your room immediately and do your homework,” she said to her son. “You will be paid twice a month,” her boss said. @ “Would you like me to drive you into town?” she said to me. Match the sentences in column A to the correct reporting verb in column B. Then rewrite the sentences in reported speech as in the example: TE] “No, | won't doi,” she said. 2 _] “Let's go for a walk,” he said, 3]_] ‘Please, please don't hurt me!” she said to the robber. 4 warn _] ‘Don't go near the campfire because it's dangerous,” beg she said to Ben. reo promise e®ac0ce 5[_] *Iibuy you bicycle for your birthday,” his father sad. aig She. refused. ta do.lt. 1 x 3 4 5®@ Write what the family said at the dinner table. /4 in going to start Does anyone want \/2 Pace me the \(2 The chicken i8\” my diet tomorrow, 46 Don't eat with your \ n, Sarl 6 This is the best dinner I've ever hadl @ What are we having¥B I'm very hungry because | only "| __for dessert, Bob?é Speaking Activity (Reporting people's words) Work in groups. Imagine you are watching TV. Your partners are a reporter and a famous singer. Listen to their interview, then report it to the class. Use reported speech. Talk about: ‘* how old / start singing © how many songs / © how often / go there © when / make first album new album has ‘© what / like doing in * who / favourite singer ‘© which / favourite city free time ‘A: How old were you when you started singing? B: | started singing at the age of twelve, etc. ‘The reporter asked the famous singer how old she had been when she had started singing. ‘She said she had started singing at the age of twelve, etc. Imagine you are the reporter in the Speaking Activity. Write a short article for the magazine you work for using the information from the Speaking Activity. This week's interview is with Mirella Rossi, the famous singer. | first asked her how old she ® Fill in say or tell in the correct form. 1 The teacher ... tald....... us that we all passed the test. DFM gyonads exeaaawlaecays goodnight and left the room. 3 Grandma ......... eitaateh ..... usa story every night. © DOB i cacscaes agnde .., “The match starts at 7:00 pm.” 5 You should always . . . . your parents the truth. 16: Can YOU serene eneteascasay is .... me how to get to the post office, please?@ Write what the people said. Shall we go to the | don't want any cola, This chicken Is delicious. Could you pase me the ketchup Sally, [ Pau! | Don't eat with your fingers, Jam been to thie restaurant. doe . agked Sally if.she. cquid.pass. hin the, ketchup. James . Chen Peter Ted Sally Ricardo Paul eorNonnrono ® Complete the sentences using the words given in bold. Don't touch that wire,” he said to me. WARNED He ..warned me. nat.to. touch. that. wire. “Where is my book?” she said to him. ASKED She “You should stop eating junk food," my fiend said to me. ADVISED Myfiend ............ceceseeeee “Put your hands up,” the police officer said to them. ORDERED The police Offcer ....ssrscresevecececedccreeeee “Shall | help you with your homework?" my brother said to me. OFFERED My brother fo o - a* There are no changes in the verb tenses in reperted speech when thedirect sentence expresses a gmneral truth is Type 2or Type 3 conditional or a wish, “The Bart Is a olarvet” he said. ‘He said the Earif fs. a paral, (general trui) “if you studied nore, you'd pass your tes," he anid. He said (thal) if! studied mars, I'd pass my tes! “1 wish | were iwas famous" he said He said he wished he were / was femous. * When the intreductery verb is in the present, fulure or present perfect there are no changes in the verb tenses. “Nina can read” she says, ‘She says that Nina canresd, ‘* UP-TO-DATE REPORTING / OUT-OF-DATE REPORTING The verb tenses can change of remain the Same in reported speech vhen 2 sentence exprasses sonething which is up to date or still true when we report t. The verb tenses change when something out of date or not true whan we report it. Vom traweltirney Wy Ericjearred rest week,” hes seal, Phe eae Pee bs trenvestitnngy / wars trawedlirry England next week. fupto-daie reporting - immediately reported ater said} “Fm travelling o Enoland in January,” he said, Ha said ha was travelilg to Engtand in Janay, (Now it's Febrany.) (The inp is over since its February. qut-otciate reporting) “The Earth is il,” he sai. ‘He said (that) the Earth was fit (it sm; not tte.) ® Report what the Jones family said when they came home from their holiday. | Sudtdnke the food | > {Alien ot looking foward [2 tlewed witd-suringl) to going back to school @ FinepeneWgete / © 5.1 was getting tored ase Sane Heese) eflying on thetboock | (6 frp never had 60 | Btn ta, ores | ww rich fin fe | Vy : Mrs Jones lel she.(hed) had.a.brilant time. Jimmy Grandmother| Sha said (that) she would do it Jater. ‘Sho said (that) she eoukt speak German, She.said (that) she would be able to go the day alter. tua) She said, “Imay speak to Ann.” | She said al) she might speak to Ann. Sire sad, “How shall (co this?” | Shaasked haw she should da thet. (advice) Sie said, “Whenshall we teach York?” — She.asked when thay would react Yous. (inlormation) Sie said, “You must be back at 10:00." She said (that) ! must / had to be back at 10-00. (obligation) Sie said, “He mast be tired,” | She said (that) he must be tied. (leauction) Sie said, “You sould iry harder.” She seid (thal) shoudl ry harcier Sie Said, “You had better phone him.” She said (that) ! had better phone him, o Turn the following sentences into reported speech. 1 ‘How shall tell Tam the bad news?" she said. Sitz aoted hav she.shoutd teil Torn.the.ad mews, 2 ‘Can! go home now?" ha asked 3 “Youean come in but you'll nave to be quiet,” he salt te her. 4 ‘What time shall we arrive in Cairo?” he asked 5 ‘She must try hardar if she wants to succeed,” 6 sald. @ "My father vill be angry with me ft he finds out.” she said. 7 “You shouldnt drive so fast," he said to her 8 ‘I.can meat you on Friday,” he said. 9 "Youd better ask your parerts,” she said to hin. 10. ‘I may not be able lo meet you at the tain atatian." ho acid to hor.agree + toinfinitive “yes, li halp you.” He agreed te help me. offer “Bhal f open the door?" He offered ts oper the door. promise “Ofcourse fil wat for you." | He promised to wait for re “No, | won't go vith you.” He refused go with us He threatened to sand me out # wasn't quis He achised ne to see a awyer "Be quiator[ifzend you out” “You should see a lawyer.” "Could yeu ale me?” He asked ms to: help hin. “Please, pleaserhalo met” He begged ne to help him. “Wi you have Gnner with ine?” | He invited ra fo (hae) cer wth fin. “Leave the cat one!” ‘She orderedme to leave the cat alons "Dont forget to ing Ann.” ‘She reminded me to ring Ann. “Dee't go near the rocks.” He wamed ne notto go near fa rocks. He acmitted(to ting (having tok hee te secret He accusedime of breaking / having broken she vase, He apologisid for arriving | having arrivedso ate ‘He complained to me of having tooiache fe denied ieking ‘having taken the book. ‘He suggested having a party admit + -ing form = “Yes, I told har fe secret.” eceuse sbot apologise for complain i sb of deny suggest "You broke the ae!” “Tm samy! arrived so late,” “1 tawe toathacte,” “1 dctn tf take the book" “Lats have a pay.” ‘agree + Unt-clause —“¥6s, i's big louse,” He agreed that tes a big house, complain “You've afnays hing tome.” | He eamplairad that J was atvens jing to tin deny “I didn't take the’ book” He denied that fe hac taken the book, explain “was a dificut fim t make.” | He explained that t was /had been a dificult ‘ihe to make. He exclaimed | remarked that was reciculus, He promised that ne would stay with me, He suggested that! (should) see a doctor exclaim / remark promise suggest “Tat's reatouis." “Otcourse fil say with you.” “You'd better see a doctor.” 4 @ Report the following using an appropriate introductory verbs from the list below: *sompain © advise # refuse ® warm © beg © exclaim © offer « accuse 1 *You should take more exercisa," the dactor 5 “Don't get dirty in the garden," she seid tohim sad, . (ha dtctor advised me.ta.take.mare, riceesyeasent erennise, 2 “I've gota sow threat,” he said. € “I'm nat goingto tidy Helen's bedroom,” Tin said, 3. “Pease, please let me go out end play, Mum,” | 7 “What a silly thing to say!” she said. she saicl 4 "Shall Lopen he deor?” he said to her. @ "You broke my CD player.” she said to hirr.D First write the appropriate introductory verb then report the following situations. 1 “You should go to bed.” advize.., Joe ad vbed. oe te got. bee 2 “Please, please dont leave me alone” 3 “Doitnow!" 4 °Oh, all nght. Ill do ne washing-up.” 5 “Don't forget to take tha dog out." 6 7 e “Everybody, st down!” “Could | use your ptone?* “Im sorry | shautedaat you." $ “Tiltell your parentsif you don't behave.” 10 “It only works f youpress the green button.” 41 “You're right. t wasa brilliant film." 12 “Ive been feeing tied all day.” 43. “Ofcourse I'll wtite is you” 14 *Fiigive you alift heme, i#you like.” 15 “Let's gofor aswim* 16 “It was you who broxe the computer.” A? “Wl were you, | woud tell (hem the truth.” (4B) Use an appropriate introductory verb to report the following. 1 “Gen | have a piscaet cake, please? she said. | gy Don't forget to go te the post office,” she said Sha asked.if.sbe.sould havea piece.of..... dei tieek GABE sake: : 2 “Yes, OK I'l tell herwhat happened," he said. |g. “You chould exoreiee moro,” the doctor eaid to : him 3 “Please, please let ne goto the party,” Sue aati tempo paxeewamsnn wensirs ‘said to her mother. 10. “Mark is always shouting at me,” she said, 4 “Tilnever be naughty again,” Ted said to his 11 "Yes, isa nice dross,” he said father, 4 42 “Shall I carry your bag, Tracy?" he said. 5 “Icidn't come to sctoal because | was ill,” she ae Le said to har teacher, ensseas 13. "No, | won't lat you enpy my homework,” said © “Lot's play chess,” te said, 14 “You scraichad my [VD,”" she said to him. 7 “mn sony Lorgat to phone you," he seid to her.Reporting a dialogue or conversation In conversations we use a mixture of statements, commands and questions. When we turn them into reported speech we use and, as, adding that, and he/she added that, explaining that, because, but, since, and then he/she went on to say, while then, etc. or the introductory verb in present participle form (offering, begging, reminding, etc.). Words or expressions such as Oh, ‘Oh dear, Well, etc. are omitted in reported speech. Reported speech “Oh, this is a very nice dress,” she said. “How | She remarked | exclaimed that that was a very nice dress much does it cost?” and she asked how much it cost. (‘Oh' is omitted.) 1 can't buy it she said. “Ican'taffor i.” | She said she coutdn’ buy it, explaining that she couldnt atord t. “Shall |help you?” he said. ‘We can work on | He offered to help me, suggesting that we could work on it ittogether.” together. ® Rewrite the following sentenci in reported speech. 1. “What time does the next bus leave?” he said. “I need to get to the station.” He asked what. time. the. next, bus left hecauae he needed ta gat ta the atation, 2 “Please, please don't take my ring,” she said to the thief. “It was a present.” 3 “It’s very late, Martin,” his mother said. “Where have you been?” 4. “Shall | cook the dinner?” he said to her. "You look very tied.” 5. “Stop making noise!” she said to him. “I can't concentrate,” 6 “Why are you teasing your sister?" she asked him. “You know it upsets her.” 7 “Why won't you come to the party?” he said to her. “Everyone would love to see you.” 8 “I broke the window,” he said to her. “I was the one who kicked the football.” (4) Turn the following dialogue into reported speech. “How do you like your course, Fatima?” Jane asked ./ane.asked Fatima how she liked her course. “I didn't like it at first,” Fatima replied. “I wasn't sure it was right for me.” “Why did you have doubts about it?” Jane asked. : “Well, there was too much reading and none of the other students seemed very friendly,” Fatima said. "But now I've got used to it and | like it a lot. Do you like your course?” “Well, the course is all right though I'm not as interested in History as | thought | was,” Jane replied. “Why don't you study something else, then? What about studying English?” Fatima said. ‘A: “That is a really good idea, Fatima. Then we could help each other with our work,” Jane said. & B: A B: BeTurn the following into baa, please? reported speech using introductory verbs. Don't unfasten your seat belt while on the ridel ‘fyou do, you could fall and get seriously injured. (® You should keep both your hands on Please, please stop the ride. | want to get off. The security guard. asked the hay.if.he.could. see. his. bag The boy The fun park employee The fun park employee The fun park employee Sally eannene (46) Turn the following text into direct speech. The student advisor asked Barry why his grades had been dropping. Barry explained that he didn’t have enough time to study. The student advisor asked Barry if he was taking part in too many after-school activities. Barry admitted that he was in three sports teams. AS a result, he always felt tired atthe end of the day. The student advisor suggested that Bary participate in one sport only and spend more time in the library studying. Bary agreed that it was a good idea. The student advisor asked him to meet with her after his next exam. ‘Why have. your. grades.veen drapping?”.the. student: adviaar aoked Barry,Speaking Activity (reporting people's words) The students of Bedford Secondary School recently cleaned up Griffith Park. Look at the interview they gave to a reporter and then, in groups, report what was said. Reporter: Why did you decide to help clean up Griffith Park? St: Griffith Park was too dirty to play sports in and we wanted to help change that. Reporter: Whose idea was it to organise such an event? $82: Our class came up with the idea after our teacher had asked us to think of a project to help the environment. Reporter: What exactly did the students do? $3: Well, some students helped to pick up leaves and. rubbish while others painted the park benches. Reporter: What message would you like to give residents in the area? Sa: Please take part in a neighbourhood clean-up programme and don't throw your litter on the ground, use bins. Are you planning another event like this one? Yes, actually we're thinking of having a beach clean-up day next. ‘The reporter asked one of the students why he had decided to help clean Griffith Fark, etc. Ute Cath sy Now pretend you are the reporter. Look at the questions and answers from the Speaking Activity and complete your newspaper article. Teens Clean Up local Park oO © Yesterday, the students of Bediord Secondary School cleaned up Griffith Park. After the event, we got the chance to speak with some of them. ‘The students were very interested in answering our questions. When asked why they had decided to help clean the park, one of the students said ‘We would like to congratulate these students for all their efforts. Perhaps they will encourage others to help our community.Reported Speech enn RO MEN MAM @ NO GO A ONOD A oa OND ALON ON said 3 said 4 told 5. said 6 tell ... Said (that) they were going to live in Brighton. .». Said (that) the bride and groom were very nice young people. ; “ Said (that) the bride was wearing a beautiful wedding ress, ... Said (that) the couple’s parents looked happy. .». Said (that) the bride's father had bought them a big flat. Jennifer told me (that) the children were riding their bikes. The teacher told the students (that) the Earth revolves around the Sun. Nick told us (that) Jack and Karen had bought a house in the countryside. The news reporter said (that) burglars had broken into the museum the previous night. Ryan said (that) Dad was mowing the lawn while he was cleaning the car. Mike and Helen said (that) they would have a housewarming party the following week. Rory told us (that) Julia and José might move to Australia the following year. ‘She asked her friend it / whether she liked her new clothes. He asked his wife where his keys were. Mike asked me who my favourite singer was. Barbara asked him where he had been. She asked her mother if | whether she could pick her up after school. David asked Sarah if | whether she had seen Kim. Tom asked her when she would return, The police officer asked him if / whether he had seen the robbers. The police officer asked him what they were The police officer asked him how he thought they had got in. The police officer asked him what they had taken. The police officer asked him if | whether that had ever happened before. suggested 4 ordered begged 5 told She told Sue to phone her if there was an emergency. She told Sue not to let the twins eat any sweets. She told Sue to send the twins to bed at 9 o'clock. She told Sue to give the twins a bath before they went to bed. She told Sue not to allow the dog into the twins’ bedroom. She told Sue to close all the windows. She told Sue to put the toys away in the cupboard.10 1 12 AGRO &® NOH AOD RON @r a Seo eveom aon oaa on "We have to call our lawyer,” she said. “will come tomorrow to fix the tap, ” the plumber told therm. ‘This th best holy | have ever ad,” she fol her jend. "Why did you say that to me?” she asked him. “Don't speak to your father lke that!” she told them. "Show me where the manager's office is, please,” he said to the secretary. "Take your books with you,” she told her son. The actor refused to answer his questions. He promised to call that evening. He suggested going to the cinema. He asked her to do something for him. She ordered her son to go to his room immediately and do his homework. Her boss explained that she would be paid twice a month. She offered to drive me into town. e@ He suggested going for a walk. b She begged the robber not to hurt her. a She warned Ben not to go near the campfire because it was dangerous. d His father promised to buy him a bicycle for his birthday. The old man said (that) the Earth was flat. F ee (that) the cheetah is the fastest animal in the He said (that) a train went faster than a plane. F He said (that) dolphins were less inteligent than sharks. F She said (that) man does not live forever. T isked Beth to pass him the orange Juice. said (that) the chicken was very tasty. Said (that) he was going to start his diet the following day. «fold Sam not to eat with his mouth open. ... Said that was the best dinner he had ever had. asked her mum if there was any more salad. «said (that) he was very hungry because he had only had a sandwich for lunch that day. ... asked Bob what they were having for dessert. «» Said (that) he didn’t want anything else to eat. Speaking / Writing Activity (Suggested Answers) .. was when she had started singing and she said she had been twelve years old. Then | asked her when she had made her first album and she said she had made it at the age of 18. | asked her who her favourite singer was and she said it was Amy Winehouse. Next, | asked her how many songs her album had and she said it had 14 songs. | asked her which her favourite city was and she said it was Madrid. | also asked her how often she went there and she said she usually went three times a year. Finally, | asked her what she liked to do in her free time and she said she liked playing hockey.9 Reported Speech 12 said 5 say 8 said tell 6 tell 9 tell told 7 says 10 said .. Said (that) he (had) loved wind-surfing. .». Said (that) she didn't like / hadn’t liked the food. ... Said (that) she wasn't looking forward to going back to school. .. Said (that) he was | had been getting bored of lying on the beach. ... Said (that) he had never had so much fun in his life. .. Said (that) she hoped they would go back to the same place the following year. .. Said (that) he was going to get his photos developed the following day. The teacher said (that) koalas live in Australia. (The tense does not change because the direct sentence expresses a general truth.) She said (that) if | had wom my jacket, | wouldn't have got cold. (The tenses do not change because the direct sentence is a conditional Type 3.) Mum says (that) dinner is ready. (The tense does not change because the introductory verb is in the present simple.) The Art teacher said (that) if you mix red and blue, you get purple. (The tenses do not change because the direct sentence expresses a general truth.) He said (that) he would meet me at the bus stop at three o'clock. Kim said (that) everything (had) started shaking and falling to the ground. She said (that) she was | had been so scared that she (had) grabbed her cat and hid / had hidden under the kitchen table. Adam said (that) he was | had been cutting the grass when it happened. Suddenly, several car alarms had gone off. Then he (had) felt the ground shake under him. He said (that) he was / had been so terrified that he couldn't move.AON Oaaen oA OM ON o Laura said (that) she was still in bed when the earthquake hit. All she could do was Gover her head with a pillow and wait for it to end. She said (that) it was / had been such a terrifying experience. asked the tour guide if / whether (s)he (had) found his glasses. asked the tour guide how long (s)he had worked as a tour guide. asked the tour guide what they were going to do that day. asked the tour guide when dinner was served at the hotel. asked the tour guide what time they would leave the following day. asked the tour guide what time the shops opened. . asked the tour guide who (had) made the sculpture in the square. asked the tour guide if | whether there was a shopping centre nearby. asked the tour guide it / whether (s)he knew where the nearest bank was. Frank asked her why she chose / had chosen to become a marine biologist. Frank wondered what kind of marine plants and animals she protected at the park. Frank asked her if / whether she looked after any ‘endangered species. Frank wondered if | whether there were any interesting observations she had made. Frank wanted to know if / whether she had published any of her research. asked 5 suggested 8 ordered begged 6 ordered advised 7 told He told him to make himself lunch. He told him to tidy his room. He asked him to feed the dog. He told him not to order anything online. He advised him not to leave any rubbish in the kitchen. He told him to answer the phone. He told him not to take his mother's car. He asked if | whether he could go home then. He told her (that) she could go in but she would have to be quiet. He asked what time they would arrive in Cairo. He said (that) she must | had to try harder if she wanted to succeed. She said (that) her father would be angry with her if he found out. He told her (that) she shouldn't drive so fast." 12 10 1 12 13 4 15 16 7 He said (that) he would be able to meet me on Friday. ‘She told him (that) he had better ask his parents He told her (tha) he might not be able to meet her atthe train station. He complained to me of having a sore throat. ‘She begged her mum to let her go out and play. He offered to open the door. ‘She warned him not to get diy inthe garden. Tim refused to tidy Helen's bedroom. ‘She exclaimed that it was asily thing to say. ‘She accused him of breaking her CD player. ‘beg - He begged me not fo leave him alone. ‘order - He ordered me to do it at once / immediately, agree - He agreed to do the washing-up. remind - He reminded me to take the dog out. ‘order - He ordered everyone to sit down. ‘ask — He asked me if| whether he could use my phone. ‘apologise ~ He apologised for shouting / having shouted at me. threaten - He threatened to tell my parent I ddh’t behave. explain - He explained that it only worked if you pressed the green button. ‘agree - He agreed that it was a brillant fm ‘complain - He complained to me of eating tired all any. promise - He promised to write to me. offer - He offered to give me a lit home. suggest - He suggested going for a swim. accuse - He accused me of breaking / having broken the computer. advise — He advised me to tell them the truth He agreed to tell her what (had) happened. ‘Sue begged her mother to let her go tothe party Ted promised his father that he would never be naughty again. She explained (to her teacher) that she didn't / hadn't come to school because she was / had been il. He suggested playing chess. He apologised for forgetting to phone her. ‘She reminded him to go to the post office. The doctor advised him to exercise more. ‘She complained that Mark was always shouting at her. He agreed that it was a hice dress. He offered to carry Tracy's bag. Bill refused to let me copy his homework. She accused him of scratching her DVD. 13 4 15 16 2 She begged the thief not to take her ring because ltwas a present. 3. Martin's mother told him it was very late and asked him where he had been. 4 He offered to cook the dinner, adding that she looked very ted. 5 She ordered him to stop making noise because she couldn't concentrate, 6 She asked him why he was teasing his sister, reminding him that it upset her 7 He asked her why she wouldn't go to the party, adiing that everyone would fove to see her. 8 He admitted (to) having broken the window, ‘explaining that he was | had been the one who (had) kicked the football (Suggested Answer) Fatima replied that she doh fke /hacn liked it at st ‘and added that she hadnt been sure t was right for her. lane asked her why she (had) had doubts about it. Fatima ‘explained that there was / had been too much reading nd that none of the other students (had) seemed very trendy. She went on to say that she had got used to it ‘now and liked it aot. Then Fatima wondered f Jane iked ‘her course, Jane said thatthe course was al ght though ‘she wasn't as interested in History as she (had) thought ‘she was | had been. Fatima suggested that she (should) study something else and suggested studying Engish. lane exclaimed tat that was a realy good idea and she added that they could help each other with their work. 2... agreed that he could, 3... advised the boy to keep both his hands on the handle. 4... told the boy not to unfasten his seat bett while ‘on the ride, 5... wamed the boy that ithe dd, he could fall and get seriously injured. 6... begged the fun park employee to stop the ride because she wanted to get off “Idon't have enough time to study," Bary said. “Ae you taking part in foo many afterschool activities?” the student advisor asked Bary. "Yes, | am in three sports teams," Barry said. “That's why lalways feel ted at the end of the day.’ “You should participate in one sport only and spend more time inthe lary studying,” the student acisor said. “You'te right. That's @ good idea,” Barry said. “Lwant you to meet with me after your next exam, "the student advisor sai. ‘Speaking Activity (Suggested Answers) The first student explained tothe reporter thatthe park was / had been too diy to play sports in and that they (had) wanted to help change that© The reporter wondered whose idea it was to organise such an event. © The second student added that their class came up | had come up with the idea after their teacher had asked them to think of a project to help the environment. The reporter went on to ask them what exactly they did | had done. © The third student explained that some of them (had) helped to pick up leaves and rubbish while others (had) painted the park benches. © The reporter then asked what message they would like to give to residents in the area. The fourth student asked people to take part in a neighbourhood clean-up programme and not to throw their litter on the ground but to use bins instead. © The reporter wondered if / whether the students were planning another event like that one. © The last / fifth student admitted they were thinking of having a beach clean-up day next. Writing Activity (Suggested Answer) Teens Clean Up Local Park Yesterday, the students of Bedford Secondary School cleaned up Griffith Park. After the event, we got the chance to speak with some of them. The students were very interested in answering our questions. When asked why they had decided to help clean the park, one of the students said that the park was too dirty to play sports in and that they wanted to help change that. Then we asked whose idea it had been to organise such an event. Another student said that their class had come up with the idea after their teacher had asked them to think of a project to help the environment. We also asked what ‘exactly the students had done. A student explained that some of them had helped to pick up leaves and rubbish while others had painted the park benches. When asked what message they would like to give to residents in the area, another student advised residents to take part in a neighbourhood clean-up programme and not to throw their litter on the ground but to use bins instead. Finally, we asked if they were planning another event like that one and a student told us that they were thinking about having a beach clean-up day next, We would like to congratulate these students for all their efforts. Perhaps they will encourage others to help our ‘community.Reported Questions / Indirect Questions «© In reported questions the verbs are usualy in the affirmative and the question mark becomes a fullstop. To report a question we use: a) ask + wh- word (who, where, etc) when the direct question begins with a wh- word, b) ask + if/whether when the direct ‘question begins with an auxiliery verb (do, have, can, etc.). Pronouns, possessive adjectives, tenses, time expressions, etc. change as in statements. He said, “What are you doing?” + He asked what | was doing. He said, ‘Did you enjoy the perty?’ — He asked ifwhether | enjoyedihad enjoyed the pary. ¢ We use incirect questions to ask for information/advice and reported questions to report ‘someone else’s questions, suggestions, offers or requests. Indirect questions are introduced with: Could you tell me ...2, Do you know ...?, 1 wonder... went to know .. 1 doubt .., etc. end their verb is in the affirmative. If the indirect question starts with ! wonder , want to know ... or | doubt..., then the question mark is omitted. Question words (what, ‘who, were, ets.) oF whether ean be followed by an infinitive in the reported eontence. | Ho asked me, “Shal Iphone her?" Direct questions He asked me, “Vat te is f° He asked me, “Where can! put it?* Ho asked me whether he should phone her. Ho asked me what time twas. Reported questions 1. asked me where he could put it. or Ho askod me where to put | wencier whether to phone her / whether | should phone her. ‘Do you know what time itis? Do you know where I can put it? | 0 Do you know where to put it? Indirect questions Reporting Commands/Requests/Suggestions To report commands, requests, suggestions or instructions, we use an introductory verb (advise, ‘ask, beg, instruct, urge, offer, order, suggest, tel, etc.) followed by a fo-intinitve, an -ing form or that-clause according to the introductory verb. “Touch your toes,” he said to us. + He told us to touch our toes. (command) “Don't ie down,” he said to us. ~+ He told us nat lie down. (command) “Can | go out?" he said. = He asked to go out. (equest) “Please, lend me scme money,” ne said fo ner. + He asked her to fend him some money. (request) “Please, please, forgive ma!” she said. + She begged me to forgive her. (be0) “Let's play toottal,"he said. + He suggested playing football. (suggestion) “Put ail the ingredionts in the bow,” she told him. ~ She told him to put ail he ingradionts in tho bow (instructions)‘Modals in Reported Speech ‘© The forms of some modal verbs change in Reported Speech when the reported sentence is out of date, Will/Shall -- would, can ~ couldjwould/be abie to, may -+ might/could, ‘shall + should (asking for advice) or would (asking for information) / (expressing offers), must = musi/had to (obligation) (*must remains the same when it expresses possibility or deduction), needn't ~ didn't need to\didn't have tojwvouldn't have to. Would, could, used to, mustn't, should, might, ought to and had better remain the seme. [ Direct Speech Reported Speech He said, TM see you later.” He said (that) he would se2 me fate. He said, ‘7 can lit heavy weights.” He said (that) he could ft heavy weights. He said, 1 ean do it tomorrow.” He said (that) he would be able to do it the next day. He sai, may see Join.” He said (that) he might see Jonn. He said, “How shall repair the ip?” He asked how he should repar the tap. (advice) He said, “When shall we arrive?” He asked when they would arrive. (information) He said, “Shall clean 2° He offered to clean it. (expressing offers) He said, “You must return itsoon." He said (that) | must/nad to return it soon. (obligation) He said, “She must be clever. ‘He said (that) she must be clever. (deduction) He said, "You should work more.” He said (tha) I should work more. He said, "You had better help me.” He said (that I had better help him. He said, ‘You needn't do itrow.” He said (that I dien’t need tojdidn't have to do it then, He said, “You needn't come tomorrow.” Ho said (that) I wouldn't have to go the next cay. Exclamations - Yes/No short answers ~ Question tags ‘* Exclamations are introduced in reported spesch with exclaim, thank, wish, say, cry out in pain, give an oxolamation of eurprisa/horror/diegusteligh, ete. The exolamation mark becomes a full stop. Exclamatory words such as Ohi, Eee!, Wow! etc. are orritted in the reported sentence. “Ow” she said as she hit Fer head on the door. + She cried out in pain as she hit her head cn the door. '* Yes/No short answers are expressed in reported speech with a subject + appropriate auxiliary verb or subject + appropriate introcuctory verb. "Can you help m6?" he said. “No,” she said. He asked her f she could help him and she said she ‘couldn't or He asked her'f she could help him, but she refused. ‘* Question tags are omitted in reported speech. We can use en appropriate Introductory verb to convey the same meaning. "He isn't lying, is he?" she said + She wondered ithe was ling.When we report a speaker's words we don't just apply rules mechanically; we interpret what we hear or read. So we use appropriate reporting verbs (introductory verbs) like the following: Introductory Verb Direct Speech Reported Speech agree “Yes, I! do it again.” He agreed to do it again. demand "Tell me the rth!” He demanded fo be fold the ruth, offer “Would you Ike me to driveyou He offered to drive me home. home?* promise + to.inf “1 wil pay you on Friday.” He promised to pay me on Ficay. refuse “No, won't tl you her secret.” He refused to tell me her secret threaten | "Keep quiet or punish you.” He threatened to punish me if | didn't keep quiet. claim _“Tinessed the ime.” He claimed to have witnessed the crime advise “You should lak about your He advised me to talk about my problem, problem.” allow “You can use my phone.” He allowed me to use his phone. ask “Please, cose the door. He asked me to close the door. beg “Please, please dont hit the dog.” He begged me not to hit the dog ‘command "More to your right.” He commanded me to move to my rg. encourage "Go ahead, sey what you think." He encouraged me to say what ought. forbid “You musin'tcome home ater He forbade us to come home afte eleven eleven.” Instruct ‘ea Me eogs.nine four’ He msructed me tome eggs wrth ne “fur invite + (o-int +14 ike you to come to my party.” | He invited me (to go) to his party. order “Don't leave your room agan.” He ordered me not to leave my room agah permit “You may speak tothe judge.” He pemmittediallowed me to speak to the remind Don’ forget to um the igs of.” He reminded me to turn the ights of. urge “Tryto have sympathy or the He urged me to try i have sympathy for fami.” the family. warn "Don't touch te wire with wet He wamed me not to touch the wire wih “hands.” wet hands “Td ike you to be more polte.” He wanted me to be more poite, meee : accuse sb of | You acted asif you were guilty.” He accused me of acting as i] wer guy apologise for “tim sory | ht you." | He apologised for hurting me. admit (to) “Yes, | was wrong.” He admited (to) being wrong boast about “Tim the fastest rurner of a” He boasted about being ine fastest rumor ofall complain to sb ?* "9 “You always argue” He complained to me about my arguing, fon form deny “No, | didn't eat your cake." He denied eatingihaving eaten my cake insist on "You must wear that blouse.” He insisted on meimy wearing that biouse. ‘euggoct | ots odor apizn.” | He suggested erdoving a piza agree) “Yes, she's vary kind.” | He agreed that she was very kind claim | "T saw the accident.” ‘He claimed that he had seen the accident ‘complain “You never ask my opinion.” | He complained that | nover asked mis + that-clause | opinion, deny “t have never met fer!” He denied that he hac ever met her exclaim “tts a tragedy" He exclaimed that it was a tragedy. explain | “t's a complicated problem.” He explained that it was @ comolicated | problem.| Introductory Verb Direct Speech Reported Speech inform sb “Your requests being reviewed." He informed me thet my request was being ven |, i “reviewed. promise | ciaise 1 won't de lato, ‘He promised that he wouldnt be late. suggest “You ought to give hera cal.” He suggested that |(sheula) give her a cal explain to sb + how “That's tow /succeeded.” ‘He explained to me how he had _ succeeded. wonder “He esked himself, “How old is He wondered how old she was. where/whatiwhy/ how + | she?” clause He asked himsell, ‘Where are my He wondered where his Keys were. (When the subject of the keys?" introductory verb is not He asked himsel, “Why is she so He wondered why she was so col the same as the subject coli?" inthe indect question) He esked himset, “What isthe He wondered what the right answer was. right answer?” if - | wonder whether + He asked himself, “Shall |ivite He wondered whether to invite them | to-in{ or clause them?” ‘He wondered whether he should invite them, wonder where/what/ He asked himselt, “Where shall! He wondered where to go. how + to-inf 90?" (When the subject of the He esked himself, “What shall! He wondered what to read ist. infinitive is the same as reac firs?" the subject of the verb) Ho asked himeell, “How ahall! He wandered howto tell her. | tell her?” = ee eS Punctuation in Direct Speech ‘We capitalise the first word of the quoted sentence. The full stop, the question mark, the ‘exclamation merk and the comma come inside the inverted commas, The comma comes ‘outside the inverted commas only when “he said/asked" precedes the quoted sentence. “Sha is on holiday,” he said. He said, “She is on holiday." “She,” he said, “ison holiday." We do not use a comma after the question mark. ‘Shall we go out?” he asked. BUT He asked, "Shall we go out?” ‘© The subject pronoun comes before the reporting verb (said, asked, etc) whereas the noun subject often comes after ‘said’, ‘asked’, ete. at the end or in the middle of the quoted sertence. “She tailed the test,” he said. “She faied the test,” said Tom. “She,” said Tom, “alec the test.” BUT He'Tom said, “Ste faied the test." (NOT: Sale-For, “She failed the test") ‘© Each time the speaker changes we normally start a new paragraph.