A female client who’s at high risk for suicide needs close supervision.

To best
ensure the client’s safety, Nurse Mary should:

  A. Check the client frequently at irregular intervals throughout the night.

  B. Assure the client that the nurse will hold in confidence anything the client
says.

  C. Repeatedly discuss previous suicide attempts with the client.

  D. Disregard decreased communication by the client because this is common

with suicidal clients.
 orrect Answer: A. Check the client frequently at irregular intervals
throughout the night
 Checking the client frequently but at irregular intervals prevents the client
from predicting when observation will take place and altering behavior in a
misleading way at these times. Once the patient is deemed to be at risk for
suicide, then intervention steps must be initiated right away. The individual
must not be left alone. Enlist the help of a support person while at home.
The suicidal individual must be treated in a safe and secure place. In
addition, the place has to be monitored.
A male client is admitted to the substance abuse unit for alcohol detoxification.
Which of the following medications is Nurse Alice most likely to administer to
reduce the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal?

  A. Naloxone (Narcan)

  B. Haloperidol (Haldol)

  C. Magnesium sulfate

  D. Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)

 Correct Answer: D. Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
 Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) and other tranquilizers help reduce the
symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. Chlordiazepoxide is a long-acting
 benzodiazepine and is an FDA approved medication for adults with mild-
moderate to severe anxiety disorder, preoperative apprehension and
anxiety, and withdrawal symptoms of acute alcohol use disorder.
Chlordiazepoxide has anti-anxiety, sedative, appetite-stimulating, and weak
analgesic actions. It binds to benzodiazepine receptors at the GABA-A
ligand-gated chloride channel complex and enhances GABA’s inhibitory
effects.
A male client admitted to the psychiatric unit for treatment of substance abuse
says to the nurse, “It felt so wonderful to get high.” Which of the following is
the most appropriate response?

  A. “If you continue to talk like that, I’m going to stop speaking to you.”

  B. “You told me you got fired from your last job for missing too many
days after taking drugs all night.”

  C. “Tell me more about how it felt to get high.”

  D. “Don’t you know it’s illegal to use drugs?”

Correct Answer: B. “You told me you got fired from your last job for missing
too many days after taking drugs all night.”
Confronting the client with the consequences of substance abuse helps to break
through denial. Present reality by spending time with the client to facilitate reality
orientation because your physical presence is the reality. Be simple, direct, and
concise when speaking to the client. Talk with the client about concrete or
familiar things; avoid ideological or theoretical discussions. The client’’s ability to
process abstractions or complexities is impaired.
. Delirium is a disorder of___
     a) Consciousness
     b) Perception
     c) Memory
     d) Thought

4. Hallucination is a disorder of___

     a) Perception
     b) Consciousness
     c) Memory
     d) Thought
Disorder of consciousness in which patient remains motionless and mute, is___
     a) Confusion
     b) Clouding of consciousness
     c) Hallucination
     d) Stupor

6. Disorder of motor activity in which the person constantly maintains a position without any
movement is___
     a) Mannerism
     b) Cataplexy
     c) Verbigeration
     d) Negativism 

7. A mental disorder characterized by stereotype speech is___

     a) Mannerism
     b) Cataplexy
     c) Verbigeration
     d) Negativism

8. Perception of a stimulus in the absence of an actual stimulus is known as ___

     a) Illusion
     b) Hallucination
     c) Verbigeration
     d) Delusion

9. The type of delusion most commonly seen in manic patients is___

     a) Delusion of persecution
     b) Delusion of grandeur
     c) Delusion of guilt
     d) Nihilistic delusion

10. Which type of delusional disorder commonly found in paranoid schizophrenia___

     a) Delusion of persecution
     b) Delusion of grandeur
     c) Delusion of guilt
     d) Nihilistic delusion

Answer keys:
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.A
 In Schizophrenia psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations delusions, disorganised speech
and grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviours are known as:
 In Schizophrenia psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations delusions,
disorganised speech and grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviours are
known as:
 a) Negative symptoms

b) Positive symptoms

c) Mediating symptoms

d) Catastrophic symptoms

Correct!Positive Symptoms: Characteristics of psychotic symptoms

which tend to reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions
 Misin
 Misinterpretation of perceptions or experiences in Schizophrenia are known
as:terpretation of perceptions or experiences in Schizophrenia are known as:

a) Hallucinations

b Misperceptions
)

c) Delusions

d Avolition
)

Correct!Delusions: Firmly held but erroneous beliefs that usually involve

a misinterpretation of perceptions or experiences
Which of the following refers to when an individual with Schizophrenia
believes they are someone with fame or power?

a) Delusions of grandeur

b) Delusions of control

c) Delusions of reference

d) Nihilistic delusions

7) In Schizophrenia the when an individual believes that messages are

being sent directly to him or her, this is referred to as:
 a) Delusions of persecution

b) Nihilistic delusions

c) Delusions of reference

d) Delusions of persecution

8) Which of the following ways might hallucinations be experienced in

Schizophrenia,?

a) Auditory

b) Olfactory

c) Gustatory

d) All of the above

9) In Schizophrenia a reality-monitoring deficit refers to which of the

following:

a) Problems distinguishing between thoughts and ideas they

generated themselves

b) Problems with memory loss

c) Problems with spatial ability

d) Problems distinguishing between what actually occurred and what

did not

10) Which of the following come under the term disorganised speech
In Schizophrenia?

a) Derailment

b) Loose associations
 c) Word salads

d) All of the above

11) In schizophrenia when an individual has disorganised speech the

term 'clanging' refers to:

a) Individuals only communicate with words that rhyme

b) Answers to questions may not be relevant

c) Individuals communicate without completing their sentences.

d) Speech may be neither structured nor comprehensible

12) 'poverty of content' in Schizophrenia is when::

a) Speech appears to be detailed in terms of numbers of words, but

is grammatically incorrect

b) A tendency to jump from one topic to another within a sentence

c) Poor use of vocabulary

d) Poor use of grammar

13) Catatonic Behaviour in Schizophrenia is characterised by which if

the following:

a) Resisting attempts to be moved

b) Maintaining rigid, immobile postures

c) Decrease in reactivity to the environment

d) All of the above

14) Grossly Disorganised Behaviour in Schizophrenia is characterised
by which of the following?

a) Behaviour may be childlike and silly and inappropriate for the

perso's chronological age

b) Behaviour may be inappropriate to the context

c) Behaviour may be unpredictable and agitated

d) All of the above

15) Affective flattening in Schizophrenia Is characterised by which of

the following

a) Expressionless and unresponsive facial appearance

b) Lack of eye contact

c) Monotonous voice tone

d) All of the above

16) In Schizophrenia, the term anhedonia refers to?

a) An inability to enjoy food

b) An inability to express empathy

c) An inability to react to enjoyable or pleasurable events

d) An inability to react appropriately to social cues

17) Paranoid schizophrenia is a sub-type of Schizophrenia which is

characterised by:

a) The presence of disorganised behaviour and flat or inappropriate

affect
 b) The presence of delusions or auditory hallucinations

c) The severe disturbances of motor behaviour

d) A lack of prominent positive symptoms with evidence of on-

going negative symptoms

18) ) A sub-type of Schizophrenia known as Catatonic schizophrenia is

characterised by:

a) The severe disturbances of motor behaviour

b) The presence of disorganised behaviour and flat or inappropriate

affect

c) The presence of delusions or auditory hallucinations

d) A lack of prominent positive symptoms with evidence of on-

going negative symptoms

19) A sub-type of Schizophrenia known as Residual Type

schizophrenia is characterised by:

a) The presence of delusions or auditory hallucinations

b) A lack of prominent positive symptoms with evidence of on-

going negative symptoms

c) The presence of disorganised behaviour and flat or inappropriate

affect

d) The severe disturbances of motor behaviour

20)In the Prodromal stage in Schizophrenia which of the following

symptoms are evident:

a) Slow withdrawal from normal life and social interaction

 b) Shallow and inappropriate emotions

c) Deterioration in personal care

d) All of the above

21) In the Active Stage in Schizophrenia which of the following

symptoms are evident?

a) Delusions

b) Disordered speech and communication

c) Halluciantions

d) All of the above

22) In Schizophrenia the diathesis-stress perspective refers to which

combination?

a) Low self esteem and environmental stress

b) Genetically-inherited biological factors and environmental stress

c) Gender and environmental stress

d) Intelligence and life stress

23) When blood samples are collected in order to study the inheritance
patterns within families that have members diagnosed with
schizophrenia. This is known as:

a) Genetic linkage analyses

b) Hemo-predisposition analysis

c) Genetic blood work

 d) Psychoz-biological analysis

24) The biochemical theory of schizophrenia known as the Dopamine

hypothesis refers to:

a) Insufficient Dopamine activity

b) Contaminated Dopamine

c) Excess Dopamine activity

d) Allergic sensitivity to Dopamine

25) Antipsychotic drugs such as the phenothiazines are used to help

treat Schizophrenia, by:

a) Blocking the brain's dopamine receptor sites and so reducing

dopamine activity

b) Increasing brain Dopamine activity

c) Replacing Dopamine with Norepinepeherine

d) Preventing re-uptake of Seretonin

26) AmphetaAmphetamine psychosis results in disturbed behaviour

patterns by:mine psychosis results in disturbed behaviour patterns by:

a) Blocking the brain's dopamine receptor sites and so reducing

dopamine activity

b) `Increasing brain dopamine activity

c) Increasing production of Norepinepherine

d) Increasing levels of Cortisol

27) According to psychodynamic theories of Schizophrenia psychosis

is caused bAccording to psychodynamic theories of Schizophrenia
psychosis is caused by regression to a previous ego state. This is
known as:
y reg According to psychodynamic theories of Schizophrenia psychosis is
caused by regression to a previous ego state. This is known as:ression to a
previous ego state. This is known as:

a) Ego Defence

b) Discounting

c) Primary narcissism

d) Primary reformulation

28) Indivi Individuals with Schizophrenia who cannot infer the beliefs,

attitudes and intentions of others are said to lack:duals with Schizophrenia
who cannot infer the beliefs, attitudes and intentions of others are said
to lack:

a) Theory of Mind

b) Intelligence

c) Self esteem

d) Sense of self

29) in the sociogenic hypothesis of Schizophrenia which of the

following are factoin the sociogenic hypothesis of Schizophrenia which of
the following are factors?rs?

a) Stressors are associated with unemployment, poor educational

levels, crime and poverty generally

b) Jelaousy of people in a higher socioeconomic class

c) Childhood in a low socioeconomic class

d) Lack of education
30) Social labelling' in Schizophrenia is characterised by which of the
following  Social labelling' in Schizophrenia is characterised by which of the
following features?features?

a) Others will begin to behave differently towards sufferers, and

define any deviant behaviour as a symptom of schizophrenia

b) The person who is diagnosed may themselves assume a 'role' as

someone who has a disorder, and play that role to the detriment of
other - perhaps more adaptive - roles

c) The individual generates a self-fulfilling prophecy, in which a

diagnosis leads to the individual, their family and friends
behaving in ways which are likely to maintain pathological
symptom

d) All of the above