INDUSTRAIL TRAINING REPORT

A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

MASAB TANK
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF

DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY

M. SAI TEJA (20001-M-011)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

MR. M. SAI SUMANTH

TRAINEE SV GLOBAL SERVICES PVT.LTD SECUNDERABAD

Submitted to

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, MASAB TANK

HYDERABAD
2020-2023
 DECLARATION
We the undersigned declare that the Project Report entitled “INDUSTRAIL
TRAINING REPORT” written and submitted by us is an original work done under
the guidance of Mr. M SAI SUMANTH .The matter here in is not reproduced from
any other source.

M. SAI TEJA (20001-M-011)

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our sincere thanks to Mr.P. Ram reddy sir HOD of Mechanical Engineering Department,
GPT MASABTANK who motivated us during project work, guiding us throughout in spite of
his schedules and commitments.
Our sincere thanks to all the faculty of the Department for the Encouragement and the guidance
provided.
Our sincere thanks to Mr. MORE ANIL KUMAR HOD, SV global services for his help and
cooperation.
Our sincere thanks to Mr. M RAJESH GOUD Incharge SV global services for constantly
guiding us.
We extend our sincere thanks to Mr. M . Sai Sumanth , Trainer sv global services, for his help
& co-operation through out the project work.
A special note of thanks to Mrs,RAJESHWARI Principal, GPT MASABTANK and
management of GPT MASAB TANK for providing facilities for project work.

We sincerely thank all of them who have helped us either directly or indirectly during the
completion of the project.
CONTENTS

1.Solid Modelling

1.1 Introduction to CAD

1.2 Interface
1.3 Coordinate system
1.4 Function keys
1.5 Units, Commands CNC and Annotations
1.6 Blocks
1.7 Layers and properties
1.8 Introduction to 3d modelling concept in Solid Modelling
1.9 Wide frame modelling and solid modelling

2. Computer Aided Assembly

2.1 Preparation of assembly drawing

2.2 Orthographic projection
2.3 Additive Manufacturing
2.4 Rapid Prototyping
2.5 Parametric modelling

CONCLUSION
SOLID MODELING
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO SOLID MODELLING
• Solid Modeling is the computer modeling of 3D solid objects.
• The objective of Solid Modeling is to ensure that every surface is geometrically
correct.
• It is considered the most complex aspect to master in computer-aided design (CAD)
because it requires the CAD software to simulate the object from within and outside.
AutoCAD is used across wide range of Industries.
• The advantage of solid modeling is that each body is represented as a single object, not
as assembly
• Specifications. Views are associative and will always be consistent. As shown in
Figure 3 Isometric views can be inserted into a drawing for enhanced visualization. In
2-D CAD,
• Three-dimensional parts are represented by two-dimensional views. The engineer must
make Sure that the views are consistent and valid.

1.3 COORDINATE SYSTEM

• ABSOLUTE COORDINATE SYSTEM
All measurements are from origin.
• RELATIVE COORDINATE SYSTEM
All measurements are from previous point.
USER COORDINATE SYSTEM(UCS)

1.4 FUNCTION KEYS

F1 Displays Help for the active tooltip, command, palette or dialog box.
F2 Displays an expanded command history in the Command window.
F3 Turns object snap on and off.
F4 Turns additional object snaps for 3D on and off.
F5 Cycles through 2D isoplane settings.
F6 Turns automatic UCS alignment with planar surfaces on and off.
F7 Turns the grid display on and off.
F8 Locks cursor movement to horizontal or vertical.
F9 Restricts cursor movement to specified grid intervals.
F10 Polar tracking-Guides cursor movement to specified angles.
F12 Dynamic input Displays distances and angles near the cursor and accepts input as you
use Tab between fields.

1.5UNITS, COMMANDS AND ANNOTATIONS

UNITS
Solid Modeling length unit types are as follows:
• Architectural units: are represented in feet and inches and use fractions to represent

partial inches: for example, 12′3 1/2″. ...

 • Engineering units: are represent in feet and inches and use decimals to represent partial

inches: for example, 12’3.5”

• Decimal units: are represent in meters, centimeters, millimeters and also use decimals to
represent decimal points for example: 1.5 ,2.75
• Fractional units: are represent in meters, centimeters, millimeters and use fracions to
represent decimal points for example: 11/2 ,25/7
• Scientific units: used for drawing really tiny or really large things If you design
molecules or galaxies for Examples would be 15.5E+06 (which is 15,500,000) and
15.5E–06 (which is 0.0000155).

COMMANDS
• File commands
• Draw commands
• Modify commands
• Enquiry commands
• Advance editing commands
• Property commands

ANNOTATIONS
Annotation objects include dimensions, notes, and other types of explanatory symbols or
objects commonly used to add information to your drawing. Annotation objects provide
information about a feature, such as the length of a wall, the diameter of a fastener etc

TEXT- This pallet provides tools that help you write text in the drawing area
This command will simply allow you to create a multiline text object in AutoCAD as you
would if you are using Microsoft word. To use it, you have to first specify the area in the
drawing window where you would like the text to appear, then you will be able to enter your
text.

Single LINE (TEXT command)

Contrary to the latter, TEXT allows you to create a single line text object in AutoCAD.
The major difference between the TEXT command and the MTEXT command is that while
creating a text object with the TEXT command, each time you press the ENTER key, you are
creating a piece of text not in the same entity with the previous one. Both can be selected
separately and move independently one from another.
Dimensions- Linear, Aligned, Angular, Radius and Diameter.
This command for used in providing dimensions.

1.6 BLOCKS
blocks are the collection of geometries that act as a single object and they can be used in a
drawing repetitively. The blocks which are used in the drawing are called block references and
if you modify the block all its references change automatically.

1.7 LAYERS AND PROPERTIES

The layer command is used to control and manage the drawings in AutoCAD for different
purposes.
PROPERTIES
On -
Turns the selected layers on and off. When a layer is on, it is visible and available for
plotting. When a layer is off, it is invisible and not plotted, even if the setting in the
Plot column is turned on.
Freeze -
Freezes the selected layers. You can freeze layers to improve performance and reduce
regeneration time in complex drawings. Objects on frozen layers are not displayed,
plotted, or regenerated.

In drawings that support 3D modeling, frozen layers are not rendered.

Tip: Freeze the layers that you want to remain invisible for long periods. If you plan to
switch visibility settings frequently, use the On/Off setting to avoid regenerating the
drawing.
Lock -
Locks and unlocks the selected layers. Objects on a locked layer cannot be modified.
Objects on locked layers appear faded and a small lock icon is displayed when you
hover over the object.

Before we start modelling, we need to change the workspace to “3D modeling” from the status
bar at the bottom of the application. The ribbon will update to show 3D tools. You can start by
navigating to an isometric view by clicking on a corner of the view cube on the top right of
model space.3D modeling in AutoCAD includes 3D solids, surfaces, meshes, and wireframe
object.

Most used commands in 3d:

Revolve

Location: Draw > Modeling > Revolve

This AutoCAD 3D command creates a 3D solid by revolving a 2D object around an axis.

Extrude

Location: Draw > Modeling > Extrude

This AutoCAD 3D Extrude command allows the user to create a 3D object by extruding a 2D
face along a line or path. For example, A cylinder can be created by selecting a 2D circle and
extruding it along with a path.

Sweep

Location: Draw > Modeling > Sweep

This command helps the user to extrude the 2D objects without the 2D face being orthogonal
to the beginning of the path.

Union

Location: Modify > Solids Editing > Union

This AutoCAD 3D command allows the user to combine two objects converting them into one
single object.

Subtract

Location: Modify > Solids Editing > Subtract

This command is opposite to the union command; this command works when there is a
common area in both the objects. Then this command subtracts the object A from the object B.

Intersect

Location: Modify > Solid Editing > Intersect

With this AutoCAD 3D command, the user is left with the area that is common to both the
objects.

A wireframe model is a skeletal description of a 3D object. There are no surfaces in a

wireframe model, it consists only of points, lines, and curves that describe the edges of the
object.

Solid modelling is the creation of an envisioned or existing part or assembly in digital solid
form in 3D space. Solid modelling is for representing solid objects in the areas of engineering
analysis, graphics and animation.

2. COMPUTER AIDED ASSEMBLY

Assembly process is a series of tasks putting together a set of components to produce
an end product. Depending on the situation, the term ’assembly’ may designate the
assembly process or the end product. Assembly planning is the process of preparing
detailed sets of instructions to assemble a product. The instructions include the
assembly tasks involved, the sequence of assembly tasks, fixtures and fixturing
methods, etc.
2.1 PREPERATION OF ASSEMBLY DRAWING.
The 3D CAD modelling in M4 DRAFTING convinces by its simple operability.
Created for users who also wish to use their 2D expertise with 3D modelling, the add-
on M4 DRAFTING module offers an intuitive approach to 3D for the highest level of
productivity. 3D models are generated simply in a drawing in this case on the basis of
several 2D views. Thus a very fast generation of a model, even without special 3D
knowledge, is possible. The integrated 3D viewer enables the interactive inspection of
the 3D model on different levels of detail.

2.2 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

Orthographic projection, common method of representing three-dimensional objects,
usually by three two-dimensional drawings in each of which the object is viewed along
parallel lines that are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. Different Views
Typically, an orthographic projection drawing consists of three different views: a front view, a
top view, and a side view. Occasionally, more views are used for clarity.
The side view is usually the right side, but if the left side is used, it is noted in the drawing.
The correct method of presenting the three views, in first angle orthographic projection is
shown below. The drawing is composed of a front, side and plan view of the L-shaped object

The first drawing is the front view (drawn looking straight at the front of the L-shape), the
second is a drawing of the L-shape seen from the side (known as side view) and last of all a
drawing from above known as a plan view.

2.3 ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing uses data computer-aided-design (CAD) software or 3D
object scanners to direct hardware to deposit material, layer upon layer, in precise geometric
shapes. As its name implies, additive manufacturing adds material to create an object.

By contrast, when you create an object by traditional means, it is often necessary to remove
material through milling, machining, carving, shaping or other means.
Although the terms “3D printing” and “rapid prototyping” are casually used to discuss additive
manufacturing, each process is actually a subset of additive manufacturing

The term “additive manufacturing” references technologies that grow three-dimensional

objects one superfine layer at a time.

2.4 RAPID PROTOTYPING

Rapid prototyping is the fast fabrication of a physical part, model or assembly using 3D
computer aided design (CAD). The creation of the part, model or assembly is usually
completed using additive manufacturing, or more commonly known as 3D printing.

The term rapid prototyping is different from 3D printing/additive manufacturing. Rapid

prototyping is the technique of fabricating a prototype model from a CAD file.

In other words, 3D printing/additive manufacturing is the process, and rapid prototyping is the
end result. Rapid prototyping is one of many applications under the 3D printing/additive
manufacturing umbrella.

• Faster new product development – Rapid prototyping plays a vital role in the process of
creating successful products because it speeds up the new product development process
• Early-stage design/concept validation of the form, fit, and function of the design
• Final stage product verification against the technical requirement and business
objectives
• It allows functionality testing to test the objectives of the concept and to finalise the
product specification
• The prototype gives the end-user, client, customer, user participants hands-on user
experience to get feedback

Rapid prototyping Applications

• Visual prototypes
• Concept models
• Pre-production prototypes
• Functional prototypes
2.5 PARAMETRIC MODELLING
Parametric modeling is an approach to 3D CAD in which you capture design intent using
features and constraints, and this allows users to automate repetitive changes, such as those
found in families of product parts.

Parametric modeling technologies are used for design tasks that involve exacting requirements
and manufacturing criteria.

For example, organizations often turn to parametric when making families of products that
include slight variations on a core design, because the designer will need to create design intent
between dimensions, parts, and assemblies.

This supports designs that will need to be modified or iterated on a regular basis. It also
creates models with individual features that can be modified or changed—such as holes and
chambers— that are captured in a ‘model tree.’

• Automatic updates to the model if changes are made to the design

• The ability to easily capture design intent, which makes it easier to define how the
model should behave when something is changed
• Easy definition and automatic creation of families of parts
• Excellent integration with manufacturing processes, resulting in a decrease in
production time
CONCLUSION

This report covered the preview of our learning path. The use of Solid
Modelling has many advantages. We were guided by the fact that there is more
to learn in Solid modelling than simple figures and lines, regarding
construction site we can conclude that there is difference between the
theoretical and practical work done. As we get more knowledge in such
situation where we have great expression doing the practical work