THE PRESIDENT'S REVIEW

AND ANNUAL REPORT

THE ROCKEFELLER

FOUNDATION 1972

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation
THE PRESIDENT'S REVIEW AND ANNUAL REPORT 1972

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation
 THE PRESIDENT'S REVIEW

AND ANNUAL REPORT

THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION

1972

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 The pages of this report
are printed on paper
made from recycled fibers

THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION

111 WEST 50TH STREET, NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10020

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 CONTENTS

The President's Review 1

Conquest of Hunger 13

Problems of Population 23

University Development 33

Equal Opportunity 43

Quality of the Environment 51

Cultural Development 59

Allied Interests 67

Study Awards 75

Organizational Information 83

Financial Statements 87

1972 Appropriations and Payments 109

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 TRUSTEES AND TRUSTEE COMMITTEES

April 1972—April 1973

DOUGLAS DILLON Chairman JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER SRD Honorary Chairman

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

W. MICHAEL BLUMENTHAL THEODORE M. HESBURGH JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV

JOHNS. DICKEY ARTHUR A. HOUGHTON, Jn.2 ROBERT V. ROOSA
DOUGLAS DILLON VERNON E. JORDAN, JR. NEVIN S. SCRIMSHAW
ROBERT H.EBERT CLARK KERR FREDERICK SEITZ
ROBERT F. GOHEEN JOHN H. KNOWLES* FRANK STANTON
CLIFFORD M. HARBIN* MATHILDE KRIM MAURICE F. STRONG
J. GEORGE HARRARZ ALBERTO LLERAS CAMARGO2 CYRUS R. VANCE
BENW. HEINEMAN1 BlLLMOYERS CLIFTON R. WnARTON, JR.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

THE PRESIDENT Chairman ROBERT V. ROOSA VERNON E. JORDAN, JR.

_ _ _ „ alternate member
DOUGLAS DILLON FREDERICK SEITZ ^r „„
NEVIN S. SCRIMSHAW
ROBERT F. GOHEEN CYRUS R. VANCE alternate member
MATHILDE KRIM THEODORE M. HESBURGH MAURICE F. STRONG
alternate member alternate member

FINANCE COMMITTEE

ROBERT V. ROOSA Chairman FRANK STANTON alternate member^

DOUGLAS DILLON CYRUS R. VANCE alternate member1
ARTHUR A. HOUGHTON, JR.2 THE PRESIDENT
FRANK STANTON: THE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES
BEN W. HEINEMAN alternate member1

* Beginning July 1972.

3 Retired Juno 1972.
8 Through June 1972.

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2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS AND COUNSEL 1972

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS

DOUGLAS DILLON Chairman of the Board of Trustees

J. GEORGE HARRAR President*
JOHN H. KNOWLES President2
ALLAN C. BARNES V ice-President
KENNETH W. THOMPSON Vice-President
KENNETH WERNIMONT Vice-President for Administration
STERLING WORTMAN Vice-President
J. KELLUM SMITH, JR. Secretary
THEODORE R. FRYE Treasurer
HERBERT HEATON Comptroller
JOHN A. PINO Director for Agricidtural Sciences
NORMAN LLOYD Director for Arts and Humanities
WILLOUCHBY LATHEM Deputy Director for Biomedical Sciences8
RALPH W. RICHARDSON, JR. Director for Natural and Environmental Sciences
JOSEPH E. BLACK Director for Social Sciences

COUNSEL

PATTERSON, BELKNAP AND WEBB

ROBERT M. PENNOYER

1 Retired June 1972,

u Upcinninp July 1972.
8 Tlu-ough November 1972.

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

OFFICERS AND STAFF IN NEW YORK 1972

ADMINISTRATION

J. GEORGE HARRAR President1

JOHN H. KNOWLES President2
ALLAN C. BARNES Vice-President
KENNETH W. THOMPSON Vice-President
KENNETH WERNIMONT Vice-President for Administration
STERLING WORTMAN Vice-President
J. KELLUM SMITH, JR. Secretary
THEODORE R. FRYE Treasurer
HERBERT HEATON Comptroller
HENRY ROMNEY Information Officer
ESTHER S. STAMM Assistant Secretary
LEO F. BOURNE Assistant Treasurer
WEBB TRAMMELL Assistant Treasurer3
ALEXANDER DAUNYS Assistant Comptroller
LEO KIRSCHNER Assistant Comptroller
JANE ALLEN Conference Officer
J. WILLIAM HESS Archivist2
JANET M. PAINE Special Assistant*
RICHARD T. KIM BALL Associate {or Administration
KENNETH P. FINIMERUD Consultant
J. GEORGE HARRAR Consultant2
E. C. STAKMAN Consultant
JOHN M. WEIR Co?tstt!tant
FRANCES MULLIGAN Manager, Travel Service
ADEL TACKLEY Manager, Personnel Service
HENRY S. TARTAGLIA Manager, Office Service Department
ROBERT M. THOMAS Manager, Purchasing and Shipping Department1
LOWRY B. ANDREWS Manager, Purchasing and Shipping Department
FRANK WOLLING Manager, Reference Service
RICHARD DODSON Information Associate

1 Retired Juno 1972.

u Beginning July 1972.
3 Beginning October 1972.
•i Throuoh April 1972,
8 Beginning September 1972.

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2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

JOHN A. PINO, PH.D., Director

CLARENCE C. GRAY, III, PH.D., Deputy Director .
JOHN J. MCKELVEY, JR., PH.D,, Associate Director
JESSE P. PERRY, JR., M.F., Associate Director
LEWIS M. ROBERTS, PH.D., Associate Director
RALPH W. CUMMINGS, JR., PH.D., Agricultural Economist1

ARTS AND HUMANITIES

NORMAN LLOYD, M.A., Director2

HOWARD KLEIN, M.S., Associate Director
PETEB H. WOOD, Assistant Director
MARIO DI BONAVENTURA, Consultant*

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

GUY S. HAYES, M.D., Associate Director

WILLOUCHBY LATHEM, M.D., Associate Director3
JOHN MAIER, M.D., Associate Director
VIRGIL C. SCOTT, M.D., Associate Director
THELMA INGLES, R.N., M.A., Consultant
EDITH E. KING, Program Associate*

NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

RALPH W, RICHARDSON, JR., PH.D., Director

GARY H. TOENNIESSEN, PH.D., Assistant Director**
MARVIN E. STEPHENSON, PH.D., Environmental Engineer11
LEONARD B. DWORSKY, M.A., Consultant7
CHIUSTOPHER WRJGHT, Consultant8
MICH AKL MARMOK, PH.D., Program Associate®
ALVIN J. SANDERS, PH.D., Program Associate10

1 Beginning July 1972. Also assigned to Social Sciences, ° Bt-ghmiiife August 1972.
a On study louve bi'pmiinp; October 1972. 7 Beginning Jttnc 1972.
3 On assigninciil to WHO beginning December 1972. «* Hoginninc July 1972.
•A Beginning May 1972. 0 Bet>intnns September 1972.
c Beginning Oclobor 1972. ™ Beginning November 1972.

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 SOCIAL SCIENCES

JOSEPH E. BLACK, PH.D., Director

RALPH K. DAVIDSON, PH.D., Deputy Director
CHADBOURNE GILPATRIC, Associate Director1
CHARLES H, SMITH, M.ED., Associate Director
MICHAEL P. TODARO, PH.D., Associate Director
RALPH W. CUMMIHGS, JR., PH.D., Agricultural Economist*
BRUCE E. WILLIAMS, M.S., Consultant*
PATRICIA HARRIS, Program Associate

FELLOWSHIP OFFICE
ROBERT L. FISCHELIS, M.A., Fellowship Officer
JOSEPH R. BOOKMYER, M.A., Fellowship Associate

FIELD STAFF 1972

BRAZIL
Salvador
BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
GABRIEL VELAZQUEZ, M.D., Foundation Representative4

COLOMBIA
Bogota
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
ROBERT K. WAUGH, PH.D.

Cali
INTERNATIONAL CENTER OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURE (CIAT)
ULYSSES J. GRANT, PH.D., Director NEIL B. MAGELLAN
A. COLIN MC,CLUNG, PH.D., Deputy Director JEROME H. MANER, PH.D.
FRANCIS C. BYRNES, PH.D. NED S. RAUN, PH.D.
PETER R. JENNINGS, PH.D.G JAMES M. SPAIN, PH.D.
LOYD JOHNSON, M.S. ROY L. THOMPSON, PH.D.°

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
PATRICK N. OWENS, D.ENG., Foundation Representative

1 Beginning May 1972.

2 Beginning July 1972. Also assigned to Agricultural Sciences.
3 Beginning April 1972.
4 BcginniiiR July 1972.
6 On study leave.
0 Resigned Juno 1972.

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 SOCIAL SCIENCES
JAMES M. DANIEL, PH.D.1

VIRUS RESEARCH PROGRAM

RONALD B. MACKENZIE, M.D.2

ECUADOR
Quito
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
JACK DEE TRAYWICK, M.S.

INDIA
New Delhi
INDIAN AGRICULTURAL PROGRAM
ORDWAY STARNES, PH.D., Director CHARLES R. POMEROY, M.S.
JOHNSON E. DOUGLAS, M.S., Assistant Director WILLIAM R. YOUNG, PH.D.

SOCIAL SCIENCES
CHADBOURNE GILPATRICS

Hyderabad
INDIAN AGRICULTURAL PROGRAM
WAYNE H. FREEMAN, PH.D. PAULO E. SOTO, PH.D.4

INTERNATIONAL GROTS RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR THE SEMI-ARID TROPICS (ICRISAT)

ARTHUR D. LEACH, PH.D/'

INDONESIA
Jogjakarta
SOCIAL SCIENCES
JOHN SCOTT EVERTON, PH.D., Foundation Representative
ALBERT J. NYBERG, PH.D.°

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
WILLIAM PARSON, M.D.T

ITALY
Bellagio (Lake Comoj
THK RELLAGIO STUDY AND CONFERENCE CENTER
WILLIAM C. OLSON, PH.D., Director MARY M. OLSON, Assistant8

i Through August 1972. ° Beginning October 1972.

B Resigned April 1972. (l Beginning July 1972.
a Through April 1972. 7 Beginning September 1972.
'* Temporary appointment completed. 8 Beginning Juno 1972.

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2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

KENYA
Nairobi
SOCIAL SCIENCES
JAMES S. COLEMAN, PH.D., Foundation Representative
DAVID COURT, PH.D. DAVID K. LEONARD, M.A.

LEBANON
Beirut
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
LELAND R. HOUSE, PH.D.

MEXICO
Mexico City
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
JOHN S. NlEDERHAUSEH, PH.D. EDWIN J. WELLHAUSEN, PH.D.
KENNETH D. SAYRE, PH.D.

INTERNATIONAL MAIZE AND WHEAT IMPROVEMENT CENTER (CIMMYT)

ROBERT D. OSLER, PH.D., Deputy Director REGGIE J. LAIRD, PH.D.
R. GLENN ANDERSON, PH.D. DAVID R. MACKENZIE, PH.D.1
NORMAN E. BORLAUC, PH.D. JOSEPH A. RUPERT, PH.D.2
ELMER C. JOHNSON, PH.D. ERNEST W. SPRAGUE, PH.D.

NIGERIA
Ibadan
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURE (ITTA)
JOHN L. NICKEL, PH.D., Associate Director JAMES C. MOOMAW, PH.D.
LOY V. CROWDER, pn.0.1 WAYNE M. PORTER, PH.D.4
ARTHUR D. LEACH, PH.D.S KENNETH 0. RACHIE, PH.D.

1 Temporary appointment completed.

3 Deceased May 1972,
" Through September 1972.
4 Beginning September 1972,

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2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

SOCIAL SCIENCES
LEONARD F. MILLER, PH.D., Foundation Representative
ALBERT J. NYBERG, PH.D.1

VIRUS RESEARCH PROGRAM

GRAHAM E. KEMP, D.v.M.2 VERNON H. LEE, PH.D.2

PHILIPPINES
Los Banos
INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (IRRI)
ROBERT F. CHANDLER, JR., PH.D., Director3 WILLIAM G. GOLDEN, JR., M.S.4
RANDOLPH BARKER, PH.D. RICHARD R. HAHWOOD, PH.D.S
HENBY M. BEACHELL, M.S.S VERNON E. Ross, M.S.

ST. LUCIA
Castries
BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
PETER JORDAN, M.D., Director, Research and Control Department
GUY BARNISH ROBERT F. STURROCK, PH.D.
JOSEPH A. COOK, M.D. GLADWIN O. UNRAU
PETER R. DALTON, M.A. EDWARD S. UPATHAM, PH.D.
OLIVER F. MORRIS

TAIWAN
Shanhua
ASIAN VEGETABLE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER (AVRDC)
ROBERT F. CHANDLER, JR., PH.D., Director^

1 Through June 1972. lj On assignment in Ceylon.

- Resigned December 1972. H Beginning February 1972.
3 Retired June 1972. « Beginning July 1972.

Kill

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

THAILAND
Bangkok
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
RICHARD R. HARWOOD, PH.D.1 JAMES E. JOHNSTON, PH.D.
ROLAND E. HARWOOD CHARLES L. MOORE, PH.D.
BEN R. JACKSON, PH.D. BOBBY L. RENFRO, PH.D.
JAMES H. JENSEN, PH.D,2 DALE G. SMELTZER, PH.D.

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
JAMES S. DINNING, PH.D., Foundation Representative
GORDON B. BAILEY, PH.D. GORDON J. LEITCH, PH.D.2
WILLIAM P. CALLAHAN, III, PH.D.2 JAMES A. OLSON, PH.D.
INES DURANA, PH.D.8 LLOYD C. OLSON, M.D.
LORNE G. ELTHERINGTON, M.D. J. WAYNE REITZ, PH.D.
ROBERT C. HOLLAND, PH.D. WILLIAM D. SAWYER, M.D.
RUSSELL A. HUCGINS, PH.D. MICHAEL M. STEWART, M.D.
ALBERT S. KUPERMAN, PH.D. JOE D. WRAY, M.D.

SOCIAL SCIENCES
JAMES A. CHALMERS, PH.D.2 LAURENCE D. STIFEL, PH.D.
WILLIAM A. MCCLEARY, PH.D. DELANE E. WELSCH, PH.D.

UNIVERSITY DEVELOPMENT—ADMINISTRATION
H. PETER LANGE

TURKEY
Ankara
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
BILL C. WRIGHT, PH.D.

1 Through Jauuui-y 1972.

a Temporary appointment completed.
a Beginning December 1972.

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© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 UNITED STATES
BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
Honolulu, Hawaii
LUCIEN A. GREGG, M.D.

NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Tuxedo, New York
MICHAEL MARMOR, PH.D.1

Washington, B.C.
ALVIN J. SANDERS, PH.D.2

SOCIAL SCIENCES
Oxford, Ohio
JAMES M. DANIEL, PH.D.8

VIRUS RESEARCH PROGRAM

Berkeley, California,
HARALD N. JOHNSON, M.o.4

New Haven, Connecticut

ROBERT E. SHOPE, M.D., Director JORDI CASALS-ARIET, M,D.
THOMAS H. G. AITKEN, PH.D. DELPHINE H. CLARKE, M.D.*
CHARLES R. ANDERSON, M.D. ROBERT W. SPEIR, M.D.°
SONJA M. BUCKLEY, M.D. JOHN P. WOODALL, pH.D.fl

ZAIRE
Kinshasa
SOCIAL SCIENCES
JAMES S. COLEMAN, PH.D., Foundation Representative

1 Through AuEust 1972. * Retired Juno 1972.

2 Through October 1972. n On leave of absence.
^ Beginning September 1972. 0 Resigned June 1972.

XV

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

Photograph Excised Here

JOHN H. KNOWLES,M.D.

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

THE PRESIDENT'S REVIEW

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

I,
.s it presumptuous of me to speak about foundations in general and The
Rockefeller Foundation in particular? After all, I have only been on the job
for less than a year. But I have spent these months—in many ways the most
interesting of my life—listening to America, and to many people in the devel-
oping world where as yet perceived only dimly so much of mankind's future
is taking shape.
I have also been reading.
I have read with interest, for example, Waldemar Nielsen's "The Big Foun-
dations," and the headlines stimulated by this book with even more interest:
Research Study Calls Big U. S. Foundations "Passive, Conservative"; The
Twentieth Century Fund Report Finds Controversial, Innovative Giving Is
Rare (Wall Street Journal, Oct. 16,1972); Philanthropic Foundations Have
Traditionally Concentrated Their Grants in Educational Institutions. Two
New Books Suggest This Course Has Been Uncreative and Unimaginative
(The Chronicle of Higher Education, Oct. 16, 1972); Wealthiest Founda-
tions in U. S. Reported To Be "Malfunctioning" (New York Times, Oct. 17,
1972); The "Sick" Foundations (Editorial in the New York Times, Oct. 23,
1972).
I also noted Nielsen's observations that the Trustees of The Rockefeller
Foundation surprised the skeptics with my appointment as President of the
Foundation and , . . indications were that . . . [Knowles] . . . intended., with
the backing of the Trustees, to give The Rockefeller Foundation a new and less
constipated style and its greatest shaking up in half a century. My medical
specialty however was not gastroenterology but respiratory physiology and
diseases of the chest and heart—and the better metaphor might have been
that I was called to the house to breathe a new life into a venerable institution.
In fact, why was I offered this magnificent opportunity? There are many in
our country far more experienced and better equipped than I. When I asked
"Why me?" I was told that what was wanted was,first,a younger man with
intensive administrative experience in and a deep commitment to some field
of social welfare, and, secondly, someone who was willing and able to stand
up and articulate the interests of the Foundation with the public interest.
I believe my experiences in life and my perception of life are consonant
with the Trustees' understanding of what I might be able to contribute to The
Rockefeller Foundation,
I was born in the Roaring Twenties of a hard-working father and an artist
mother, both possessed of a magnificent sense of humor. I was reared in the
heartland on the Protestant ethic and such homilies as "Finish the Job,"
"Neither a Borrower Nor a Lender Re," "Cleanliness Is Nexl to Godliness."
I remember my mother feeding stray dogs and cats and itinerant hoboes while

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 simultaneously lecturing them on the virtues of hard work. My first heroic
figure was the family general practitioner—a German immigrant named
George Klinkerfuess—and at the age of eight I decided I wanted to be a doc-
tor. I graduated from Harvard by the skin of my teeth in 1947; my happiest
moments were spent playing the piano in a band, taking a course in Shakes-
peare's comedies, and performing on various athletic teams. Pre-medicine
was all hard science—no social science, no humanities were required—a
deficiency which I do not understand to this day.
I graduated from the Washington University (St. Louis) School of Medi-
cine in 1951 and interned at the Massachusetts General Hospital where I was
to spend the next 20 years. My second heroic figure was Barry Wood, profes-
sor of Medicine at Washington University, who taught me the Socratic method
of teaching and learning. From 1953 to 19551 was assigned to the Portsmouth
Naval Hospital in Virginia where I learned that even in the tightest bureauc-
racy it was possible to accomplish something as long as your energies were
directed to problem solving and not complaining. In 1958 I studied respira-
tory physiology at the University of Rochester where I met my third and fourth
heroicfigures,Wallace Fenn and Hermann Rahn, who taught me the beauties
of the scientific method and infected me with their own passionate commit-
ment, as true scientists, to the quest for knowledge. I then returned to the
Massachusetts General Hospital where I practiced and taught medicine and
conducted research for the next four years until 1962 when I was named
General Director. My fifth heroicfigure,Dr. Edward D. Churchill, professor
of surgery ai Harvard and chief of surgery at the Massachusetts General
Hospital taught me the pleasures of reaching outside the field of medicine for
added perspective on one's own field, the proper use of the English language
(a subscription to the London Times Literary Supplement proved invaluable),
and the political intricacies of the MGH. My library began to expand to
encompass literary criticism, history, and the social sciences.
From 1962 to 1972 I served as General Director of the MGH. It was at this
juncture that I learned that what one privately agrees on with one's colleagues
can have a devastating but frequently beneficial effect when said publicly. I
was appalled at the lack of understanding of the unique position and contribu-
tion of the urban teaching hospital—its costs, its manpower problems, its buf-
feting by a multiplicity of private and public forces, near and afar, its disor-
ganization internally. The administrative experience was intense to say the
least, and our efforts mounted to articulate the institution with the public inter-
est. We must have done something right for, between 1962 and 1972, the
bottom line showed that our annual donors had increased from 10,000 to
100,000 and our annual gifts from $250,000 to $4 million.
Three episodes punctuated a lovely decade at the MGH. On afishingtrip

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

in 1963, I took along a book entitled The House of Intellect by Jacques
Barzun with the statement on the jacket: "How intellect, the prime force in
Western civilization, is being destroyed by our culture in the name of art,
science and philanthropy." It is a book of ideas, beautifully expressed. For
me, the experience was a revelation.
The second episode was going to Vietnam in 1967 at the request of the State
Department and President Johnson to report on the state of health of the
civilian population. During the month before we left I read everything I could
about the history and culture of Vietnam and the Southeast Asian peninsula
that hinges India and China. I kept a daily diary and was able to convert an
unbelievably rigorous emotional experience into "conscious thought." I had
never forgotten Andre Malraux's answer to the question of how to make the
best of one's life, which was to "convert one's experience into conscious
thought."
The third episode was my five-month sojourn with the Nixon Administra-
tion when the then Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, Robert Finch,
attempted to have me appointed his Assistant Secretary for Health and Scien-
tific Affairs. This experience allowed me to look objectively at democracy
in action—and I capitalized on the experience by enlarging my library on
American history, particularly the period between the watershed of the 1890*s
to the present. It was during this time that I learned the pleasures of under-
standing at least partially where our country stood as of 1970—through the
eyes of Commager, Hofsladter, Lcrner, Leuchtenberg, Arthur Link, John
Blum, Mark Sullivan, James MacGregor Burns, and Arthur Sehlesinger, Jr.—
to say nothing of Teddy White. The experience stimulated me to take a year
as a part-time fellow in the Kennedy Institute of Politics al Harvard so I could
learn more about public policy and public management. I had been heavily
involved in it for ten years so why not convert it into "conscious thought"?
I had, after all, survived a remarkable decade.
The turbulence of the America of the 1960's reflected a new level of
rational and sometimes irrational groping for a new order of life. It was
a decade of upheaval—individual, institutional, political, economic, and
moral upheaval. By the end of the decade, the country was exhausted by
one shock after another, and seemed transiently to be on the ropes. It was an
age of anxiety and violence, and as one social critic said, the "onset of the
negotiating society'"—one in which traditional ways of doing things were dis-
rupted as women, blacks and other minorities, homosexuals, members of the
armed forces, students, welfare recipients, and prison inmates, to name but
a few. challenged traditional values and the power structures thai purveyed
those values, demanding and obtaining a rethinking of those values and a
redistribution of that power. The relative success of sueh confrontation

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© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 attested to a general public awareness of and sympathy for the deprivations
of minority groups and a willingness to review traditional American values.
There was also the larger, vaguely perceived feeling that centralized, deper-
sonalized, technical, machine control by the bureaucracies of government,
big business, or private institutions had to be changed—and local, personal
control of one's existence recaptured. Although the established religions con-
tinued to decline in their influence in the community, a religious revival of sorts
bespoke the search of many for meaning and significance in their lives.
The public mood was one of fear in some quarters; anger, frustration and
despair in others; or, worst of all, alienation and apathy. Yet extremist
groups abounded, bringing to mind William Butler Yeats:

Things fall apart; the center cannot hold;

Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world....
The best lack all conviction, while the worst
Are full of passionate intensity.

The cause of the disease was easily identified but seemingly impossible to
remedy—namely a massive scientific and technological machine run wild.
Things were in the saddle, not the individual man—things which could wipe
out entire populations with the bang of a nuclear bomb or the whimper of
unchecked population growth—things which dehumanized individuals and
left them powerless to control inexorable forces shaping their lives.
Progress was no longer inevitable and people began to feel thai what they
did would not affect or shape their futures. The goods of unbridled industrial
expansion were accompanied by the bads of environmental pollution and the
exhaustion of finite natural resources. Trends of global concern were being
investigated for their interrelationship and their implications for the future
of our planet: accelerated industrial expansion, rapid population growth,
depletion of nonrenewable resources, environmental pollution, and malnu-
trition. The computer-based model could only conclude that civilization would
collapse of its own weight—if growth in industrial production and in popula-
tion continued at its present rates. Food available per capita would ultimately
diminish, natural resources would be depleted, obsolescence of plant and
equipment would prove irretrievable, and population would diminish rapidly
because of starvation and disease, if global warfare had not already inter-
vened. The Maltlmsian decline would begin about the year 2020.
With all the comforts and luxuries of an advanced industrial country, the
American people appeared to be dispirited, to have lost their faith in them-
selves and in the direction of their country. Glutted with consumer p;oods and
bombarded by the mass media all stressing the {wul life of endless con-
sumption, the increased time available for leisure and recreation found

5
© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation
many Americans confused, guilt-ridden, and frankly unhappy with them-
selves. Leisure time was used for the mindless distraction of television or
brooding-dark introspection. Schopenhauer said that there are two basic
sources of unhappiness: not having what you want: and having it. Happiness
and the full life lie in the challenges and struggles, and the modern American
either had everything or was overwhelmed with the magnitude of problems
and retreated to apathy.
Some of the confusion characteristic of the age and of the values in an
advanced, industrial society dedicated to increased consumption and growth
is illustrated by the following Associated Press news item:

Instant riches came to the family two years ago in the form of
a $200,000 inheritance. Today they were back where they started—"We
blew it,** said Mrs. .
The spending spree was two years in the making, according to Mrs.
, a mother of four who lives with her husband in a rented house
near Los Angeles harbor.
"We waited two long years for the attorneys to haggle, and the Govern-
ment to get its share, and my sister to make claims against it," she said.
"But when itfinallycame, it really wore us out spending it. We were just
exhausted."
The money, bequeathed by the father of Mrs. , went for a variety
of items.
"We bought cars and motorcycles for the two boys, and a truck, and a
$2,000 hi-fi with all the components, and clothes, and we put a down pay-
ment on a house, and the girls and I all had our teeth capped, and I had my
breasts lifted," Mrs. said,
"And, oh yes, we bought ski equipment. And we traveled, we put 200,000
miles on one of the cars in one year. And we all saw psychiatrists."
In contrast to the misfortunes of some contest winners catapulted into
unexpected problems when they suddenly become wealthy, the
family was united by the inheritance.
"It was the first time in our lives that we really worked and planned
together," Mrs. recalled.

An uplifting experience—a technological glut of consumer goods on a back-

ground of travel, Freud, and sexual improvement—and thefirsttime a family
had "worked and planned together."
Science and technology had created the new age of turbulent concern char-
acterized by transience and impermancnce, a new individual and collective
self-consciousness, a rapidity of change that required new insight and under-
standing, new institutions, new values. All seemed pitifully slow in coming.

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 These were some of the thoughts in my head when I received the invitation,
last year, to become President of The Rockefeller Foundation.
Now, what have we been doing since July 5, 1972? I shall not tell you of
the hours spent with each member of the staff, the incredible number of inter-
ruptions, all conspiring against sustained thought, and the occasional outside
supplicants who thought thai, at this stage of my life, I was unable to distin-
guish between shadow and substance.
Our most important attempts to date center around developing a coherent
policy with clearly defined ends. Let me describe some elements of our think-
ing as it has evolved over the past several months.
First of all, the strength of the Foundation resides in the wisdom, intelli-
gence, and intellectual capacity of its staff. These three quite disparate ele-
ments are all for naught if they are not combined with a passionate commit-
ment, sustained by driving energy. But how do we maintain our intellectual
capacity, overcome the inevitable isolation of foundation life, survive the
continuous pressures on our integrity due to the stultifying effects of reading
tons of material each year, all the while being told how beautiful we are? In
short, how can we stay alive intellectually?
Secondly, how do we know whether we are doing a good job or not? We
have no constituency save for the disgruntled majority who don't gel our
support. (Over 7,000 grant requests a year are turned down while roughly 550
are supported.) How can we obtain an objective view of ourselves? What i?
the most appropriate paradigm of evaluation? How do we establish our priori-
tics? How do we know that we arc doing what we're supposed to be doing?
Who will tell us honestly, realizing that we can get only so far with reviewing;
ourselves and outsiders may not wish to square with us for fear of losing
potential support! We are intellectual and social venture capital. Have we
taken risks and failed, or succeeded? Should we be criticized for doing things
which involve no risk, no turmoil, and yet are not being done by anyone else?
How much of our funds should be channeled through other institutions versus
support of our own field staff? How fast are our successful innovations insti-
tutionalized, turned over to public and private support and expanded while
we go on in advance of the conventional wisdom?
Thirdly, the present atomized, departmental approach of categorized indi-
viduals lias us all confused. The House of Intellect crumbles as every expert
lives in glorious isolation without moral commitment to the whole. Isn't it
time \vc indulged in integrated planning and approaches to the worldV prob-
lems and finally admitted that science and the technological fix is only a part
of the solution to the problems? The pill and the I. U. I), are fine but who should
u*e them, for what purposes, and what are the social, economic, moral, and
cultural determinants of population control? Tho same can be said of increased

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

food production. Thefirstphase was the Green Revolution. The second phase
involves its effect on nutrition, family size, jobs, rural-urban migration, em-
ployment, land reform, distribution of income, cultural values—and we
shouldn't duck these issues. Science and technology without moral ordering
of their priorities and full anticipation of their effects exist in a dehumanized,
amoral void.
Fourth, where will the people trained to manage the complexities of the
modern world come from?
Fifth, with the success of the Stockholm conference on the environment,
with the view we obtained of our small, lonely, blue planet hanging in the giant
black void, with the effects of instant communication and jet travel—may not
the time be ripe once again to intensify efforts for world order, world peace,
and the effective reduction of conflict?
I am sure of only a few things at the moment:
Foundations have a magnificent opportunity to maintain the richness of
pluralism and heterodoxy which has strengthened our national life and to
contribute heavily to social melioration if they have the wit and intellectual
capacity to do it. If they don't, I really don't know exactly who will do it
outside central government—and I, for one, am not prepared to settle for
complete state control yet.
Secondly, there will be one future for the world or none at all—and The
Rockefeller Foundation is uniquely equipped to stand up and say so in the
current era of neo-isolationism.
Thirdly, the arts and humanities will receive increasing attention with spe-
cial reference to the moral basis of scientific and technical decisions. We will
focus on defined population groups here and abroad with an integrated ap-
proach involving the full participation of experts in economics, public health
and nutrition, population planning and demography, agriculture, and edu-
cation—always with the steadying hand of the artist and humanist for they
will tell us better than we can ourselves who we are and how we're doing. In
the process, we may be able to plug a few leaks in and strengthen the foun-
dation of the House of Intellect with style, that is, with the ability to reach
our ends with the least expenditure of energy, and with creativity, that is,
the ability to evoke effective surprise.

THE GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

To clarify these ideas, a program committee of Trustees W.HR appointed

in December, 1972—to conduct a formal review of the overall program and
policies of the RF since 1958. What follows is a summary of the major
themes that have emerged. When our deliberations are completed we will
make them public as a Special Report to the American people.

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 On the international scene, malnutrition, rapid population growth, ill-
health, unemployment and abject poverty, ignorance, and inadequate edu-
cational and training opportunities continue to plague the less-developed
countries. The gap between developed and developing countries continues to
widen, and despite the miracles of the Green Revolution, population growth
outstrips the increase in food production. Rapid urbanization finds large
segments of the population without vital human services. The actual incidence
of conflict within and among nations has increased, while the potential for
major conflict expands in the race for economic development and the resultant
competition for increasingly scarce natural resources. In the United States,
support for the United Nations and United States AID has wavered. For the
RF, all this would indicate that the Conquest of Hunger Program be main-
tained and strengthened, with special emphasis on the "second generation"
problems of the Green Revolution: distribution of food, nutritional status,
rural-urban migration, employment, income distribution, land reform, and
rural development— with specific reference to the plight of the small farmer.
More attention should be directed to defined populations in rural areas of
the less-developed countries by interdisciplinary teams specifically concerned
with health and nutritional status, population problems, education and train-
ing, and economic development.
At the same time, there remain technical and scientific problems related
to agriculture and human nutrition, the solutions to which the Foundation
should continue to pursue. These include animal diseases such as trypanoso-
miasis in Africa, the legumes as a prime source of protein for human con-
sumption, to name just a few.
The University Development Program is likely to remain a vital interest
of the Foundation with increasing emphasis on education for national and
regional development. More attention might well be paid to the continuum
of primary, secondary, and higher education and to more rapid utilization of
knowledge for improving the quality of life of the people of the developing
countries. In addition to its traditional interests in the social sciences, medi-
cine, and agriculture, should the RF not consider increased emphasis on the
development of the arts and humanities in the universities where the Founda-
tion works? New types of eurricular development should be explored with
the goal of relating the educational process more clearly and directly to the
problems of the people.
A small, exploratory program in Conflict Resolution and International
Affairs is being considered. The times arc pressing. SufuVe il to say that the
world spends .$200 billion annually on arms and $8 billion for aid to the
(leu'lopinp; countries. A number of events indicate that this may be a particu-
larly propitious lime for increased (and renewed) attention to this field.

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 The Population Program will remain a significant interest of the Founda-
tion, but with increased emphasis on the social, economic, moral, and cultural
determinants of population growth and on educational as contrasted with
purely technological services. We will increase our efforts in the support
of such work in the developing countries.
On the domestic scene, we will continue to focus on the development of
centers of excellence in reproductive biology and population problems with
a prime emphasis on developing the sorely needed scientific and administrative
leaders of tomorrow. Integration of population programs with medical edu-
cation will be stimulated. Humanistic (philosophical and ethical) concerns
surrounding population controls will need stressing.

THE SCENE AT HOME

In the United States, major issues are those of inequality of opportunity

reflected in inadequate access to education and training, health, and legal
services. Chronic unemployment, abysmal health statistics, lack of civil rights,
gross injustice to minority groups, steadily increasing crime rates, inequality
in the distribution of income and wealth, and rising welfare rolls remain grind-
ing problems of catastrophic proportions. Massive federal programs initiated
during the Great Society movement of the 1960's have accomplished much
good, but the electorate seems reluctant to vote for their conlinuanee, as social
degeneration and inexorably rising taxes seem to outstrip social melioration.
Our traditional belief in inevitable progress through science and technology
is fading rapidly as we confront mounting pollution, urban decay, crime, and
persistent inequality.
As an industrial civilization turns the corner and become^ a service society,
we find ourselves poorly equipped economically and politically to save our-
selves through effective social action. The complexities of managing gov-
ernment at all levels and of the development of an equitable social policy
find us poorly equipped to relate economic, lepal, political, moral, and cul-
tural concerns to the human behavior of an ethnically and racially diverse
population.
All service "industries" (health, environment, government) suffer from
a Jack of excellence in administration. As the 1960's shade into the 1970's,
America may be in the process of rediscovering herself as manifested by the
youth movement, the recognition of the persistence of cultural pluralism, and
the increasing perception that moral and ethical concerns are of prime im-
portance to the decision-making process.
The Foundation cannot cover the waterfront of scientific and social prob-
lems, bul it must seek to be, knowledgeable about the particulars of social
movements and change and to understand their significance, Tin's will require

10

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 a small group of individuals who constantly monitor major social and cultural
movements, have up-to-date knowledge of state and federal programs, and
detailed knowledge of economic research as it relates specifically to human
rights and services.
A common thread is the need for more effective development of leaders in
public policy and management (at both the national and international level)
who understand and can relate the complexities of social melioration and
human behavior to the political process.
The Foundation cannot afford to relax its historic commitment to Equal
Opportunity and specifically to the eradication of poverty and injustice among
minority groups with special attention to blacks—the number one example
of gross oppression by white America. We are actively exploring the possibil-
ities of a major addition in rural-urban development in the South—and we
hope during 1973 to present new approaches to the reduction of the social
and economic injustice suffered by blacks over two centuries of American
life. We will also look for opportunities—albeit on a much smaller scale—
among other minority groups: Chicanos, Indians, women, children, the "white
ethnics'*—Mexican-Americans should not be doomed to relive the black ex-
perience and successful resolution of either problem could help solve the
other.
The arts and humanities tell us who we are, who we have been, where we
are disjointed, and what we might become. The perceptual and expressive
concerns of the arts must become more central to general education. The
moral and ethical concerns of the humanities must weave a thread through
all our deliberations—both in our daily work and in our ultimate decisions
as to who and what we support. There is a significant ground swell of interest
and concern at all levels and age groups of our country (and the world) with
the moral ordering of our priorities as a people and a nation. The Foundation
must foster and encourage the movement to understand and rediscover our-
selves—our historic beliefs and values, our diversity, our very purpose. The
RF could play a vital role in an area which many foundations, universities,
and Government have shunned.
The Quality of the Environment Program is undergoing intensive study even
as national and international concern is mounting in this area of ultimate
human concern.

Finally, I believe we are all either tired or bored with the doctrinaire ap-
proaches of the far right and far left. We are in the process of re-discoverinp;
and re-defining America. We need to be ro-energizcd with the hope and faith
that is based on the recognition of the real advances we enjoyed in the .sixties.

11

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

We deserve to have our heads up, and we should always remember the words
of William James: "Damn the absolute!"
The truth is, after all, plural and contingent, never fixed and absolute,
and is forever in the making.
Let me finish with a quote from Waldemar Nielsen's book. I do so un-
ashamedly because I can say I had no responsibility for the events which led
to his conclusions. Is it necessary to add that the mass media did not use this
quote in informing the American people of the book's contents? Nielsen states:

No institution., of course, can be all things to all men. Its quality has to
be measured not by some theoretical standard of perfection but by com-
parison with other institutions. By this test The Rockefeller Foundation has
been a great foundation: it has set high standards for itself; it has preserved
its integrity; it has persevered in its efforts to fulfill its objectives; and it
has major achievements to its credit. Indeed, judged by the magnitude of its
contributions to human well-being over the years, The Rockefeller Founda-
tion has accumulated an unrivaled record. In many ways it has been the
standard against which the other "modern" foundations have measured
themselves.

I can only hope that the next generation's historians will be able to say the
same ihings—fortissimo, not sotto voce.

JOHN H. KNOWLES. M.D.

President

April 4,1973

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2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

CONQUEST OF HUNGER

"Improving

the Prospects of

the Poorest"

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

IVXore than two-thirds of the world's people live in the poorer nations—
most of them depend on subsistence farming for a marginal livelihood. Aver-
age incomes are extremely low; most farms are small, some of them are
fragmented; opportunities for education, health care, and other amenities
are extremely limited. Rural people in these countries must glean an exist-
ence from long impoverished soils, using seed and production techniques
largely unchanged from centuries past. Because of rapidly expanding popu-
lations, isolation, and the lack of opportunity, farm people, particularly the
young, continue to move in large numbers to already overcrowded cities.
Those who remain produce little for the urban markets. Because of scant
cash income, they are unable to purchase the products of urban industry,
thus stifling development of domestic markets and of job opportunities in
the cities. Consequently, the talents and energies of rural dwellers, which
represent a vast potential contribution to development, are not engaged in
the tough struggle of nation building.
For 30 years The Rockefeller Foundation has worked at the improvement
of farm productivity in the developing countries. It continues to do so in the
belief that its contribution will improve the future prospects of large num-
bers of the poorest of the world's poor.

ASSISTANCE TO SMALL FARMERS

While available evidence indicates that use of high-yielding varieties oi
rice, wheat, and maize in Asia and the Middle East has in fad reached
mostly small farmers, it seems clear that in some areas and some countries
new strategies will be needed for farmers with small holdings. Technology
itself is as useful for small farms as it is for large holdings, and is generally
termed "scale neutral." On the other hand, conventional extension practices,
availability of credit, and the supply of crucial fertilizers and pesticides
are often denied the small farmer. Institutions and policies have tended to
favor the larger farms operated on a cash basis.
Believing that strategies could be identified to bring benefits of rapidly
advancing technology to bear on great numbers of small farms, the Founda-
tion has supported several specific efforts on an exploratory basis. The widely
known Puebla Project in Mexico, designed to assist some 50,000 families,
continued to receive Foundation support (through the International Maize
and Wheat Improvement Center) durinp; the year ns it reached the final
stages of its usefulness as an experiment. Simultaneously, the Foundation
has assisted the Foundation for the Promotion of Cooperatives in El Salvador
under Father Jose Romeo Macda. which involves some 12.000 families. The
International Rice Research Institute, with special Foundation funds, has

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 undertaken—in cooperation with agencies in the Philippines—a three-year
program to identify ways to speed the utilization of high-yielding technology
by rice farmers not having access to water for irrigation.
Recognizing that Japan has been particularly successful in maintaining a
high density of rural population while achieving crop yields among the high-
est in the world, the Foundation provided modest funds for studies, by author-
ities in Japan and at the University of Minnesota, of Japanese organization
and methods. This information could be of substantial value to other countries
facing problems similar to those which Japan faced two or three decades ago.

TECHNOLOGY FOR INTENSIVE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

The improvement of income of rural people will, in most areas of the
world, require substantial gains in farm productivity. This, in turn, will
require the development of improved crop varieties and animal species,
adapted to the conditions of the regions in which they will be used. The
Foundation continues to emphasize the application of science to the develop-
ment of improved technology for the developing countries, with particular
emphasis on the basic food crops—the cereal grains, root crops, food leg-
umes, beef, and swine.
In 1972 the Foundation continued to support the highly effective activities
of several international agricultural research and training centers which the
Ford and Rockefeller Foundations created in the 1960's in cooperation with
the host governments concerned. These include the International Rice Re-
search Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines, the International Maize and Wheat
Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Mexico, the International Center of
Tropical Agricultural (CIAT) in Colombia, and the International Institute
of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Nigeria. The Foundation in 1972 pro-
vided some $2,970,000 toward the core support of these institutions out of
a total of some 115 million being provided by international banks, founda-
tions, and national assistance agencies.
The Rockefeller Foundation has maintained an active interest and par-
ticipation in the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research,
recently organized by the World Bank in consultation with the Development
Programme and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na-
tions, This consortium of interested donors, now numbering some 29 govern-
ments, foundations, and international agencies, was successful in November
1972 in marshaling more than $23 million for 1973 expenses of the original
four institutes plus costs of two important new renters, the International
Potato Center in Peru and the International Crops Research Institute for the
Semi-Arid Tropics in India. These institutes enable many nation* to obtain
help in organixin^ national programs and campaigns for improvement of

15

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

rice, corn, wheat, sorghum and millets, chick peas, pigeon peas, cowpeas,
and field beans. Work on cassava,fieldbeans, beef, swine, rice, and corn for
South America is under way at CIAT. IITA is concentrating on yams, sweet
potatoes, cowpeas, and chick peas for the humid tropics; rice and corn for
Africa; and new means of managing crops and soils to permit replacing the
ancient and unproductive systems of "slash and burn" agriculture.
The Rockefeller Foundation continued in 1972 to support a special pro-
gram of improvement of wheat headquartered in Turkey with emphasis on
cold, hardy winter wheats and practices associated with items for use in the
low rainfall areas typical of large sections of the Middle East. Cooperating
in this effort are Oregon State University and CIMMYT. In Asia the Foun-
dation continued to provide modest support for an Inter-Asian Corn Improve-
ment Program serving some 10 nations; its headquarters are at Kasetsart
University in Bangkok.
A Foundation sorghum improvement specialist has been assigned to Beirut
to work with national programs throughout the Middle East-North Africa
region. Grants for work on this crop also continued in 1972 at the University
of Nebraska and at the East African Agriculture and Forestry Research
Organization.
The Foundation's former International Potato Improvement Project, head-
quartered in Mexico, became a pail during the year of the activities of the
International Potato Center in Peru. One of the Project's completed activities
was a three-year program of assistance to Pakistan.
In cooperation with agricultural authorities of North America and Europe,
international donor agencies, and the developing nations, Foundation staff
continued the study of need for additional international centers or programs
which would permit each of the developing nations to have access to technol-
ogy and training facilities required for the improvement of its own agricul-
ture. Considering that the technology must be specifically adapted for every
season of every region of every nation, the task ahead for the world agri-
cultural community is indeed massive and complex. Only a beginning has
been made, but some of the more immediate needs of some nations have
been met.

GERMPLASM
During the past 30 years The Rockefeller Foundation, in cooperation with
many others, has been involved in the collection, evaluation, and maintenance
of collections of the world's major food crops. Thousands of strains of rice.
wheat, corn, sorghum, millets, and other crops have now been brought to-
gether in storage and are in use by scientists at many national and inter-
national centers. During 1972 the Foundation made funds available to

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 CIMMYT for the collection of additional wheat and corn varieties from
areas not adequately sampled or where advances of the Green Revolution are
rapidly replacing native strains. Additional funds went to IRRI for similar
purposes for rice and to the University of Illinois for assistance with sorghum
and millets.

NUTRITION
Many of the Foundation's activities over the years have been concerned
with the health and nutrition of people in the poorer areas of the developing
countries. The entire agricultural effort of the Foundation is in a sense de-
signed to contribute to both improved diets and the increased incomes which
permit families to diversify and increase food intake.
Considering that 50 percent of the world's protein for food is contributed
by cereal grains, the Foundation has assisted a number of international insti-
tutes, universities in the developing countries, and other centers to develop
capabilities of identifying crop strains high both in total protein and in
nutritional value of that protein. During the past year programs related to
this goal were supported at the Australian National University, at the Uni-
versity of Valle in Colombia, at Kasetsart University in Thailand, and at
Washington State University. Studies of protein malnutrition in infants and
preschool children were supported at the University of Chile, and Mahidol
University, in Thailand, received Foundation funds for support of nutri-
tional activities' as part of its community health program.

LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
During 1972 scholarships and fellowships in the agricultural sciences
were awarded to some 40 persons from 11 countries to permit them to receive
advanced training at universities in the United States, in Mexico, the Philip-
pines, and other countries. The total awards for advanced training of agri-
cultural specialists passed the 1,700 mark in 1972. The increasing number
of trained people in the less-developed nations of the world lias in recent
years permitted the establishment of international professional associations
to link authorities in various institutions. Tlie Foundation provided Tiiodest
support for the Secretariat of the Latin American Association of Plant Science
and the recently organized Association for the Advancement of Agricultural
Sciences in Africa.
Selective support has also been given to emerging centers of graduate
study in I he developing countries, primarily through the Foundation's Uni-
versity Development Program devscrihed elsewhere, This includes assistance
to the University of Ibadan in Nigeria: the universities of Makerere and
Nairobi in East Africa: Kasetsart University in Thailand, and (lie University

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© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

of the Philippines. In addition, Foundation support has permitted—on an
experimental basis—joint training at the Ph.D. level by the Indian Agricul-
tural Research Institute and the International Rice Research Institute. Mex-
ico's graduate School of Agriculture at Chapingo continues to receive Foun-
dation support of its efforts to develop Latin America's first strong institution
granting the Ph.D. degree in agricultural sciences. Support at a modest level
continued to go to the Indian Agricultural Research Institute in New Delhi,
an institution which has had Foundation assistance since its organization
some 15 years ago.

GRANTS AND PROGRAMS APPROVED IN 1972

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS

Field Staff 8883,640
Publications 37,190
International Conferences 30,990
S951,820

AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY: modification of amino acid composition of plants by
mutation. $14,720.

CHILE
UNIVERSITY OF CHILE: protein malnutrition research in infants and preschool children under
the direction of Dr. Fernando Monckeberg, 87.500.

COLOMBIA
INTERNATIONAL CENTER OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURE: completion nf headquarters facilities,
82,075,195;

UNIVERSITY OK VALLE: improvement of protein quality in food plants, S33,000,

COSTA RICA
INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: operation of the Secretariat of the
Latin American Association of Plant Science, 815,000.

EL SALVADOR
FOUNDATION FOK THE DEVELOPMENT 01- COOI»EKATIVES: increase of agricultural productivity
among small landholders. $97,415,

ETHIOPIA
ASSOCIATION FOR THK ADVANCEMENT or Ar.iucui.TiwAL SUKM:I> IN AFRICA: operating costs
of the wcrt'tarint, §15.000.

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 INDIA
INDIAN AGRICULTURAL PROGRAM : administrative and operating costs, support to the All-India
Coordinated Rice Improvement Project, and other approved projects, $135.000.

KENYA
EAST AFRICAN AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY RESEARCH ORGANIZATION: improvement of the
yield, grain quality, and protein value of sorghum, $45,000.

UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI: increase of protein quality in fish, §7,900.

MEXICO
INTERNATIONAL MAIZE AND WHEAT IMPROVEMENT CENTER:
International Potato Improvement Project:
Operating costs of the Mexican Regional Program of the Internationa] Potato Center,
Peru, $137,625;
Operation of an accelerated potato production program in West Pakistan and an in-
service training program in Mexico, $16,200;
Separation payments to employees in Mexico, $12,200;
Equipment for evaluation of environmental differences that influence potato growth,
$10,000;
Cooperative work between the Toluca Valley experiment station and the International
Potato Improvement Project in Mexico, 85,000.
Promotion of increased production of maize in an area of high population density in the
State of Puebla, S73.326.

NATIONAL SCHOOL OK AGRICULTURE:

Development of graduate work at the Ph.D. level, $60,000.

PHILIPPINES
INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE:
Completion of the collection of the world germplasm of rice, 828.620;
Experimental program to increase the productivity of disadvantaged Asian rice farmers.
823,400;
Joint Ph.D. training program with the Indian Agricultural Research Institute. $17.725.

SUDAN
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CORPORATION: equipment for wheat improvement program, 85.700.

TAIWAN
JOINT COMMISSION ON HPHAI. RECONSTRUCTION: Taiwan Fisheries- Kes-e.iirli Infinite's- pro-
pram on fish ecology and management. $25.000.

THAILAND
KASKTSAHT UNIVERSITY: improvement of protein in riee. 81.-100.

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MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY:
Research on the relationships between malnutrition and resistance to infection, $10,000;
Department of Biochemistry, applied nutrition research program, $14,000;
Research in the Department of Pathology on aflotoxin-producing molds, §13,700.

TURKEY
WHEAT IMPROVEMENT PROJECT IN THE MIDDLE EAST:
Salaries of the breeder and pathologist, §62,000;
Local recurrent expenses, 855,300;
Supplies and equipment, §41,340;
Program support of staff members, §9,600.

UNITED KINGDOM
OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE, England: research program to be conducted with the
University of Reading designed to develop improved administrative methods and institu-
tions for agricultural development, $15,000.

UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, Scotland: trypanosomiasis research, $15,000.

UNITED NATIONS FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION

Pilot for a computerized agricultural research information system, §15,000;
Symposium on nutritional improvement of food legumes, $2,500.

UNITED STATES
ASSOCIATES OF THE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY, Maryland: to assist visiting scholars,
$5,000,

ATLANTIC COUNCIL OF THE UNITED STATES, District of Columbia: study on "U. S. Agriculture
in a World Context," $25,000.

CORNELL UNIVERSITY, New York: research on cold tolerance in maize, $15,000.

EAST-WEST CENTER, Hawaii: study by East-West Food Institute offisheries-relatedproblems

of the Pacific region, $4,800.

GORDON RESEARCH CONFERENCES, Rhode Island: Conference on plant cell and tissue culture,
84,000.

INDIANA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION: research on electrolyte transport in the small intestine

aimed at lowering infant mortality due to nonspecific diarrhea. $12,150.

KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY: research on intergeneric crosses involving wheat, barley, and
oats, §12,000.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OK TECHNOLOGY: establishment and operation of an international

nutrition planning and training; center to experiment witli tin1 development of an integrated
approach to nutrition plnnninp winch may be helpful to nation? most in need of it, §230,000.

MICHIGAN STATK UNIVEHSITY: comparative study of vole and rat bioassuy$ for dietary protein
quality, 816,500.

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 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, District of Columbia: study of efficiency of agricultural
production in the United States, $50,000.

NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY: research on rice blast disease, $10,000.

SAINT Louis UNIVERSITY, Missouri: equipment for the Anemia and Malnutrition Research
Center, University of Chiang Mai, Thailand, $31,700.

STANFORD UNIVERSITY, California: research on the economic, cultural, and technical deter-
minants of change in tropical African agriculture. $14.600.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA :
Davis
Study of hybridization of plants, $14,940;

Riverside
Research on rooting behavior and nematode control in wheat production, $40.000.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS: support of a long-range project in the Crop Evolution Laboratory

to collect, classify, and preserve the world germplasm of sorghum and millets, $13,500.

UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA:
Research under the direction of its Economic Development Center on "Technology. Institu-
tions, and Development: Minnesota Agriculture. 1880-1970." $13,000:
Study of small farms in Japan. $12,900.

UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN :
Research to increase yield and adaption of cultivated tetraploid potatoes $15.000:
Research on ".Mirroecimomic Derision*. a»H the Long-Run Development of Agriculture."
$5.065.

UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY: assistance to its College of Agriculture in range und Im^tuok it--
search projects in the State of Zaealeeas, Mexico. .$2.500.

WASHINGTON' STATE UNIVERSITY: research on nutritional qualities <>f major cereal crops.
$15.000.

21

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation
PROBLEMS OF POPULATION

"Underfinanced,

Understaffed,

and Overburdened"

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 p.
opulation specialists continue to pursue three basic goals whose conjunc-
tion is seen as the best hope of keeping man's numbers from making the
earth uninhabitable: to gain a better understanding of human reproduction
so as to develop better means of fertility control; to broaden perspectives
on the social, economic, and psychological forces that move people to restrict
family size; and to translate this information into practical policy and action.
The Rockefeller Foundation is supporting several related avenues of approach
to these objectives, notably a series of special fellowships for outstanding
researchers in reproductive biology in addition to grants to university depart-
ments and laboratories for work in this field. The Foundation also makes
grants to individuals and to institutions for relevant studies in the social
sciences, and makes awards for research, training, and community service
in family planning both in the United States and abroad. Work in public
education and diffusion of information is also being given support, as are
several important projects devoted to evaluation of ongoing or recently ter-
minated programs.

RESEARCH IN REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Population control, for all the progress it has made, is still handicapped
by its rudimentary technology. The contraceptive measures most commonly
used—ihe anovulant pill and the intrauterine coil—have serious drawbacks,
especially for large-scale public programs in developing areas, which are
usually underfinanced, understaffed, and overburdened. Discovery of a simple,
safe, inexpensive, acceptable birth control technique is probably the greatest
hope for achieving a rapid and dramatic breakthrough in fertility control.
Studies in reproductive biology are currently going forward in many uni-
versities and research centers with funding from national and private sources.
One major effort is being sponsored by the Population Council, whose Inter-
national Committee for Contraceptive Research is screening developments
in a worldwide intensive program which got under way last year with Foun-
dation sponsorship and this year received continued support.
The Foundation again this year provided support for reproductive bio-
logy research and training at university centers in the United States and
elsewhere, particularly where an outstanding scientist or research group is
doing pioneering work or where the grant will serve to build up the research
potential of a department of obstetrics-gynecology. A few distinguished cen-
ters devoted exclusively to studies in reproductive biology, like the Harvard
Laboratory of Human Reproduction and Reproductive Biology, are also
receiving support. A grant made to Harvard this year will underwrite research
expenses of a team to be installed at the Laboratory starting in 1973; the

24

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 sixth major research group to be associated with the Laboratory, it will work
on hypothalamic-releasing hormones, ovarian function, steroid binding recep-
tor proteins, and the formation of estrogens in the brain.
Many of the grants made to institutions subsidize an original approach
or line of investigation not likely to be eligible for funds from conventional
sources. A grant to the University of Pennsylvania supports a well-advanced
project in reproductive endocrinology involving artificial inhibition of tes-
ticular and ovarian steroid hormones which may lead to new approaches to
preventing conception. Another group, at the University of Pennsylvania's
Monell Chemical Senses Center, received support for research on the chemi-
cal signals and messengers known to be involved in animal mating and con-
ception and on possible analogs in human fertility. Powerful new techniques
of chemical analysis may permit more precise characterization of subtle
vestigia] changes in the human ovarian cycle and thus lead to a simple
means of recognizing fertile and infertile intervals. Bristol University in
England received support for the establishment of a research team focus-
ing on the immune mechanisms that operate at different stages of the repro-
ductive process. More exact knowledge of these reactions might permit
extremely precise contraceptive intervention, which would be safer than
such relatively crude methods as suppression of ovulation, with its frequent
side effects.

SPECIAL FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM

This year seven special research awards were made, in a projected series
designed to recruit the exceptional investigator in the search for better fer-
tility curbs. The fellowships went to outstanding young scientists for projects
in reproductive biology: the program's dual purpose is to increase the num-
ber of people working in this field and to attract to it the highest order of
scientific talent. The awards are aimed at encouraging interests that fall
more or less outside the orthodox career-ladder framework. They represent
a timely response to the growing tendency among young scientists to look
for work that has visible relevance to today's pressing social problems as well
as inherent scientific challenge. They are aimed also at the man trained in
reproductive biology whose project interest may lie in a different field: the
special fellowship gives him a chance to take time ofT for an interval of inten-
sive work in nn adjacent discipline, which may result in new insights and
new approaches to research in human reproduction and contraceptive devel-
opment. The. fellowships also provide research and training opportunities
for rereni graduates in obstetrics and gynerology, offering them a stop-
ping stone toward academic careers as an alternative to private practice.
Strengthening obsleirics-gyneeology as an academic discipline is a long-

25

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

range goal toward which the Foundation has made significant contributions
in the past through grants to universities and medical schools throughout
the country.

GRANTS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

Increasing Foundation emphasis is being placed on support for research

in the social-science aspects of population problems. Short-lived successes
and near-failures of past programs, especially in developing countries, have
often been traced to a lack of understanding of how economic forces such
as income levels and social factors, women's opportunities and options, affect
overall population growth rates; or how family structure, cultural pressures,
and expectations for the future in terms of longevity, infant mortality, and
economic security, influence individual attitudes toward family size. Formula-
tion of public policy as well as the specifics of action and educational pro-
grams require an overview that the demographer, the economist, the sociolo-
gist, and specialists in related fields can help to sharpen.
Grants made in this area cover a broad band of research, training, and
action. A series of awards for individual studies of the social science and
legal aspects of population issues was continued in cooperation with the
Ford Foundation. This year 26 winning projects were announced, 8 of
them to be sponsored by The Rockefeller Foundation (see page 28). The
program is designed to encourage social science and legal scholars to turn
their minds to subjects that will cast light on some of the questions facing
policy makers and planners in such crucial areas as the relation between
population and laws relating to housing, property, education, and health;
international cooperation on population policies; possible economic effects
of zero population growth; effects of economic planning policies on migra-
tion and urbanization; the effects on population of changes in the status
and roles of women. This year the grantees come from seven countries and
represent 15 disciplines including law, political science, economics, psy-
chology, epidemiology, and city planning,
Also given support was a program of research and training at the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania's Population Studies Center, dealing with the little-
understood relationships between socioeconomic conditions and levels of
fertility in developing countries. The curriculum offers training in demog-
raphy, economics, political science, and sociology, and since a large num-
ber of the scholars are from the developing nations, new graduate courses
are being introduced which will stress the interrelations between population
dynamics and economic development. Graduate thesis research will also be
quilled into these channels so that students from developing areas will bo
better equipped to deal will) the problems facing their own nations.

26

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 Formulation of national population policy is the concern of a consortium
of eight population study groups from Latin American nations, known as
CLACSO (Commission for Population and Development of the Latin Ameri-
can Social Science Council), which this year launched a cooperative regional
program of social science research. Areas pinpointed as urgently needing
clarification in these countries include the relationships between population
growth, employment, and income distribution; the relationships between pop-
ulation growth, social stratification, and political instability; the economic,
social, and political implications of rapid urbanization resulting from farm-
to-city migration; and the social, cultural, economic, religious, and political
factors that influence decisions about family size. The group plans to sup-
port research on these questions in the cooperating countries, with a view
to influencing national policy makers. Training of more social scientists in
population analysis and policy formulation is also part of the platform.
The Colegio de Mexico, which is handling grants made to the consortium,
received Foundation funds this year for support of research costs for the
regional program. Participating research centers are in Brazil, Mexico,
Argentina, Colombia, and Chile; the United Nations Latin American Demo-
graphic Center, located in Santiago, will be the coordinating unit.

FAMILY PLANNING ASSISTANCE

Support for the organization and operation of family planning centers

and training for family planning workers both in the United States and
abroad has been an important Foundation commitment in the past. This
year the Foundation continued to provide funds for special purposes.
A grant of $3 million to the Population Council will support the work of
its Technical Assistance Division and its fellowship program for the next
three years, contributing to the Council's yearly budget of about $17 million.
The Population Council is probably the world's most influential organization
dealing with problems of population. The Technical Assistance Division
helps with the development of family planning programs throughout the
world, at the request of governments; its staff includes both physicians and
social scientists. Its International Postpartum Program, begun in 1965 with
aid from the Foundation, has been a notable success, and lias spearheaded
similar efforts by other agencies. The Division is now undertaking a series
of experimental projects aimed at bringing low-cost maternal and child health
care to poor rural areas of Asia, Africa, and Latin America as a practical
framework for offering family planning. Fellowships awarded by the Council
emphasize training of specialists from developing countries, who can con-
tribute to building loeal research and teaching institutions and lead national
family planning programs.

27

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 Another important organization which has a distinguished record of effec-
tive work in the field of family planning is the American Friends Service
Committee; a Foundation grant made this year will support its ongoing
programs.
Family planning services for the Albany area of upstate New York will
be developed by the Albany Medical College with the aid of Foundation
funds made available this year. Starting with a core educational program
for medical students, residents, and nurses, the project, run by the Depart-
ment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, will eventually branch out to offer train-
ing over a wider region, including continuing education for physicians. The
Department also plans to introduce instruction for postpartum patients in
hospitals, using a closed-circuit television technique that was developed at
the Harlem Hospital Center in New York. The program will serve a 19- county
area with a population of 2,200,000.
Several other centers received grants for educational and information
programs in family planning, including the Planned Parenthood Associa-
tion of Maryland, the Population Crisis Committee, and Yale University;
and abroad, institutions in Indonesia, Iran, and the Philippines.

GRANTS AND PROGRAMS APPROVED IN 1972

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS

Field Staff in community planning S 48.090
Publications 8,250
International Conferences 16,500
S72.840

PROGRAM OK SOCIAL SCIKNCI; AND LKGAL RI:SKARCH ON POPULATION POLICY:

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY: to enable professors John U. Farley and Maurice Wilkinson to
undertake research on the effects of traditional economic policy instruments on population
growth patterns, S22.485.
LATIN AMKRICAN CKNTKK OK DKMOCKAPUY. Chile: to enable Dr. Gerardo Gonzales Corte?
to complete re.-carch on the rol«> tif dcciMnn-niaking in the formulation of population policy
in Chile. S8.19S.
M\s<sAnit|<iK.TTs IivsTiTUTK or TirtfNot.ofiY: n rrops-ciiltural study to be conducted hv
Professor Wayne A. Corm-liii!-. Jr., of politici/.ation and demand-nuiking behavior among
low-income migrants to larjin eiiUs.s,$;jO,(WO.
PKNNSYI.VAMA STATK UNIVKHSITY: micro-economic analysis of a Colombian family plan-
ning program by William .1. Kuhley, Department of Economics, §20.570.
PuiNcnroN UNIVKMSITY: completion of a s-tudy by Dr. Hiehaid E. Hilsborrow on the effect!*
of population I'.rowih on economic development, S'1.21)!.

28

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, Berkeley:
Research to be conducted by Mrs. Louise Resnikoff on the relationship of population
pressure to land use and agricultural innovation among the Waluguru of Tanzania, $19,133;
To enable Patricia Anglim to complete research on support for Ghana's family planning
policy, $4,125.

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII: research to be conducted by Dr. Bertrand Renaud on population

distribution, changes in the urban structure, and regional economic development in Korea,
$13,857.

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN: research to be conducted by Dr. Aram A. Yengoyan and Dr.

Daniel G. Bates on rural population, family structure, and modes of production in the
Philippines and Iran, §3,696.

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, Canada: research to be conducted by Professor Janet W. Salaff

on the motivation for delayed marriage for Hong Kong women, $14,058.

UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN: research to be conducted by Peter H. Lindert on fertility, land,

and income distribution, 819,979.

CANADA
QUEENS UNIVERSITY, Ontario: basic science research position in reproductive biology in the
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. §47,800.

GHANA
UNIVERSITY OF GHANA: study of the processes of cyclical labor migration in West Africa.
$2.500.

INDONESIA
GADJAH MAD^ UNIVKHSITY : regional conference of Asian universities on population educa-
tion, 815,000.

UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA: teaching of family planning in the Faculty of Medicine. $15.000.

IRAN
P\HI.AVI UNIVERSITY: teaching of population and family planning in the School of Medicine.
SI 5.000.

MEXICO
El. COLEGIO DK MKXICO: research on problems relevant to the foimulation of national popu-
lation policies in Latin America to be conducted under the supervision of the Commission
for Population and Development of the Latin American Social Science Council, $100.000.

PKRU
CAYKTANO HKIUIDIA UNIVKKSITY m-- Prim: rej-eairh in irprodtu-ti\T rndorrinnlopy, $15,000.

PHILIPPINES
QUI.DHKN'S MLDICAL CI:NTI:K: study of the potential o| nmlwrn--' a* inolivalmv for family
planning, §15,000.
NATIONAL SCIHNCI: DUVKI.OPMENT BOARD: btudy of ellectivem^s of motivators miachcd to
clinics of the Family Planning Organization, 612,500.

29

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

XAVIER UNIVERSITY: development of research and training programs in demography and
population studies, §15,000.

THAILAND
MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY:
Research in reproductive biology in the Faculty of Science and Ramathibodi Faculty of
Medicine, $15,000;
Research in reproductive immunology in the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sci-
ence, $13,500.

UNITED KINGDOM
UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL: research group in reproductive immunology in the Department of
Pathology, §300,000.

UNITED STATES
ALBANY MI-DICAL COLLEGE, New York: educational program in family planning in its Depart-
ment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 8300,000.

AMERICAN BUREAU FOR MKDICAL AID TO CHINA. New York: teaching program in population
and family planning in Taiwan, $25,000.

AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE, Pennsylvania: family planning programs, 854,000.

ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES. District of Columbia: regional seminars on

the teaching and practice of family health in Africa, §7,500.

ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF ABORTION, New York: evaluation of its activities, $15,000.

BAYLOR COLLEGE OK MLUIUNE, Texas: research and evaluation of a program in family plan-
ning, $50.000.

CITUENS COMMITTEE ON POPULATION AND THE AMERICAN FUTURK, District of Columbia:

operating costs, 325,000.

EAST-WEST CENTER, Hawaii: pilot study of the generation and diffusion of adaptive technol-
ogy in a developing country, $14,620.

EMORY UNIVERSITY, Georgia: nursing student summer program in the teaching of family
planning, S5,900.

HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Massachusetts:

Research in the Laboratory of Human Reproduction and Reproductive Biology of the
Medical School, $500,000;
Development of a program on population, maternal and child health, and nutrition in
Haiti. $21000;
Rtis-eaich training program at the Laborutoiy of Human Reproduction and Reproductive
Biology, §5,000.

JAMES MADISON CONSTITUTIONAL LAW INSTITUTE, New York: program in population law,
$50,000.

PENNSYLVANIA STATI: UNIVI;USITY: Basic M'ience research position in the Department of

Obstetric* and Gynecolopy ul its Milton S. Ilt-rshey Medical Center, $210,000.

30

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 PLANNED PARENTHOOD ASSOCIATION OF MARYLAND: development of a program in population
and family planning education in collaboration with the Baltimore City Public Schools,
$86,000.

POPULATION COUNCIL, New York:

Fellowship program, and the program of its Technical Assistance Division, $3,000,000;
For its International Committee for Contraceptive Research, §500,000.

POPULATION CRISIS COMMITTEE, District of Columbia: educational program in population,

$25,000.

UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA: basic science research position in reproductive biology in the De-
partment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, §136,500.

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI: research in reproductive immunology, §15,000.

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN: analytical study by its Center for Population Planning, School of
Public Health, of family planning technical assistance programs of multilateral agencies,
$15,000.

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA: analysis of the organization and function of university pop-
ulation centers, $34,000.

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA :
Comprehensive study by its Monell Chemical Senses Center of volatile substances of func-
tional and diagnostic significance in human reproduction, $350,000;
Training and research program in its Population Studies Center on the interaction of popu-
lation growth and socioeconomic development in the developing nations, $265,000;
Training program for family planning workers, $7,900.

YAI.F. UNIVERSITY, Connecticut: educational and training program in population and family
planning under the direction of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, $10,000.

WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY, North Carolina: research in reproductive immunology in the

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of its Bowman Gray School of Medicine, $98.000.

WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, Missouri: study of the teaching of family planning and population
in medical schools in the United States. 822,000.

WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY, Michigan: reference book on the pathology and physiology of
human reproduction and fertility regulation, $5,000.

3!

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation
UNIVERSITY DEVELOPMENT

"A Beginning,

Middle,

and an End"

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 .he Foundation in 1972 completed a decade of assistance to universities
in the developing countries. Its work was favorably reviewed in June 1972
at a conference in Bellagio, Italy, of the heads of the major international
donor agencies meeting to consider problems of education in the less devel-
oped countries. The International Council for Educational Development
published a rather extensive description of the effort entitled "Higher Edu-
cation for National Development: One Model for Technical Assistance."
An international commission on cultural relations characterized the program
as an outstanding "success story."
The first decade of assistance under the program demonstrated that insti-
tution building was as appropriate and definable a task in higher education
as it had proved to be for the two score schools of public health assisted by
the Foundation in the 1920's and the area studies centers in the 1950's. The
rationale of the University Development Program was from the outset rooted
in the tradition of institution building plus the belief that, for the less
developed countries, the missing factor was educated people and trained
leadership. Needed were not only the doctors, engineers, economists, and
agronomists who would chart the nation's course, but those who could mul-
tiply themselves by training other men tofillsuch posts.
A second part of the rationale was that a concentrated attack on a single
urgent problem, while necessary, is insufficient. Often the only thing worse
than failure may be success. It is imperative to identify pressing human
needs, but no less imperative to grasp their interrelationships. The earlier
triumphs of public health in reducing mortality have had some part in usher-
ing in the population explosion. The Green Revolution of the 1960's will
ultimately prove successful only if its relationship with employment, land
reform, internal migration, and political structures is recognized.
To contribute to university development, it was essential that the Foun-
dation have a plan with a beginning, a middle, and an end. In operational
language, it had "to get in and get out."
The Foundation's plan envisaged at least four distinct phases, varying
from country to country in their application. Phase I involved assistance to
speed the transition from a colonial to a national university. Toward this
end, the Foundation made available on long-term assignments, a few career
members of its professional staff. Also involved was the identification and
definition of discrete and manageable areas of assistance in which the Foun-
dation had the experience and competence to be helpful. Phase II signaled
the emergence of national leadership. If Phase I required a critical mass of
outside educators and institution builders. Phase II called for a very few.

34
© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation
 low-profile consultants. Phase III marked the putting to work of new capac-
ities, planning for graduate programs, serving the community, and turning
emergent human resources toward the solution of national and regional
problems. Phase IV was the time for giving to others by those who had re-
ceived. It saw first-generation university development centers helping second-
generation centers. Thus leaders from the University of Valle in Colombia
are now at work helping the University of Bahia in Brazil, as are leaders
of the older universities in East Africa at the University of Zaire.

To be effective, a plan must beflexible,taking its cues from the strengths

and weaknesses within each institution and adapting its timetable to changing
needs. Institutions differ and therefore patterns of assistance vary. Neverthe-
less, there must be a plan, a timetable, and defined stages.

Three major developments marked the year 1972. First, programs of rele-
vant graduate studies were launched or strengthened in certain centers, with
great benefit and prestige to the nations concerned. For example, the Govern-
ment of Thailand reported savings of nearly a million dollars in foreign
exchange and other costs through the training of 90 graduate students in the
biomedical sciences at its own Mahidol (Medical Sciences) University, using
SI0,000 as the cost of sending one student abroad for advanced scientific
training. The Government of the Philippines profited not only from training
Philippine and other Asian economists al the Faculty of Economics of the
University of the Philippines, but from the task forces in land reform and
income distribution to which the faculty contributed experienced leadership.
In Latin America, training for health scientists was made more economical
and relevant through the use of the resources of what has become the strong-
est regional program, namely the University of Valle. It is noteworthy that
as these institutions in the later phases of their development reached out to
help themselves and others, Foundation assistance and personnel markedly
diminished.
Secondly, programs that serve the local community increasingly took root.
In 1972, the University of Valle continued to support, as did the community,
the program of health services in Candelaria which had been launched with
Foundation leadership and support. The Bureau of Resource Assessment and
Land Use Planning at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania provided
continuing advice and leadership in the?e important areas, as did the Eco-
nomic Research Bureau in the vital sector of rural development. The Uni-
versity of Ibadan in Nigeria, which in the decade of Foundation assistance
had moved from a Nigerian component of staff comprising only 20 percent
of total faculty to more than VU percent, launched u new program of inte-
grated rural development in a rural community close to Ibadan.

35

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 Thirdly, universities strengthened cooperative programs with governments
directed at national problems. The Institute for Development Studies at the
University of Nairobi in Kenya joined with government economists in an
effort to strengthen economic planning while at the same time giving increas-
ing attention to rural development. In the Philippines, the Comprehensive
Community Health Program, initiated by the University of the Philippines
and The Rockefeller Foundation for a rural community in Luzon, became
increasingly a nationally supported effort. In Thailand, the corn and sorghum
program, assisted by the Foundation and involving both Kasetsart University
and the Ministry of Agriculture, received increased national support.
These and other programs mark the changing emphasis in mature univer-
sity development centers at the same time that new centers are receiving at-
tention in Brazil, Indonesia, and Zaire. Assistance to them will also follow
a plan with a beginning, a middle, and an end.

GRANTS AND PROGRAMS APPROVED IN 1972

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS
Field Staff $1,547,620
Visiting Faculty 445,500
Project Support 524,100
Publications 900
International Conferences 8,300
§2,526,420

COLOMBIA
UNIVERSITY OF VALLE:
Rockefeller Foundation International Program in University Development, visiting faculty
requested by the University of Valle:
Dr. Farzam Arbab to continue as visiting professor of physics;
Dean H. Wilson to continue as visiting professor. Division of Engineering:
Scholarships for graduates, 857,000;
Library acquisitions for graduate programs. 855,600;
Division of Sciences:
Equipment and supplies, $34.000;
Research projects, 81,662;
Division of Humanities:
Equipment, §10,000;
Ke.-eareh program, §900;
Division of Health Science.^ tluoe icx-aicli project, Sfi.319;
Division of Kugineerinp, equipment ami supplies, §2,966.

36

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 GHANA
ASSOCIATION OF AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES: workshop on problems of the African university,
$15,000.

INDONESIA
GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY:
Construction of staff housing, §60,000;
Costs related to the development of programs at Indonesian institutions of higher educa-
tion, ®58,500;
Faculty of Forestry, equipment, §20,000;
Participation by staff in instructional, research, extension, and developmental programs
conducted by national and international agencies, $20,000;
English language training for prospective scholarship candidates in agriculture, $13,000;
Study of problems of university development in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, $5,000;
Regional symposium on tropical plant protection, $2,000.

KENYA
UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI :
Rockefeller Foundation International Program in University Development, visiting faculty
requested by the University of Nairobi:
John H. Power, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, to continue as visiting research profes-
sor, Institute for Development Studies;
Continuation of Dr. C. Kenneth Prewitt's assignment as visiting senior researcli fellow.
Institute for Development Studies;
Institute for Development Studies, continued support of research and staff development,
$75.000;
Department of Economics: support of East African graduate scholars in the B. Phil, pro-
gram, $15,125;
Department of Government:
Research and preparation of teaching materials, $13,625;
Staff development, 86,517;
Assignment of an investigator to do research on the economic returns to the various educa-
tional investments in Kenya, 811,500;
Expansion of the regional activities of the Universities of East Africa, $9,980;
Department of Linguistics and African Studies, further development of its research and
training program, $5,600;
Institute for African Studies, four experimental workshops in music and danoo. $5,600;
Department of Sociology, teaching and research, $5,260:
Faculty of Veterinary Science, start' development, $5,000.

NIGERIA
AIIMADII HULLO UMVEHSITY, development of a teaching and research program in agricultural
marketing. $6.500.

37

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN :
Rockefeller Foundation International Program in University Development, visiting faculty
requested by the University of Ibadan:
Dr. Richard C. Maxon, Iowa Stale University, as visiting senior lecturer, Department of
Agricultural Economics;
Studies of employment opportunities and policies in Nigerian agriculture, $60,482;
Faculty of Medicine, arboviriis research, $45,000;
Faculty of Social Sciences, graduate training, §43,000;
Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry, and Veterinary Science, graduate training, $36,850;
Research on problems of employment of graduates nf the university, 824,383;
Department of Economics, staff development, §11,600;
Department of Political Science, staff development, $9,620;
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, postdoctoral fellowship, $9,580;
Establishment of West African Association of Agricultural Economists, $8,736;
Appointment of an Acting Director for its Computer Centre, 88,525 ;
Support of a postdoctoral fellow in economics, 86,865;
Department of Chemistry and Hematology, research on hemoglobins, $6,500;
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, staff development, S5.050;
Department of Animal Science, «tnfT development. $4,500.

UNIVERSITY OK LAGOS: Human Resources Research Unit, investigation of unemployment and

human resource utilization in Nigeria, 330.000.

PHILIPPINES
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES:
Comprehensive Community Health Program, $69.783;
School of Economics for scholarships, research, library support, nnd equipment, 340,950:
Social Sciences and Humanities Center, equipment, 81.222.

TANZANIA
UNIVERSITY OK DAR KS SALAAM :
Rockefeller Foundation International Program in University Development, visiting faculty
requested by the University of Dar PS Salaam:
Dr. Goran Hyden to continue as vj-iling senior lecturer Department of Political Science;
Dr. Abdul A. Jalloh as visiting MMiior lecturer Department of Political Science;
Dr. Gerhard Tschanncrl to continue as research fellow Bureau of Roource Assessment
and Land Use Planning;

Economic Research Bureau, rural tleu'Jopnient, §25,000;

Uureau of Re.soiace Asi-ex-meut and Lain! UM- Planning, researeh and teaching in pcog-
raphy,$18,J03;

38

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, professional training of two members of the faculty,
$14,900;
Staff development in economics, $14,850;
Department of Economics and Sociology, teaching through research programs, $9,450;
Preparation of three issues of the African Review, $8,4

THAILAND
KASETSART UNIVERSITY :
Research support and operating costs of the agricultural program, $174,900;
Graduate assistantships in agriculture, $37,800;
Faculty of Agriculture, research leadership positions, $5,000;
Advisory services by visiting agricultural specialists, and study and observation visits by
selected university staff, $5,000.

MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY:
Rockefeller Foundation International Program in University Development, visiting faculty
requested by Mahidol University:
Dr. Harjadi Dhanutirto, University of Indonesia, as research associate, Department of
Physiology;
Dr. Siti Dawiesah Ismadi, Gadjah Mada University, as research associate, Department
of Biochemistry;
Dr. Adrian J. Lamb to continue as research associate, Department of Biochemistry;
Dr. Richard J. Littleton to continue as research associate, Department of Microbiology;
Faculty of Science, research and teaching equipment and support of graduate programs
in the life sciences, $169,050;
Ramathibodi Faculty of Medicine, research equipment, $85,000;
Development of a self-instructional program in pharmacology, $12,670.

THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY:
Rockefeller Foundation International Program in University Development, visiting faculty
requested by Thammasat University:
Dr. Bevars D. Mabry to continue as visiting professor, Faculty of Economics;
Social Sciences Association of Thailand for publication of social science textbooks in Thai,
$45,589;
Faculty of Liberal Arts: research on the concept of evil in Thai, Asian, and Southeast Asian
drama, $10,755;
Faculty of Economics:
Scholarships in the M. Econ. program, $9,690;
To establish an Economic Research Project, $6,000;
Research on income distribution in Thailand, $2,650;
Research for a volume on cultural development in Thailand, $3,000.

39

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 UGANDA
MAKERERE UNIVERSITY:
Rockefeller Foundation International Program in University Development, visiting faculty
requested by Makerere University:
Dr. William J. Flocker, University of California, Davis, as visiting professor, Department
of Soil Sciences;
Dr. Alfred A. J. Francis, University of the West Indies, as senior lecturer, Department of
Economics ;
Dr. Dean L. Mcllroy, Jr. to continue as lecturer, Department of Animal Science and
production;
Dr. Gerald Thierstein to continue as senior lecturer, Department of Agriculture, Engi-
neering, and Land Planning;
Faculty of Agriculture:
Faculty development and research, $52,000;
Equipment, $3,000;
Research, teaching, and graduate studies in political science, §13,140;
Faculty of Social Sciences, teaching and research, $30,500;
Department of Geography, research on spatial distribution of retail and service centers in
the Kampala region, §3,674;
Conference of East African university administrators held at Lusaka, Zambia, 83,040,

ZAIRE
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF ZAIRE: staff development, §23,244.

Related Grants
HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Massachusetts: participation of a Kenyan scholar in the ILO Mission
on Employment, $1,000.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY: university development assignments, $275,000.

STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT STONY BROOK: computerization of admissions at the

University of Ibadan, $42,424.

TORCUATO DI TELLA INSTITUTE, Argentina: multi-country collaborative research project on

problems of employment and labor force absorption in Latin America, $258,000.

TUFTS UNIVERSITY, Massachusetts: Yvon M. Bongoy for research on investment and economic
development of the Republic of Zaire, 55,000,

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA :
Davis
University development assignments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, $280.000.

Santa Barbara
Dr. William J. Chambli.^s, Department of Sociology, for re.M'urdi on erime in West Africa,
37,497.

40

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH, Canada: research in agricultural economics, $32,000.

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII: university development assignments in Africa, Asia, and Latin

America, $280,000.

UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA: university development assignments, §275,000.

UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME, Indiana: university development assignments, §275,000.

UNIVERSITY OF OREGON: Dr. W. Ed Whitelaw, Department of Economics, for completion of

his research on urban behavior in Nairobi, $5,900,

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, Canada: university development assignments, $15,000.

YALE UNIVERSITY: university development assignments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America,
§280,000.

WORKING seminar of social science research related to unemployment problems in Africa

(Bellagio), $14,000.

41

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY

"A Wide Range of

Challenges Confronts

the Nation"

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

_LViewing toward equal opportunity in the United States continues to be
a struggle against ignorance, poverty, and racial discrimination. It is clear
that these struggles are not identical but that they reenforce each other and
make the task of finding solutions especially difficult. While significant gains
were made during the last decade in granting legal or administrative rights,
in many instances these rights still have to be put into practice. It is one
thing to decree an end to segregated schools; quite another to implement
school integration programs effectively. Indeed, there are indications that
many individuals and groups which were active in the civil rightsfielddur-
ing the past few years have wearied of the battle and shifted their attention
to other concerns.
A wide range of challenges confronts the nation in attempting to trans-
form American institutions and practices to assure equality of opportunity
and treatment in all walks of life for black and other minority-group citizens.
The Rockefeller Foundation, in its equal opportunity efforts, has believed
that it is essential to select a limited number of strategic target areas for
careful attention and sustained support. During 1972 the program has
focused on four such areas: leadership development and training for minority-
group individuals, career development and professional training for the dis-
advantaged in selectedfields,development of innovative community education
programs, and outreach programs for the rural poor.

LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING

The special program for training minority-group school administrators at
the superintendent level has received wide attention from educators. Twenty-
nine administrators have already participated in this training, including ten
men and two women who are serving as interns with some of the nation's lead-
ing superintendents during this academic year—the third year of the pro-
gram. Participants from the first two years have moved on to positions of
greater responsibility—three are now serving as superintendents.
During the year another approach to the development of minority-group
administrators was initiated. Working closely with Richard Clowes, Los
Angeles County Superintendent of Schools, an in-service training program
was developed through which talented teachers are receiving training and
on-the-job experience in administrative and supervisory positions. Many
suburban schools are beset by some of the same challenges that confront
major city systems, including an increasing percentage of minority-group
student?. The diversity of (he Los Angeles County school population, which
includes a significant number of Chinmo students, mnkes this an excellent
location for this in-service training effort,

•II

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 Community colleges, state universities, and other post-secondary edu-
cational institutions are providing new opportunities for minority-group
administrators. Two programs to assist such institutions with training admin-
istrators were initiated during the year:
The member institutions of the Academic Affairs Conference of Mid-
western Universities have developed a minority internship program which
should serve as a model for identifying and training new talent. Interns
in this program will have an intensive nine months in administrative expe-
rience on one of the A.A.C.M.U. campuses, working closely with mentors—
deans, vice presidents, presidents, and other institutional leaders. The pro-
gram provides for seminars; meetings with community, business, and indus-
trial groups; a directed reading program; and activities keyed directly to
training administrators. In addition to candidates from institutions which
belong to A.A.C.M.U., six interns will be drawn each year from noncon-
ference institutions. Special attention will be given to possible interns from
black colleges.
A new effort was also planned to train administrators specifically for
community colleges. These colleges, which have been created at the rate
of one per week over the past decade, are playing an increasingly impor-
tant role in the nation's system of higher education. There is a special
need to develop administrators for them who are sensitive to the diverse
populations they serve.
Attention was also given during the year to administrative and leader-
ship training in other areas:
An internship program for training administrators of government-funded
assistance programs was developed with the aid of outside consultants. This
effort is directly responsive to the needs of municipalities and nongovern-
mental agencies which need minority-group administrators trained to deal
with the plethora of federal and state programs dealing with the people from
whom these administrators have been drawn.
The Interracial Council for Business Opportunity was organized in
1963 to assist minority-group businessmen to develop, own, and manage
their own enterprises. The Council has received nationwide attention for
its program of teaming successful businessmen with minority businessmen
starting new ventures. Of perhaps even greater importance are its continu-
ing programs aimed at developing a larger and more sophisticated business
leadership group within the minority community. The Rockefeller Founda-
tion made a grant to ICBO during 1972 to enable it to recruit six qualified
management training coordinators to give full-time leadership to training
programs in Now York City, Los Angeles, Dallas, Washington, St. Louis,
and New Orleans.

'15

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 A grant to the Boy Scouts of America has led to the establishment of an
Educational Field Laboratory to train indigenous leadership—both profes-
sional and volunteer—to deal more effectively and sensitively with the needs
of inner-city boys.
The National Urban League, with its objective of encouraging poor
people **to develop the capacity to do, to act, and to bring about change
themselves" decided to establish a long-term voter education and registra-
tion effort as a part of its New Thrust Program. A grant from the Founda-
tion is supporting program leaders in target cities and supplying the costs
of leadership development seminars.
The Urban and Policy Sciences Program at the State University of New
York at Stony Brook has added to its research activities an internship pro-
gram linked to agencies dealing with urgent public sector environmental
problems. One agency with which it has an especially good working rela-
tionship is the Environmental Protection Administration of New York City
for which it serves as a technical advisory body. Support from the Founda-
tion has enabled Stony Brook to expand its program and particularly to
recruit minority-group students. It is expected that this program will serve
as a model for training for new careers, and that the minority group mem-
bers will make New York City's Environmental Protection Administration
and similar agencies increasingly sensitive to the concerns of all segments
of the population.
Foundation support for health career training programs for the disad-
vantaged continued during 1972. Two such grants were to the New England
Hospital at Roxbury, Massachusetts. They were: Open the Doors Wider in
Nursing, and Health Careers (which embraces both professional and sub-
professional jobs). The short-range objectives of both programs are to en-
courage increasing numbers of disadvantaged young people to enter careers
in the health field that are both satisfying and economically rewarding. The
long-range objectives are to help bring about changes in educational insti-
tutions and other agencies that will make special efforts unnecessary.
Additional support was also given to Harvard University in 1972 for its
Health Careers summer program. This program consists of three important
elements: formal work in one of the three basic science courses offered by
the Harvard Summer School, academic tutorial assistance, and clinical tutorial
aid in one of the Harvard-affiliated hospitals or in the Dental School.

INNOVATION IN SCHOOL-COMMUNITY EDUCATION

School-community advisory councils have become an important avenue
for the involvement of community representatives and school personnel in
decision-making at the local school level. Because of the diversity of most

•16

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 metropolitan areas, there is an urgent need for the development of local
educational programs for these councils. And these programs must have
the guidance of competent educators and experienced citizens.
The Los Angeles City School District, the second largest city school system
in the nation, as a part of an attempt to infuse the educational system with
a spirit of renewal, created school-community advisory councils involving
school staff, secondary school students, and members of the community.
Recognizing that there will be a need for guidance and orientation, the
district, with support from the RF, has prepared and distributed instruc-
tional materials to each local council and provided in-service training pro-
grams for school administrators and council members. Another important
segment of this program involves the advisory councils not only in the design
of innovative and clearly defined demonstration programs for improving
the quality of education, but also in developing programs to improve citizen
participation.
These school-community advisory councils can be expected to play an
increasingly important role in bridging the gap between the community and
the school system. The bold decision of the Los Angeles school leaders to
have every school in the system develop its own school-community advisory
council and at the same time place greater responsibility on the local schools
for improving student performance has attracted nationwide attention. The
lessons learned should be valuable for the many other school systems that are
attempting to bring their communities into the school decision-making process.
Through a grant to the Kanawha County School System in West Virginia,
two community school projects of a similar nature are moving ahead. One
embraces both the Washington Junior High School, whose students come from
deprived rural Appalachian families, and the George Washington Senior
High School, most of whose students are from an affluent Charleston suburb
but some of whom are pupils who have finished Washington Junior High
School and are bused there. The other project is at Stonewall Jackson Senior
High School in central Charleston, whose students come from deprived and
middle-class families both black and white. The problems are the same in both
projects in that they stem from deprivations and conflicts in value systems.
Specific programs have been developed by community leaders and educators
with several goals in mind: to increase the quality of education and of life
for the target population, to aid the unemployed to develop saleable skills
and the employed lo improve their skills, and to provide a model of community
education that may be followed by surrounding communities. In this program
school facilities are used for community education programs, specifically for
providing courses for disndvuntugeil adults. The Molt Foundation and Ball
Stale University are providing community school in-service training, eon-

47

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

sultant services, and evaluation and supervisory services, along with other
technical assistance.
An innovative Open Classroom Program was initiated in the New York
City school system during this past year. The open classroom concept, which
has received wide attention, is built on the philosophy that the classroom
should be open to ideas, and that teachers should act as guides rather than
merely as examples of authority. Thus the student becomes a self-motivated
learner rather than a passive recipient of information. The teachers begin with
the assumption that the children want to learn and will learn in their fashion.
Respect for and trust in the child are perhaps the most basic principles. This
program fits squarely within the design-for-change program which has
recently been established in New York City. Foundation funds have enabled
the school system to move ahead with intensive workshop and training sessions
for key advisors who will then train additional school personnel in the key
features underlying the Open Classroom.

RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College and Mississippi State Uni-

versity have developed a joint institutional approach to bring about social
and economic development in some of the rural areas of Mississippi. A coor-
dinating council, made up of staff members from the two institutions, meets
regularly. Through its efforts, slate and federal funds were obtained for the
development at Alcorn of a program of agricultural research and extension.
This year the Foundation made a grant to the College and the University
that will enlarge the capability of the existing program to improve the lives
of the rural poor in southwestern Mississippi. The grant will assist with the
costs of short courses and training programs for farmers and community
leaders, make possible additional Alcorn staff in plant and animal sciences,
provide graduate and undergraduate assistantships, and support a summer
field program for undergraduates at Alcorn. It will also help provide the
assignment of staff members and special consultants from Mississippi Stale
to Alcorn. The Southern Regional Education Board, which is following the
Alcorn-Mississippi State programs closely, is hopeful that it may develop into
a model that can be used by other institutions in the South.
The College of the Albemarle continues its experiment in educational assist-
ance to the rural poor in northeast North Carolina. Its program, funded by
the Foundation, is designed to: identify persons in rural areas who could profit
by general education or occupational training; motivate, test, and counsel them
in order lo guide them inlo training programs that will prepare them for em-
ployment; and assist them with theirfinancialproblems during their schooling
and help them find jobs afterward.

48

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 GRANTS APPROVED IN 1972

ALCORN AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE, Mississippi: toward a program of agri-

cultural research, extension, and training, $79,500.

AMERICANS FOR INDIAN OPPORTUNITY, District of Columbia: educator to develop Indian pro-
grams in schools, §15,000.

BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK: Open Classroom program, §325,000.

BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA, New Jersey: inner-city leadership development, 8150,000.

CHICAGO COMMONS ASSOCIATION: collaboration with the Spanish Coalition for Jobs to de-
velop new resources for the Latino communities, SI5,000.
COLLEGE OF THE ALBEMARLE, North Carolina: education and training opportunities for rural
poor, and economic and cultural development of the community, §200,000.
CORNELL UNIVERSITY, New York: program to aid black graduate students in the social sci-
ences in theses research, §25,000.
DUKE UNIVERSITY, North Carolina: symposium, "Redevelopment of the Rural South, Prelude
to a More Humane Urban South" held in Birmingham, Alabama, 86,000.
EDUCATION FOR INVOLVEMENT CORPORATION, District of Columbia: summer program for
training high school students in social action skills, $15,000.
FISK UNIVERSITY, Tennessee: strengthening its Honors Program, $134,500.
GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. District of Columbia: Workshops for Careers in the Arts,
$25,000.
HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Massachusetts:
Research on racial attitude? tmvard black candidacy for high political office, §70,000.
Health careers progiain for sludenlb fioin disadvanlaged groups, $50,000.
W. Barry Wood scholarships for medical students. 825.000.
HOWARD UNIVERSITY, District of Columbia: planning committee for a National Commission
on Higher Education for Black Americans, $5,000.
HUNTER COLLEGE OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NKW YORK: for use by the Hunter College
High School for intercollege internships for senior students involving job experience in
the community, $12,500.
INTERNSHIP PROGRAM FOR SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS: interns given grants were:
Dr. Laval S. Wilson (Community Consolidated School District No. 65, Cook County. Illi-
nois, additional costs), $600;
Robert L, Marion (Flint Community Schools, Michigan), $30.422;
Paul L.Vance (School District of Philadelphia), $33,173;
DclorosT. Duvis (Public Schools of the District of Columbia). $23.680;
Chester M. Whittaker (Trenton Hoard of Education. New Jersey), $25,731:
Julio 11. Garcia (Sequel Elementary School District, California). $33,799;
William J. Murray (Ravenswood City School District, California), $33,519;
Joseph E. Johnson (Wilmington Public Schools, Delaware). $31,720;
Dr. John B. Linn (Sun Krancisco Unified School District).82(>,o07;
Elbert A. Colum (Sun Diego City Schools), $29,437;

40

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 Betty Showell (Baltimore City Schools), $28,014;
Dr. Calvert H. Smith (University of Cincinnati), $28,470;
Gilbert Guzman and Robert Matthews (San Diego City Schools, additional oosts), $2,132;
John C. Newton {Berkeley Unified School District),$31,752;
John H. Griffith (Rochester City School District, New York, additional costs), $460;
Oliver S. Coleman (Detroit Public Schools, additional costs), $985.
Other grants under this program included:
Orientation programs for the superintendents and administrators participating in the
program, $40,000;
Dade County Public Schools, Florida: training program for school administrators in a
multi-ethnic environment, $15,000;
Office of the Los Angeles County Superintendent of Schools: leadership training program
for school administrators, $300,000;
Wilmington Public Schools, Delaware: training program for school administrators, $23,500.
HOUSTON BAPTIST COLLEGE, Texas: scholarships for nursing candidates, $3,750.
INDIANA STATE UNIVERSITY: Academic Affairs Conference of Midwestern Universities for
internships for minority group administrators, $157,000.
INTERRACIAL COUNCIL FOR BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY, New York: expansion of its training
programs in education for business leadership, $300,000.
KANAWHA COUNTY SCHOOL SYSTEM, West Virginia: community schools programs, $150,000.
Los ANGELES CITY UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT: school-community advisory councils, §300,000.
METROPOLITAN DETROIT YOUTH FOUNDATION: leadership development program, §72,000.
NEW ENGLAND HOSPITAL, Massachusetts:
Health Vocational Training Program, $500.000;
Health Careers Training Program for disadvantaged students, §450,000.
OGLALA Sioux COMMUNITY COLLEGE, South Dakota: appointment of a development officer for
the Lakota Higher Education Center and Sinte Gleska College, $15,000.
SAN DIEGO CITY SCHOOLS, California: operation of two coordinated school-community educa-
tion centers, one in the Chicano community, the other in the black community, $100,000.
SEOUATCHIE VALLEY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY, Tennessee:
Director's salary, $14,400;
Summer program to develop administrative capabilities for students interested in public
service careers, §6,000.

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA: School of Journalism to enable a black social scientist to

participate in the school's study of the 1972 presidential election, $15,000.
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OK GKORGIA: rural development meeting, $500.
UKUAN INSTITUTE, District of Columbia: study of cost differentials among varied school dis-
tricts in the provision of educational services, §15,000.
WATTS LABOR COMMUNITY ACTION COMMITTEE, California; paramedical training program,
$200,000.
YALE UNIVERSITY, Connecticut: research on methods of increasing public participation in
the planning! of community housing programs, $15,000.

50

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

QUALITY OF THE ENVIRONMENT

"Learning to Cope

with

TV 1 * 1 \T c 1 1 99
Biological Variables

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

In recent years concern has grown regarding the deterioration of man*s
environment, the possibility that with the present pace of industrialization
supplies of critical non-renewahle resources might soon be exhausted and
that options for future generations are being seriously reduced. Perspectives
of environmental problems vary among nations depending on their stage of
economic development or modernization, and among groups within nations.
Within our own nation some groups are alarmed by long-term global changes
including the fouling of the air envelope or the oceans. Others work for the con-
servation or preservation of resources. Still others are primarily concerned
with more immediate and visible problems including air quality in urban
areas, pollution of waterways, and encroachment by urban populations on
the rural areas. A fourth perspective, particularly of the poor, excludes
concern for most of the previously mentioned problems, for the environ-
mental factors they care about are crime, dirty and unsafe streets, poor
housing, and other aspects of poverty or inadequacy of services.
As it has developed its Quality of the Environment program, the Founda-
tion has kept in mind the range of perspectives that exist, and in fact several
of its programs attempt to contribute to environmental improvements. For
example, under Conquest of Hunger, attention is focused particularly on
certain of the basic needs—including more food and increased income for
the millions of poor abroad. Universities in poorer countries being assisted
by the Foundation are concerned with many aspects of improvement of urban
and rural life. At home, efforts under Equal Opportunity are directed toward
problems that many would consider of importance environmentally. The
Foundation's work in population is attempting to deal with a root cause
of the entire range of environmental concerns—burgeoning populations
which threaten to outstrip resources.
Under the Quality of the Environment program attention has been directed,
for the most part, to problems in the United States, Particular emphasis has
been on those with which the Foundation can help in special ways as a result
of its competence in the fields concerned and its experience in marshaling
talent and funds in them.
While man has developed the capability to masterplan major engineering
feats such as the moon and Mars shots or the development of satellite com-
munications systems, he has not had such success in dealing with efforts
Involving a biological component, that is, involving living systems. In the
latter ease, he works not with physical constants but with biological vari-
ables. This is not to say that there has not been success by existing scientific
and educational institutions or agencies of government in the biological fields;
indeed there has. as thKs nation's progress in agriculture and medicine attests.

52

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 For ecological problems, however, the necessary disciplines which must work
together do not have a heritage of cooperation or concerted effort toward
defined goals that is found in schools of medicine or agriculture. New com-
binations of specialists from diverse fields are now needed, particularly at
the universities. The Foundation has enabled several leading universities
to strengthen their capability to contribute to solutions of environmental
problems in the regions they serve. They include the University of Michi-
gan; Utah State University, which is working on problems of the Wasatch
Front; the University of California at Davis, which is concerned with prob-
lems of land use planning, natural ecosystems management, policy analysis,
and distribution of environmental information; Oregon State University,
which is looking at alternatives for the development of the Willamette Val-
ley; Penn State University; and the universities of Wisconsin and Minnesota,
which are concerned with the future of an area to the west of Lake Superior.
Nitrogen and phosphorus are two of the major nutrients involved in accel-
erated eutrophication of the nation's waterways and growing amounts of both
can be attributed to wastes from industries, agriculture, and households. The
University of Illinois is being assisted to study nitrogen usage in agriculture
and ways by which amounts entering surface or ground waters can be reduced
while protecting capabilities of farms to meet food requirements at reason-
able cost. Meanwhile, with Foundation assistance, Case Western Reserve
University is studying means of managing phosphorus as a pollutant on a
regional basis. Cornell University is devoting particular attention to prob-
lems of agricultural wastes, particularly those associated with intensive ani-
mal and crop production.
It is clear that the fouling of waterways by sewage is a major national
problem and most communities at least have plans for secondary treatment,
which removes most objectionable materials but still leaves plant nutrients
(such as nitrogen and phosphorus), and some toxic materials in the effluent.
The Foundation in 1972 supported work at the City University of New York
and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in their studies of the use
of shell fish to harvest algae produced from nutrient-rich effluent—one sys-
tem of "tertiary" treatment. Attention is being given at Woods Hole to the
fate of human viruses in such effluent—knowledge of which could be impor-
tant either to the production and use of marine organisms or to the recycling
of waste water for human use. At Michigan State University the Foundation
has contributed to costs of a system of sewage management involving sys-
tematic purification of waters by means of a series of interconnected lakes
in which natural systems effect purification.
One of the more urgent and controversial environmental problems has
been the introduction into the environment and into the food chains of non-

53

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

biodegradable pesticides (such as DDT) used for crop, animal, and human
protection. The Foundation is presently supporting work on four different
approaches to solution of the pesticide problem. The universities of Illinois,
Cornell, California at Da-vis, and California at Riverside, are working jointly
on means of creating biodegradable insecticides. Studies at Harvard concen-
trate on the potential uses of juvenile hormones to interrupt the life cycle of
destructive insect pests. Three universities— Cornell, California at Berkeley,
and California at Riverside—are conducting research on pheromones or sex
attractants in insects; these substances may be important in devising new
systems of control by interfering with mating in troublesome species. Devel-
opment of plant resistance would offer the safest approach but this requires
long-term research by highly competent people and can be effected only
with greatly increased financial commitments by state and federal agencies.
The Foundation is helping to support efforts of Mississippi State University,
Texas A & M, the University of California at Davis, and the U. S. Department
of Agriculture to develop resistance of cotton to the boll worm.
A number of heavy metals and other toxic substances, like the non-
biodegradable pesticides, constitute a substantial problem in efforts to clean
up the nation's air and waterways. The University of Missouri is receiving
support for the development of new techniques for measuring and evaluat-
ing concentrations of toxic materials in samples of air, water, or organic
matter. Foundation funds assist the California Institute of Technology to
study the distribution of heavy metals in the environment of the Los Angeles
region—an attempt to trace certain of these materials from their sources
to their ultimate fate in the land, the oceans, or food chains.
Basic to an understanding of the effects of nutrient or toxic substances
on biological systems is an understanding of the functioning of ecosystems.
An interdisciplinary group at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-
phia is, with Foundation support, studying in detail a small watershed. It is
attempting to understand interactions of organisms, the flow of energy in the
system, and the effects of nutrients or other substances on the delicate complex
of organisms.
Several other ecological studies and training programs were supported by
the Foundation during the last year. These were the Thorne Ecological Insti-
tute for work on two regions in Colorado, at the University of Colorado for
a study of land development practices in nearby mountain areas and at
Douglas Lake Biological Station of the University of Michigan.
There is increasing awareness of and substantial work on problems of
some cities by public agencies and educational and research institutions.
While .some Foundation-supported work described in previous paragraphs
has application in urban areas, the Foundation is contributing to several

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© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 more direct attempts to solve urban problems. During the past year the
Administration and Management Research Association of the City of New
York undertook an environmental intern program. The California Institute
of Technology is working on control of automotive emissions as well as on
the fate of heavy metals in an urban area. Columbia University's study of
environmental pollution by its School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
has received limited support by the Foundation for several years. The State
University of New York at Stony Brook is involved in training minority group
students for professional careers dealing with environmental problems in the
public sector.
In New England, assistance in environmental planning is being given to
a number of smaller communities by Harvard University, the University of
Massachusetts, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the Rhode
Island School of Design.
Two other activities of national importance received support in 1972. The
Institute on Man and Science in New York has undertaken an evaluation of
federal guidelines for environmental impact studies, and the Scientists' Insti-
tute for Public Information in New York is concerned with research and
publications to help the public assess problems of the environment.
While the initial focus of the Foundation's efforts has been on environ-
mental problems of the United States, it has followed with interest recent
international developments, particularly the Stockholm Conference. Because
of the significance of this event, the Foundation provided funds to the Smith-
sonian Research Foundation in the District of Columbia toward costs of staff
for an Advisory Committee on the Conference. And the National Public
Radio of the District of Columbia was assisted in covering it.

GRANTS APPROVED IN 1972

UNITED STATES
ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH ASSOCIATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK:
environmental interns program, $12,500.

ASPEN INSTITUTE FOR HUMANISTIC STUDIES: operations of the International Federation of

Institutes for Advanced Study. 814,500.

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY:

Research on heavy metal pollutants;, §150.000;
Research on control of automobile emissions, §15,000.

CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY. Ohio: phosphorus studies, §500.000,

CITY COLLEGE, CITY UNIVERSITY 01- NEW YORK: research on effluent marictilture as a system
of tertiary sewage treatment, S25.000.

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2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

CLAREMONT COLLEGES, California: faculty-student investigations of electric power, mass
transit, and land use, 810,000.

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, New York: studies of environmental pollution by its School of Engi-
neering and Applied Sciences, $25,000.

CORNELL UNIVERSITY, New York:

Research on pesticides, $50,000;
Research on insect pheromones, $25,000;
Research in the Department of Rural Sociology to obtain the knowledge and attitudes of
public leaders concerning environmental issues of the Hudson River Basin, 815,000.

HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Massachusetts: multi-university field service program centered in

Harvard's School of Design for land-use planning in the New England region, $103,000.

INSTITUTE ON MAN AND SCIENCE, New York: evaluation of federal guidelines for environ-
mental impact studies, $14,100.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OK TECHNOLOGY: investigation of alternative strategies for the

management of critical environmental contnminant« on national and global scales, $15,000.

MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY: research on plant resistance to insects, $30,220.

NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO, District of Columbia: coverage of the Stockholm conference on the
environment, 815,000.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, New Jersey:

Development of ma>s &pcctroscopic sensor for air quality measurements, $15,000;
in ecology at it^ Center »f International Studies, §15,000.

SCIENTISTS' iNsmurE ron Pi UI.K. IM-OKMATION. New Yoik: research and publications to
help the public assess problems of the environment, S25.000.

SMITHSONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION, District of Columbia: staff for an advisory committee

on the 1972 Stockholm conference on the environment. $25.000.

STATK UMVPRSITY OK NEW YORK vr STONY BKOOK: training of minority-group students for
professional careers in the public sector concerned with environmental problems, $385,000.

TEXAS A ,1 M UNIVERSITY: research on plant resistance to insects, $116,300.

TIIOKNE ECOLOGICAL INSTITUTE. Colorado: ecological studies of two regions in Colorado,

$10,000.

UNIVERSITY OK ARIZONA: for Mahmoud M, Shabandar to prepare a definitive report on the

University's Power/ Water/ Food project supported by previous RF grants, §8,000.

UNIVERSITY or CALIFORNIA:
Berkeley
Research on pesticides. $50.000:
Resi'Jirrh on insect phemmtme.;-. $25.000.

Davis
Study by its Division of Environment;!! Studies of natural ecosystems management, land-
use planning, policy analyst, and delivery of information, S-190,000;
on plant resistance to insects. SlM,M9.

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2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 Riverside
Research on insect pheromones, $25,000;
Research in pesticides, §50,000,

UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO: study of land development practices in the Colorado mountains,

89,500.

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA: research on herbivorous fish useful in the biological control of

aquatic plants, $25,000.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS: research on pesticides, $50,000.

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN: environmental research at the Douglas Lake Biological Station,

$15,000.

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI: research on heavy metals and organic compounds in the environ-
ment, $183,000.

UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN: improvement of environmental quality in the Lake Superior

region, §656,000.

WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, Massachusetts:

Study of marine resource exploitation, $14,455;
Workshop on the ecology of the coastal zone, 85,175.

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2003 The Rockefeller Foundation
CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

"How to Relate the

Artist to His Society

for the Good of All"

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 hen Dr. John H. Knowles arrived at the Foundation, he began asking
questions of us, and we began to ask ourselves questions. Why should the
Foundation continue to have a program in the arts when giving at the national
and state levels seemed to be increasing? If the Foundation should continue
to work in the arts, what should its concentrations be? Are the arts a bottom-
less pit?
The answer to the last question is. Yes. But then so are the Long Island
Railroad and interplanetary travel, and they may be necessary, too.

WHAT ARE THE ARTS?

Nicholas Berdyaev once wrote: "Everything begins in religion and ends

in politics." No mention of the arts there, but let's see what happens in the
transition.
Many of the nobler aspirations of a society or of an organization such
as the Foundation have stemmed from the lives of persons who denied
themselves to serve others. Many of those benefactors of mankind whose
doctrines and lives were one are called saints. And while the bulk of their
message has been in advocating a particular life style or discipline, their
words and deeds have found their way into the arts and sciences, and, ulti-
mately, from their simple lives into federal poverty programs or Medicare.
In A.D. 1213, St. Francis of Assisi paused on a road and told a flock of
birds that they should praise God for the blessings of food, flight, and
feathers. Tin's simple sermon broke forever the line dividing the supersen-
sual from the mundane. The arts reverberated to this new perception of
nature. In painting, it changed the Byzantine formalism of depicting saints
asflatimages against gold backgrounds to the naturalism of the Renaissance,
as Giotto and Cimabue depicted the occasion with realistic treatments of the
birds and, of course, St. Francis. In poetry, St. Francis's song, "The Praises
of the Creatures," was thefirstcanticle in the Italian language, and was the
source of inspiration and the direct model for the poems of Dante and Pe-
trarch. Social historians speak of the great effect of this joyous song on the
religious feelings of the masses of people during the late middle ages.
The arts were, therefore, communicators, purveyors of a message. In
St. Francis's case it was a message of brotherhood of all creatures under
the Fatherhood of God. Today, however, the arts may be communicators of
bitter resentment or of desperate struggle. Spray-can painting. Is it an art
or a desecration? Is it harmless, like carving initials in a tree? Or do we
object to seeing buses and subways covered with brilliantly sprayed names
merely because, unlike the whisky ads, or posters for lurid films, apray-can
art is unpaid for, and therefore unsanctioned? Is it a pure art? More impor-

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© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 tant, is it communication? Whoever JOE 135 or RICO 128 are, they are
voices trying to be heard in a society that may be turning a deaf ear to the
cries of the poor, the needful. The first question should not be, how much
money does it cost to scrub the subways clean, but what is being said.
It is a question of high art versus low art. Is art a commodity or an activ-
ity? Is it the private preserve of a priesthood, or is it a natural language of all
people? These questions are not new, but are being newly asked.
The RF has undertaken a ten-year review of its program in Cultural
Development, emphasizing work in the arts. The review points out that
high and low art expanded dramatically in the 1960's both in terms of
activity and levels of support. The arts became more visible than ever before
and the people seemed to want more access to them. Lincoln Center was a
bellwether of high art at its inception in 1956 and then in 1962 when it
opened thefirstof its buildings, Philharmonic Hall. The concept of subsidy
in the arts—long opposed for fear of censorship—was manifested with the
creation, under Nelson Rockefeller, of the New York State Council on the
Arts in 1960, and the creation five years later of the National Endowment
for the Arts. And two important studies—the Rockefeller Panel Report and
that by Princeton economists, Bowen and Baumol—told us that there was
no real Arts Boom, but rather a depressed condition in the arts in which the
very life of the arts was in danger.
The work of the Foundation-supported Business Committee on the Arts
had stimulated giving to the arts on the part of corporations, and other
major foundations were working wilh considerable sums in the field. It has
been estimated that in 1971 there was some $800 million available to the
arts from all sources. What, therefore, could the RF do with its approxi-
mately $3 million a year; its approximately $28 million over the ten-year
period beginning 1962?
The case for risk capital from foundations had been made by the Founda-
tion's Trustees and this had in fact been a major use of funds in arts proj-
ects—risk capital was made available to help established institutions adapt
to the stresses of a society in anguished transition and to help new organiza-
tions come into being when a need existed for them. A symphony orchestra
could be helped to develop a program that would respond to composers,
or a dance company could be created in Utah. The low arts, the public
arts, were supported through commercial enterprises anH they needed no
protection or subsidy. So the Foundation worked with the high art institutions.

WHERE ARE WE NOW?

In the 1960's ihe arts were becoming democratized—people demanded

more access to them. Museums sprang up in ghettos, dance companies toured

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2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

colleges, orchestras left their concert halls in search of audiences, and theatres
conducted workshops in prisons. We began to learn that art, indeed, was not
for a priesthood of initiates. But we have only just begun to learn this.
The democratization of the 1960's led to the "populism" of the 1970's.
As the clamor for access to arts experiences increased, funding sources
began looking more to socially oriented programs to justify their expendi-
tures. Especially in federal and state subsidy agencies, the emphasis was
to be away from "art for art's sake" and on "what can the arts do for
people?" The charge of "elitism," which has now replaced the expression
"irrelevance" and means roughly the same thing, was leveled against the
long-established arts organizations, which were for the most part in deep
financial trouble—orchestras, theatres, dance and ballet companies, opera
companies, museums. And a fear has now grown up among the "elites" that
future funding patterns, if rationalized on purely social grounds, may fail to
take into account a primary reason for their existence: an allegiance to high
standards of arts preservation. A symphony orchestra must still be able to
rehearse the Beethoven Ninth Symphony if this great humanistic document is
to survive in a "live" form. It takes just as long to rehearse and play the "Ode
to Joy" today, but costs more than it did in 1822 or 1872.

WHAT SHOULD WE DO?

In narrowing down a vast problem regarding the future of the arts in

America and the sources available for their development, four questions
have emerged which tend to define the limits of a future program in the
arts at the Foundation:
How can we continue to assist the source of art, the creative person, to
develop and practice the craft? Should we continue to assist playwrights
and devise new programs for composers and choreographers and other cre-
ative artists which will meet their needs to develop work and have it per-
formed for people?
How can we help to make the arts more central to general education and
schools more responsive to the arts as a stimulus to intellectual and practical
creativity? It has been said that the public school child perceives his school
as a prison. This is not surprising, considering the bleak corridors with tiled
walls and ceilings, the rugless and curtainless classrooms of concrete, metal,
and glass. Is there not a role for the arts in devising many more esthetically
stimulating designs for school architecture? Classrooms with the right walls?
How can we encourage the cautious development of new nonprofit arts
organizations which could fill needs not now met; and how can we help estab-
lished organizations lo be more responsive to their roles as agencies of cul-
tural change?

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 How can we use television for the arts and for explication of and fur-
ther exposure of RF programs? The recent National Endowment-sponsored
Arts/Media show in Washington, D. C. made a mixed but positive case for
the use of the arts in television, and relied heavily on RF supported
work emanating from the National Center for Experiments in Television,
the Southern Methodist University Television Workshop, the workshop at
WGBH-TV Boston, and the new laboratory at WNET. Cable television
is a tantalizing but tangled skein of promise in which pie in the sky is
offered the arts. There are major issues here to be resolved, but also im-
portant areas of possible Foundation involvement: citizen feed-back con-
cepts and social programs, for example. But the question might be should
the RF back programs or help build institutions in this new field? And
how to work in a field with apparent but perhaps illusory commercial
possibilities?
In 1953, Albert Camus wrote: "the era of the chairbound artist is over.. ..
One of the temptations of the artist is to believe himself solitary, and in
truth he hears this shouted at him with a certain base delight. But this is
not true. He stands in the midst of all, in the same rank, neither higher nor
lower, with all those who are working and struggling. His very vocation,
in the face of oppression, is to open the prisons and to give a voice to the
sorrows and joys of all. This is where art, against its enemies, justifies itself
by proving precisely that it is no one's enemy. By itself, art could probably
not produce the renascence which implies justice and liberty. But wilhout it,
that renascence would be without forms, and consequently would be nothing.
Without culture, and the relative freedom it implies, society even when per-
fect, is but a jungle. This is why any authentic creation is a gift to the future,"
The arts are sources of perception, and communication of perceptions.
Therefore they can be seen not as commodities—ends in themselves—but
as conduits for Berdyaev's doctrine that "Everything begins in religion
and ends in politics." Our question and task, therefore, is how to relate the
artist to his society for the good of all.

GRANTS APPROVED IN 1972

AFRICAN CULTURAL CKNTER, New York: residency of Charles Gordon, playwright, §10,000.

AMERICAN UNIVKRSITY. District of Columbia: scholarships to the National Youth Orchestra

by the Wolf Trap American University, $20,000.

AMKIUCAN UNIVKHSITIKS FIELD STAM-\ New Hampshire: documentation by Lael Warren Mor-
gan of current transitions in Eskimo life in Alaska. SI 1.(100.

ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY: internships in university administration, $10.500.

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2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 BEREA COLLEGE, Kentucky: development of original drama from Appalachian sources and
further development of its Puppetry Caravan, §23,530.

BEBKSHIRE THEATRK FESTIVAL, Massachusetts: creative and educational theatre programs in

the New England area, $25,000.

BROOKLYN COLLEGE OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK : Institute for Studies in American
Music, $25,000.

CELL BLOCK THEATRE WORKSHOPS, New York: workshops in prisons, $23,980.

CENTER STAGE ASSOCIATES, Maryland: theatre program for children and young people in-
volving the public schools, $14,912.

CINCINNATI PLAYHOUSE IN THE PARK, Ohio: residency of Maria Irene Fornes, playwright,
§10,000.

CIRCLE IN THE SQUARE, New York: operations in its new theatre, §25,000.

COLGATE UNIVERSITY, New York: internships in academic administration, §15,000,

COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION BOARD, New York: analyzing the results of a conference
on academic policy co-sponsored by the Board and Harvard University, $3,500.

CONNECTICUT COLLEGE: reconstructing some of the great American modern dances of the
recent past, 815,000.

DUKE UNIVERSITY, North Carolina: development of a new oral history multiracial research
and teaching program concerning the South since 1890, §230,000.

EDUCATIONAL BROADCASTING CORPORATION, New York: second phase of development of Sta-

tion WNETs Experimental Television Laboratory, §400,000.

ELM A LKWIS SCHOOL OK FINE ARTS, Boston: creative and performing work of its professional
dance company, $350,800.

EXPERIMENTAL ARTS AND CRAFTS CENTER ASSOCIATION, Alaska:firstphase in the develop-

ment of the Center. §25,000.

FREE SOUTHERN THEATER, Louisiana: Ensemble and Drama Workshop, 825,000.

HENRY STREET SF.TTLEMKNT, New York: New Federal Theater, $100,000.

HUNTER COLLEGE OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK: Arts Center, $25,000.
INDIANA UNIVERSITY: William H. Wiggins, to do research on emancipation celebrations in
the United States, $7,000.
INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY, New Jersey:
Kenneth R, Maxwell to study Caribbean slave unrest in relation to eighteenth-century
democratic revolutions, 815,840;
Review of modern Russian and Soviet studies in the United States. $3,500.
INSTITUTE OF SOCIETY, ETHICS AND THE Line SCIENCES, New York: development of a research
and teaching program in ethics, humanities, and the life sciences, 846,666.
INTERNATIONAL FILM SEMINARS, Vermont: history of doeumenlary film by Willard Van Dyke.
§4,000.
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, Maryland: appointment of two anthropologists and a historian
to develop un interdisciplinary program relating the North American experience to that of
Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean, $99,802.

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 LAMAMA EXPERIMENTAL THEATRE CLUB, New York: development of its resident troupes,
$225,000.

MAGIC THEATRE, California: residency of Jeffrey Mark Wanshel, playwright, 310,000.

MANHATTAN SCHOOL OF Music, New York: string training by its Preparatory Division in
conjunction with a junior high school, and the creation of string training music for Ameri-
can children, $25,000.

MANHATTAN THEATRE CLUB, New York: development of a new program in theatre, $15,000.

MILLS COLLEGE, California: expansion and further development of its Center for Contem-
porary Music, $75,000.

MINNEAPOLIS SOCIETY OF FINE ARTS, Minnesota: development of its Children's Theatre,

$500,000.

NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES, District of Columbia:firstJefferson Lecture

in the Humanities, 86,000.

NATIONAL Music COUNCIL, New York: study of pooling administrative facilities of New York
offices of a number of nonprofit music organizations, $1,800.

NEW ORLEANS PHILHARMONIC SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA, Louisiana: further development of its

instrumental and orchestral youth-training program and of teaching materials designed for
American children, 522,129.

NEW SCHOOL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH, New York: Professor Hans Morgenthan to continue re-
search on an analysis of President Lincoln's political philosophy, S9.800.

NEW THEATRE WORKSHOP, New York: toward the costs of establishing The Acting Company.
$20,000.

NEW YORK SHAKESPEARE FESTIVAL: program of experimental theatre for American play-
wrights, and the development of an American national thealre service agency, $480.000.

OPERA ASSOCIATION OF NKW MEXICO: Apprentice Program fur Technicians at the Santa
Fe Opera, §25,000.

PAPER BAG PLAYERS, New York: expansion of their activities in childrenV theatre, $100,000.

PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY: to stienglhen its program in Religion and the American
Culture, $30,000.
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, New Jersey:
Development of a professional theatre program, S200.000;
Princeton University Press, pre-publication costs of the quarterly Philosophy & Public
Aftairs, §15.000.
RADCLIKFE COLLEGE, Massachusetts:
For use by the Radcliffe Institute for post-doctoral fellowships for women in university
and college teaching, $25,000;
Gail Thain Parker to do research on the papers- of Charlotte Perkin.s Oilman, an early
k'udor in the American women V movement, §5,150.
RKPKHTOHY THEATER OK LINCOLN CUNTKR. Now York: toward costs of it? 1972-73 season,
825,000.
ST. FKI.IX STHEKT CORPORATION, New York: for the creative activities of the Brooklyn Acad-
emy of Music in the areas of music, dunce, and dramn. §500,000.

65

P 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

ST. Louis SYMPHONY SOCIETY, Missouri: performance project involving experiments in acous-
tical technology, $15,000.

ST. MARY'S CITY COMMISSION, Maryland: program to provide young historians with a prac-
tical introduction to the related discipline of archeology, $25,000.

SAN FRANCISCO CONSERVATORY OF Music: community music education project in cooperation

with, and to effect a permanent affiliation with, the Community Music Center, $181,000.

SARATOGA PERFORMING ARTS CENTER, New York: drama training program, and residency of
the Juilliard acting company, $10,000.

SOUTHEASTERN ACADEMY OF THEATRE AND Music, Georgia: expansion of the program of the
Academy Theatre, $40,000.

STREET THEATER, New York: workshops in prisons, $25,000.

THEATRE FOR THE FORGOTTEN, New York: workshops in prisons, $23,200.

UNIVERSAL CHRISTIAN CHURCH, Maryland: expansion of educational programs at the Appa-

lachian South Folklife Center, Pipestem, West Virginia, $25,000.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA :
Berkeley
George P. Capture to develop material related to the history of the Gros Ventre Indian
tribe, $3,000;

Los Angeles
Development of its Graduate Dance Center, $80,000.

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA: completion of a film of Ruth St. Denis's dance work, "Radha,"
815,000.

UNIVERSITY OF IOWA:
Program to integrate film study with the University's American Civilization Program,
$90,000;
Darwin T. Turner, for research on poet-novelist Jean Toomer, $615.

UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA: support for the Office for Advanced Drama Research to find new
playwrights and obtain productions for them throughout the country, $65,000.

UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS, Austin: workshop for playwrights, §3,000.

WASHINGTON DRAMA SOCIETY, District of Columbia: the Living Stage, an improvisational

program for young people, 825,000.

WESTMINSTER CHOIR COLLEGE, New Jersey: exploration of contemporary and future direc-
tions in church music, §15,000.

YALE UNIVERSITY: oral history project related to American music by Mrs. Vivian Perlis.
$24,000.

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

ALLIED INTERESTS

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 .here is finally one area of Foundation activity which focuses less on at-
tacking clearly defined problems like world hunger, overpopulation, or social
injustice, than on understanding the nature of the problems that confront us
and formulating the questions we must ask in order to resolve them. Much
of The Rockefeller Foundation's activity characterized as allied interests
serves to lay a groundwork for action where both information and con-
sensus are lacking. A corollary is providing support for other organizations
dedicated to like ends and strengthening the framework within which private
philanthropy can make a meaningful contribution to national goals.
Foundation support has gone to small and large undertakings that expand
and test our information base and working assumptions in such areas as
religion and ethics, international relations, economics, health care, education,
and social welfare. Most of the programs in addition to exploration and eval-
uation undertake to foster liaison between estranged segments of our society
—between specialists and laymen, scientists and policy-makers, business and
the community, established authorities and the rising generation of scholars.
As such programs develop momentum, one or another may be singled out
for long-term Foundation commitment, if opportunities to make a substantive
contribution and provide leadership become clear. This was the case with
the program in Quality of the Environment. Other grants classed as allied
interests buttress the Foundation's major programs. In 1972 support went for
research to develop mean? of health care delivery and studies of the special
health problems of drug abuse and schistosomiasis; international relations
and economic development were also of continuing concern.

HEALTH CARE PLANNING

The provision of health services to the public both in the United States and
in developing countries is notoriously disorganized and inadequate. In the
developing world there is little reliable data on which to base plans for
medical care systems for an entire community, utilizing the financial, profes-
sional, and institutional resources at hand. One program aimed at designing
such procedures is being carried out at the University of Valle in Colombia,
under the auspices of a consortium of Colombian institutions, with the par-
ticipation of Harvard University and the World Health Organization. A grant
made by the Foundation this year will support this effort, which is expected
to create a pattern for planning thai will be useful to other nations in all
stages of development.
Planning to provide health rare for (he poor in the United States is equally
necessary, Evaluation of medical services in Nashville, Tennessee, is being-

OS

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 carried out by Meharry Medical College, a predominantly black institution.
The Foundation made a grant this year to enable the College to expand an
ongoing study of three comparable low-income populations, each having
access to a different set of medical facilities, which range from a planned
community program run by Meharry to use of the outpatient and emergency
units of local hospitals and occasional private care. Effectiveness of the serv-
ices provided, quality of medical care, costs, and other factors are being
weighed in a long-range study that is expected to have nationwide significance.

DRUG DEPENDENCY

In cities all over this country drug abuse,has reached epidemic propor-
tions; its social causes and consequences are among our gravest problems.
A pilot study on the use of low-dose methadone to rehabilitate adolescent
heroin addicts is being conducted by Cornell University Medical College in
collaboration with The Rockefeller University and with Rockefeller Founda-
tion support. The epidemiological approach used in this research is providing
insights into teen-age drug use and associated antisocial behavior. Other
hopeful signs include the high rate of patients continuing in the program and
returning to school or holding jobs, and a reported decrease in the number of
drug pushers and addicts in the high school around which the study centers.

SCHISTOSOMIASIS

Schistosomiasis is a disease of tropical agricultural populations who live

without modern sanitation. Besides spreading human misery it acts as a block
to economic and social development. Because the blood parasite that causes
the disease develops in freshwater snails, schistosomiasis can be a dangerous
side-effect of water-basin projects or irrigation works in less-developed coun-
tries. It wastes manpower, saps health resources, lowers productivity. For a
number of years The Rockefeller Foundation has been supporting a large-
scale experimental project based on the island of St. Lucia in the West Indies,
aimed at developing methods of controlling schistosomiasis. Using an inter-
disciplinary approach, the program has tested the effectiveness of various
measures—medical treatment of the victims, provision of clean water, snail
eradication, public education. Several studies supported this year, including
an important research program at Brown University, are advancing this effort.
Recent work at Brown and elsewhere suggests the possibility of an immii-
nological approach to schistosomiiusivS a solution thai up to now has seemed
beyond reach. A simple immunization procedure against the disease would
eliminate an especially insidious public health hazard and open up enormous
developmental opportunities for backward areas all over the tropics and
subtropics.

09

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Three important grants made in 1972 reflect the Foundation's continuing

commitment to promoting understanding among nations and helping less-
developed countries gain a firm economic footing at home and hold their
own in the world community. In order to prepare future intellectual leaders
who can deal with questions of foreign policy and international economics,
substantial grants were made to the Brookings Institution and the School of
Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University to enable them
to associate gifted younger scholars with ongoing research in international
affairs. A grant to the Overseas Development Council will support its program
of research, analysis, and public education devoted to the problems of the
poorer countries and the role of the industrialized nations in their develop-
ment. An award to Johns Hopkins continues support for its program of train-
ing for young diplomats from the developing world.
Other grants intended to foster the international exchange of ideas were
made to the Ecumenical Institute for Advanced Theological Studies for the
establishment of a world center for studies in religion and ethics, based in
Jerusalem; to the National Academy of Sciences for investigation of the pos-
sibility of developing an international foundation for sciences; to the Institute
for International Order, the United Nations Association of the United Stales
of America, and still other organizations dedicated to studying international
problems and promoting world cooperation.

GRANTS AND PROGRAMS APPROVED IN 1972

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS

Schistosomiasis Research and Control Project, St. Lucia S 411,680

Field Staff $260,180
Project support 151,500

Yale Arbovirus Researcli Unit 138,780

BeJIagio Study and Conference Center, Italy 352.520

Field Staff $ 46,450
Project support 306.070

Publications 7,900

International Conferences 11,840

Unallocated Contingency Reserve for International Programs 2jO,000

$1,172,720

70

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 INTERNATIONAL
1972 JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER 3RD YOUTH AWARD presented to Peggy Cooper of Washington,
D. C, $11,000.

CANADA
UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO: research by Professor A. D. Harrison to document the absence of
snail vectors of schistosomiasis and fascioliasis on selected Caribbean islands, particularly
St. Vincent, $25,000.

COLOMBIA
UNIVERSITY OF VALLE: collaboration with Harvard University and other institutions in studies
of health care in Colombia, §500,000.

ITALY
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, schistosomiasis research, $8,300.

NIGERIA
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN: National Health Planning Symposium to be held in Ibadan in 1973,
$10,000.

UNITED KINGDOM
UNIVERSITY OF READING: conference on "Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis"
held at the Bellagio Study and Conference Center, $5,000,

UNITED STATES
AFRICAN-AMERICAN INSTITUTE, New York: operation of the Africa Policy Information Center,
$22,000.
AMERICAN ASSEMBLY, New York: meetings on the role of foundations in American society,
$25,000.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, District of Columbia: Office of
Internationa] Scientific Affairs, 825,000.
ASIA SOCIETY, New York: conference on prospects for Southeast Asia in the seventies, $10,000.
BARNAKD COLLEGE, New York: study on the ethics of using human subjects in biomedical
research, $25,000.
BROOKINGS INSTITUTION, District of Columbia: associating outstanding young scholars with
its Foreign Policy Studies Program, $200,000.
BROWN UNIVERSITY, Rhode Island: schistosomiasis research under the direction of Dr. Alfred
W. Senft and Dr. Paul M. Knopf, associate professors of Medical Sciences, $193,000.
CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE, New York: training programs for young
foreign service officers from developing countries, $7,9oO.
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, New York: study of .social responsibility in management of investment
portfolios, $25,000.
CORNELL UNIVERSITY, New York:
Investigation of adolescent drug dependency, 5210,637;
Sehistosomiasis research, $10,000.

71

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 COUNCIL ON FOUNDATIONS, New York: Public Affairs and Education Program, $100,000.

FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY: completion of research on economic aspects of increased grain

production in less-developed countries, $15,000.

HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Massachusetts:

Schistosomiasis research, $54,000;
Study of surgeons and surgical care in the United States, $25,000;
Graduate School of Business Administration for a study of social considerations in the
corporate decision-making process, $14,000;
Professor Marcelo Selowsky, Department of Economics, Development Research Group of
the Center for International Affairs, for research on the effects of educational investment
on economic growth in the less-developed countries, $5,620.

INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ORDER, New York: for use by its World Law Fund on its
World Order Models Project, $15,000.

INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF HEALTH AND SOCIETY, District of Columbia: program develop-
ment, $15,000.

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, Maryland:

Associating outstanding young scholars with its Washington Center of Foreign Policy
Research, $100,000;
Seminars for young foreign service officers from developing countries stationed in the
District of Columbia, $75,000;
Schistosomiasis research, $15,000.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TI-.UIIYOLQGY: research on inflation in Chile, by Dr. Vittorio

Corho of the Catholic University of Chile, $5.937,

MLHARRY MEDICAL COI.I.EOK, Tennessee: studies on the quality of health care, 3500,000.

NATIONAL ACADEMY OK SCIENCES, District of Columbia:

Studies of possible establishment of an International Foundation for Science, $25,000;
Visit of Chinese physicians to the United States. §25,000;
Essays on Copernican-type revolutions in scientific thought, §15,000.

NATIONAL AFFILIATION OF CONCERNED BUSINESS STUDENTS, Illinois: symposium on "Cor-

porate Social Policy in a Dynamic Society," $10,000.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR FOREIGN STUDENT AFFAIRS, District of Columbia: study of the
visa and employment situation for foreign students in the United States. $2,500.

NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH. New York: research and training program of its
Center for Economic Analysis of Human Behavior and Social Institutions, $250.000.

NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON UNITED STATES-CHINA RELATIONS, New York: visit to China by a

delegation from tho committee, $8,000.

OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL, District of Columbia: continuing program of reappraisal

and education on the problems of less-developed countries. $125,000.

REGIONAL PLAN ASSOCIATION, New York: citizen mobilization effort of its Television Town
Meetings, "Choices, ior !70." $25,000.

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ROCKEFELLER ARCHIVES AND RESEARCH CENTER, New York: planning, construction, and
organization, $133,500.

ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE FOUNDATION, New York: Anglo-American Conference on Drug

Abuse, $5,000,

SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES, California: study of societal features of repetitive
drug use, §10,000.

STUDENT (ADVISORY) COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, District of Columbia: research,

publication, and seminar programs bringing students and public leaders together to discuss
U. S. involvement in international affairs, $15,000.

UNITED NATIONS ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, New York: research by
young scholars associated with its Policy Panel Studies Program on the future of interna-
tional institutions, $15,000.

U. S. CONFERENCE FOR THE WORLD COUNCIL OF CHURCHES, New York: study of nonviolent
methods of achieving social change, $15,000.

UNIVERSITY OF DENVER: Graduate School of International Studies for a study on external

investment in South and South West Africa, §10,000.

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN: schistosomiasis research in Africa under the direction of Dr. John
B. Burch, $9,000.

UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME, Indiana: Ecumenical Institute for Advanced Theological

Studies, Jerusalem, $500,000.

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: study of possible resource sharing with other univer-
sities, $25,000.

WESTERN COLLEGE, Ohio: salary of a Coordinator of Multicultural Events, $14.100.

73

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2003 The Rockefeller Foundation
STUDY AWARDS

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 . he Foundation's study awards are closely integrated with its interest in the
agricultural sciences, the biomedical sciences, the social sciences, and the
arts and humanities. Awards are made internationally to outstanding men and
women who have shown promise of making important contributions to their
fields of study in their native countries. Today direct fellowship-scholarship
awards are made principally for training selected individuals drawn from
those developing institutions abroad in which the Foundation has an active pro-
gram interest. For 1972 the Trustees approved a fund of $3,200,000 for
fellowships and scholarships. A fund of $3,150,000 was approved for alloca-
tion during 1973. This fund by no means represents the full extent of the
Foundation's commitment to training. Most grants to universities and research
institutes, as well as to other types of organizations, include funds to permit
the inclusion of graduate students or other trainees, as may be appropriate,
in the enterprise.
During 1972 a total of 386 persons held Foundation fellowships and schol-
arships; 316 awards that began in previous years continued active in 1972,
and 70 new awards became active during the year. Their distribution by pro-
gram is as follows:

STUDY AWARDS NEW NUMBER OF

FROM PREVIOUS AWAKDS AWARDS
YEARS CONTINUED IN ACTIVE IN
INTO 1972 1972 1972

Agricultural Sciences 107 30 137

Arts and Humanities 14 ~ 14
Biomedical Sciences 83 18 101
Social Sciences 112 21 133
Natural and Environmental Sciences — 1 1

316 70 386

Rockefeller Foundation fellows and scholars in 1972 came from the follow-
ing countries:

I'HEVlOUij NEW PREVIOUS NEW

AWARDS AWAIIDS AWAHDS AWAHDS
Argentina 1 Ecuador 1
Hrazil 10 Kl Salvador 2
Chile 13 Ethiopia 3 5
Colombia 49 14 Guatemala 1

76

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 Guyana 1 Sri Lanka
India 10 (Ceylon) l
Kenya 19 3 Sudan l
Korea 1 Tanzania 19 2
Malawi 1 Thailand 68 19
Mexico 12 1 Turkey 6 1
Nicaragua 1 Uganda 17 4
Nigeria 46 10 United Arab
Pakistan 1 Republic 1
Peru 8 United States 2 4
Philippines 23 4 Zai're 1

FELLOWS AND SCHOLARS: 1972 AWARDS

F: Fellow; S: Scholar; AGR: Agricultural Sciences;
BMS: Biomedical Sciences; AH: Arts and Humanities; SS: Social Sciences;
RB: Reproductive Biology; NES: Natural and Environmental Sciences.

COLOMBIA
HECTOR BENITEZ M.S., University of Nebraska, 1971. Poultry Nutrition and Management.
Appointed from Institute Colombians Agiopecuario. Place of study: U.S.A. S-ACR
JAVIER BERNAL M.S., Cornell University, 1970. Agronomy. Appointed from Instituto
Colombiano Agropecuario. Place of study: U.S.A. S-ACR
GERMAN A. CADAVID SCHU.\KZBAUI Ing. Agr., National Univer.sity, 1970. Agricultural
Engineering. Appointed from Universidad del Valle. Place of study: U.S.A. S-BRIS
ALVARO CASTRO M.S., Texas A & M University, 1968. Beef Cattle Production. Appointed
from Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario. Place of study: U.S.A. S-AGR
Luis FAJARDO M.D., Universidad del Valle, 1966. Nutrition. Appointed from Universidad
del Valle. Place of study: U.S.A. S-DMS
GUILLERMO GONZALEZ M.S., University of Wisconsin, 1971. Virology. Appointed from
Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario. Place of study: U.S.A. S-AGR
CESAR LOBO M.S., University of Wisconsin, 1972. Veterinary Medicine. Appointed from
Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario. Place of study: U.S.A. S-ACR
ALEjANDRoPALACios M.S., Stanford University. 1964. Civil Enpineerinp. Appointed from
Universidad del Valle. Place of study: U.S.A. S-BMS
RODRIGO PAHEDES M.S., University of Florida. 1963. Chemistry. Appointed from Universi-
dad del Valle. Place of study: U.S.A. S-BMS
EMIHO ROJAS M.S., University of Nebraska. 1970. Agronomy. Appointed from Instituto
Colombiano Agropecuario; and National University. Plan1 of .-itudy: U.S.A. S-AGR
CARLOS TRUJILLO Electromeciinico Inp,, Universidad del Vnlle, 1059. Electrical Engineer-
ing. Appointed from Universidad del Valle. Place of study: U.S.A. S-HMS
Gutu.EHMo VALDES Electromecanico Ing,. Universidad del Valle, 1965. Applied Mathe-
matics. Appointed from Univei>idad di'l Valle. Place of study: U.S.A. s-

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FERNANDO VILLAFANE M.S., Colorado State University, 1971. Veterinary Pathology. Ap-
pointed from Institute Colorabiano Agropecuario. Place of study: U.S.A. S-AGR
PEDRO VILLEGAS M.S., Texas A & M University, 1971. Veterinary Microbiology. Appointed
from Institute Colombiano Agropecuario. Place of study: U.S.A. S-AGR

EL SALVADOR
HUGH SALVADOR CORDOVA ORELLANA Ing. Agr., University of Coahuila, 1969. Plant Breed-
ing. Appointed from Office of Agricultural Research and Extension. Place of study:
Mexico. S-ACR
RAFAEL A. QUINTENO B.S., University of California, Davis, 1959. Animal Science. Ap-
pointed from Foundation for the Development of Cooperatives. Place of study:
U.S.A. S-AGR

ETHIOPIA
BERHANE KJFLEWAHID M.S., University of Wisconsin, 1969. Animal Nutrition. Appointed
from Haile Selassie I University. Place of study: U.S.A. S-AGR
DEREJE ASHAGARI M.S., Oklahoma State University, 1969. Plant Pathology. Appointed
from Haile Selassie I University. Place of study: U.S.A. S-AGR
MELAK H. MENCESHA Ph.D., Purdue University, 1964. Plant Breeding and University
Administration. Appointed from Haile Selassie I University. Place of study: U.S.A. F-ACR
MESFIN ABEBE M.S., University of California, Riverside, 1970. Agronomy. Appointed from
Haile Selassie I University. Place of study: U.S.A. S-AGR
TAREKE BERHE B.Sc., Haile Selassie I University, 1969. Plant Breeding and Genetics.
Appointed from HaiJe Selassie I University. Place of study: U.S.A. S-AGR

KENYA
SHELLEMIAH 0. KEYA M.S., Cornell University, 1970. Agronomy. Appointed from Uni-
versity of Nairobi. Place of study: U.S.A. S-AGR
ANDREW K. MULLEI M.A., Howard University, 1969. Economics. Appointed from Uni-
versity of Nairobi. Place of study: U.S.A. s-ss
GEORGE M. RUIGU B.Sc., Makerere University, 1971. Agricultural Economics. Appointed
from University of Nairobi. Place of study: U.S.A. s-ss

MEXICO
FRANCIS ROBERT BIDINGER M.S., University of California, Davis, 1968. Agronomy. Ap-
pointed from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center. Place of study:
U.S.A. S-AGR

NIGERIA
OLAJIDE ABE M.Phil., University of Ibadan, 1967. Statistics. Appointed from University
of Ibadan. Place- of study: U.S.A. S-BMS
ADELOLA ADI:LOVI: M.B.B.S., University of Ibadan (London), 1960. Experimental Tera-
tology. Appointed from University of Ibadan. Place of study: U.S.A. P-BMS
CYHIL I. D. CLAKK B.Sc., University of Ibadan, 1970. Sociology. Appointed from Uni-
versity of Ibadan. Place of study: U.S.A. a-ss

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2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 ITA EKANEM-!TA B.A., University College. 1963. Higher Education. Appointed from
University of Ibadan. Place of study: U.S.A. s-ss
JULIUS FAMILUSI M.B.B.S., University of London, 1962. Pediatric Neurology. Appointed
from University of Ibadan. Place of study: U.S.A. F-BMS
ISAIAH I. IHIMODU B.S., Ahmadu Bello University, 1972. Economics. Appointed from
Ahmadu Bello University. Place of study: U.S.A. s-ss
STEPHEN 0. IMOAGENE Ph.D., University of Ibadan, 1971. Sociology. Appointed from
University of Ibadan. Place of study: Sweden and U.S.A. F-SS
CYRIL C. IROEGBU B.Sc., University of Ibadan, 1965. Agricultural Economics. Appointed
from University of Nigeria. Place of study: U.S.A. s-ss
MAMMAN Z. KANO M.A., Ohio State University, 1970. Anthropology. Appointed from
Ahmadu Bello University. Place of study: U.S.A. s-ss
SAMUEL 0. OLOFIN M.Sc., University of Ibadan, 1972. Economics. Appointed from Uni-
versity of Ibadan. Place of study: U.S.A. s-ss

PHILIPPINES
ELISEO P. CADAPAN M.Sc., University of the Philippines, 1971. Economic Entomology.
Appointed from University of the Philippines. Place of study: U.S.A. S-AGR
PONCIANO HALOS M.S., University of the Philippines, 1970. Plant Pathology. Appointed
from University of the Philippines. Place of study: U.S.A. S-AGR
IRENEO J. MANGUIAT M.S., University of the Philippines, 1970. Soil Microbiology. Ap-
pointed from Internationa] Rice Research Institute. Place of study: U.S.A. S-AGR
TOMAS MASAJO M.S.. University of the Philippines, 1971. Plant Breeding. Appointed
from University of the Philippine?. Place of study: U.S.A. S-AGR

SRI LANKA (CEYLON)

DHARMAWANSA SENADHIRA B.Sc.. University of Ceylon, 1967. Plant Breeding and Genetics.
Appointed from Department of Agriculture. Place of study: U.S.A. S-AGR

TANZANIA
CHRYSAHTH L. A. KAMUZORA M.A., University of Dar es Salaam, 1972. Statistics. Ap-
pointed from University of Dar es Salaam. Place of study: Canada, s-ss
SHIRIN WALJI M.A., University of Wisconsin, 1969. History. Appointed from University
of Dar es Salaam. Place of study: U.S.A. s-ss

THAILAND
APICHART ANUKULARMIMIAI M.Sc., Teclmion. Israel Institute of Technology, 1968. Agri-
cultural Engineering. Appointed from Kasetsart University. Place of study: U.S.A. S-AGR
AROON JUGSUJINDA M.Sc., West Pakistan Agricultural University, 1965, Soil Fertility.
Appointed from Ministry of Agriculture. Placo of study: U.S.A. S-AGH
ASCHAN SUKTHUMRONG M.Sc.Ag., Uttur Pradet.li Agricultural University, 1%9. Agron-
omy. Appointed from Kusetsurt University. Flaw of study: U.S.A. S-AGR
CIIAIWAT KONJING M.S., Michigan State University. 1970. Agricultural Economics. Ap-
pointed from Kusctsart University. Place of study: U.S.A. s-ss

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 CHAMNAN CHUTKAEW M.Sc., Uttar Pradesh Agricultural University, 1969. Agronomy.
Appointed from Ministry of Agriculture. Place of study: U.S.A. S-AGR
CHAVALIT SIRIPIROM M.P.A., University of Pittsburgh, 1969. Social Science. Appointed
from Mahidol University. Place of study: U.S.A. S-BMS
CHESADA LOOHAWENCHIT B.A., Thammasat University, 1972. Economics. Appointed from
Thammasat University. Place of study: U.S.A. s-SS
CHULACHEEB CHINWANNO B.A., Swarthmore College, 1972. Political Science. Appointed
from Mahidol University. Place of study: U.S.A. S-BMS
Dow MONGKOLSMAI M.A., Thammasat University, 1972. Economics. Appointed from
Thammasat University. Place of study: U.S.A. s-ss
GOSAH ARYA M.A., Rutgers University, 1967. Economics. Appointed from Thammasat
University. Place of study: U.S.A. s-ss
NORANIT SETABUTR M.A., Occidental College, 1970. Political Science. Appointed from
Thammasat University. Place of study: U.S.A. s-ss
POONSA-NGA SOMBOONPANYA M.A., Thammasat University, 1972. Economics. Appointed
from Kasetsart University. Place of study: U.S.A. s-ss
PRANEE TIISAKORN B.A., Swarthmore College, 1972. Economics. Appointed from Tham-
masat University. Place of study: U.S.A. s-ss
PREEYA BHOLANIVAS B.Sc., University of Western Australia, 1971. Economics. Appointed
from Thammasat University. Place of study: England, s-ss
SUPOT FAUNGI-UPONG M.S., Iowa State University, 1971. Crop Physiology and Production.
Appointed from Kasetsart University. Place of study: U.S.A. s-AGR
SURAPON OUPADISSAKOON M.S., Oregon State University, 1970. Agronomy. Appointed
from Kasetsart University. Place of study: U.S.A. S-AGR
SinvANi:i: T.VNTII'AIIIA.NANAMJH B.Sc., Mahidol University, 1967. Psychiatric Nursing.
Appointed from Mahidol University. Place of study: U.S.A. S-BMS
THAVITONG HONGVJVATANA M.A., Thammasat University. 1972. Economics. Appointed
from Mahidol University. Place of study: U.S.A. S-BMS
WATTANA SRISUKONTH B.Sc., Mahidol University. 1964. Reproductive Biology. Appointed
from Mahidol University. Place of study: U.S.A. S-BMS

TURKEY
ERDOCAN INDELKN B.S., Ege University, 1963. Plant Breeding. Appointed from Agricul-
tural Research Institute. Place of study: U.S.A. S-AGR

UGANDA
ROUIN D. KimiKA B.A., Yale University. 1971. Economic.-.. Appointed from Mukerere Uni-
versity. Place of study: U.S.A. s-ss
JOSHUA MUGKRWA M.D., University of Kn.«t Africa, 1971. Medicine. Appointed from
Makerere University. Place of study: England. K-UMS
Josmi OKKLLO-OUM.I M.A.. University of ESM>X, 1%8. Political Seienee. Appointed
from Makerere University. Place of study: U.S.A. s-ss
EDISON W. HUGUMAYO B.vSr., Teehnion. Israel Intitule of Technology. 1908. Agricultural
Appointed from Makciviv University. Pldee of study: U.S.A. S-AGR

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2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

UNITED STATES
JOHN N. ARONSON Ph.D., Indiana University, 1959. Reproductive Biology. Appointed
from State University of New York, Albany. Place of study: England. F-BMS-RB
JAMES VAUGHN Ph.D., University of New Hampshire, 1972. Environmental Virology.
Appointed from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. Place of study: U.S.A. F-NES
PAUL M. WASSARMAN Ph.D., Brandeis University, 1968. Reproductive Biology. Appointed
from Purdue University. Place of study: U.S.A. F-BMS-RB
DAVID LEE WILLIAMS Ph.D., University of Illinois, 1972. Reproductive Biology. Appointed
from University of Illinois. Place of study: U.S.A. F-BMS-RB

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' 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation
ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

MEETINGS

The annual meeting of the Corporation and a regular stated meeting of the
Board of Trustees were held on April 5, and a stated meeting of the Board
was held on December 4 and 5. Five regular meetings and three special
meetings of the Executive Committee of the Trustees were held to take actions
within the general policies approved by the Board.

TRUSTEES AND PRINCIPAL OFFICERS

J. George Harrar retired as President and a Trustee of the Foundation at

the end of June. Dr. Harrarfirstjoined the Foundation in 1943, at which time
he initiated a cooperative agricultural operating program in Mexico. In 1952
he was transferred to the New York office to become Deputy Director for
Agriculture. He was elected Director for Agricultural Sciences in 1955,
Vice-President in 1959, and President in 1961. In April, in anticipation of
his retirement, the Trustees appointed him a Life Fellow of the Foundation,
beginning July 1. He will also serve as a part-time consultant for a three-
year period.
Alberto Lleras Camargo, Chairman of the Editorial Board of Vision maga-
zine, retired as a Trustee, effective June 30. He was elected in 1967.
Arthur A. Houghton, Jr., President of Steuben Glass, also retired from the
Board on June 30. He was elected in 1958 and has served as a member of
the Executive and Finance Committees, as Chairman of the Nominating Com-
mittee, and as Committee on Audit.
John H. Knowles, M.D., succeeded Dr. Harrar as Trustee and President
on July 1. Dr. Knowles came to the Foundation from the Massachusetts
General Hospital, where in ten years he had risen from intern to General
Director—at thirty-five the youngest in the institution's 150-year history.
During the following decade he made what was already one of the world's
best teaching and patient-care hospitals even better, and increased annual
donations sixteenfold by turning the hospital into one of Boston's most visible
institutions. In the process, he captured the imagination of people every-
where. Dr. Knowles is the eighth President of the Foundation.
At the April meeting of the Corporation, Clifford M. Hardin, Vice-
Chairman of the Ralston Purina Company, was elected a Trustee, effective
July 1. Mr. Hardin,firstelected in 1961, resigned in 1969 when he was
appointed Secretary of Agriculture.
Also at the April meeting, Ben W. Heineman, President and Chief Execu-
tive of Northwest Industries, Inc., was elected a Trustee, effective July 1.
Mr. Heineman has been active in civil rights, particularly in housing and
urban development and in welfare.
Except for the retirement of Dr, J. George Harrar and the succession of

8-1-

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

John H. Knowles, M.D., to the Presidency of the Foundation, there was only
one change in the composition of the principal officer group during 1972.
Norman Lloyd retired as Director for Arts and Humanities, effective Decem-
ber 31, and became a part-time consultant. He had been with the Foundation
as a Director since 1964.

85

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Summary 88
Accountants' Opinion 90
Statement of Assets, Obligations
and Principal Fund 91
Statement of Income, Appropriations
and Changes in Principal Fund 92
Statement of Changes in Cash 93
Notes to Financial Statements 94
Schedule of Transactions in Marketable Securities 95
Schedule of Marketable Securities 104

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 SUMMARY

Appropriations: All expenditures of The Rockefeller Foundation are authorized

through appropriations made by the Trustees. During 1972 the Trustees appro-
priated $45.5 million ($43.7 million after lapses and refunds) in three categories:
$23.4 million in direct grants, which were announced when made; $15.9 million
for later releases by the officers, which are not announced until released; and $6.2
million (appropriated in December) for New York Program and General Adminis-
trative expenses during 1973.

FOR 1973 GENERAL

ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES '
FOR 1973 NEW YORK
PROGRAM EXPENSES

FOR FOR LATER

DIRECT RELEASE
845.5 GRANTS BY OFFICERS
23.4 15.9 2.9 3.3

Programs and Grants Announced: Total releases during the year, consisting of a
portion of the $15.9 million appropriated in 1972 and additional amounts from
similar appropriations in prior years, came to $13.5 million. With the inclusion of
the $23.4 million in direct grants, the total amount for programs and grants in
1972 came to $36.9 million, in the categories shown below:

CULTURAL DhVLLOPMENT
UNIVERSITY DEVELOPMENT —i POPULATION —i _ QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT
CONQUEST OF HUNGER • LQUAL OPPORTUNITY ALLIED INTERESTS

IthLKASlSllY
DltlhCT ornciiRS FROM
$36.9 CHANTS CUIWKNT AND
I'HIOK M.AKs'
23.4 APPROPRIATIONS
13.5

Payments: Some grants are paid almost as soon as made; others are paid over
several years. Payments during the year on all programs and grants, and for
1972 New York Program and General Administrative expenses, totaled $44 mil-
lion. Of this amount, $25.1 million came from income and $18.9 million from
principal. In addition, the Foundation paid approximately $1.2 million in excise
taxes on income received in 1971.

88

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 FROM ^f FROM
INCOME jS^ PRINCIPAL
25.1 ^X"^ 18.9

PROGRAMS
AND
$44.0 GRANTS
38.3 2.3 3.4

f t
1972 NEW YORK 1972 GENERAL
PROGRAM EXPENSES ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

Since its founding in 1913, The Rockefeller Foundation has paid out a total
of $1 billion 85 million, of which $874 million came from income, and $211
million from principal.

Distribution Requirements: The Tax Reform Act of 1969 requires the Foundation
to pay out all of its ordinary investment income including short-term capital gains,
or (beginning with the tax year 1972) a specific percentage of its market value
each year, whichever is greater. During the three years since passage of the Act,
the Foundation has already paid out $43.5 million more than it will be required
to pay out by the end of 1973. From its founding in 1913 through the end of 1969
(when the Tax Reform Act took effect) the Foundation spent $158 million in
excess of ordinary investment income.

Investment Managers: On January 1, 1972 the Foundation entrusted approximately

$200 million of its securities, in equal amounts, to four investment managers on
a discretionary basis. The managers were chosen after careful study to achieve
several objectives. The Foundation is seeking to determine whether outside pro-
fessional management on a discretionary basis and with a smaller size of holding
can achieve a total return higher than that achieved in a unitary portfolio. The four
managers received identical portfolios (1/15 of the stocks held by the Foundation).
Having been chosen for diverse investment philosophies, they made many changes
in the holdings during the first year, increasing the number and variety of issues
held. The objective in engaging outside managers is a long-term one, and the
Foundation believes one year of operation is too short a time for conclusive
evaluation.

Diversification: The Foundation has continued to reduce the concentration in oil

stocks, and has in many cases reinvested the proceeds in issues which are expected
to appreciate more rapidly but which yield lower current income.

The financial statements for 1972 and the opinion of Arthur Young & Company,
certified public accountants, are presented on the following pages.

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 ACCOUNTANTS' OPINION

ARTHUR YOUNG & COMPANY

277 PARK AVENUE

NEW YORK. N V. IOOI7

The Board of Trustees

The Rockefeller Foundation

We have examined the accompanying statement of assets,

obligations and principal fund of The Rockefeller Foundation
at December 31, 1972 and the related statements of income,
appropriations and changes in principal fund and changes in cash
for the year then ended, and the supplemental schedules of
marketable securities at December 31, 3972 and transactions
therein for the year then ended. Our examination was made in
accordance with generally accepted auditing standards, and
accordingly included such tests of the accounting records and
such other auditing procedures as we considered necessary in
the circumstances.
In our opinion, the statements mentioned above present
fairly the assets, obligations, principal fund and marketable
securities of The Rockefeller Foundation at December 31, 1972
and its income, appropriations, changes in principal fund,
changes in cash, and transactions in marketable securities for
the year then ended, in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles applied on a basis consistent with that
of the preceding year.
The financial statements for the prior year were
examined by other independent public accountants.

1 a

January 31, 1973

90

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 STATEMENT OF ASSETS, OBLIGATIONS AND PRINCIPAL FUND
DECEMBER 31, 1972 AND 1971

ASSETS 1972 1971

Marketable Securities, at cost or fair market
value at date of gift (quoted market value
1972: 8967,972,327; 1971: §830,569,466) $463,582,121 $387,577,635

Cash 795,986 746,374

Advances and accounts receivable 467,096 469,704

Property—at nominal or depreciated amount 93,878 101,930

Total assets §464,939,081 §388,895,643

OBLIGATIONS AND PRINCIPAL FUND

Accounts payable $ 172,671 § 219,063

Federal excise tax payable (Note 2) 2,024,109 1,166,450

Unpaid appropriations for grants, program

expenses and general administrative
expenses (Note4) 89,204,660 89,488,969

Principal fund (including property fund) 373.537,641 298,021,161

Total obligations and principal fund §464,939,081 §388,895,643

Sec accompanying notes,

1)1

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 STATEMENT OF INCOME,
APPROPRIATIONS AND CHANGES IN PRINCIPAL FUND
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1972 AND 1971

1972 1971
Investment income received:
Dividends 8 25,583,179 § 27,952,315
Interest 1,282,006 1,375,662
Royalties on investment received by bequest 99,038 111,437
26,964,223 29,439,414
Less: Investment expenses 711,771 278,163

Investment income before federal excise tax 26,252,452 29,161,251

Less: Provision for federal excise tax (Note 2) 1.050,098 1,166,450
Net investment income 25,202,354 27,994,801

Appropriations by trustees (net of lapses

and refunds of unexpended balances
1972:31,761,894; 1971: §849,828) 43,743.006 41,084,552

Excess of appropriations over income (to be

deducted from principal fund) (18,540,652) (13,089,751)

Principal fund (including property fund) at

beginning of year 298,021,161 285,811,681

Contributions to the Foundation 367,510 427,528

Net increase (decrease) in property account (8,052) 29,466

Gain on disposition of securities 94,671,685 24,842,237

Less: Provision for federal excise tax on taxable
gain (1972:824,350,297; 1971: None) (Note2) (974.011) —

Principal fund (including property fund)

at end of year 8373.537,641 $298,021,161

1 accompanying notes.

92

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN CASH
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1972 AND 1971

1972 1971
Sources of cash:
Investment income before federal excise tax $26,252,452 829,161,251
Proceeds from the disposition of securities 314,788,984 151,073,506
Net increase (decrease) in advances, accounts
receivable, and accounts payable (43,784) 541,361
Cash contributions to the Foundation 20,100 427,528
Amortization of bond premiums 13,706 26,508
341.031,458 181.230,154

Uses of cash :
Payments on programs and grants for
Conquest of Hunger 7,428,223 8,964,620
University Development 7,253,780 7,526,815
Equal Opportunity for All 4,875,362 6,166,265
Population 6,624,497 5,980,590
Cultural Development 4,146,250 3,976,956
Quality of the Environment 3,444,117 2,053,326
Allied Interests 4,496,936 3,713,763
New York Program Costs 2,344.089 2.259.940
40,613.254 40.642,275

General administrative expenses 3,414,061 3,243,044

Cost of securities purchased 295.78fi.fl81 136,291,200
Federal excise taxes paid 1.166.450 1,214.146
340.981.846 181.390,665

Increase (decrease) in cash 49,612 (160,511)

Cash balance at beginning of year 746.374 906.885

Cash balance at end of year S 795,986 S 746,374

93

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 1972

1. Summary of significant accounting policies

The Foundation maintains its accounting on a modified cash basis, which in

effect is not materially different from the accrual basis of accounting.
Dividend and interest income is recorded as received. Investment expenses
are recorded as paid.
Investments are recorded at average cost or fair market value at date of gift.
Gains and losses from the sale of securities are recorded at the trade date and
represent the difference between net sales proceeds and average cost of securities
sold.
Appropriations for grants, program expenses and general administrative ex-
penses are charged against income when made by the Trustees. The excess of
appropriations over income for the year is deducted from the principal fund.
Federal excise tax is accrued as incurred.

2. Federal excise tax

The Foundation qualifies as a tax-exempt organization under Section 501 (c) (3)
of the Internal Revenue Code and accordingly is not subject to Federal in-
come tax. However, the Foundation is classified as a private foundation and
as such, under the Tax Reform Act of 1969, is subject to a 4% excise tax on
net investment income including dividends, interest, and net realized gains on
securities transactions, reduced by related expenses. Not less than the fair
market value at December 31, 1969 of securities owned at that date shall be
used as the basis for determining taxable gains on subsequent sales of such
securities. Accordingly, $24,350,297 of the 1972 and none of the 1971 gain
on disposition of securities recorded in the accompanying financial statements
is subject to Federal excise tax. The basis for calculating taxable gains of securi-
ties held at December 31, 1972 is $747,898,084.

3. Pension plan

The Foundation has a non-contributory pension plan for all full-time salaried
employees who have attained the age of 40 or are at least 25 years old and have
had one year's service. It is the Foundation's policy to fund all current pension
obligations as incurred and to amortize unfunded past service costs over a period
of ten years. Plan costs, including charges for current service and amortization
of unfunded prior service costs, amounted to $787,115 in 1972 and $783,492
in 1971.
At December 31, 1972 the present value of premiums payable through March
1, 1979 to complete the purchase of annuities for personnel who retired prior
to July 1, 1966 was approximately $1,000,000,

<J4

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS concluded
DECEMBER 31,1972

4. Appropriations and payments

Appropriations and payments, for the years ended December 31, are sum-
marized as follows:

1972 1971
Unpaid appropriations at beginning of year $89,438,969 892,289,736
Appropriations (net of lapses and refunds of unexpended
balances 1972: $1,761,894; 1971: §849,828) 43.743,006 41.084,552
133,231,975 133,374,288
Payments on appropriations:
Grants and program expenses (net of refunds on
closed appropriations-1972: §15,137; 1971: $36,515) 40,613,254 40,642,275
General administrative expenses 3,414,061 3.243,044
Total 44.027.315 43,885.319
Unpaid appropriations at end of year $ 89,204,660 589,488,969

Of the balance of unpaid appropriations at December 31, 1972, approximately

$43,800,000 represents appropriations by the Trustees not yet released for com-
mitment lo specific grantees, and appropriations for program and administrative
expenses for the following year.

SCHEDULE OF TRANSACTIONS IN MARKETABLE SECURITIES

FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1972

SUMMARY

Ledger amount of securities, January 1,1972 8387,577,635

Purchased $295,788,081
Otherwise acquired _3'948t?33 299.736.314
687,313,949
Sold 179,431,803
Redeemed at maturity 40,685,496
Otherwise disposed of 3,600,823
Amortization of bond premiums 73.706 223,731,823
Ledger amount of securities, December 31,1972 SM63,582,121

95

) 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 SCHEDULE OF TRANSACTIONS IN MARKETABLE SECURITIES
FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1972

PURCHASED: LEDGER AMOUNT

U. S. Government Obligations:
$ 76,493,000 Treasury Obligations (under Repurchase Agreements) $ 76,493,000
9,255,000 Treasury Bills 9,241,495
Certificates of Deposit:
5,595,000 Bankers Trust Company 5,692,485
31,461,000 The Chase Manhattan Bank 11,463,404
840,000 Chemical Bank 840,000
4,905,000 First National City Bank 4,956,931
1,380,000 Franklin National Bank 1,380,000
1,310,000 Irving Trust Company 1,360,172
500,000 Manufacturers Hanover Trust Company 500,000
360,000 Marine Midland Bank 360,000
1,000,000 Morgan Guaranty Trust Company 1,006,963
930,000 National Bank of North America 930,000
1,445,000 Security National Bank 1,445,000
Notes:
586,000 American Express Company—9-1-72 586,000
Boston Edison Company
500,000 7-26-72 498,104
200,000 9-12-72 199,125
Central Hudson Gas & Electric Company
500,000 7-28-72 498.587
200.000 10-12-72 199.630
300,000 10-19-72 299,350
250,000 Commonwealth Edison Company—9-28-72 248,641
400,000 Florida Power & Light Company—1-17-72 398,440
500,000 General Telephone of California—10-3-72 497,163
Hawaiian Telephone Company
350,000 9- 5-72 348,469
300,000 10-11-72 299,367
50,000 10-18-72 49,868
400,000 1- 5-73 398,292
300,000 1- 9-73 298,847
600,000 Illinois Bell Telephone Company—2-14-72 599,635
300,000 Long Island Lighting Company—9-25-72 298,689
400,000 New England Telephone Company—I2-6-72 398,375
300,000 Northeast Utilities—12-13-72 297,865
1,000,000 Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone Company—5-4-72 994,653
300,000 Pennsylvania Power & Light Company—10-11-72 297,880
50,000 Public Service of Colorado—10-16-72 49,912
1,000,000 South Central Bell Telephone Company—3-20-72 999,09"
500,000 Soul hern Dell Telephone & Telegraph Company—3-28-72 499,188
900,000 Virginia Electric & Power Company—1-9-73 895,000
Convertible Bonds:
1,500,000 Federal National Mortgage Association 'I'.'iVf—10-1-9& 1,770,025
800,000 Fibdibuch & Mooro -l-'Ji %—4-3-97 840.002

96

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 SCHEDULE OF TRANSACTIONS IN MARKETABLE SECURITIES continued
FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1972

PURCHASED: continued LEDGER AMOUNT

Common Stocks:
12,500 shares Air Products & Chemicals, Inc. $ 815,753
25,000 " Allied Maintenance Corporation 841,626
51,500 " American Airlines, Inc. 2,209,411
5,000 " American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. 360,659
38,500 " American Cyanamid Company 1,328,890
20,000 " American District Telegraph Company 1,156,006
148,200 " American Electric Power Company, Inc. 4,115,935
6,000 " American Express Company 834,250
14,400 " American Home Products Corporation 1,502,245
9,500 " AMP, Inc. 763,154
5,300 " ARA Services 870,362
10,300 " Avon Products, Inc. 1,047,687
125,000 " BankAmerica Corporation 6,310,375
100,000 " Beatrice Foods Company 4,989,666
11,000 " Black & Decker Manufacturing Company 1,038,838
50,000 " Block (H&R), Inc. 958,534
79,000 " Bristol-Myers Company 4,649,185
200,000 " Burlington Industries, Inc. 7,601,479
205,500 " Carolina Power & Light Company 6,442,848
31,000 " Central & South West Corporation 1,296,850
4,000 " Chicago Bridge & Iron Company 560,850
22,900 " Clorox Company 1,480,172
15,000 " CM I Investment Corporation 977,618
15,000 " Coastal States Gas Producing Company 763,763
9,500 " Coca-Cola Company (The) 1,150,299
5,000 " Coleco Industries 243,404
9,300 " Colonial Penn Group 623,787
39,400 " Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. 2,119,936
20,000 " Commonwealth Edison Company 698,644
7,000 " Corning Glass Works 1,412.920
40,000 " Crown Cork & Seal Company, Inc. 908,357
35,000 " Dexter Corporation 774,216
12,000 " Disney (Wait) Productions 1,861,523
35,000 " Dreyfus Third Century Fund Inc. 394,450
13,000 " Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. 910,396
6,900 " DuPont (E. I.) de Nemours and Company 1,142,593
8,000 " ERC Corporation 807,287
40,000 " Evans Products Company 1,046,019
(5,200 " Ford Motor Company 464,479
30,000 " Gamu'lt Company, Inc. 1,052,845
1,900 " General Motors Corporation 148,200
15,000 " Grainger (W. W.), Inc. 700,238
13,000 " Hall (Frank B.) & Company Inc. 576,125

97

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 SCHEDULE OF TRANSACTIONS IN MARKETABLE SECURITIES continued
FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1972

PURCHASED: continued LEDGER AMOUNT

Common Stocks: continued
20,000 shares Heublein, Inc. $ 1,059,149
7,900 " Hewlett-Packard Company 376,228
25,000 " Household Finance Corporation 1,298,215
27,500 " Houston Lighting & Power Company 1,213,646
200,000 " Howard Johnson Company 5,192,659
24,000 " I.M.S. International Inc. 759,000
2,200 " International Business Machines Corporation 905,205
233,400 " International Harvester Company 7,527,156
41,800 " International Paper Company 1,453,836
30,000 " Internationa] Telephone & Telegraph Corporation 1,774,802
20,000 " Johnson & Johnson 2,170,340
30,200 " Joy Manufacturing Company 1,640,385
97,000 " Kaufman & Broad Inc. 4,721,394
20,000 " Kendall Company 862,655
8,000 " Kerr-McGee Corporation 464,317
21,000 " Kresge (S. S.) Company 1,772,286
25,000 " Lenox, Inc. 775,957
20,000 " Louisiana Land & Exploration Company 903,237
35,000 " Malone & Hyde, Inc. 1,121,484
20,000 " MAPCO, Inc. 833,191
45,000 " Marlennan Corporation 2,567,499
25,000 " Marriott Corporation 1,353,058
49,211 " McDonnell Douglas Corporation 1,982,782
30,000 " Melville Shoe Corporation 876,002
6,600 " Merck & Company, Inc. 859,019
7,500 " Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company 605,286
20,000 " Mogul Corporation 715,500
16,600 " Morgan (J. P.) & Company, Inc. 1,225,797
24,500 " Morton-Norwich Products, Inc. 750,182
10,000 " Nashua Corporation 493,183
15,000 " Norton Simon, Inc. 1,013,566
25,000 " Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation 1,141,510
37,500 " Pacific Gas & Electric Company 1,120,903
30,500 " Perkin-Elmer Corporation 1,419,970
15,000 " Pinkerton's, Inc. Class "B" 1,196,404
23,900 " Polaroid Corporation 2,851,048
81,100 " PPG Industries, Inc. 3,708,198
20,000 " Procter & Gamble Company (The) 1,861,208
10,000 " Purolator, Inc. 885,240
20,000 " Ralston Purina Company 773,703
20,000 " Recce Corporation 600,152
2,000 " RcsL-arch-Cuttrell Inc. 131,534
20,000 " Reynolds (R. J.) Industrie Inc. 1,403,421

98

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 SCHEDULE OF TRANSACTIONS IN MARKETABLE SECURITIES continued
FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1972

PURCHASED: concluded LEDGER AMOUNT

Common Stocks: concluded
14,600 shares Reynolds & Reynolds Company $ 699,601
25,000 " Robins (A. H.) Company, Inc. 1,178,125
20,000 " Rouse Company 605,000
13,000 " Safeco Corporation 556,303
15,000 " Schering-Plough Corporation 1,428,214
15,900 " Sears, Roebuck & Company 1,678,797
11,000 " SEDCO, Inc. 602,922
4,400 " Snap-On Tools Corporation 417,395
249,200 " Southern Company (The) 4,918,557
30,000 " Sperry & Hutchinson Company 1,347,918
25,000 " Standard Brands Paint Company 1,153,874
12,000 " Stanley Home Products 549,000
24,600 " Stauffer Chemical Company 1,083,421
12,000 " Stride-Rite Corporation 544,887
28,100 " Tandy Corporation 1,201,591
800 " Texas Instruments Inc. 130,395
30,000 " Texas Utilities Company 1,430,531
40,000 " UAL, Inc. 1,836,308
20,000 " U. S. Leasing International Inc. 925,370
9,100 " Upjohn Company (The) 909,657
38,100 " Warner-Lambert Company 3,365,106
25,000 " Western Union Corporation 1,541,434
9,800 " Xerox Corporation 1,261,440
40,000 " Zale Corporation 1.6J9.740
S295.788.081

OTHERWISE ACQUIRED:
Stock Splits:
Shares Issue RATIO RECORD DATE
12,000 American Express Company 3-for-l 4-25-72
100,000 Beatrice Foods Company 2-for-l 11-14-72
12,000 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company 4-for-l 5-15-72
8,300 Clorox Company 2-for-l 10-25-72
8,000 ERG Corporation 2-for-l 9-18-72
7,000 Hall (Frank B.) & Company Inc. 2-for-l 5-19-72
12,500 Household Finance Corporation 3-for-2 9-29-72
171,800 Kresgo (S. S.) Company 3-for-l 6-29-72
20,000 Marriott Corporation 2-for-l 3-24-72
106,600 Merck & Company, Inc. 2-for-l 5-5-72
100,225 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company 2-for-l 5-23-72
15,000 Norton Simon, Inc. 2-for-l 5-9-72
13,000 Porkin-EliiH-r Corporation 2-for-l 4-11-72
6,000 Reynolds & Reynolds Company 2-for-l 2-28-72

99

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 SCHEDULE OF TRANSACTIONS IN MARKETABLE SECURITIES continued
FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1972

OTHERWISE ACQUIRED: concluded

Stock Splits: concluded
Shares Issue RATIO RECORD DATE
8,800 Snap-On Tools Corporation 3-for-l 6-16-72
20.000 Tpxas Utilities Company 2-for-l 5-19-72
10,000 U. S. Leasing International Inc. 3-for-2 5-17-72
Stock Dividends:
320 Black & Decker Manufacturing Company 4% 9-8-72
5,000 Coleco Industries 100% 6-30-72
9,300 Colonial Penn Group 100% 3-14-72
1,600 Evans Products Company 4% 4-28-72
15,000 Grainger (W. W.), Inc. 100% 10-27-72
500 Lenox, Inc. 2% 11-24-72
20,000 MAPCO, Inc. 100% 8-25-72
789 McDonnell Douglas Corporation 3% 3-6-72
750 Norton Simon, Inc. 2Vz% 11-13-72
10,000 Purolator, Inc. 100% 4-21-72
12,000 Stride-Rite Corporation 100% 4-7-72

Exchanged:
Shares Issue RATIO RECORD DATE LEDGER AMOUNT
20,000 Colgate-Palmolive Company received in
exchange for Kendall Company 1-for-I 6-22-72 S 862,654
192,500 International Telephone & Telegraph
Corporation Common converted from
Preferred Series "N" 1.25-for-l 2,738,169
By Contribution:
750 Aetna Life & Casualty Company 32,700
600 Atlantic Richfield Company 38,550
645 Boise Cascade Corporation 44,217
825 Continental Corporation 30,133
750 Eastman Kodak Company 56,647
360 International Business Machines Corporation 127,665
300 International Telephone & Telegraph Corporation 17.498
S 3.948.233

SOLD: PROCEEDS LKDCER AMOUNT

U. S. Government Obligations:
$ 70,718,000 Treasury Obligations (under Repurchase
Agreements) 5 70,718,000 $ 70,718,000
2,870,000 Treasury Bills 2,865,575 2,865,575
1,500,000 Treasury Bonds 'l.%--2-15-72 1,503,047 1,<136,250
Certificate!) of Deposit:
300,000 Bankers Trust Company 299,957 300.000
7,400,000 The Clmse Munhutlun Bunk 7,397,28? 7,402,405
150,000 Chuiuicul Bunk 150,000 150,000

100

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 SCHEDULE OF TRANSACTIONS IN MARKETABLE SECURITIES continued
FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1972

SOLD: continued PROCEEDS LEDGER AMOUNT

Certificates of Deposit : concluded
$ 1,800,000 First National City Bank $ 1,804,074 f 1,806,484
500,000 Manufacturers Hanover Trust Company 499,804 500,000
2,000,000 Morgan Guaranty Trust Company 2,003,904 2,006,963
Notes:
1,000,000 Commonwealth Edison Company— 1-12-72 995,990 995,990
1,000,000 Mountain States Telephone & Telegraph Company
—1-5-72 996,840 996,840
502,600 American Telephone & Telegraph Company
Debentures—S-I5-2000 559,394 384,260
Common Stocks:
750 shares Aetna Life & Casualty Company 46,688 32,700
39,900 " American Cyanamid Company 1,400,550 1,446,686
36,600 " American Electric Power Company, Inc. 1,016,348 608,691
7,100 " American Home Products Corporation 684,973 242,606
68,000 " American Telephone & Telegraph Company 2,965,610 2,212,562
74,800 " Armstrong Cork Company 3,023,570 2,733,540
5,300 " ARA Services 737,015 870,362
600 " Atlantic Richfield Company 37,950 38,550
128,145 " Boise Cascade Corporation 1,608,717 5,544,544
20,000 " Bristol-Myers Company 1,190,674 1,202,876
1,700 " Burroughs Corporation 275.089 167,372
280.000 " Carrier Corporation 13,286.028 10,383.158
6,000 " Central & South West Corporation 298,392 251,003
74,800 " Champion Internationa] Corporation 1,957.384 2,711,141
16,000 " Chicago Bridge & Iron Company 746,563 560,850
10,000 " Clorox Company 692,198 595,317
10,000 " Coleco Industries 325,551 243,404
18,600 " Colonial Penn Group 1,012,588 623,788
825 " Continental Corporation 32,811 30,133
100,000 " Control Data Corporation 6,376,618 6,288,599
53,200 " Diamond International Corporation 1,949,920 2,420,183
3,500 " DuPont (E. I,} de Nemours and Company 582,777 653,667
1,800 " Eastman Kodak Company 244,185 59,184
762,000 " Exxon Corporation 59,689,130 3,797,705
110,800 " Firestone Tire & Rubber Company (The) 2,772,330 2,577,863
60,300 " Ford Motor Company 4,304,9-13 2,821,592
25,300 " General Electric Company l,ull,20o 778,868
Ib.lOO " General Motors Corporation 1,201,161 863,660
30,000 " Hanna Mining Company 1,528,319 802,141
21,900 " Hewlett-Packard Company 1,088,137 929,668
4,500 " Houston Lighting & Power Company 245,367 198.597
316,800 " International Nickel Company
of Canada, Ltd. 10.040,057 6,164,202

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2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 SCHEDULE OF TRANSACTIONS IN MARKETABLE SECURITIES continued
FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1972

SOLD: concluded PROCEEDS LEDGER AMOUNT

Common Stocks: concluded
60,000 shares International Paper Company $ 2,128,103 $ 986,371
10,450 " International Telephone & Telegraph
Corporation 616,287 431,609
4,000 " International Telephone & Telegraph
Corporation Convertible Preferred
Series "K" 379,462 373,678
11,000 " International Telephone & Telegraph
Corporation Convertible Preferred
Series "N" 712,228 195,584
200 " Joy Manufacturing Company 7,869 13,027
4,100 " Kresge (S. S.) Company 194,288 86,719
113,200 " Mai-athon Oil Company 3,651,815 988,944
15,000 " Marlennan Corporation 781,169 865,643
13,400 " Merck & Company, Inc. 1,092,642 611,252
103,000 " Mobil Oil Corporation 5,555.325 1,335,249
10,000 " Morgan (J. P.) & Company, Inc. 765,604 665,125
21,700 " Polaroid Corporation 2,430,685 2,327,203
5,000 " Robins (A, H.) Company, Inc. 324,521 235,625
5,000 " Schering-Plough Corporation 589,071 445,151
68,400 " Southern Company (The) 1,405,300 1,770,619
30,000 " Sperry & Hutchinson Company 870,100 1,347,918
185,000 " Speiry Rand Corporation 7,671,185 8,508,106
275,800 " Standard Oil Company (Indiana) 19,834.738 1,956,073
24,000 " Stride-Rile Corporation 441,436 544,887
20,100 " Texas Instruments Inc. 2,852,346 2,005,171
11,500 " Texas Utilities Company 403,920 329,022
82,600 " Upjohn Company (The) 8,625,629 4,990,804
Fractional Interest 44 44
§274,103.488 $179,431.803

REDEEMED AT MATURITY: PROCEEDS LEDGER AMOUNT

§ 7,385,000 U. S. Treasury Bills S 7,353,194 $ 7,353,194
1,000,000 Federal Land Banks 5.70% Bonds—2-15-72 1,000,000 1,000,000
3,000,000 Federal National Mortgage Association 5.20%
Participation Certificates—1-19-72 3,000.000 3,000,000
Certificates of Deposit:
2,295,000 Bankers Trust Company 2,315,084 2,315,084
4,162,000 The Cliasc Manhattan Bank 4,162,000 4,162,000
690,000 Chemical Bank 690,000 690,000
4,105.000 First National City Bank 4,150,447 4,150,447
1,380,000 Franklin National Bank 1,380,000 1,3110,000
1,310,000 living Trust Company 1,360,172 1,360,172
360,000 Marine Midland Bank 360,000 3bO,000
5,000,000 Morgan Guaranty Truat Company 5,000,000 5,000,000

102

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 SCHEDULE OF TRANSACTIONS IN MARKETABLE SECURITIES concluded
FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1972

REDEEMED AT MATURITY: Concluded PROCEEDS LEDGER AMOUNT

Certificates of Deposit: concluded
$ 930,000 National Bank of North America $ 930,000 8 930,000
825,000 Security National Bank 825,000 825,000
Notes:
586,000 American Express Company—9-1-72 586,000 586,000
Boston Edison Company
500,000 7-26-72 498,104 498,104
200,000 9-12-72 199,125 199,125
Central Hudson Gas & Electric Company
500,000 7-28-72 498,587 498,587
200,000 10-12-72 199,630 199,630
300,000 10-19-72 299.350 299,350
250,000 Commonwealth Edison Company—9-28-72 248,641 248,641
500,000 General Telephone of California—10-3-72 497,163 497,163
Hawaiian Telephone Company
350,000 9-5-72 348,469 348,469
300,000 10-11-72 299,367 299,367
50,000 10-18-72 49,868 49,868
600,000 Illinois Bell Telephone Company—2-14-72 599,635 599,635
300,000 Long Island Lighting Company—9-25-72 298,690 298,690
400,000 New England Telephone Company—12-6-72 398,375 398,375
300,000 Northeast Utilities—12-13-72 297,865 297,865
1,000,000 Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone Company—54-72 994,653 994,653
300,000 Pennsylvania Power & Light Company—10-11-72 297,880 297,880
50,000 Public Service of Colorado—30-16-72 49,912 49,912
1,000,000 South Central Bell Telephone Company--3-20-72 999,097 999,097
500,000 Southern Bell Telephone & Telegraph
Company—3-28-72 499.188 499,188
S 40,685,496 $ 40,685,496

OTHERWISE DISPOSED OF:

Exchanged:
Shares Issue RATIO RKCOnoiMTE LEDGER AMOUNT
154,000 International Telephone & Telegraph
Corporation Preferred Series "N"
converted to Common 1 •for-1.25 S 2,738,169
20,000 Kendall Compony exchanged for
Colgate-Pnlmolive Company 1-for-l 6-22-72 862,654
S 3,600,823

103

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 SCHEDULE OF MARKETABLE SECURITIES
DECEMBER 31, 1972

QUOTED
FIXED INCOME SECURITIES LEDGER AMOUNT MARKET VALUE
U. S. Government Obligations $ 6,727,813 $ 6,762,813
Certificates of Deposit 20,096,401 20,019,000
Corporate Obligations 2,965,579 2.938,750
29,789,793 29,720,563
CONVERTIBLE BONDS 5,249,671 4,770,875
OTHER INVESTMENT 862,500 862,500
PREFERRED STOCK 1,027,616 1,083,500
COMMON STOCKS 426,652.541 931,534,889
TOTAL $463,582,121 §967,972,327

QUOTED
FIXED INCOME SECURITIES PAR LEDGER AMOUNT MARKET VALUE
U. 5. Government Obligations:
Repurchase Agreements
Notes
U. S. Treasury—8-15-74 S 1,900,000 S 1,900,000 8 1,900,000
U.S. Treasury—11-15-74 1,646,000 1,646,000 1,646,000

Bonds
U.S. Treasury—8.15-73 2,029,000 2,029,000 2,029,000
Export-Import—2-1-78 200,000 200,000 200,000

Bonds
U. S. Treasury—4&%—11-15-73 1,000,000 952,813 987,813
6,727,813 6,762,813

Certificates of Deposit:
Bankers Trust Company
5.17o-l-23-73 1,000,000 1,013,810 1,000,000
4%7o—2-15-73 2,000,000 2,063,591 2,000,000
The Chase Manhattan Bank
47/s7o—1-4-73 500,000 500,000 500,000
5%-M5-73 1.115,000 1,115,000 1,115,000
5.207*>-1-15-73 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000
5.357o—1-19-73 600,000 600,000 600,000
5%7o—1-24-73 114,000 114,000 114,000
5%%—2-1-73 370,000 370,000 370,000
5^7o—2.5-73 200,000 200,000 200,000
SW%—4.6-73 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000
5% 70—8-12-73 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000
5%7o~9-7-73 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000
5%%- -10-4-73 2,500,000 2,500,000 2,500,000

104

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 SCHEDULE OF MARKETABLE SECURITIES continued
DECEMBER 31, 1972

QUOTED
FIXED INCOME SECURITIES: concluded PAR LEDGER AMOUNT MARKET VALUE
Certificates of Deposit: concluded
First National City Bank
-73 S 3,000,000 § 3,000,000 $ 3,000,000
Security National Bank
5%%— 1-4-73 120,000 120,000 120,000
5.407o—l-26-73 500,000 500,000 500.000
20,096,401 20,019,000

Corporate Obligations:
Notes
Florida Power & Light Company
5.4$,— U7-73 400,000 398,440 400,000
Hawaiian Telephone Company 5%%— 1-5-73 400,000 398,292 400,000
Hawaiian Telephone Company 5%%— 1-9-73 300,000 298,847 300,000
Virginia Electric & Power Company
5%_1.9.73 900,000 895,000 900,000

Bond
General Motors Acceptance Corp.
S%-1-15-77 1,000,000 975,000 938.750
2.965,579 2,938,750
TOTAL FIXED INCOME SECURITIES $ 29,789,793 S 29,720,563

QUOTED
CONVERTIBLE BONDS PAH LEDGER AMOUNT MARKET VALUE
Federal National Mortgage Association
4%%—10-1-96 $ 1,500,000 $ 1,765,212 $ 1,627,500
Fischbach& Moore 4$i%—4-3-97 800,000 839,260 1,004,000
W.T. Grant Company 4% %—4-15-96 2,300,000 2,423,199 1,750,875
Xerox Corporation 6%—11-1-95 222,000 222.000 388,500
TOTAL CONVERTIBLE BONDS $ 5,249,671 $ 4,770,875

ESTIMATED
OTHER INVESTMENT LEDGER AMOUNT PAIR VALUE
1.725% of "Lambert Contract" covering
royalties on sales of Liaterine $ 862,500 $ 862,500

.105

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 SCHEDULE OF MARKETABLE SECURITIES continued
DECEMBER 31,1972

QUOTED
PREFERRED STOCK SHARES LEDGER AMOUNT MARKET VALUE
International Telephone & Telegraph Corporation
Convertible Series "K" 11,000 $ 1.027,616 $ 1.083,500

COMMON STOCKS
Air Products & Chemicals, Inc. 12,500 815,753 857,813
Allied Maintenance Corporation 25,000 841,626 984,375
American Airlines, Inc. 51,500 2,209,411 1,293,938
American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. 5,000 360,659 381,250
American Cyanamid Company 198,600 7,133,763 6,355,200
American District Telegraph Company 20,000 1,156,006 1,060,000
American Electric Power Company, Inc. 386,600 8,080,744 11,598,000
American Express Company 18,000 834,250 1,167,750
American Home Products Corporation 113,500 4,888,480 13,847,000
American Telephone & Telegraph Company 187,000 6,084,547 9,864,250
AMP, Inc. 9,500 763,154 1,216,000
Armstrong Cork Company 205,200 7,498,961 6,771,600
Armstrong Rubber Company 15,000 615,320 551,250
Avon Products, Inc. 110,300 10,182,045 15,083,525
BankAmerica Corporation 125,000 6,310,375 6,000,000
Beatrice Foods Company 200.000 4,989,666 5,550,000
Black & Decker Manufacturing Company 11,320 1,038,838 1,222,560
Block (H&R), Inc. 50,000 958,534 831,250
Bristol-Myers Company 209,000 12,467,878 14,421,000
Burlington Industries, Inc. 200,000 7,601,479 7,350,000
Burroughs Corpoiation 98,300 9,678,066 21,355,675
Carolina Power & Light Company 205,500 6,442,848 6,113,625
Central & South West Corporation 25,000 1,045,847 1,275,000
Champion International Corporation 205,200 7,437,517 4,565,700
Clorox Company 21,200 884,855 983,150
CMIInvestment Corporation 15,000 977,618 1,380,000
Coastal States Gas Producing Company 15,000 763,763 519,375
Coca-Cola Company (The) 59,500 5,971,056 8,835,750
Colgate-Palmolive Company 20,000 862,654 1,882,500
Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. 245,841 11,617,995 12,322,780
Commonwealth Edison Company 20,000 698,644 717,500
Corning Glass Works 7,000 1,412,920 1,909,250
Crown Cork & Seal Company, Inc. 40,000 908,357 1,060,000
Dexter Corporation (The) 35,000 774,217 756,875
Diamond International Corporation 146,800 6,678,248 4,771,000
Disney (Walt) Productions 12,000 1,861,523 2,841,000
Dreyfus Third Century Fund, Inc. 35,000 394,450 398,300
Dun & Brndstreet, Inc. 13,000 910,396 991,250
DuPont (E.I.) de Nemours and Company 56,400 10,528,894 10,011,000
Eastman Kodok Company 236,150 7,787,726 35,038,752
ERC Corporation 16,000 807,287 844,000
Evans Products Company 41,600 1,046,019 998,-IOG
Exxon Corporation 2,238,000 11,153,889 195,825,000

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 SCHEDULE OF MARKETABLE SECURITIES continued
DECEMBER 31,1972

QUOTED
COMMON STOCKS: continued SHARES LEDGER AMOUNT MARKET VALUE
Firestone Tire & Rubber Company (The) 305,000 $ 7,096,102 $ 7,739,375
Ford Motor Company 303,600 14,296,863 24,174,150
Gannett Company, Inc. 30,000 1,052,845 1,155,000
General Electric Company 353,900 10,894,916 25,790,463
General Motors Corporation 181,782 9,797,692 14,747,065
Grainger (W.W.),Inc. 30,000 760,238 1,117,500
Hall (FrankB.) & Company Inc. 20,000 576,125 502,500
Hanna Mining Company 120,000 3,208,562 7,185,000
Heublein, Inc. 20,000 1,059,149 1,160,000
Hewlett-Packard Company 96,000 4,101,237 8,304,000
Household Finance Corporation 37,500 1,298,215 1,317,188
Houston Lighting & Power Company 23,000 1,015,049 1,175,875
Howard Johnson Company 200,000 5,192,659 6,650,000
I.M.S. International Inc. 24,000 759,000 813,000
Internationa] Business Machines Corporation 107,366 11,440,556 43,161,132
Internationa] Harvester Company 233,400 7,527,156 8,956,725
International Nickel Company of Canada, Ltd. 121,450 2,363,139 3,871,219
International Paper Company 281,800 5,087,504 11,800,375
International Telephone & Telegraph Corporation 283,350 8,127,431 17,071,838
Johnson & Johnson 20,000 2,170,340 2,610,000
Joy Manufacturing Company 30,000 1,627,358 3,061,250
Kaufman & Broad Inc. 97,000 4,721,394 4,292,250
Kerr-McGee Corporation 8,000 464,317 527,000
Kresge (S.S.) Company 259,100 5,480,229 12,663,513
Lenox, Inc. 25,500 775,957 1,112,438
Louisiana Land & Exploration Company 20,000 903,237 865,000
Malone& Hyde, Inc. 35,000 1,121,484 1,168,125
MAPCO, Inc. 40,000 833.191 1,460,000
Marathon Oil Company 311,282 2,719,440 11,089,421
Marlennan Corporation 30,000 1,701,856 1,387,500
Marriott Corporation 45,000 1,353,058 1,642,500
McDonnell Douglas Corporation 50,000 1,982,782 1,737,500
Melville Shoe Corporal ion 30,000 876,002 993,750
Merck & Company, Inc. 199,800 9,114,035 17,807,175
Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company 207,950 6,943,442 17,805,719
Mobil Oil Corporation 497,000 6,442,903 36,778,000
Mogul Corporation 20,000 715,500 725,000
Morgan (J. P.) & Company, Inc. 156,600 10,467,473 16,443,000
Morton-Norwich Products, Inc. 24,500 750,182 753,375
Nashua Corporation 10,000 493,183 571,250
Norton Simon, Inc. 30,750 1,013,566 1,287,656
Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation 25,000 1,141,510 1,371,875
Pacific Gas & Electric Company 37,500 1,120,903 1,223,438
Pprkin-Elmcr Corporation 43,500 1,419,970 1,003,1)75
Pinkerlon'a, Inc. Class "B" 15,000 1,196,404 963,750
Polaroid Corporation 102,200 11,072,9-14 12,889,975
PPG Industries, Inc. 81,100 3,708,198 3,811,700

107

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 SCHEDULE OF MARKETABLE SECURITIES concluded
DECEMBER 31,1972

QUOTED
COMMON STOCKS: concluded SHARES LEDGER AMOUNT MARKET VALUE
Procters Gamble Company (The) 20,000 $ 1,861,208 * $ 2,230,000
Purolator, Inc. 20,000 885,240 1,200,000
Ralston Purina Company 20,000 773,703 892,500
Reece Corporation 20,000 600,152 720,000
Research.Cottrell Inc. 2,000 131,534 136,500
Reynolds (R. J.) Industries Inc. 20,000 1,403,421 1,032.500
Reynolds & Reynolds Company 20,600 699,601 970,775
Robins (A. H.) Company, Inc. 20,000 942,500 1,507,500
Rohr Industries, Inc. 40,000 1,077,272 905,000
Rouse Company 20,000 605,000 472,500
Safeco Corporation 13,000 556,303 732,875
Sav-A-Stop Inc. 45,000 893,250 483,750
Schering-Plough Corporation 10,000 983,063 1,370,000
Sears, Roebuck & Company 100,000 7,691,776 11,600,000
SEDCO,Inc. 11,000 602,922 679,250
Snap-On Tools Corporation 13,200 417,395 702,900
Southern Company (The) 522,800 12,001,033 10,521,350
Standard Brands Paint Company 25,000 1,153,874 1,350,000
Standard Oil Company (Indiana) 924,200 6,554,757 80,867,500
Stanley Home Products 12,000 549,000 600,000
Stauffer Chemical Company 24,600 1,083,421 1,137,750
Tandy Corporation 28,100 1,201,591 3,292,600
Texas Instruments Inc. 81.150 8,132,039 14,759,156
Texas Utilities Company 38,500 1,101,509 1,309,000
UAL, Inc. 40,000 1,836,308 1,310,000
U. S. Leasing International Inc. 30,000 925,370 945,000
Upjohn Company (The) 15,000 916,206 1,923,750
Warner-Lambert Company 38,100 3,365,106 3,714,750
Western Union Corporation 25,000 1,541,434 1,212,500
Xerox Corporation 120,800 11,085,239 18,029,400
Zale Corporation 40,000 1,619,740 1,725.000
TOTAL COMMON STOCKS 426,652.541 931.534.889
TOTAL STOCKS 8427,680,157 §932,618,389

108

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1972 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

The first column lists all grants and programs announced in 1972.
The second column lists all payments made in 1972 including
payments on prior years' grants. Appropriations made in 1972 but
not released during the year are shown in a summary at the end.

GRANTS
& PROGRAMS PAYMENTS
International Cooperative Programs
Conquest of Hunger-field staff $ 883,640 8 842,269
University Development—field staff 1,547,620 1,652,544
Arbovirus Research-field staff 138,780 221,246
Biomedical Sciences Research—field staff 260,180 235,165
Population Program—field staff 48,090
Bellagio Study and Conference Center—field staff 46,450 53,780
International Conferences 67,690 7,988
Preparation and distribution of publications 54,180 71,536
Unallocated contingency reserve 250,000

ARGENTINA
National University of Cordoba
Research in reproductive biology 1,861

Torcuato di Telia Institute

Research on unemployment in Latin America 258,000

University of Cuyo, Mendoza

Fellowships and scholarships 1,413

AUSTRALIA
Australian National University, Canberra
Development of high-lysine rice and wheat 14,720 14,270

BAHAMAS
Ministry of External Affairs
Library acquisitions in international relations 1,158

BELGIUM
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population
Research on population policies 15,000

BERMUDA
Bermuda Biological Station for Research
Laboratory seawater system 15,000

DOLIVIA
Fellowships and scholarships 532

110

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

BRAZIL
Cooperative programs
Federal University of Bahia
University Development Program Center 61,150 16,113
Visiting faculty 56,690

University of Sao Paulo

Special institutional grant 750 750

Fellowships and scholarships 48,622 68,305

CANADA
McGill University
Special institutional grant 3,000 3,000
Visiting faculty assignments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America 4,153

Queen's University
Research in reproductive biology 47,800

University of Manitoba
Special institutional grant 750 750

University of Toronto
Research on population policies 14,058 14,058
Special institutional grant 5,250 5,250
Visiting faculty assignments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America 25,000 26,291

University of Waterloo
Schistosomiasis and fascioliasis research 25,000 35,443

CEYLON
Fellowships and scholarships 9,024 2,578

CHILE
Catholic University of Chile
Studies in reproductive biology 9,132

Latin American Center of Demography

Research on population policies 8,195 10,345

University of Chile
Study of protein malnutrition 7,500 7,500

Fellowships and scholarships 51,200 83,600

COLOMBIA
Cooperative programs
Cali Microbiology Laboratory 39,669

111

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

COLOMBIA (cont'd)
Cooperative programs (cont'd)
University of Valle
University Development Program Center 56,360 46,332
Visiting faculty 43,800 105,175

Colombian Institute of Agriculture (ICA)

Animal husbandry and animal health programs 7,255
General support 2,820
Seed storage research 1,630
Special institutional grant 3,000 3.000

International Center of Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)

Completion of headquarters facilities 2,075,195 807,195
General support 720,000

University of the Andes

Support of the Department of Biology and the premedical program 22,554

University of Valle
Central Administration, equipment 635
Division of Economics and Social Sciences, faculty development 20,020
Division of Engineering, equipment 2,966 18,788
Division of Health Sciences
Equipment 36,OoO
PcibOiincI 136,126
Research 6,319 4,365
Division of Humanities
Equipment 10,000 4.877
Research 906 906
Teaching staff 10,605
Division of Sciences
Equipment 34,000 6,532
Research 1,662 873
Faculty of Economics, equipment 1,779
General support 57,000 57,323
Health care studies 500,000 215,200
Library acquisitions 55,600 55,600
Population studies 581
Research in food crops in cooperation with ICA and the
Palmira experiment station 33,000 19,772
Research on production and farm management in the Cnuca Valley 1,300

Fellowships and scholarships 339,220 334.699

COSTA RICA
Ijiti'r-Anu'ricun Institute of Apriculturul Sciences
Latin Ameriean Association of Plant Science, Secretariat support 15,000 7,500

112

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

ECUADOR
Cooperative program
Ecuador Agricultural Project 17,057

National Agricultural Research Institute

Experiment stations and research and training programs 17,408
Laboratory equipment 11,080
Programs in crop and animal improvement 14,198

Fellowships and scholarships 5,161 10,039

EL SALVADOR
Foundation for the Development of Cooperatives
Increase of agricultural productivity of small farmers 97,415 97,262

Fellowships and scholarships 15,547 7,925

ETHIOPIA
Association for the Advancement of Agricultural Sciences in Africa
Operating costs 15,000 15,000

Fellowships and scholarships 57,838 38,052

GHANA
Association of African Universities
Participation in the Association for the Advancement of
Agricultural Sciences in Africa—refund (1,731)
Workshop on issues confronting African universities 15,000 15,000

University of Ghana
Study of cyclical labor migration in West Africa 2,500 2,000

GUATEMALA
Fellowships and scholarships 8,234 2,792

GUYANA
Fellowships and scholarships 1,624 1,759

INDIA
Cooperative program
Indian Agricultural Program 135,000 236,282

Indian Council of Medical Research

Virus Research Center, equipment 2,947

Fellowships and scholarships 29,560 61,738

113

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

INDONESIA
Cooperative programs
University Development Program Center (Gadjah Mada University) 114,290 24,574
Visiting faculty (Gadjah Mada University) 19,420

Gadjah Mada University

Conference of Asian universities on population 15,000 15,000
English language training 13,000 13,907
Faculty of Forestry, laboratory equipment 20,000
Participation by staff in developmental programs conducted by
national and international institutions 20,000
Staff housing 60,000 55,841
Study of problems of university development in Asia, Africa, and
Latin America 5,000 3,305
Symposium on crop protection in Southeast Asia 2,000 2,000

University of Indonesia, Djakarta

Teaching program in family planning 15,000 7,500

IRAN
Pahlavi University
Teaching program in population and family planning 15,000 13,745

ITALY
Bellagio Study and Conference Center
Activities of the Center 306,070 320,455
Conference support 14,000 7,385

National Research Council

Schistosomiasis research 8,300 8,300

JAMAICA
University of the West Indies
Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory—refund (975)

JAPAN
Kihara Institute for Biological Research
Wheat and rice research 9,480

KENYA
Cooperative programs
University Development Propruiii Center (Universities in Eust Africa) b4,120 07,235
Visiting fuculty (University of Nairobi) 51,650 71,779

114

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

East African Agriculture and Forestry Research Organization

General support 1,680
Sorghum research 45,000 33,312

Animal disease laboratory 5,259

University of Nairobi
Department of Geography—refund (587)
Department of Government, research and teaching materials 33,625 13,625
Department of Linguistics and African Studies 5,600
Department of Sociology 5,260 3,878
Faculty of Veterinary Science, clinical studies 42,750
Graduate assistantships in economics 15,125 8,405
Increasing protein quality in fish 7,900 7,900
Institute for Development Studies
Activities of the Institute 75,000 89,368
Basic research collection 696
Research on pneumonia of cattle, sheep, and goats 4,650
Social Science Council of the Universities of East Africa 9,980 9,980
Staff development 5,000
Study of political development in Kenya 6,517 6,517
Workshops in music and dance 5,600 5,600

Fellowships and scholarships 118,850 125,270

KOREA
Fellowships and scholarships 1,489

LEBANON
American University of Beirut
Strengthening the academic program 304,522

MALAWI
Fellowships and scholarships 4,024 6,235

MEXICO
Colegio de Mexico
Demographic research 40,000
Research on population policies in Latin America 100,000

International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)

Bibliographies on corn and wheat—refund (2,972)
General support 750,000
Genetic improvement of maize and wheat—refund (744)
Inauguration of new headquarters 24,162
Installation of greenhouses at headquarters 51,913

115

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

MEXICO (eonfd)
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) (confd)
International Potato Improvement Program 17,200 5,000
Potato program in West Pakistan and related training in Mexico 16,200 20,760
Potato research 10,000 10,000
Puebla Project 73,326 73,326
Spring-Winter Wheat Breeding Project 21,493
Staff assigned to the Middle East Wheat Improvement Project 71,600 89,191
Two conferences on the Puebla Project—refund (4,755)

National School of Agriculture

Graduate program 60,000 60,000
Research in cooperation with the International Potato Project 13,150
Special institutional grant 4,500 4,500

University of Sonora
Research on agricultural systems and crop yields 61,198

Fellowships and scholarships 94,878 76,870

NICARAGUA
Fellowships and scholarships 620

NIGERIA
Ahmadu Bello University
Program in agricultural marketing 6,500 6,500

Cooperative programs
University of Ibadan
University Development Program Center 41,900 42,067
Visiting faculty 60,700 17,265

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)

General support 750,000

University of Ibadan
Acting Director, Computer Centre 8,525 4,263
Arbovirus research 45,000 26,177
Department of Animal Sciences, staff development 4,500
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension
Study award 9,580 9,580
Staff development 5,050
Department of Economics, staff development 1 l/iOO
Departments of Geography, Economics, and Sociology,
research projects 20,659
Department of Political Science, staff development 9.620 9,620

116

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

Establishment of West African Association of

Agricultural Economists 8,736 4,368
Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry, and Veterinary Science
Graduate training 36,850 36,850
Visiting professorship 26,654
Faculty of Social Sciences
Study award 6,865 6,865
Postgraduate training 43,000 43,000
National Health Planning Symposium to be held in 1973 10,000 10.000
Pasture and fodder research 11,943
Research on employment of graduates 24,383 24,383
Research on employment opportunities in Nigerian agriculture 60,482 60,482
Research on hemoglobins 6,500 4,600
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500
Study of trypanosomiasis in animals 14,500

University of Lagos
Research on unemployment 30,000 30,000

Fellowships and scholarships 309,122 339,007

PAKISTAN
Fellowships and scholarships 1,877

PARAGUAY
Fellowships and scholarships 553

PERU
Cayetano Heredia University of Peru
Research and teaching in agricultural economics and rural sociology 12,115

International Potato Center

Operating costs of Mexican Regional Program 137,625 82,000

Peruvian University
Research in reproductive endocrinology 15,000 15,000

Fellowships and scholarships 32,460 39,185

PHILIPPINES
Children's Medical Ci'iitcr
Family planning program 15,000 15,000

Cooperative progi-uiu
University Development Program Con tor (University of the Philippines) 4,120 2,389

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

PHILIPPINES (coned)
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
General support 750,000
Improving productivity of marginal rice fanners 23,400 23,400
Ph.D. training with the Indian Agricultural Research Institute 17,725 17,725
World collection of rice germplasm 28,620 19,620

National Science Development Board

Study of effectiveness of extension agents 12,500 12,500

University of the Philippines

College of Agriculture
Corn and sorghum research 5,285
College of Medicine
Equipment 4,217
Maternal and child health program 69,783 69,783
Rural community health teaching service 5,198
School of Economics
Scholarship, research, and library support 40,950 21,790
Social Sciences and Humanities Center, equipment 1,222
Special institutional grant 3,000 3,000

Xavier University
Studies in demography and population 15,000 929

Fellowships and scholarships 164,297 177,590

ST. LUCIA
Cooperative program in schistosomiasis research and control 151,500 184,392

SUDAN
Agricultural Research Corporation
Wheat improvement program 5,700

Fellowships and scholarships 274 7,487

SWEDEN
University of Uppsala
Special institutional grant 750 750

SWITZERLAND
Geneva Graduate Institute of International Studies
Training for students from Africa, Asia, and Latin America 25,000

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

TAIWAN
Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction
Fish culture research 26,631
Fish ecology 25,000 25,000

TANZANIA
Cooperative program
Visiting faculty (University of Dar es Salaam) 47,160 16,049

University of Dar es Salaam

Departments of Economics and Sociology
Teaching-through-research programs 9,450 9,450
Departments of Political Science and History 8,425
Economics staff training 14,850 14,850
Research and teaching in geography 18,403 30,100
Research in economics 25,000 12,500
Social Science Council—refund (1,572)
Staff development in the Faculty of Arts and Social Science 14,900 14,900
Support of three issues of the African Review 8,400 8,400
Visits by staff to other universities—refund (972)

Fellowships and scholarships 151,240 110,202

THAILAND
Cooperative programs
Agricultural projects in Thailand 174,900 110,129
Inter-Asian Corn Program 23,571
Universities in Bangkok
University Development Program Center 174,130 208,755
Visiting faculty 69,080 42,796

International School 2,947

Kasetsart University
Consultations and travel 5,000 4,778
Experiment station development 31,591
Farm Suwan training facility 5,412
Graduate assistantships 37,800 17,216
Research leadership positions 5,000 11,000
Study of the quality of rice 1,400 1,400

Mahidol University
Applied nutrition research 8,462
Community health program 21,222
Development of full-time faculty system in Thai universities 2,456
Faculty of Medical Sciences 6,235
Faculty of Science, equipment 169,050 215,292

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

THAILAND (cont'd)
Mahidol University (cont'd)
Nutrition research 14,000 12,898
Program in pharmacology 12,670 12,670
Ramathibodi Faculty of Medicine
Equipment 85,000 3,338
Teaching materials 675
Research in reproductive biology 15,000 19,674
Research in reproductive immunology 13,500 13,500
Research on aflatoxin producing molds 13,700 7,500
Research on relationships between malnutrition
and resistance to infection 10,000 9,058
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500
Symposium on bladder stone disease—refund (1,079)

Thammasat University
Faculty of Economics
Graduate scholarship 9,690 9,690
Library development 3,128
Research project 6,000 6,000
Faculty of Science, library acquisitions 852
Research in Asian drama 10,755 6,450
Research on income distribution in Thailand 2,650 2,650
Research on cultural development in Thailand 3,000 3,000
Social science textbooks in Thai 45,589 45,589

Fellowships and scholarships 562,278 501.173

TURKEY
Cooperative program
Whea! Improvement Project in the Middle East 96,640 65,904

Fellowships and scholarships 36,615 31,684

UGANDA
Cooperative program
Visiting faculty (Makerere University) 26,100 96,244

Makerere University
Conference of East African university administrators 3,040 2,685
Faculty of Agriculture
Development ami research 52,000 41,214
Equipment 3,000 16,362
Faculty of Social Sciences
Teaching and researcli 10,500 27,850
Research on retail and service centers in Kampala 3,674 3,674
Research, leaching, and graduate studies in political science 13,140 33,440

Fellowships and scholarships 121,268 123,222

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC

Fellowships and scholarships 5,099 7,706

UNITED KINGDOM
England
London School of Economics and Political Science
Demographic training 10,656

Overseas Development Institute

Joint project with University of Reading to
improve agricultural development institutions 15,000

University of Birmingham
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

University of Bristol
Research in reproductive immunology 300,000 41,725

University of Cambridge
Special institutional grant 2,250 2,250
International survey of crime control 5,000

University of Essex
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

University of London
Special institutional grant 7,500 7.500

University of Oxford
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

University of Reading
Conference on "Multi-national Enterprise and Economic Analysis" 5,000 5,000

University of Sussex
Assignment of scholars to universities abroad 40,468
British Committee on the Theory of International Politics 1,327
Institution for the Study of International Organization 15,000
Preparation of a study of states systems 6,516

University of Warwick
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

Victoria University of Manchester

Special institutional grant 3,000 3,000

Scotland
University of Glasgow
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500
Trypanosoininsis research 15,000 15,000

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

UNITED NATIONS
Food and Agriculture Organization
Pilot for a Computerized Agricultural Research Information System 15,000 15,000
Symposium on nutritional improvement of food legumes 2,500 2,392

UNITED STATES
Alabama
University of Alabama
Research on reproductive biology 136,500 136,500

Alaska
Experimental Arts and Crafts Center Association 25,000 25,000

Arizona
Arizona State University
Internships in university administration 10,500 27,500
Research on parent involvement in pre-school education of
minority-group children 15,000

University of Arizona
Industrial gases detoxification 31,335
Report on the University's Power/Water/Food Project 8,000
Research on agricultural systems and crop yields 66,550

California
Bay Area Educational Television Association
Training programs of the National Center for
Experiments in Television 50,000

Berkeley Unified School District

Internship for a school administrator 31,752 31,752

California Institute of Technology

Research on control of automobile emissions 15,000 15,000
Research on heavy-metal pollutants 150,000 101,000
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

California State College at Los Angeles

Cooperative program with Locke High School 15,423

Center Theatre Group of Los Angeles

Programs of the Mark Taper Forum 100,000

Claremont Colleges
Faculty-student investigations of electric power, moss
transit, ami land use 10,000 10,000

Claremont Graduate School

Special institutional grunt 3,000 3,000

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

Los Angeles City Unified School District

Curriculum development 25,000
School-community advisory councils 300,000 150,000

Magic Theatre
Playwright in residence 10,000 10,000

Mills College
Center for Contemporary Music 75,000

Multi-Culture Institute
Training for teachers and administrators 60,975

Oakland Unified School District

Integrated school program 87,357

Occidental College
Discovery and support of talented students 24,760

Office of the Los Angeles County Superintendent of Schools

Leadership training program for school administrators 300,000 75,000

Rand Corporation
Environmental quality research 25,000

Ravenswood City School District

Internship for a school administrator 33,519 33,519

San Diego City Schools

Community education 100.000 150,000
Internship for a school administrator 31,569 31,546

San Francisco Conservatory of Music

Awards to talented students 28,670
Community music education 181,000 37,000

San Francisco Unified School District

Internship for a school administrator 26,607 26,574

Salk Institute for Biological Studies

Research in reproductive biology 120,970
Study of repetitive drup use 10.000 10.000

Soquel Elementary School District

Internship for a school administrator 33,799 33,799

Stanford University
Assignment of scholars to universities abroad 35,939
Kex'urch on determinants of change in tropical African agriculture M.600
Research on economic returns from fatinei education in Kenya 11,SUO
Special institutional grant 7,500 7,500

123

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

UNITED STATES (cont'd)

University of California
Berkeley
Research on pesticides 50,000 50,000
Research on pheromones 25,000 30,338
Research on population policy 4,125 4,125
Research on population and land use 19,133
Special institutional grant 9,750 9,750
Study of the Gros Ventre Indian tribe 3,000 3,000

Davis
Assignment of scholars to universities abroad 280,000 52,579
Division of Environmental Studies 490,000 197,638
Research and training programs in environmental studies 71,220
Research on hybridization of plants 14,940 14,940
Special institutional prant 16,500 16,500
Study of plant resistance to insects 24,619 24,619

Los Angeles
Educational opportunities for Mexican-American students 56,734
Graduate Dance Center 80,000
Special institutional grant 9,750 9,750

Riverside
Research on pesticides 50,000 49,901
Research on pheromones 25,000 25,000
Special institutional grant 8,250 8,250
Wheat production research 40,000 12,500

San Diego
Center for Music Experiment and Related Research 167,490
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500
Training and nwarch in reproductive biology 293,678

Santa Barbara
Research on crime in West Africa 7,497

UnivL'rsity of Southern California

Special institutional grant 3,000 3,000
Studv of resource pharinp with other universities 25,000 25.000
Train in R for music critics 42.073

WnttP Labor Community Action Committee

Paramedical training program 200,000 183,018

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

Colorado
Colorado State University
Research in reproductive biology of animals 19,000
Special institutional grant 6,000 6,000
Study of mercury content of the environment 24,983

Music Associates of Aspen

Advanced teacher training 25,000

Thome Ecological Institute

Ecological studies of two regions in Colorado 10,000 10,000

University of Colorado
Cooperative program with the Autonomous University of Guadalajara 10,000
Study of land development practices in the Colorado mountains 9,500 9,500

University of Denver
Assignment of scholars to universities abroad 15,441
Professional program in theatre 120,000
Research on external investment in South and South West Africa 10,000

Young Life Campaign

Urban leadership training on New York's Lower East Side 38,635

Connecticut
Connecticut College
Reconstruction of important American dance works of the past 15,000 15,000
Summer program for talented djsadvantagcd high school students 15,000

Eugene O'Neill Memorial Theatre Center

Establishment of the National Theater Institute 100,000

Revitalization Corps
Tutorial training programs 75,000

University of Connecticut
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

Yale University
Advanced training program for African students at the Low School 7,200
Alignment of scholars to universities abroad 280,000 69,535
Computer analysis of data from Belem Virus Laboratory in Brar.il 13,421
Educational and training program in family planning 10,000 10,000
Oral history interviews with musicians 24,000
Research on methods of increasing public participation in
community housing proprams 15,000 15,000
School of Drama S/lUS
Special institutional grants 6,000 0,000

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

UNITED STATES (cont'd)

Delaware
Wilmington Public Schools
Internship for a school administrator 31,720 31,720
Training program for school administrators 23,500

District of Columbia
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Office of International Scientific Affairs 25,000 5,000
Study of television as a means of enhancing public
understanding of science 15,000

American Historical Association

Proper use of films in teaching and research 988

American University
Scholarships to National Youth Orchestra 20,000 20,000

Americans for Indian Opportunity

American Indian Theatre Ensemble 25,000
Development of Indian programs in schools 15,000 15,000

Association of American Medical Colleges

Family health conference in Uganda 9,257
Regional seminars in Africa on family health 7,500

Atlantic Council of the United States

Study "U.S. Agriculture in a World Context" 25,000 25,000

Brookings Institution
Associating young scholars with its Foreign Policy Studies Program 200,000 200,000

Citizens Committee on Population and the American Future

Operating costs 25,000 25,000

Education for Involvement Corporation

Training high school students in social action skills 15,000 15,000

George Washington University

Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500
Workshop for careers in the arta 25,000 24,767

Georgetown University
Population studies 16,163

Howard University
Planning for a National Commission on Higher Education for
Black Americans 5,000 5,000

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

Institute for the Study of Health and Society

Program development 15,000 15,000

John D. Rockefeller 3rd Youth Award for 1972 11,000

Lawyer's Committee for Civil Rights Under Law

Assistance in implementation of the decentralization
law of 1969 in New York City schools 15,000

National Academy of Sciences

Essays on revolutions in scientific thought 15,000 15,000
Study of agricultural efficiency in the United States 50,000 25,000
Study of establishing an International Foundation for Science 25,000 12,500
Visit of Chinese physicians to the United States 25,000 25,000
Study on the foreign student visa and employment
situation in the United States 2,500 2,500

National Endowment for the Humanities

Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities 6,000 6,000

National Public Radio

Coverage of the Stockholm conference on the environment 15,000 13,358

Overseas Development Council

Study of problems of less-developed countries 125,000 125,000

Pan American Health Organization

Population-nutrition studies in the Caribbean area 36,893

People-to-People Health Foundation

Project HOPE health programs in Laredo, Texas 50,000

Population Crisis Committee

Educational programs 25,000 25,000

Public Schools of the District of Columbia

Internships for school administrators 23,680 123,830

Resources for the Future

Research on management of residuals 268,764

Smithsonian Research Foundation

Staff for an advisory committee on the Stockholm
conference on the environment 25,000 25,000

Social Development Corporation

Development of a strategy for nmeliorntinf! unemployment
resulting from tobacco farm mechanization 15,000

Student Advisory Committee on International Affairs

Dialogue program 15,000 10,000

127

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

UNITED STATES (confd)

Urban Institute
Study of cost differentials among school districts 15,000 15,000

Washington Drama Society

Children's thr»atr« program 25,000 25,000
Experimental workshops 10,000

Florida
Dade County Public Schools
Training for school administrators in a multi-ethnic environment 15,000 15,000

Florida State University

Playwright in residence 10,000
Research on economic aspects of increased grain
production in less-developed countries 15,000

University of Florida
Filming of a dance work 15,000 15,000
Preparation of black students for graduate study in agriculture 60,434
Research on south Florida ecosystem 15,000
Research on use of herbivorous fish to control aquatic vegetation 25,000
Special institutional grant 4,500 4,500

University of Miami
Management internship program 49,995
Research in reproductive immunology 15,000 15,000
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

Georgia
Emory University
Student assistance programs 54,287
Summer program in teaching family planning 5,900 5,900

Rural Development Center (University System of Georgia)

Meeting on rural development 500 500

Southeastern Academy of Theatre and Music

Development of its theatre program 40,000 70,000

Hawaii
East-West Center
Study offisheries-relatedproblems of the Pacific region 4,800
Pilot study of the generation nnd diffusion of adaptive
technology in a developing country 14,620 14,020

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

University of Hawaii
Assignment of scholars to universities abroad 280,000 111,932
Research on population and economics in Korea 13,857
Special institutional grant 3,000 3,000

Illinois
American Bar Foundation
Study of Tax Reform Act of 1969 15,000

Art Institute of Chicago

Goodman Theatre and School of Drama 27,100

Better Boys Foundation

Leadership training program for preadolescents and their families 25,000

Chicago Commons Association

Program with Spanish Coalition for Jobs to aid Latino communities 15,000 15,000

Chicago Urban League

West Side projects 25,000

Community Consolidated School District No. 65. Cook County

Internship for a school administrator 600 2,200

Community Renewal Society

Leadership training program 72,710
Training program in urban affairs for journalists 15,000

National Affiliation of Concerned Business Students

Symposium on "Corporate Social Policy in a Dynamic Society" 10,000 10,000

Northwestern University
Fellowship operations 79,223
Research in reproductive biology 195,000
Special institutional grant 3,000 3,000

University of Chicago
Family planning service—refund (8,294)
Research on economic effects of agricultural policies 17,738
Research on the relationships between poverty and behavior 40,000
Special institutional grunt 10.500 10,500
Study of the economic factors influencing population growth 27,716

University of Illinois
Collection of world permpluMii of sorghum and millets 13,500 13,500
Rewairli on pesticides 50,000 50,000
Special institutional prunt ' 19,500 19,500
Studies of nitrogen in the pollution of waterways L'50,000
Travel cos-Is for u {iraduate of lhe Indian Agricultural University
to the United Slates for t-tudy (3,0011

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

UNITED STATES (cont'd)

Indiana
Ball State University
Community use of school facilities 53,917

Board of Education of the School City of East Chicago

Superintendent's Task Force—refund (3,033)

Indiana State University

Internship training program for minority group
school administrators 157,000 34,500

Indiana University
Research on infant mortality in underdeveloped countries 12,150
Special institutional grant 5,250 5,250
Study of annual emancipation celebrations 7,000 7,000

Purdue University
Special institutional grant 14,250 14,250

University of Notre Dame

Assignment of scholars to universities abroad 275,000 67,989
Ecumenical Institute for Advanced Studies 500,000 100,000
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

Iowa
Grinnell College
Discovery and support of talented students 72,897

Iowa State University

Research on removing nonferrous metals from scrap steel 14,918
Special institutional grant 15,750 15,750

University of Iowa
Assignment of scholars to universities abroad 39,093
American Civilization Program 90,000 30,000
Expansion of its Center for the New Performing Arts 94,000
Research on poet-novelist Jean Toomer 615 615
Visiting fellow at the University of Nairobi 9,106

Kansas
Kansas State University
Research on brond cereal crosses 12,000

Kentucky
Berca College
Puppetry Caravan for Appnlachia 23,530 23,530

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

Louisiana
Free Southern Theatre
Ensemble and Drama Workshop 25,000 25,000

New Orleans Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra

Instrumental and orchestral training program for young people 22,129 22,129

The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and

Mechanical College System
Special institutional grant 6,750 6,750

Tulane University
Family planning programs 66,000
Student assistance program 10,700

Maine
Bowdoin College
Recruitment and support of talented minority group students 17,600

Maryland
Associates of the National Agricultural Library
Assistance for students and trainees from abroad 5,000 5,000

Baltimore City Public Schools

Internship for a school administrator 28,014 28,014
On-the-job training for high-school seniors—refund (10,132)

Center Stage Associates

Theatre program for young people involving the public schools 14,912 14,086

Johns Hopkins University

Graduate training in international relations 21,902
Program integrating the North American heritage with that
of Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean 99,802 48,460
Research on health care 66,768
Research on population policies 6,532
Research on the psychological factors associated with
therapeutic termination of pregnancy 6,000
Schistosomiasis research 15,000 30,000
Seminars for young diplomats 175,000 36,425
Special institutional grant 8,250 8,250

Peabody Institute of the City of Baltimore

Awards to talented music btudeuta 56,668

Planned Parenthood Association of Maryland

Population education in Baltimore bdiools 86,000 86,000

St. Mary's City Commission

Introduction to archeology for young historians 25,000 25,000

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

UNITED STATES (cont'd)

Universal Christian Church
Workshops in the performing arts in Pipestem, West Virginia 25,000 25,000

Massachusetts
Berkshire Theatre Festival
Theatre programs in New England 25,000 25,000

Boston University
Program of early childhood language training 5,000

Brandeis University
Special institutional grant 3,000 3,000

Clark University
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

Elma Lewis School of Fine Arts

Dance programs 350,800 90,000

Harvard University
Center for Population Studies 34,541
Community health programs 275,000
Coordination with other universities in environmental
programs in New England 10,000 10,000
Educational models relating human fertility and fertility control 14,500
Environmental planning in New England 93,000 15,000
Health carero> summer program for minority-group students 50,000
Health planning systems at the University of Valle 15.000
Intcinational legal studies, and advanced training for Africans 11,988
Laboratory of Human Reproduction and Reproductive Biology 500,000 72,750
Participation of a scholar in the 1LO Mission to
Kenya on Employment 1,000 1,000
Program in family planning and child health care in Haiti 21,000 24.000
Research on educational investment and economic growth 5,620
Research on insect control 74,268
Research on racial attitudes in the United States 70,000 27.200
Research training program in the Laboratory of Human
Reproduction and Reproductive Biology 5,000 5,000
Sclmtos-omiosis research 54,000 26,056
Scholarships for disadvantage! medical students 25,000 25,000
Special institutional grant 12,000 12,000
Slndv of s-ofial consideration!- in the corporate
decision-making process 14,000
Study of furjiicjl intervention in tin- Uniti-d Stales, 25,000 10,000
Training pi ogram for potential leaders in education 20.000

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

As>-i}inmcnl of ,-clio)ui> lo universities tibroud 275.000
KMalilis-hnu-nt of un intcriiulionul nutrition planning und
training miter 230.000 37,200

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

Investigation of contaminants in the environment and their control 15,000

Special institutional grant 7,500 7,500
Study of inflation in Chile 5,937 5,000
Study of politicization and demand-making behavior
among low-income migrants to large cities 30,690 20,460

New England Conservatory of Music

Awards to talented students 67,000

New England Hospital

Health vocational training program 500,000 250,000
Training for health careers 450,000 200,000

Radcliffe College
American Heritage Project 5,150 5,150
Post-doctoral fellowship program for women in college teaching 25,000 25,000

Student Competitions on Relevant Engineering

Urban Vehicle Design Competition 20,000

Tufts University
Research on the economic development of the Republic of Zaire 5,000 5,000

University of Massachusetts
Special institutional prrant 3.000 3,000

WGBH Educational Foundation

Exploration of the history of the American people using the
skills of artists and scientists in other fields as well as
broadcast professionals 100,000

Williams College
Assignment of scholars to universities abroad 120,860
Center for Environmental Studies 37,661

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Research on marine resource exploitation 14,455
Workshop on critical problems of the coastal zone 5,175

Michigan
Board of Education of the School District of the City of Detroit
Guidance counseling for high school students 106,461
Rtwurch on tlu- disparity between schools in Detroit 60,000

Detroit Public Schools

Internship for a school ndministrator 985

Flint Community Schools

Internship for a school administrator 30,422 30,422

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

UNITED STATES (cont'd)

Higher Education Opportunities Committee
Student counseling and pre-college assistance in inner-city schools 30,000

Merrill-Palmer Institute
Urban family programs 5,000

Metropolitan Detroit Youth Foundation

Leadership development 72,000 72,000

Michigan State University

Internships in university administration 30,000
Special institutional grant 12,000 12,000
Studies in protein quality of grains 16,500 16,500

Monroe County Community College

Training environmental technicians 3,402

University of Michigan
Assignment of scholars to universities abroad 31,497
Contemporary Performance Project of the School of Music 14,868
Environmental quality programs 302.500
Environmental research at the Douglas Lake Biological Station 15,000 15,000
Medical malacology program 112,048
Population research study 3,696
Schislosomiasis studies 9,000 9,000
Special institutional grant 6,000 6,000
Study of family planning programs of multilateral agencies 15,000 15,000
Research associate in the Population Studies Center—refund (954)

Wayne State University

Publication of Human Reproduction: Conception and Contraception 5,000 5,000
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

Minnesota
Carleton College
Discovery and support of talented minority group students 39,173

Mayo Foundation
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

Minneapolis Public Schools, Special School District No, 1

I Jsc of schools as community centers 9,780

Minneapolis Society of Fine Arts

Development of works by the Children's Theatre Company 98,032
Development of the Childien's Theatre Company 500,000 500,000

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

St. Olaf College

Higher education program for American Indians 15,000

University of Minnesota
Assignment of scholars to universities abroad 275,000 30,322
Office for Advanced Drama Research to obtain productions for
new playwrights throughout the country 65,000
Research in applied crop physiology and breeding of small grains 40,000
Research on frost resistance in basic food crops 21,510
Research on Minnesota agriculture, 1880-1970 13,000 6,500
Research on small farming in Japan 12,900 11,578
Special institutional grant 6,750 6,750

Mississippi
Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College
Rural development program in cooperation with
Mississippi State University 79,500 79,500

Jackson State College

Film study of traditions in the Mississippi Delta 7,068

Mississippi State University

Study of plant resistance to insects 30,220 30,220

Missouri
Central Missouri State College
Environmental study 10,924

Saint Louis Symphony Society

Experiments in acoustical technology 15,000 15,000

Saint Louis University

Development of the Anemia and Malnutrition Research
Center, Chiang Mai, Thailand 31,700 122,211

University of Missouri
Environmental Trace Substances Center 183,000 99,785
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

Washington University
Special institutional grant 3,000 3,000
Study of teaching of family planning in medical schools of
the United States 22,000 22,000
Work-study program for hiph-school praduatos 34,911

Nebraska
University of Nebraska
Research on modification of tropical corn permplasm 14,077
SorRhuni research 33,190
Special institutional grout 6,000 6,000

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 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

UNITED STATES (cont'd)

New Hampshire
American Universities Field Staff
Study of contemporary youth movements in the western world 13,500
Study of Eskimo life in Alaska 11,000 11,000

Dartmouth College
Preparation of students for admission to college on scholarships 26,199
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

New Jersey
Boy Scouts of America
Leadership development 150,000 25,120

Institute for Advanced Study

Review of state of Soviet studies in the United States 3,500 3,500
Study of impact of Haitian slave revolt of 1792 on other revolutions 15,840

National Council on Crime and Delinquency

Course materials for training of correctional administrators 25,000

Princeton University
Afro-American Studies Program 54,933
Assignment of scholars to universities abroad 19,975
Community work program for university students 40,153
Development of mass speclroscopic sensor for air
quality measurements 15,000
Interdisciplinary research in ecology 8,532
Population research study 4.291 4,291
Professional theatre program 200,000 50,000
Research in ecology by its Center of International Studies 15,000 7,500
Special institutional grant 3,750 3,750
Summer program for talented high-school minority-group
students—refund (2,098)

Princeton University Press

Prc-publication costs of the journal Philosophy & Public Affairs 15,000

Rutgers, the State University

Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

Trenton Bourd of Education

Internship for a school administrator 25.731 25,731

Westminster Choir College

Exploration of now directions in church music 15,000 15,000

130

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

New Mexico
Opera Association of New Mexico
Apprentice program for technicians 25,000 25,000

New York
Actors Studio
Playwright in residence 9,500

Adelphi University
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

African-American Institute
Operation of information center 22,000 22,000

African Cultural Center

Playwright in residence 10,000 10,000

Agnes de Mille Dance Theatre

American heritage project 25,000

Albany Medical College

Family planning program 300,000 50,000

American Assembly
Program on the role of foundations 25,000 25,000

American Bureau for Medical Aid to China

Population and family planning teaching program in Taiwan 25,000 25,000

American Place Theater

Playwright in residence 9,500
Wi iters1 program 50.000

Asia Society
Conference on Prospects for Southeast Asia in the Seventies 10,000

Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies

Operations of the International Federation of
Institutes for Advanced Study 14,500 14,500

ASPIRA
Guidance program for Spanish-speaking students and their parents 17.688

Association for the Study of Abortion

Evaluation of its activities 15,000 15,000

Ballet Theatre Foundation

Artistic staff . 50,000

Bank Street Collide °f Education

Division of Field Action «0,510

137

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

UNITED STATES (cont'd)

Barnard College
Study on the ethics of using human subjects in biomedical research 25,000

Board of Education of the City of New York

Open Classroom Program 325,000 87,250

Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research

Research on plant life and ecosystem of the Hudson River Basin 115,035

Brooklyn College of the City University of New York

Training for theatre technicians 32,835
Institute for Studies in American Music 25,000 12,500

Carnegie Endowment for Internationa] Peace

Training programs for foreign service officers from
developing countries 7,960 24,500

Cell Block Theatre Workshops

Workshops in prisons 23,980 23,980

Circle in the Square

Operations in new theatre 25,000 25,000

City Center of Music and Drama

Establishment of a permanent children's theatre 37,500

City College, City University of New York

Research on effluent mariculture as a system of
tertiary sewage treatment 25,000 25,000

Colgate University
Internships in academic administration 15,000 15,000

College Entrance Examination Board

Conference on academic policy 3.500 3,500

Columbia University
Community health programs 166,666
Harlem Hospital Center
Research in family planning 65,575
Library Development Center 15,760
Research in reproductive biolopy 45,468
Research in the United States and Europe on
modern treaties—refund (3,203)
Research on population policies 22,485 22,072
School of Journalism
To improve reporting of urban racial problems 21,374
Special institutional (tront 8,250 8,250
Study of social responsibility in management of investment portfolios 25,000 2S.OOO
Studies of pollution in cooperation with the New York City
Science and Technology Advisory Council 25,000 25,000

138

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

Committee for Economic Development

Nationwide research report on improving the
quality of the environment 60,000

Cornell University
Agricultural waste and nutrient management program 146,500
Cooperative work with the University of the Philippines in tlie
humanities and social sciences 84,833
Family planning clinic including teaching and research 123,160
Initiation of a program to identify environmental concerns of the
public in the Hudson Basin 15,000
Investigation of adolescent drug dependency 210,637 248,920
Primary research in Negro history by graduate students 25,000
Research and teaching in biology at the University of Valle by
two graduate students—refund (538)
Research on cold tolerance in maize 15,000 7,500
Research on pesticides 50,000 25,000
Research on pheromones 25,000 25,000
Schistosomiasis research 10,000 10,000
Special institutional grant 28,500 28,500

Council on Foundations
Public Affairs and Education Program 100.000 100,000

Council on the Environment of New York City

Environmental Intern Program 12,500 12,500

Economic Development Council

Cooperative programs with inner-city schools 48,639

Educational Broadcasting Corporation

Experimental television laboratory 400,000 75,000

Foundation Center
General support 250,000

Henry Street Settlement

Multi-ethnic theatre activities of its New Federal Theater 100,000 100,000
Playwright in residence 9,500

Hunter College of the City University of New York

Inter-college internship experience for senior students of
Hunter College High School 12,500 12,500
Programs of the Arta Center 25,000 25,000

Institute for International Order

World Order Models Project 15,000 15,000

Institute of International Education

Study of graduate agricultural education in Latin America—refund (909)

139

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

UNITED STATES (cont'd)

Institute of Society, Ethics and the Life Sciences
Research and teaching 46,666 46,666

Institute on Man and Science

Evaluation of Federal guidelines for environmental
impact studies 14,100 14,100

International Planned Parenthood Federation-

Western Hemisphere Region
Education in family planning in Latin America and the Caribbean 50,000

Interracial Council for Business Opportunity

Expansion of its programs in education for business leadership 300,000 125,000

James Madison Constitutional Law Institute

Program in population law 50,000 50,000

Juilliard School of Music

American Opera Center for Advanced Training 50,000
Awards to talented students 84,500

LaMama Experimental Theatre Club

Resident troupes 225,000 100,000

Manhattan School of Music

Awards to talented students 29,874
Experimental program of string training with
Eleanor Roosevelt Junior High School 25,000 25,000

Manhattan Theatre Club

Development of a new program in theatre 15,000 15,000

Mount Sinai School of Medicine

Post-partum follow-up 120,672

NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund

Division of Legal Information and Community Service 75,000

NAACP Special Contribution Fund

Leadership Development Program 30,571

National Bureau of Economic Research

Center for Economic Analysis of Human Behavior
and Social Institutions 250,000
Training and research program with institutions in the
Foundation's University Development Program 40,025

National Committee on United States-China Relations

1973 visit to Chinu by a Committee delegation 8,000 8,000

140

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

National Music Council

Study of possibility of pooling administrative facilities
of New York offices of certain nonprofit music organizations 1,800 1,800

National Urban League

Leadership development 150,000

New School for Social Research

Analysis of Lincoln's political philosophy 9,800 9,800

New Theatre Workshop

Toward establishing The Acting Company 20,000 20,000

New York Public Library

Cataloguing of dance collection 24,000
Establishing an index of new musical notation 15,205

New York Shakespeare Festival

Playwright in residence 9,500
Public Theater 480,000 125,000

New York University

Graduate performing ensembles in theatre 50,000
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500
Training in theatre arts 22,974

Paper Bag Players

Educational theatre for children 100,000 50,000

Planned Parenthood Federation of America

Center for Family Planning 247,950

Planned Parenthood of New York City

Family Planning Resources Center 97,966

Population Council
International Committee for Contraceptive Development 500,000 500,000
General support 400,000
Technical Assistance Division and Fellowship Program 3.000,000 600,000

Regional Plan Association

Television town meetings 25,000 25,000

Repertory Theater of Lincoln Center

Forum Theater 50,000
Support of 1972-73 season 25,000

Res-enroll Foun Jution of The State University of New York

Special institutional grant 3.000 3,000

M-l

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

UNITED STATES (confA)

Rochester City School District
Experimental project in elementary and secondary education 80,000
Internship for a school administrator 461 461

Rockefeller Foundation
Planning and organization of archives 133,500 66,069
Preparation of a Study Awards directory 20,766

Rockefeller Foundation—New York program costs

Agricultural Sciences 443,300 426,378
Arts and Humanities 235,400 206,105
Biomedical Sciences 486,100 383,535
Natural and Environmental Sciences 328,100 229,515
Social Sciences 564,400 464,877
Interdisciplinary Activities 800,000 633,679

Rockefeller University
Researchers in reproductive biology 1,494,000

Royal Society of Medicine Foundation

Anglo-American Conference on Drug Abuse held in London 5,000

St. Felix Street Corporation

Brooklyn Academy of Music's activities in music, dance, and drama 500,000 155,000

Saratoga Performing Arts Center

Residency of Juilliard acting company, and drama training program 10,000 10,000

Scientists' Institute for Public Information

Improvement of public understanding of environmental issues 25,000 25,000

State University of New York at Binghamton

Research on trace metals in the Upper Susquehanna River Basin 5,117

State University of New York at Stony Brook

Study of computerizing admissions at the University of
Ibadan, Nigeria 42,424 21,212
Urban and Policy Sciences Program 385,000

Street Theater
Workshops in prisons 25,000 25,000

Syracuse University
Special institutional grant 4,500 4,500

Theatre for the Forgotten

Workshops in prisons 23,200 23,200

142

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

United Nations Association of the United States of America

Research by young scholars associated with its Policy Panel
Studies Program on the future of international institutions 15,000

United States Conference for the World Council of Churches

Study of nonviolent methods of social change 15,000 15,000

United Way of America

Implementation of uniform standards of accounting
in affiliate organizations 25,000

University of Rochester
Special institutional grant 4,500 4,500

Yeshiva University
Programs in community health 13,493

North Carolina
College of the Albemarle
Education and development in a depressed rural area 200,000 139,824

Duke University
Oral history research on the South since 1890 230,000
Special institutional grant 3,000 3,000
Student assistance programs 27,062
Symposium on redevelopment of the rural South 6,000 6.000
Training of physicians' assistants and establishment
of health service programs in rural areas 50,000
Visiting faculty assignments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America 54,191

North Carolina School of the Arts

Piedmon t Chamber Players 12,000
Resident professional dance company 50,000

North Carolina State University

Rice blast disease research 10,000 10,000
Special institutional grant 6,750 6,750

University of North Carolina

Carolina Population Center 35,341
Center for research in reproductive biology 241,846
Cooperative program in population studies with
Mnhidol University, Thailand 60,000
Family planning unit 36,549
Participation of a Shaw University social scientist in the School
of Journalism's study of the 1972 presidpntinl election 15,000 15,000
Population educational services 50,390
Special Institutional grant 6,750 6,750
Study of function of university population centers 34,000 17,000

143

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

UNITED STATES (confd)

Wake Forest University
Research in reproductive immunology 98,000 62,060

North Dakota
North Dakota Slate University
Special institutional grant 7,500 7,500

Ohio
Antioch College
Support of talented minority-group students 90,000

Bowling Green State University

Special institutional grant 750 750

Ca?e Western Reserve University

Phosphorus studies 500,000 208,080
Teaching and research program in population 37,173

Cincinnati Playhouse in the Park

Playwright in residence 10,000 10,000

Cleveland Public Schools

Community activities 31,365

Oberlin College
Discovery and support ol talented minority-group students 24,196
Follow-up of its summer program for junior-high-school students 15,000
Summer workshops for public school music teachers— refund (3,722)

Ohio State University

Special institutional grant 6,000 6,000

Ohio University
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

University of Cincinnati
Establishment of the Enbt Coast hrnnch of the Congress of Strings 10,000
Internship for a school administrator 28,470 28,470

Western College
Experimental program in education 25,000
Salary of a coordinator of multicultural events 14,100

Oklahoma State University

Special institutional Grant 3,750 3,750

144.

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

Oregon
Oregon State University
Air pollution studies in the Willamette River Basin 247,600
Research and training program in wheat improvement for the
Near East and North Africa 37,010
Special institutional grant 12,000 12,000

Reed College
Discovery and support of talented minority-group students 63,456

University of Oregon
Research on urban behavior in Kenya 5,900 5,900
Special institutional grant 3,000 3,000

Pennsylvania
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
Research and teaching in fresh water ecology 121,427

American Friends Service Committee

Family planning programs 54,000 54,000

Carnegie-Mel Ion University

Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

Chatham College
Study of faculty employment policies in 12 Pennsylvania colleges 15,000

Haverford College
Post-bacralaureale program 28,983

Pennsylvania State University

Analysis of a Colombian family planning program 20,570 10,285
Equipment for research in reproductive biology 15,000
Preparation of black students for graduate work in agriculture 12,500
Programs in religion and the American Heritage 30,000 15,000
Research and training in environmental studies 200,000
Research on economic factors in family-size decisions 14,000
Research position in reproductive biology 210,000 105,000

School District of Philadelphia

Internship for a school administrator 33,173 33,173

Temple University
Administrator for tho teaching fellowship program with the
Settlement Music School of Philatldphiu 8,000
Cooperation between (lie University community and some
public schools 25,387
Special iiiblilulioiiul gruul 3,000 3,000
Touching fellowships in music 20,066

145

D 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

UNITED STATES (cont'd)

University of Pennsylvania
Population Studies Center 265,000
Research in reproductive biology in Monell Chemical Senses Center 350,000 100,000
Research in reproductive endocrinology 23,030
Research position in reproductive biology 34,000
Special institutional grant 9,750 9,750
Training for family planning workers 7,900

University of Pittsburgh
Special institutional grant 11,250 11,250

Puerto Rico
University of Puerto Rico
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

Rhode Island
Brown University
Scliistosomiasis research 193,000
Special institutional grant 3,750 3,750

Gordon Research Conferences

Conference on plant culture to be held in June, 1973 at the
Bellagio Study and Conference Center 4,000

University of Rhode Island

Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

South Carolina
Benedict College
Experimental program in liberal arts education 25,000

Converse College
Summer training in music for high-school students 37,300

South Dakota
Oglala Sioux Community College
Appointnienl of a development officer 15,000 15,000

Tennessee
Fisk University
Honors* Program 134,500 30,987
Program in sociology in cooperation with Vanderbilt University 35,340
Salary supplements for faculty members 31,362
Stuff recruitment costs and student assistance grants 31,550

Muhuriy Medical College

Studict, mi quality of health cuic piy^ninis in three areas
near Nashville 500,000 100,000

14C

12003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 3972

The Sequatchie Valley Planning and Development Agency

Director's salary 14,400 14,400
Rural development program 6,000 5,898

University of Tennessee
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

Vanderbilt University
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

Texas
Baylor College of Medicine
Family planning program 50,000 52,960

Houston Baptist College

Scholarships for nursing candidates 3,750 3,750

Rice University
Special institutional grant 1,500 1,500

Southern Methodist University

Special institutional grant 3,000 3,000

Texas A & M University System

Special institutional grant 4,500 4,500
Study of plant resistance to inserts 116,300 116,300

University of Texas at Austin

Workshop for playwrights 3,000 3,000
Research position in reproductive biology 59,870
Special institutional grant 3,000 3,000

Utah
University of Utah
Modern Dance Repertory Company 25,000

Utah State University

Livestock research projects in the State of Zacatecas, Mexico 2,500
Research and training in environmental studies 119,181

Vermont
International Film Seminars
Preparation of a book on the history of documentary film 4,000

Mnrlboro School of Music

Contemporary music program 16,666

M7

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

UNITED STATES (confd)

Middlebury College
Evaluation of the performance of the college 12,000
Music education project 14,850

Virginia
Virginia Polytechnic Institute
Discovery and support of talented disadvantaged students 47,160
Special institutional grant 4,500 4,500

Virginia Union University

Community work program for university students 20,000

University of Virginia
Assignment of scholars to universities abroad 15,067
International conference on "The Open Society" held at the
Bellagio Conference and Study Center 15,000

Washington
Washington State University
Research on nutritional quality in cereal crops and legumes 15,000 15,000

Western Washington State College

Program for junior high school students 18,453

University of Washington
Assignment of scholars to universities abroad 23,166
Division of Family Planning and Education 40,639
Special institutional grant 4,500 4,500
Training for staff members of the School of Fisheries, Catholic
University of Valparaiso, Chile 8,200

West Virginia
Kanawha County School System
Community Schools Program 150,000 25,000

West Virginia University

Program to increase animal production among small farmers
in the Appalachian region 107,945

Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin
Assignment of scholars to universities abroad 43,950
Potato research 15,000 15,000
Improvement of environmental iiuality in Lake Superior region 656,000 318,281
Research tin fertility, land and income distribution 19,979 19,979
Research study, "Microeconomic Decisions and tliu
J.onR-run Development of Agriculture" 5,905
Special institutional giant 17,250 17,250

148

' 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 APPROPRIATIONS AND PAYMENTS IN 1972

United States—General
Internship for training at the superintendent level for
minority-group administrators
Orientation conferences 40,000 16,339

Fellowships 79,068 50,513

ZAIRE
Cooperative programs
National University of Za'ire
University Development Program Center 66,530 87,381
Visiting faculty 70,900
•
National University of Za'ire
Faculty of Economics 23,244 8,346

Fellowships and scholarships 4,274 4,545

Miscellaneous small payments and refunds each under $500 (4,046)

TOTALS §39.775,228 $40.613,254

SUMMARY OF FUNDS APPROPRIATED IN 1972

Grants and Programs

Total annnima'd in 1972—as above 339.775,228
Deduct roloaws from prior years' appropriations
announced in 1972 12.480,746
Approved and announced in 1972 27,294,482

Appropriations in 1972 not released during the year 14,873,718

Appropriation for 1973 general administrative expenses 3.335.700

TOTAL APPROPRIATIONS DUHINC TUB VKAH S45.504.900

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation
 INDEX

Academic Affairs Conference of Midwestern Uni- Bahia, University of 35

versities 45,50 Bailey, Gordon B. xiv
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Ball State University 47,130
54,145 Ballet Theatre Foundation 137
Actors Studio 137 Baltimore City Public Schools 131
Adelphi University 137 Bank Street College of Education 137
Administration and Management Research Asso- Barker, Randolph xin
ciation of the City of New York 55 Barnard College 71,138
African-American Institute 71,137 Barnes, Allan C. vn-vm
African Cultural Center 63,137 Barnish, Guy xin
Agnes de Mille Dance Theatre 137 Bay Area Educational Television Association
Agricultural Research Corporation 19,118 122
Ahmadu Bello University 37,116 Baylor College of Medicine 30,147
Aitken, Thomas H. G. xv Beachell, Henry M. xm
Alabama, University of 31,122 Belgium 110
Albany Medical College 28,30,137 Bellagio Study and Conference Center 34,41,70,
Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College 48- 110,114
49,135 Benedict College 146
Allen, Jane vm Berea College 64,130
All-India Coordinated Rice Improvement Proj- Berkeley Unified School District 122
ect 19 Berkshire Theatre Festival 64,132
American Assembly 71,137 Bermuda 110
American Association for the Advancement of Bermuda Biological Station for Research 110
Science 71,126 Better Boys Foundation 129
American Bar Foundation 129 Birmingham, University of 121
American Bureau for Medical Aid to China 30, Black, Joseph E. vn, x
137 Blumenthal, W. Michael vr
American Friends Service Committee 28,30,145 Board of Education of the City of New York 49,
American Historical Association 126 138
American Place Theatre 137 Board of Education of the School City of East
American Universities Field Staff 63,136 Chicago, Indiana 130
American University 63,126 Board of Education of the School District of the
American University of Beirut 115 City of Detroit 133
Americans for Indian Opportunity 49,126 Bolivia 110
Anderson, Charles R. xv Bookmyer, Joseph R. x
Anderson, R. Glenn xu Borlaug, Norman E. XII
Andes, University of the 112 Boston University 132
Andrews, Lowry B. vm Bourne, Leo F. vni
Antioch College 144 Bowdoin College 131
Argentina 76,110 Bowling Green State University 144
Arizona State University 63,122 Boy Scouts of America 46,49,136
Arizona, University of 56,122 Boyco Thompson Institute for Plant Research
Art Institute of Chicago 129 138
Asia Society 71,137 Brandeis University 132
Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies 55,137 Brazil 76,111
ASPIRA 137 Bristol, University of 25,30,121
Associates of the National Agricultural Library Brookings Institution 70-71,126
20,131 Brooklyn College of the City University of New
Association for the Advancement of Agricultural York 64,138
Sciences in Africa 17-18,113 Brown University 69,71,146
Association for the Study of Abortion 30,137 Buckley, Son ja M. xv
Association of African Universities 37,113 Business Committee for the Arts 61
AsHiciution of American Medical Colleges 30, Byrnes, Frauds C. X
126
Atlantic Council of the United States 20,126 California Institute of Technology 54-55,122
Australia 18,110 California State College at Los Angeles 122
Australian National University 17-18, HO California, University of
Davb 21,40,53.54,56,124
Bulmmus 110 Riverside 21,54.57,124

151

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 Berkeley 29,54,56,66,124 Connecticut College 64,125
Santa Barbara 40, 124 Connecticut, University of 125
Los Angeles 66, 124 Conquest of Hunger, RF program in 9, 52
San Diego 124 Consultative Group on International Agricultural
Callahan, William P., Ill xiv Research 15
Cambridge, University of 121 Converse College 146
Canada 29,71,111 Cook, Joseph A. xni
Carleton College 134 Cooper, Peggy 71
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Cornell University 20,49,53-54,56,69,71,139
71,138 Costa Rica 18,112
Carnegie-Mellon University 145 Council on the Environment of New York City
Casals-Ariet, Jordi xv 139
Case Western Reserve University 53, 55, 144 Council on Foundations 72, 139
Catholic University of Chile 111 Court, David xn
Cell Block Theatre Workshops 64,138 Crowder, Loy V. xn
Center Stage Associates 64, 131 Cultural Development, RF program in 61
Center Theatre Group of Los Angeles 122 Cummings, Ralph W., Jr. ix-x
Central Missouri State College 135 Cuyo, University of 170
Ceylon 77,79,111,145
Chiang Mai, University of 21, 135 n j «- . r> LV c i. i en TOO
Chalmers, James A. xiv Dade County Public Schools 50,128
Chandler, Robert F., Jr. Xin Dalton, Peter xm
Cha.ham College 145 Darnel, James M x,, xy
,-.,. ~ , . . ,„ ,0n Dar es Salaam, University of 35,38,119
Chicago Commons Association 49,129 r. , ^ ,, ,„,
f,,. TI • •. r ion Dartmouth College 136
Chicago, University of 129 n AI j
.-,,. ,, , i ,nn Daunys, Alexander vm
Chicago Urban League 129 n ., „ , ,v
Children's Medical Center, Philippines 29, 117 Uavidson, Kalpn K. x
n,;i= IH ™ m Denver, University of 73,125
L«IUie JO, iw, 111 r-\ • ft i i< r> i i ton
,-, -i University
Chile, n • •. 01t 17-18,111
IT 10 m Detroit
,. n Public Schools
,, . 133
Cincinnati Playhouse in the Park 64,144 diBonaventiira, Mario ix
Cincinnati, University o f 1 4 4 . . vi
r«-
Circlei in• tlie
.i Square
c £^100
64, 138 Dillon,
~. . Douglas
, " „ vi-vii
Citizens Conimiltcc on Population and the Ameri- nm. *",,? i eRi '
can Future 126 Dodson, Richard vm
Ci.y Center of Music and Drama 138 ^&]^' /ohnson C' ' ,X! 1(I9
City College of the Ci.y University of New York °llke Unncrwty 49, 64, 143
r.i DO,
OO, cc iOO
TOO _Durana,, Ines
_ xiv. „
Claremont Colleges 122 Dworsky. Leonard B. ix
Claremonl Graduate School 122
Clark University 132 East Africa, Universities in 114
Clarke, Delphinc H. xv East African Agriculture and Forestry Research
Cleveland Public Schools 144 Organization 16,19,115
Colegio de Mexico 27, 29, 1 15 East-Wcsl Center 20, 30, 128
Coleman, James S. xn, xv Ebert, Robert H. vi
Colgate University 64, 138 Economic Development Council of New York City
College Entrance Examination Board 64, 138 139
College of the Albemarlc 48-49,143 Ecuador 76,113
Colombia 18,36,71,76-78,112 Ecuador Agricultural Project 113
Colombian Institute of Agriculture (ICA) 112 Ecumenical Institute 70, 73, 130
Colorado State University 125 Education for Involvement Corporation 49,126
Colorado, University of 54,57,125 Educational Broadcasting Corporation 64,139
Columbia University 28,55-56,71,138 Elma Lewis School of Fine Arts 132
Commission for Population and Development of El Salvador 18,76,78 113
tin- Latin American Socinl Science Council Ellhcrington, Lonu-G. ' xtv
(CLACSO) 27.29 Emory iFnivereity 30,120
Committee for Economic Development 139 Environmental Protection Administration of New
Community Consolidated School District No. 65, York City 46
Illinois 129 l.;,,tm] Opportunity. RF program in 11, 52
Community Renewal Society 129 E^ex, University of 121
Conflict llcbolution and International Affaire, Ethiopia 18.70,78,113
HF work in 9 En&i-ne O'Neill Mvmoilal Theater Center 125
Congu-f-s of Strings 1-14 Kverlnn, Jnhn Scott xt

152

© 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 Experimental Arts and Crafts Center Association Houston Baptist College 50,147
122 Howard University 49,126
Huggins, Russell A. xiv
Federal University of Bahia 111 Hunter College of the City University of New.
Finnerud, Kenneth P. vm York 49,64,139
Fischelis, Robert L x Ibadan, University of 17, 35, 38, 40, 71,116,142
risk University
,-,,. 0 - 49,146
o i l 100 m- • University
Illinois, TI • •/ of
t 17,21,53-54,57,129
IT m eo CA ct -ion
Fhn Community Schools 133 India ]9 ?? „/
Flonda State University 72 128 Indian Agricu]tural Program 19j 113
Honda, University of 57,66,128 lndian Aegricuiturai Research Institute 18-19,
rood and Agriculture Organization, United Na- -,-,0
tions 15,20,122 Indian Council of Medical Research 113
rord foundation 15,26 •, ,. c TT • •. rn -ion
-r, , . „ ,'r" Indiana State University 50,130
Foundation Center 139 Indiana University 64
Foundation for the Development of Cooperatives, ]ndiana University Foundation 20
, EJSaj^ ad%u18'113A/)1,1 Indonesia 29,37,114
Free Southern Theater 64,131 Indonesia, University of 29,114
Freeman, Wayne H. X. Ingles, Thelma ,x
Frye, Theodore R. vn-vm Institute for Advanced Study 64,136
Institute for International Order 70,72,139
Gadjah Mada University 29, 37,114 Institute for the Study of Health and Society 72,
George Washington University 49,126 127
Geneva Graduate Institute of International Institute oflnternational Education 139
Studies 118 Institute of Society, Ethics and the Life Sciences
Georgeto\vn University 126 64f ]4Q
Ghana 29,37,113 Institute on Man and Science 55-56,140
Ghana, University of 29,113 Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Gilpatric, Chadbourne x-xi 13, j]2
Glasgow, University of 20,121 In tor-Asian Corn Improvement Program 16,119
Goheen, Robert F. vi International Bank for Reconstruction and Devel-
Golden, William G., Jr. xm npmen! 15
Gordon Research Conferences 20,146 Inlcinalional Center of Tropical Agriculture
Grant, Ulysses J. x (CIAT) 15-16,18,112
Gray, Clarence G, III ix International Committee for Contraceptive Re-
Green Revolution 8-9 search 24,31
Gregg, Liicien A. xv Ink-rnational Council for Educational Develop-
Grinndl College 130 nipnt 34
Guatemala 76,113 International Crops Research Institute for the
Guelph, University of 41 Semi-Arid Tropics 15
Guyana 77,113 Internationa] Film Seminars 64,147
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
Hardiii, Clifford M. vi,84 (IITA) 15-16,116
Harlem Hospital Center 138 Internationa] Maixe and Wheat Improvement
Harrar, J. George vi-vm,84 Center (CIMMYT) 14-17,19.115-116
Harris, Patricia x Internationa] Planned Parenthood Federation
Harvard University 24-25,30,40,46,49,54-56, 140,202
68,72,132 International Potato Center 15-16,19,117
Harwood, Richard R. xni-xiv International PotMo Improvement Program 16,
Harwood, Roland E. xiv 19,116
Huverford College 145 International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
Hawaii, University of 29,41,129 M-19,118
Hayes, Guy S. IX International Srhool, Thailand 119
Hi-alon, Herbert vii-vm International Union for the Scientific Study of
Heineman, Ben W. vi, 84 Population 110
Henry Street Settlement 64,139 Internship Program for School Administrators
Hetiburgh, Theodore M. vj «19
lk's.8, J. William vm Jntemirinl Council for Business Opportunity 45,
lliglu'j Education Opportunities Committee 50, MO
134 Iowa Slate Univewity 130
Ilolluiul, Robert C. MV Iowa, Univrriily of 00,130
Iloujshton, Arthur A.. Jr. vi,84 Iruii 29,114
Lelaiid K. xn linlv 71,114

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Jackson, Ben R. xiv MacLellan, Neil B. x
Jackson State College 135 Maeda, Jose Romeo 14
Jamaica 114 Magic Theatre 123
James Madison Constitutional Law Institute 30, Mahidol University 17, 20, 30, 35, 39, 119-120,
140 143
Japan 114 Maier, John ix
Jennings, Peter R. x Makerere University 17,40,120
Jensen, James H. xiv Malawi 77,115
John D. Rockefeller 3rd Youth Award 71, 127 Maner, Jerome H. x
Johns Hopkins University 64,70,72,131 Manhattan School of Music 65,140
Johnson, Elmer C. xii Manhattan Theatre Club 65,140
Johnson, Harald N. xv Manitoba, University of 111
Johnson, Loyd x Marlboro School of Music 147
Johnston, James E. xiv Marmor, Michael ix,xv
Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction 19, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 20, 28,
119 40,55-56,72,132
Jordan, Peter xin Massachusetts, University of 55,133
Jordan, Vernon E., Jr. vi Mayo Foundation 134
Juilliard School of Music 140 McCleary, William A. xiv
McClung, A. Colin x
Kanawha County School System 47,50,148 McGill University 111
Kansas State University 20,130 McKelvey, John J., Jr. ix
Kasetsart University 16-17,19,36,119 Meharry Medical College 69,72,146
Kemp, Graham E. xin Merrill-Palmer Institute 134
Kenya 19,37,77-78,114 Metropolitan Detroit Youth Foundation 50,134
Kerr, Clark vi Mexico 19,29,77-78,115
Kihara Institute for Biological Research 114 Miami, University of 31,128
Kimball, Richard T. viii Michigan State University 20,53,134
King, Edith E. ix Michigan, University of 29,31,53-54,57,73,134
Kirschner, Leo vm Middle East Wheat Improvement Project 20,
Klein, Howard IX H6> J20
Knowles, John H. vi-vm, xvi, 84-85 Middleb'ury College 148
Korea 77,115 Miller, Leonard F. xui
Krim, Mathilde vi Mills College 65,123
Kupennan, Albert S. xiv Ministry of External Affairs, Bahamas 110
T ,, . , , „„ ,,„ Minneapolis Puhlir Schools Special School Dis-
Lagos, Univeroty of 38,117 rt£no.l 134
Laird, Reggie J. xn ... ,. c . ,„. A ,c ..„.
T <,MO,« p • t i TI, . r>i u *c no Minneapolis Society of Fine Arts 65,134
JLaMama
T ., experimental!
„,.„ ,, neatre Club 65,140
' , ,. . TI . .. , 1C 01 AI co « ioc
Minnesota, University of 15,21,41,53,66,335
LahcnjWiUoughby YII.IX Mississippi State University 48 54 56 135
Latin American Center for Demography 27-28, Mipponrrilnivcrsitvof 54,57,135
T t r* ... t r-- -i o- i TI i i Monroe County Community College 134
Lawyers Committee for Civil R.ghts Under Law Moomaw> Jameys c ,„
Leach, Arthur D. xi-xn Moore, Charles L xiv
ID, ,,,- Morns, Oliver F. xin
Lebanon 115 .., r, . , .„
T Y u Mott Foundation 47
t -.'i <- j i Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City Uni-
JLcitcn, (jordon J. xiv »«,T v i tAn
T
Leonard, i David
r» -jv K. xn ,, versity
,,:.,of New York 140
Ti f- AH n, Moyers, Bill vi
Lleras Camargo, Alberto vi, 84 »« ,,• v
T i jM nr- Mul igan, Frances vin
Lloyd, Norman vn,ix,85 . B ,. . f Q . Multi Culture Institute 123
i 121 Econ°miCS and P°htlCaI SC1- Music Associates of Aspen 125
London, University of 121
Los Angeles City Unified School District 47, NAACP
SO, 123 Legal Defense and Educational Fund 140
Lot, Angeles County Superintendent of Schools, Special Contribution Fund 140
Office of 50,123 Nairobi, University of 17,19,36-37,115,130
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Notional Acudomy of Scwnces 21,70,72,127
Mechanical College System 131 National Affiliation of Cnnci-nu'd Business Stu-
dents 72,129
MttcKeiuii-, David R. xn National Agricttllurul Research Institute, Ecua-
Mackenzie, Ronald B. xi dor 113

15'J.

) 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

 National Association for Foreign Student Affairs Owens, Patrick N. x
72 Oxford, University of 121
National Bureau of Economic Research 72,140
National Center for Experiments in Television Pahlavi University 29,114
63,122 Paine, Janet M. vin
National Commission on Higher Education for Pakistan 77,117
Black Americans 49,126 Pan American Health Organization 127
National Committee on United States-China Re- Paper Bag Players 65,141
lations 72,140 Paraguay 117
National Council on Crime and Delinquency 136 Peabody In<sfitufe of the City of Baltimore 131
National Endowment for the Humanities 65,127 Pennoyer, Robert M. vii
National Music Council 65,141 Pennsylvania State University 28,30,53,65,
National Public Radio 55-56,127 145
National Research Council 71,114 Pennsylvania, University of 25-26,31,146
National School of Agriculture, Mexico 18-19, People-to-People Health Foundation 127
116 Perry, Jesse P., Jr. rx
National Science Development Board 29,118 Peru 29,77,117
National University of Cordoba 110 Peru, Cayetano Heredia University of 29,117
National Urban League 46,141 Peruvian University 117
National Youth Orchestra 63 Philadelphia, School District of 145
Nebraska, University of 16,135 Philippines 19,29,38,77,79,117
New England Conservatory of Music 133 Philippines, University of 17-18, 35-36, 38, 117-
New England Hospital 46,50,133 118,139
New Orleans Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra Pino, John A. vii, ix
65,131 Pittsburgh, University of 146
New School for Social Research 65,141 Planned Parenthood Association of Maryland
New Theatre Workshop 65,141 28,31,131
New York City Science and Technology Advisory Planned Parenthood Federation of America 141
Council 138 Planned Parenthood of New York City 141
New York Public Library 141 Pomeroy, Charles R. X)
New York Shakespeare Festival 65,141 Population Council 24,27,31,141
New York University 141 Population Crisis Committee 28,31,127
Nicaragua 77,116 Population, RF program in 10
Nickel, John L. xn Porter. Wayne M. XH
Niederhauser, John S. xn Princeton University 28,54, 56,65,136
Nigeria 37,71,77-79,116 Princeton University Press 136
North Carolina School of the Arts 143 Program of Social Science and Legal Research on
North Carolina State University 21,143 Population Policy 28
North Carolina, University of 31,50,143 Public Schools of the District of Columbia 127
North Dakota State University 144 Puebla Project 14,116
Northwestern University 129 Puerto Rico, University of 146
Notre Dame, University of 41,73,130 Purdue University 130
Nybcrg, Albert J. xi, xm
Quality of the Environment, RF program in 11,
Oakland Unified School District 123 52
Oberlin College 144 Queen's University 29,111
Occidental College 123
Oglala Sioux Community College 50,146 Rarhie, Kenneth 0. Xlt
Ohio State University 144- Radcliffe College 65,133
Ohio University 144 Rand Corporation 123
Oklahoma State University 144 Rnun, Ned S. x
Olson, James A. xiv Ravcnswood City School District 123
Olson, Lloyd C. xiv Reading, University of 71,121
Olson, Mary M. xi Reed College 145
Olson. Willinm C XI Regional Plan Association 72,141
Open Classroom Proprom of the Board of Educa- Rcit/, J. Wayne xiv
tion of the City of New York 48-4.9, 138 Renfro, Hobby L. xiv
Opera Association of New Mexico 65,137 Repertory Theater of Lincoln Center 61,65,141
Oregon State University 16,53,145 Resenrrh Foundation of the State University of
Oregon, University of 41,145 New York 141
Osier, Robert 1). xn Resources for the Future 127
Overseas Development Council 72,127 Ueviluli/.uliuii Corps 125
Overseas Development Institute 20,121 Rhode Island School of Design 55

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2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

Rhode Island, University of 146 Stakman, E. C. vm
Rice University 147 Stamm, Esther S. vm
Richardson, Ralph W., Jr. vn, IX Stanford University 21,123
Roberts, Lewis M. ix Stanton, Frank vi
Rochester City School District 142 Starnes, Ordway xi
Rochester, University of 143 State University of New York
Rockefeller Archives and Research Center 73 Binghamton 142
Rockefeller, John D., IV vi Stony Brook 40,46,55-56,142
Rockefeller University 69,142 Stephenson, Marvin E. IX
Romney, Henry vm Stewart, Michael M. xw
Roosa, Robei t V. vi Slifel, Laurence D. xiv
Ross, Vernon E. xiu Street Theater1 66, 142
Royal Society of Medicine Foundation 73, 142 Strong, Maurice F. vi
Rupert, Joseph A. xn Student Advisory Committee on International Af-
Rutgers, the State University 136 fairs 73, 127
Student Competitions on Relevant Engineering
St. Felix Street Corporation 65,142 _ _ , „
St. Louis Symphony Society 66,135 £ turrock, Robert F. *»'
Saint Louis University 21,135 Sudan 19,77,118
St. Lucia 69,118 Sussex, University of 121
St. Mary's City Commission 66,131 Sweden "8110
St. Olaf College 135 Switzerland 118
Salk Institute for Biological Studies 73,123 Syracuse University 142
Sanders, Alvin J. ix.xv
San Diego City Schools 50,123 Tackley,Adel vm
San Francisco Conservatory of Music 66, 123 Taiwan, National Republic of China 19, 119
San Francisco Unified School District 123 Tanzania 38,77,119
Sao Paulo, University of 111 Tartaglia, Henry S. VIII
Saratoga Performing Arts Center 66,142 Temple University 145
Sawyer, William D. xiv Tennessee, University of 147
Sayre, Kenneth D. xn Texas A S M University 54. 56, 147
Schislosomiasis 69-72, 111, 114, 118, 131. 132 Texas,, University of 66,147
134, 139, 146 Thailand 19,30,39,77,79-80,119-120
Scientists' Institute for Public Information 55- Thammasat University 39, 120
56, 142 Theatre for the Forgotten 66, 142
Scott, Virgil C. ix Thomas, Robert M. \ui
Scrimshaw, Nevin S. vi Thompson, Kenneth W. vil-vui
Secretariat of the Latin American Association of Thompson, Roy L. X
Plant Scientists 17-18 Thome Ecological Institute 54,56,125
Seitz, Frederick vi Todaro, Michael P. x
Srqualcliie Valley Planning and Development Toennicsscn, Gary H. ix
Agency 50.147 Torcualo di Telia Institute 40,110
Shope.eRobert E. xv Toronto. University of 29,41,111
Smdlzer.DaleG. xiv Trammel!, Webb vm
Smith, Charles H. x Traywick, Jack Dee XI
Smith, J.Kcllum, Jr. VH-VIII Trenton Board of Education 136
Smithsonian Research Foundation 55-56,12? Tufts University 40,133
Social Development Corporation 127 Tulune University 131
Sonora, University of 116 Turkey 20,77,80,120
Soquel Elementary School District 123
Sito, Pablo E. xi Uganda 40,77,80,120
Southeastern Academy of Theatre and Musk 66, United Arab Republic 77, 121
128 United Kingdom 20,30,71,121
Southern California, University of 73,124 United Nations 122
Southern Methodist University 147 United Nations Association of the United States
Southern Methodist University Television Work- of America 70,73,1-13
shop 63 United Nations Development Programme 15
Southern Regional Education Board 48 United States 20, 30, 55, 71, 77, 81, 122-149
Spain. James M. x United States Conference for the World Council
Spanish Coalition fur Jobs 49,129 of Churches 1J3
Speir, Robert W, xv United Stales Department of Agriculture 54
, Eniesl W. MI United Way of America 143

150

2003 The Rockefeller Foundation

Universal Christian Church 66,132 Wernimont, Kenneth vii-viii
University Development, RF program in 9,17, West Indies, University of the 114
34 West Virginia University 148
University System of Georgia 50,128 Western College 73,144
Unrau, Gladwin 0. xrn Western Washington State College 148
Upatham, Edward S. xm Westminster Choir College 66,136
Uppsala, University of 118 WGBH Educational Foundation 63,133
Urban Institute 50,128 Wharton, Clifton R., Jr. vi
Utah State University 21,53,147 Williams, Bruce E. x
Utah, University of 147 Williams College 133
Wilmington Public Schools 50,126
Valle, University of 17-18, 35-36, 68, 71, 112, Wisconsin, University of 21,29,53,57,148
132,139 WNET 63-64
Vance, Cyrus R. vi Wolling, Frank vm
Vanderbilt University 147 Wood, Peter H. ix
Velazquez, Gabriel x Woodall, John P. xv
Victoria University of Manchester 121 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 53,57,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute 148 133
Virginia Union University 148 Workshops for Careers in the Arts 49
Virginia, University of 148 World Health Organization 68
Wortman, Sterling vn-viii
Wake Forest University 31,144 Wray, Joe D. xiv
Warwick, University of 121 Wright, Bill C. xiv
Washington Drama Society 66,128 Wright, Christopher IX
Washington State University 17,21,31,148
Washington University 135 Xavier University 30,118
Washington, University of 148
Waterloo, University of 71,111 Yale Arbovirus Research Unit 70
Watts Labor Community Action Committee SO, Yale University 28,31,41,50,66,125
124 Yeshiva University 143
Watigh, Robert K. x Young Life Campaign 125
Wayne State Univeisity 31,134 Young, William R. xi
Weir, John M. vni
Wellhaiisen, Edwin J. xii Zaire 40,77,149
Welich, Delane E. Xiv Zaire, National University of 35,40,149

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2003 The Rockefeller Foundation