Diploma Engineering

Semester IV

CE, IT, AIML, Cloud Computing &

Big Data, Gaming & Animation
 An Overview of Major Computer & Technology Disciplines

Computer Engineering is a branch of engineering

that integrates several fields of computer science and
electronic engineering required to develop computer
hardware and software. Computer engineers design,
test, implement and maintain computer software and
hardware systems.

Information Technology (IT) is the use of computers

to store or retrieve data and information. IT is typically
used within the context of business operations as
opposed to personal or entertainment technologies.
You can find IT specialization in every branch of
education, from IT & Software, Engineering, Aviation
and Medicine to MBA and even Hospitality.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is intelligence

demonstrated by machines, as opposed to the natural
intelligence displayed by humans or animals. AI
applications include advanced web search engines,
recommendation systems used by YouTube, Amazon
and Netflix, Siri or Alexa, Tesla, and strategic game
systems (such as chess and Go).

Cloud Computing & Big Data is the on-demand

availability of computer system resources, especially
data storage (cloud storage) and computing power,
without direct active management by the user. Big data
is a field that treats ways to analyze, systematically
extract information from, or otherwise, deal with data
sets that are too large or complex to be dealt with by
traditional data-processing application software.

Gaming & Animation is the process of

developing/designing a game. The effort is
undertaken by a developer, ranging from a single
person to an international team dispersed across the
globe. Animation is a method in which figures are
manipulated to appear as moving images. Various
tools available in the market today, ease out the tasks
of game development and animation.
 Disclaimer
This handbook is compiled to provide subject information to the students. Every
effort has been made to avoid errors & omissions and ensure accuracy. Any error
noted may be brought to the notice of the compiler, which shall be taken care of in
the updated edition of this handbook. The sources of information/material are
provided in the appendix.
The information contained in this handbook is strictly for education and learning
purposes and not for any commercial use.
Furthermore, The University reserves the right to unilaterally and without notice
make changes to this handbook at any time.
Evaluation Methodology
Theory Marks
PA: Progressive Assessment
Units’ examinations will be conducted during the semester. Each unit examination is
compulsory. Unit examination may be taken from objectives, short questions, long questions,
etc.
Unit-1 Exam: Maximum Marks 10
Unit-2 Exam: Maximum Marks 10
Unit-3 Exam: Maximum Marks 10
Unit-4 Exam: Maximum Marks 10

Total Marks 40

ESE: End Semester Exam

End semester examination will be conducted from all Five (5) units and it is compulsory. It may
be taken in the form of objectives, short questions, long questions etc.

End Semester Exam: Maximum Marks 50

CA: Continuous Assessment

Continuous assessment will be evaluated from the activity assigned in the semester and the
attendance of that particular subject.

Activity Assessment / Attendance: Maximum Marks 10

Practical Marks
PV: Practical Viva
Practical viva will be conducted through group task. Thereafter viva will be conducted
individually based on the given task of the concerned subject.

Practical Viva: Maximum Marks 20

TW: Term Work

Term work will be considered from the assignment and laboratory work done by the student
during the semester of that particular subject.

Term Work: Maximum Marks 30

 EVALUATION SCHEME

The performance of students is evaluated on the basis of continuous and semester-end

examinations with letter grades O+++, O++, A++, B, etc. Which have numerical equivalents called
grade points as indicated below:

Percentage Grade Point Grade Class

95 100 10 O+++
90 94 9.5 O++
85 89 9 O+ First Class with
80 84 8.5 O Distinction
75 79 8 A++
70 74 7.5 A+
65 69 7 A
First Class
60 64 6.5 B++
55 59 6 B+ Higher Second Class
50 54 5.5 B
45 49 5 C Second Class
40 44 4.5 D
35 39 4.0 E Pass Class
less than 35 0 F Fail

The performance of a student in a semester is indicated by a number called SPI (Semester

Performance Index). The SPI is the weighted average of the grade points obtained in all the subjects
taken by the student during the semester. Example: Suppose in a given semester a student has taken
subjects having credits C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 And the numerical equivalent of grades obtained in
those subjects are G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5 respectively.

Grade Points Earned ∑𝑛 𝐶𝑖 𝐺𝑖

Then his/her SPI = = 𝑖=1

Total Offered Credits ∑𝑛

𝑖=1 𝐶𝑖

SPI will be calculated (after re-examination, if any) up to two decimal places on the basis of the final
grades.
An overall assessment from the time the student entered the course is obtained by calculating PPI
(Progressive Performance Index). The PPI is the weighted average of the grade points obtained in
all the subjects taken by the student since he/she entered the course. It is calculated in the same
manner as the SPI. The CGPA (Cumulative Grade Points Average) is the weighted average of the
grade points obtained in all the subjects in the last six semesters of the course.
Detention:
Formula for conversion of equivalent percentage of PPI
An equation to find equivalence between PPI or CGPA may be obtained as follows:
Percentage Marks = (PPI or CGPA — 0.5) x 10. SPI or PPI or CGPA equivalent class shall be as
follows:
Below 4.00 : Fail
4.00 – 4.49 : Pass Class
4.50 – 5.50 : Second Class
5.51 – 6.00 : Higher Second Class
6.01 – 7.49 : Firsrt Class
7.50 and above : First Class with Distinction

For all courses, where the duration of the course is more than 2 years, the degree shall be awarded
to the students on the basis of CGPA of the last six semester's performance in the exams.

In case of the courses where duration is of two years, the degree shall be awarded to students based
on PPI considering the performance in all four semesters.
About Bloom’s Taxonomy
Bloom’s Taxonomy is a classification of the different objectives and skills that educators set for
their students (learning objectives). The taxonomy was proposed in 1956 by Benjamin Bloom, an
educational psychologist at the University of Chicago. The terminology has been recently updated
to include the following six levels of learning. These 6 levels can be used to structure the learning
objectives, lessons, and assessments of your course.
1. Remembering: Retrieving, recognizing, and recalling relevant knowledge from long‐term
memory.
2. Understanding: Constructing meaning from oral, written, and graphic messages through
interpreting, exemplifying, classifying, summarizing, inferring, comparing, and explaining.
3. Applying: Carrying out or using a procedure for executing, or implementing.
4. Analyzing: Breaking material into constituent parts, determining how the parts relate to one
another and to an overall structure or purpose through differentiating, organizing, and
attributing.
5. Evaluating: Making judgments based on criteria and standards through checking and
critiquing.
6. Creating: Putting elements together to form a coherent or functional whole; reorganizing
elements into a new pattern or structure through generating, planning, or producing.
025020402
Computer System Organization

Programme / Branch Name Diploma in Computer Engineering

Course Name Computer System Organization Course Code 025020402
Course Type HSSC BSC ESC PCC OEC PEC
Legends: HSSC: Humanities and Social Sciences Courses BSC: Basic Science Courses
ESC: Engineering Science Courses PCC: Program Core Courses
OEC: Open Elective Courses PEC: Program Elective Courses

1. Teaching and Evaluation Scheme

Evaluation Scheme
Teaching Hours / Week
Theory Marks Practical Marks
Total
Total Marks
L T P ESE CA PA Total PV TW Total
Credit
3 0 0 3 50 10 40 100 - - - 100
Legends: ESE: End Semester Exam CA: Continuous Assessment (Attendance + Activity)
PA: Progressive Assessment PV: Practical Viva
TW: Term Work

2. Prerequisites
✓ Fundamentals of Digital electronics
✓ Knowledge of digital circuits and digital components
✓ Basics of Computers architecture and I/O peripherals.

3. Rationale
Understand the architecture and organization of digital computer with its various processing units and
components, memory organization and input-output peripherals organization.

4. Objectives
✓ After successful completion of this course the students will be able to
• Understand the basics of digital circuits and digital components of Computer Architecture.
• Acquire knowledge on basic computer organization and design and introduction to advanced
processor architecture.
• Understand the different types of memory also explains about the associative memory, cache
memory and virtual memory.
• Explain data transfer and Input / Output module.

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025020402
Computer System Organization

5. Contents
Unit %
Unit Name Topics Learning Outcomes Hours
No. Weightage
1.1. Overview of computers • Deals with digital
and basics of Digital components, like Flip-
Electronics-Flip Flops flops, and various
1.2. Registers, Shift digital circuits.
Registers • Explain registers and
1.3. Register Transfer register transfers
Notations language.
Organization
1.4. Register Transfer • Describe various
and Design of
1 1.5. Bus Transfer and Arithmetic, Logic and 20 08
Digital
Memory Transfer Shift micro-
Computers
1.6. Arithmetic Micro- operations.
Operations • Understanding
1.7. Logic Micro- Arithmetic Logic Shift
Operations Unit - ALU
1.8. Shift Micro operations
1.9. Arithmetic Logic Shift
Unit
2.1. Instruction Codes • Understand various
2.2. Computer Registers - fields of instruction
Accumulator, Data code and list various
Register, Address instruction formats
Register, Program • Inspecting types of
Counter, Memory Data registers and
Register, Index understand role of
register, Memory each register
Buffer Register • Observing control
Basic
2.3. Computer Instructions timing signals diagram
2 Computer 25 09
2.4. Timing and Control for the given
Organization
2.5. Instruction Cycle instruction
2.6. Memory Reference • Understanding phases
Instructions of instruction cycle
2.7. Input-Output and • Focus on Input-output
Interrupt and interrupt and its
2.8. Complete Computer working
Description • Observing functional
block diagram of
BASIC computer
3.1. General Register • Exploring General
Organization Register organization.
3.2. Stack Organization • Focus on various stack
Central organizations of CPU.
3.3. Instruction Formats
3
Processing
3.4. Addressing Modes • Exploring various 25 10
Unit, instruction and
Pipelining 3.5. Data Transfer and
instruction format.
manipulation
3.6. Program Control
3.7. CISC – RISC

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025020402
Computer System Organization

3.8. Parallel Processing: • Discuss various

Flynn’s Classification addressing modes used
3.9. Pipeline processing in computers.
• Understanding data
transfer and data
manipulation
instruction.
• Discuss program
control instructions.
• Compare and
differentiate RISC and
CISC Architecture.
• Understanding
advantage of
pipelining in CPU
Design.
4.1. Input-Output Interface • Defining I/O interface
4.2. Asynchronous Data • Understanding
Transfer methods of
Asynchronous Data
4.3. Strobe Control
transfer
4.4. Handshaking
Input/Output • Describe
4 4.5. Asynchronous Serial 15 7
Module Asynchronous Serial
Transfer Transfer
4.6. Modes of Data • Exploring different
Transfer modes of data transfer
4.7. Input-Output Processor • Input Output processor
and its organization
5.1. Memory Units and • Understand memory
Classifications hierarchy and memory
5.2. Memory Hierarchy classification
5.3. Main Memory • Understanding
Memory 5.4. Auxiliary Memory concepts of main
5 15 8
System 5.5. Associative Memory memory, auxiliary
5.6. Cache Memory memory, Associative
5.7. Virtual memory Memory, cache
memory and virtual
memory
Total
42
Hours

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 Computer System Organization

6. Suggested Specification Table for Evaluation Scheme

Distribution of Topics According to
Unit Bloom’s Taxonomy
Unit Name
No. R U App C E An
% % % % % %
1 Organization and Design of Digital Computers 35 30 25 - 5 5
2 Basic Computer Organization 30 30 30 - 5 5
3 Central Processing Unit, Pipelining 30 35 25 - 5 5
4 Input/Output Module 35 30 25 - 5 5
5 Memory System 35 25 30 - 5 5
Legends: R: Remembering U: Understanding
App: Applying C: Creating
E: Evaluating An: Analyzing

7. Text Books
1) Computer System Architecture – M. Morris Mano, Latest Edition, Prentice-Hall Inc.
publication.

8. Reference Books
1) Computer Architecture – Behrooz Parhami, Latest Edition, Oxford publication.
2) Computer Organization and Architecture Designing for Performance –
William Stallings, LatestEdition, Pearson Education.

9. Open Sources (Website, Video, Movie)

1) https://digimat.in/limesurvey/index.php/106105163
http://www.cs.iit.edu/~virgil/cs470/Book/

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Computer System Organization

Organization and Design

of Digital Computers

Short Questions

Q. Bloom’s
Sample Question
No. Taxonomy
1. Define digital system. Remember
2. Explain control function using an example. Remember
3. What is flip-flop? Remember
4. Define microoperation. Remember
5. List out types of shift registers. Remember
6. Discuss function of three state buffer gate. Understand
7. Explain 4-bit binary adder with diagram. Understand
8. Explain 4-bit binary incrementor with diagram. Understand
9. Explain logical shift operation. Remember
10. Explain arithmetic shift operation. Remember
11. Explain selective-complement logic microoperation. Understand
12. Explain selective-set logic microoperation. Understand
13. Explain selective-clear logic microoperation. Understand
14. Discuss 1’s complement. Understand
15. What is the use of 2’s complement? Understand

Long Questions

Q. Bloom’s
Sample Questions
No. Taxonomy
1. Explain Block diagram of digital computer. Understand
2. Briefly explain the arithmetic logic shift unit (ALU). Understand
3. Explain list of logic Microoperations. Understand
4. Discuss application of logical microoperation in detail. Understand

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Computer System Organization

Essential Assignments

1. What is shift Register? Explain types of shift register briefly.

2. Explain Register Transfer operation with block diagram.
3. Explain Bus transfer using MUX and using tri state buffer gate.
4. Explain Arithmetic microoperations briefly.
5. Explain Arithmetic circuit in detail.
6. Study one stage of arithmetic logic shift unit.

Desirable Assignments

1. Study logic circuit of ALU.

2. Study diagram of shift register with parallel load.
3. Study various flip-flops.

Activities

1. Study functionality of different logic gates and flip-flops.

2. Study function of decoder and multiplexer. Discuss use of these circuits in CPU.
3. Study circuit of bidirectional shift register with parallel load.

Learning Outcomes

❖ Basic concept of digital components and various digital circuits.

❖ Understanding registers and register transfers language.
❖ Learning various Arithmetic, Logic and Shift micro-operations.
❖ Understanding Arithmetic Logic Shift Unit – ALU.

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Computer System Organization

Basic Computer
Organization

Short Questions
Q. Bloom’s
Sample Questions
No. Taxonomy
1. Define instruction code. Remember
2. What is Op Code? Remember
3. What is effective address? Remember
4. What is use of INPR register? Remember
5. What is use of OUTR register? Remember
6. List out instruction cycle phases. Remember
7. Explain use of extended accumulator. Remember
8. Accumulator is also known as ___________________. Remember
9. What is instruction decoding? Remember
10. LDA instruction Vs. STA instruction Understand
11. During interrupt handling the return address is stored at Remember
____________ word location of memory.
12. Compare format of input-output instruction and register reference Understand
instruction.
13. In input-output configuration transmission interface is Remember
implemented using _______________ data structure.
14. In register reference instruction and input-output instruction Remember
operation code is stored in bit _____________ bits.

Long Questions

Q. Bloom’s
Sample Questions
No. Taxonomy
1. Write about Stored Program Organization Understand
2. Write short note on computer registers Understand
3. Write about the basic computer instruction formats. Understand

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Computer System Organization

4. Explain the instruction cycle with the help of flow chart. Understand

5. Draw and explain flowchart of interrupt cycle. Understand

6. Explain the instruction cycle with the help of flow chart. Understand

7. What is Interrupt? Explain different types of interrupts Understand

Essential Assignments

1. Explain timing and control diagram for control unit.

2. Draw and explain basic computer register connected to a common bus.
3. Explain Direct Addressing and Indirect Addressing with neat diagrams.

4. List memory reference instruction for basic computer. Explain BUN, BSA, and ISZ instructions.

5. Execute micro operation for these instructions: AND, ADD, LDA, and STA

Desirable Assignments

1. Study different instruction code with hexadecimal code and description.

2. Study rules for instruction set completeness.
3. Study subroutine call using example.

Activities

1. Study parameters for instruction set completeness.

2. Study register transfer for fetch phase.
3. Study flowchart for complete computer instruction.

Learning Outcomes

❖ Understand various fields of instruction code and list various instruction formats.
❖ Inspecting types of registers and understand role of each register.
❖ Observing control timing signals diagram for the given instruction.
❖ Understanding phases of instruction cycle.
❖ Focus on Input-output and interrupt and its working.
❖ Observing functil block diagram of BASIC computer.

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Computer System Organization

Central Processing Unit,

Pipelining

Short Questions

Q. Bloom’s
Sample Questions
No. Taxonomy
1. Define primary memory. Remember
2. Define secondary memory. Remember
3. What is use of RAM? Remember
4. What is the use of ROM? Remember
5. What is bootstrap loader. Remember
6. What is mapping process in context of memory? Remember
7. Discuss types of floppies. Remember
8. What is use of hit-miss ratio? Remember
9. Define flash memory. Remember
10. Define masked ROM. Remember
11. What is the use of associative memory? Understand

Long Questions

Q. Bloom’s
Sample Questions
No. Taxonomy
1. Classify various types of memory. Remember
2. Explain memory hierarchy. Remember
3. Explain Auxiliary memory. Remember
4. Discuss catch memory with mapping techniques. Remember
5. Write short note on virtual memory. Remember

Essential Assignments

1. Draw family tree in context of memory hierarchy.

2. Explain Associative mapping and catch mapping in brief.

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Computer System Organization

3. Write a note on concept of virtual memory.

4. Explain set-associative mapping of cache memory.
5. A micro computer system uses a RAM chip of 1K × 8 and ROM chip of 2K × 8 size. The
system needs 4K RAM and 8K ROM
• How many RAM and ROM chips are required?
• How many address lines needed to decode for RAM and ROM chips?
• Write the memory address map for the microprocessor.

Desirable Assignments

1. Study memory connection to the CPU.

2. Study hardware organization and math logic of associative memory.

Activities

1. Introduce yourself to family of various types of memories.

2. Evaluate performance of different types of primary memory.

Learning Outcomes
❖ Understand memory hierarchy and memory classification.

❖ Understanding concepts of main memory, auxiliary memory, associative Memory, cache

memory and virtual memory

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Computer System Organization

Input/output Module

Short Questions

Q. Bloom’s
Sample Questions
No. Taxonomy
1. What is ASCII? Remember
2. Define baud rate. Remember
3. Define status command. Remember
4. Describe IOP. Remember
5. Define handshaking in data transfer. Remember
6. Define strobe in data transfer. Remember
7. Discuss problem with handshaking method in data transfer. Remember
8. Status bit is set by ____________________. Remember
9. In Asynchronous serial transfer the start bit is _________. Remember
10. Define interrupt vector. Remember

Long Questions

Q. Bloom’s
Sample Questions
No. Taxonomy
1. What is I/O interface and its architecture? Understand
2. Explain various strobe method for asynchronous data transfer. Understand
3. Explain various handshaking method for asynchronous data transfer. Understand
4. Explain various methods for serial data transfer. Understand
5. Explain CPU-IOP communication with flowchart. Understand

Essential Assignments

1. Define I/O interface and discuss difference between computer and peripheral devices.
2. Discuss connection of I/O bus to I/O devices.

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Computer System Organization

3. Explain types of commands received by an I/O interface.

4. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of Handshake method.
5. Discuss various modes of data transfer.
6. Explain Asynchronous serial transmission with diagram.
7. Explain Strobe control Asynchronous Data Transfer.

Desirable Assignments

1. Discuss block diagram of a typical asynchronous communication interface.

2. Study Daisy-Chaining Priority.
3. Explain priority interrupt.

Activities

1. Discuss various data transfer methods.

2. Discuss event diagram of CPU-IOP communication.

Learning Outcomes

❖ Defining I/O interface.

❖ Understanding methods of Asynchronous Data transfer.
❖ Describe Asynchronous Serial Transfer.
❖ Exploring different modes of data transfer.
❖ Input Output processor and its organization.

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Computer System Organization

Memory System

Short Questions

Q. Bloom’s
Sample Questions
No. Taxonomy
1. Define primary memory. Remember
2. Define secondary memory. Remember
3. What is use of RAM? Remember
4. What is the use of ROM? Remember
5. What is bootstrap loader. Remember
6. What is mapping process in context of memory? Remember
7. Discuss types of floppies. Remember
8. What is use of hit-miss ratio? Remember
9. Define flash memory. Remember
10. Define masked ROM. Remember
11. What is the use of associative memory? Understand

Long Questions

Q. Bloom’s
Sample Questions
No. Taxonomy
1. Classify various types of memory. Remember
2. Explain memory hierarchy. Remember
3. Explain Auxiliary memory. Remember
4. Discuss catch memory with mapping techniques. Remember
5. Write short note on virtual memory. Remember

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Computer System Organization

Essential Assignments

1. Draw family tree in context of memory hierarchy.

2. Explain Associative mapping and catch mapping in brief.
3. Write a note on concept of virtual memory.
4. Explain set-associative mapping of cache memory.
5. A micro computer system uses a RAM chip of 1K × 8 and ROM chip of 2K × 8 size. The
system needs 4K RAM and 8K ROM
6. How many RAM and ROM chips are required?
7. How many address lines needed to decode for RAM and ROM chips?
8. Write the memory address map for the microprocessor.

Desirable Assignments

3. Study memory connection to the CPU.

4. Study hardware organization and math logic of associative memory.

Activities

3. Introduce yourself to family of various types of memories.

4. Evaluate performance of different types of primary memory.

Learning Outcomes
❖ Understand memory hierarchy and memory classification.

❖ Understanding concepts of main memory, auxiliary memory, associative Memory, cache

memory and virtual memory

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Quotes from Pioneers

“The advance of technology is based on making it fit in so that

you do not really even notice it, so it is part of everyday life.”
- Bill Gates, Co-Founder, Microsoft.

“Have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They

somehow alrea
dy know what you truly want to become. Everything else is
secondary.”
- Steve Jobs, Co-Founder, Apple Inc.

“Success breeds complacency. Complacency breeds failure.

Only the paranoid survives.”
- Andy Grove, Former Chairman & CEO, Intel.

“If you are changing the world, you are working on important
things. You’re excited to get up in the morning.”
- Larry Page, Co-Founder, Google & Alphabet Inc.

“Progress is often equal to the difference between mind and

mindset.”
- N. R. Narayana Murthy, Chairman Emeritus, Infosys.

“The only way to learn new programming language is by

writing programs in it.”
- Dennis Ritchie, Co-Creator of C Programming.

“Success is achieved twice. Once in the mind and the second

time in the real world.”
- Azim Premji, Founder Chairman, Wipro.

“The digital world has power because it has dynamic

information, but it's important that we stay human instead of
being another machine sitting in front of a machine.”
- Pranav Mistry, President & CEO of STAR Lab
 LJ Polytechnic

Offers Diploma in
❖ Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning ❖ Automobile Engineering
❖ Electronics & Communication Engineering ❖ Mechanical Engineering
❖ Cloud Computing & Big Data ❖ Information Technology
❖ Architectural Assistantship ❖ Computer Engineering
❖ Automation & Robotics ❖ Electrical Engineering
❖ Gaming & Animation ❖ Civil Engineering

info_poly@ljku.edu.in

www.ljku.edu.in

9687010057
9228010057

LJ Campus,
Near Sarkhej-Sanand Circle, Off. S. G. Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat-382210