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Chemical Test - 1673923102 PDF

The document describes various chemical tests that can be used to identify different gases and ions. It discusses tests to identify hydrogen gas, oxygen gas, carbon dioxide, chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and sulfur dioxide by their reactions such as burning characteristics or color changes to indicators. It also outlines flame tests that can be used to identify metal cations like lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and copper. Other cation tests described use sodium hydroxide solution to detect copper, iron 2+, and iron 3+. Tests to identify the anions sulfate, chloride, bromide, and iodide are also provided.

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Min Khant Oakkar
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108 views32 pages

Chemical Test - 1673923102 PDF

The document describes various chemical tests that can be used to identify different gases and ions. It discusses tests to identify hydrogen gas, oxygen gas, carbon dioxide, chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and sulfur dioxide by their reactions such as burning characteristics or color changes to indicators. It also outlines flame tests that can be used to identify metal cations like lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and copper. Other cation tests described use sodium hydroxide solution to detect copper, iron 2+, and iron 3+. Tests to identify the anions sulfate, chloride, bromide, and iodide are also provided.

Uploaded by

Min Khant Oakkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEMICAL TEST

Test for Gases


➢ Hydrogen gas

➢ Oxygen gas

➢ Carbon dioxide

➢ Chlorine gas

➢ Ammonia Gas

➢Sulfur dioxide
Test For Hydrogen Gas
❖ Burning candle near the source of hydrogen.

❖On doing so, hydrogen gas burns with a squeaky pop sound.

❖Hydrogen gas is recognized by the 'pop' when it burns.

To test for hydrogen,


use a burning splint.
The gas will explode
with a squeaky ‘pop’.
Test For Oxygen Gas

To test for
oxygen, use a
glowing splint.
The gas will
cause the splint
to re-light.
Test For Carbon Dioxide

To test for carbon dioxide,


bubble the gas through
limewater. After a short
while the limewater will go
milky-white.

If carbon dioxide continues to be


bubbled through limewater, the
liquid will eventually go clear
again.
Test For Chlorine Gas
Chlorine gas will turn moist
litmus paper from BLUE to
RED, and will then bleach it
Test for Ammonia

Ammonia gas will turn moist litmus


paper from RED to BLUE
Test for Sulfur dioxide
Test

Litmus paper - The moist blue litmus paper turned red.


- The moist red litmus paper unchanged

Acidified potassium nanganate (VII) - the colour turned from


purple to colourless.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhI7wUBxxeA
SUMMARIZE
Testing For Ions

❖ Anions ( negative charged ions)

❖ Cations ( positive charged ions)

A flame test is used to show the presence of certain metal ions


(cations) in a compound
Cations
▪ Cations are positively charged ions. ( Na+ and Mg 2+
▪ Group 1 metals form monovalent cations. ( Lithium forms Li+ )
▪ Group 2 metals form divalent cations. (Eg. Calcium forms Ca2+ )
▪ Group 3 metals form trivalent cations. (Eg. Aluminium forms Al3+ )
Common Cations
Monovalent Divalent Trivalent

Lithium Li+ Barium Ba2+ Aluminium Al3+


Potassium K+ Calcium Ca2+ Iron(III) Fe3+
Sodium Na+ Magnesium
Copper(I) Cu+ Mg2+
Silver Ag+ Zinc Zn2+
Hydrogen H+ Iron(II) Fe2+
Tin(II) Sn2+
Lead(II) Pb2+
Copper(II) Cu2+
Anions
❖ Anions are negatively charged ions. (Chloride ions, Cl-, and oxide ions,
O2-)

❖ Group 6 elements form divalent anions. (Eg. sulphide forms S2- )

❖ Group 7 elements form monovalent anions. (Eg. fluoride forms F- )


Common anions
Monovalent Divalent Trivalent

Bromide Br- Oxide O2- Phosphate PO43-


Chloride Cl- Carbonate CO32-
Iodide I- Sulphate SO42-
Hydroxide OH- Sulphite SO32-
Nitrate NO3- Sulphide S2-
Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ using
flame tests
Instructions for a flame test:

1. Clean the flame test metal loop wire by dipping it into


hydrochloric acid and then holding it in a hot Bunsen flame.
2. Repeat this until the wire doesn't produce any colour in the
flame.
3. When the wire is clean, moisten it again with some of the
acid and then dip it into a small amount of the solid you are
testing so that some sticks to the wire.
4. Place the wire back in the flame again.

5. If the flame colour is weak, it is often worthwhile to dip the wire


back in the acid again and put it back into the flame as if you
were cleaning it. You often get a very short but intense flash of
colour by doing that.
Test Results

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJkLuwt8GWU
Test for NH4+ :
All ammonium salts react with dilute alkalis, such as sodium hydroxide,
to give ammonia.

NH4Cl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + NH3(g)

Because it is an alkaline gas, ammonia will turn red litmus blue.


Testing For Cations using Sodium Hydroxide solution

▪ Test for cations (Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ ) using sodium hydroxide
solution.
Test for Cu2+

▪ When a copper(II) salt is added to sodium


hydroxide, a pale blue precipitate of copper(II)
hydroxide is formed.
Copper + Sodium → Copper + Sodium
sulphate hydroxide hydroxide sulphate

CuSO4 + NaOH → Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4

▪ Formation of a blue precipitate shows the Blue precipitate of


presence of copper (II) ions. copper (II) hydroxide
Test for Fe2+
▪ When an iron(II) salt is added to sodium hydroxide,
a dirty green precipitate of iron(II) hydroxide is
formed.
Iron + Sodium → Iron + Sodium
sulphate hydroxide hydroxide sulphate

FeSO4 + 2NaOH → Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4

▪ Formation of an green precipitate shows the presence of


iron (II) ions
Test for Fe2+
▪ When an iron(II) salt is added to sodium hydroxide,
a dirty green precipitate of iron(II) hydroxide is
formed.
Iron + Sodium → Iron + Sodium
sulphate hydroxide hydroxide sulphate

FeSO4 + 2NaOH → Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4

▪ Formation of an green precipitate shows the presence of


iron (II) ions
Testing for SO42-

SO42- , using dilute hydrochloric acid and barium


chloride solution

➢ Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of the


sulphate and then barium chloride solution is added.
Barium sulphate precipitate

A white precipitate shows the presence of a sulphate.

BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq)→ BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)


Testing for Chloride ions (Cl- , Br-, I-)

Add dilute nitric acid to a solution of the halide, and then


add silver nitrate solution.
White ppt
Pale- yellow ppt

Cream ppt

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