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Experiment 4

The document describes Experiment #4 which aims to determine the origin of blood through the precipitin test. The experiment involves preparing known standard human blood samples, known standard animal blood samples, and a questioned blood sample at different dilutions. These are added to test tubes containing precipitin reagent to cause a reaction. If precipitation occurs, it indicates the blood is of human origin as the precipitin reagent contains antibodies produced against human blood antigens. The experiment allows identification of human blood and differentiation from other animal blood sources.

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Mama Choii
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61 views4 pages

Experiment 4

The document describes Experiment #4 which aims to determine the origin of blood through the precipitin test. The experiment involves preparing known standard human blood samples, known standard animal blood samples, and a questioned blood sample at different dilutions. These are added to test tubes containing precipitin reagent to cause a reaction. If precipitation occurs, it indicates the blood is of human origin as the precipitin reagent contains antibodies produced against human blood antigens. The experiment allows identification of human blood and differentiation from other animal blood sources.

Uploaded by

Mama Choii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment #4

Determination of Blood Origin

I. Objective
1. Understand and appreciate the principle involved in determining the origin of
blood.
2. Be familiar with the technique used in the identification of human blood.

II. Apparatus/Materials

Small test tubes, test tube rack, medicine dropper, beaker (80ml), pipettes, questioned
blood sample, standard blood sample

III. Procedure

1. Ring Test

1.1. In a small test tube, place 9.999 ml of normal saline and to this, add 0.001 ml
of standard or known human blood extract (equivalent to 1:10,000 dilution).
1.2. Prepare the following solutions of known and questioned blood extract in two
separate small test tubes:
1.2.1. Add 0.5 ml of standard or known animal blood extract to 49.5 ml of
normal saline (1:100 dilution) to a small test tube,

1.2.2. Add 0.5 ml of questioned blood extract to 495 ml of normal saline


(1:1000 dilution) to another small test tube.
1.3. Place the blank and control in another two separate small test tubes
followed by the three small test tubes containing the standard human blood, standard
animal and questioned blood samples.

1.3.1. Blank (does not contain blood extract)

1.3.2. Control (contains only normal saline)

1.3.3. Standard human blood

1.3.4. Standard animal blood

1.3.5. Questioned blood samples

1.4. Add each of the prepared known and questioned samples including the
blank and control to the different test tubes containing the precipitin reagent.
1.7. Perform this test at room temperature. Be sure that there is no air bubble.
Do not stir the content of the tube.
1.8. Record and illustrate your observations.

(Note: Use the commercially prepared 0.9% NaCl or normal saline solution.)

IV. Observation

1. What resulted from the addition of the standard or known human blood extract to the
test tube containing precipitin?

2. Which of the test tubes do not show precipitation? Why?

3. What is the basis of the Precipitin Test?


4. When do you get a positive Precipitin Test result?

V. Post Laboratory Discussion


Guide Questions

1. What is the principle involved in determining the origin of blood?

2. In the preparation of the precipitin reagent, what is the reason why an animal, usually
a rabbit, has to be injected with human blood?

3. What is human anti-serum?

4. How can the blood of other known animals be determined through this test?

5. What is the specific reaction that occurs between the human blood and the
antibodies?
6. What will be formed between the questioned blood extract and the precipitin?

7. What is the basis of the Gel Diffusion Test?

VI. Conclusion

VII. Illustration

VIII. Documentation

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