ST.

NICOLAS COLLEGE BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY

The Relationship Between Parents’ Monthly Income of the ABM Students and

their Academic Performance

A Research Presented to the Faculty of St. Nicolas College of Business

and Technology Senior High School Department

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for

Practical Research 2

ABM-12

Submitted by:

Baltazar, Michelle Apple Kate

De Leon, Mark Sherwin

Oliquino, Michael Gabriel

Paghunasan, Christian

Salangsang, Rizalyn

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2
 Acknowledgements

There are so many people the researchers should thank for their encouragement
and assistance on this journey that we kindly ask apologize for not recognizing
everyone. First and foremost, Juliana Maun and Einjel Payad, thank you for helping
us when we do not understand what to do in our research and for reviewing our
manuscript.

We would also like to thank our friends Jemima France Yanes, Alexcille Lucilla,
Candy Claire Ramos, Kyra Baluyut, Justin Vitangcul and Sheed Gomuz, having no
shoulders to lean on or rest on we could not complete this journey, let alone finish it.
We appreciate all of you.

Along the process, some of you gave words of support, and for that, We grateful.
We did not understand how many friends and supporters we had until we started this
process. We will always be grateful for that.

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 Abstract

This study aim to determine the relationship between Parents' Monthly Income of ABM
students to their Academic Performance. The result was used as a guide for further research
about this topic To Impart information.

The respondents in this study are 30 ABM students in Senior High School of St. Nicolas
College of Business and Technology that are included in this study and also they are
selected randomly to prevent from being biased. Furthermore, to keep their information
private and confidential.

For The Data Collection, the researchers of this study conducted a checklist question that
were used for their Parents' Monthly Income. On the other hand, for Academic Performance
was measured by looking out at the ABM Students general average to their teacher.

The result for Parents’ Monthly Income shows that 9 out of 30 (30%) of ABM students
respondents answered ₱20,000, 4 (13.33%) answered ₱10,000 and the other 4 (13.33%)
answered ₱15,000, 3 (10%) answered ₱30,000, 3 (10%) answered ₱40,000 and the other 3
(10%) are ₱50,000. On the other hand 1 ( 3.33%) answered ₱45,000 and the other
1(3.33%) answered ₱60,000. Lastly, 2 (6.67%) answered ₱70,000 that their parents’
monthly income.

In conclusion, most of the respondents answered PHP 20,000 for their parents' monthly
income.

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 Table of Contents

………………………….. 06
Chapter 1: Introduction and Background

Statement of the problem ……………………………………. 07

Scope and delimitation ……………………………………… 07

Significance of study ……………………………………… 08

Chapter 2: Review of related literature and studies ………….……….. 09

Local RRL ……………………………………………. 9-10

International RRL ………………………………………. 11- 12

Conceptual Framework …………………………………….. 13

Hyphothesis ……………………………………………. 13

Definition of terms …………………………………………14

………………………… 15
Chapter 3: Research and methodology

Respondent and Sampling ………………………………….. 16

Data Collection ………………………………………….. 16

Statistical Treatment ………………………………………. 17

Chapter 4: Results and Disscussions ……………………………18 - 19

Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusion and Recommedation ………………………. 20 - 21

Bibliography …………………………………………... 22 - 23

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 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

One of the most main aspects of developing human resources is education. The
findings showed that family income significantly affected the academic achievement of
students. It was recommended that in enhancing academic achievement in school
settings, support strategies such as improving family income among families. Monthly
income is important in the field of education. It has been demonstrated that having a
sufficient monthly income improves students' academic performance. According to
Lacour & Tissington, (2017) income and sources of income have an impact on student
success. The academic achievement of many students from low-income families is often
compared to that of their peers whose parents earn more money. Due to a lack of
student resources, low income directly has a negative impact on the academic
achievement of the students. According to Rofikul M. (2017) students' academic
performance is greatly influenced by a variety of variables, including their socioeconomic
status of their parents, the setting of their school and classroom. The socioeconomic
standing of the student's parents or family has a significant impact on academic
achievement.

Due to the fact that it is another concern for the students, their absence of a
monthly income demonstrates how it will impact their academic performance.

Despite having many trials with their financial problems, many are still able to finish
their studies. According to Dias (2017) despite having low-income parents, low-
income students were able to develop a passion for learning and perform
academically in school. They also felt proud of their academic achievements.

The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between parents' monthly
income of ABM students to their academic performance. The researchers aim to

6
 identify if the parents’ monthly income of ABM students affects their academic
performance. Hence, the participants in this study will be Grade 11 and 12 ABM
students studying at St. Nicolas, College of Business and Technology.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study seeks to determine the relationship between Parents’ Monthly Income to

the Academic Performance of ABM Students. Especially, this research aims to

answer the following questions:

1) What is the relationship between Parents’ Monthly Income to the Academic

Performance of the Students?

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION:

This study focused mainly on determining the relationship of parents’ monthly income

to the academic performance of grade 11 and 12 ABM students. This study only focuses on

the parents’ monthly income of the students and its relation to their academic performance.

The goal of this study is to determine the relationship between parents’ monthly

income to the academic performance of ABM students at St. Nicolas College of Business

and Technology. Hence, the selected respondents for this study will be students from grades

11 and 12 in Accounting Business and Management (ABM).

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 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research is aims to provide crucial information and knowledge about the relationship

between parents’ monthly income to the academic performance of the students,

Specially, this research will benefit the following :

1. Students. This study is beneficial to students since they will be

aware to manage their parents’ monthly income and their

academic performance.

2. Teachers. This research aims to provide them having an idea

of how the parents’ monthly income of the students affects their

academic performance.

3. Parents. This study will give them an idea of how they can

manage or budget their monthly income and how it can affect their

childrens’ academic performance.

4. Future Researchers. This study will serve as source

material for future researchers as they will have an idea if the

monthly income can affect the academic performance of the

students, and for them to have references as related studies

or literature to their future studies.

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 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

LOCAL

According to this article titled “Strand and Statehood Predictor of Senior High School

Graduates: A Tracer Study”, over three-fourths of the respondents stated that they did not

attend school because of financial concerns. Nearly one-fifth of the uninterested graduates

asserted that it was their lack of interest that had led them to this condition of affairs.

Maligalig, & Albert's analysis showed that lack of interest and financial concerns ranked first

among secondary education of students' excuses for not attending class. In the study of

Alfredo Padios, Rovelyn Lejano, Vanessa De Asis, and Sophia Ann Torre Gorospe (2021)

entitled "Strand and Statehood Predictor of Senior High School Graduates: A Tracer Study"

it is stated that because of lack of financial income is the reason why the students did not

attend school. Furthermore, this study only tackles the financial problem, while the shown

study tackles general average in academic performance and parents’ monthly income.

According to this article titled “Socio-Economic Factors and the Academic Performance of

Senior High School Students in Candon National High School”, Chandra's (2017) contextual

study, socioeconomic status is the main factor in determining children's academic success.

Researchers are increasingly looking at how socioeconomic background affects educational

processes, including academic achievement. In his study, Shamim (2017) contrasted the

socioeconomic condition of students with their English language test results from the most

recent public exam. He discovered that students with greater incomes consistently

outperformed students with lower incomes. He proposed that the association between high

family income and pupils' greater levels of English proficiency could be explained by the

earlier education they received in private English-medium schools as opposed to students

from lower-income families. The findings demonstrated that socioeconomic status has a
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major impact on academic success. In the study by Feljone Ragma & John Patrick Foronda

Molina (2017) entitled "Socio-Economic Factors and the Academic Performance of Senior

High School Students in Candon National High School," it is stated that socioeconomic

status had a major effect on academic achievement. Furthermore, it only tackles

socioeconomic status and the academic achievement of the students, while the shown study

tackles general average in academic performance and parents’ monthly income.

This article titled “Self-Perception of ABM Students toward their Academic, Social and

Emotional College Preparedness”, shows that the social status is considered diverse as

reflected by their average family income and it demonstrates how the students' earnings in

their monthly income reveal that earning percentage is 21.6%, followed by the monthly

earnings of PHP 16,000 and PHP 20,000. The lowest percentage, 15.7%, earns between

P11,001 and P15,000 per month, making up 17.6% of the population. 10.2% of workers earn

less than Php 10,000 while high earners average Php 31,000 or higher. Additionally, the

students are recent graduates of the different private schools in the area. 8.2% of

respondents attended public schools. Regarding the children's high school general

weighted average (GWA) received 90 to 94 in 47.1%. Only 8.2% of respondents reported

attending public schools. Only 5.1% achieved a perfect score of 95 to 99, 11.0% received an

85 to 89, and 36.9% performed on average between 80 and 84. Hence, having an average

monthly income might have an impact on their children's academic performance. The

findings of Jawad (2017) showed that students have the necessary social skills to pursue the

ABM track with the help of their family support and also their family's financial income. In the

study by Remedios P. Magnaye (2020) entitled “Self-Perception of ABM Students toward

their Academic, Social and Emotional College Preparedness”. It is stated that financial

support for the children might influence them to improve their academic performance.

Furthermore, this study only tackles family income and support, and academic performance

(grades), while the shown study tackles general average in academic performance and

parents’ monthly income.

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INTERNATIONAL

In this study entitled “Assessment of Socio-Demographic Factors and Student’s Satisfaction

with the Study of ICT in Secondary Schools”, found that parental income level was a

decreasing function of student satisfaction with college. According to the findings of a study

conducted in Pakistan, parental education and money had a favorable impact on their

children's academic achievement (Soharwardi et al., 2020). In the study of Valentine Joseph

Owan, Michael Ekpenyong Asuquo (2021) entitled "Assessment of Socio-Demographic

Factors and Student's Satisfaction with the Study of ICT in Secondary Schools" it is stated

that income had a favorable impact on their children's academic performance. Furthermore,

the study only tackles whether parental income had an impact on their children's academic

achievement, while the shown study tackles general average in academic performance and

parents’ monthly income.

In this study entitled “The Effects of Family Income on Children’s Education: An Empirical

Analysis of CHNS Data”, Dahl & Lochner (2017) used the US federal government's anti-

poverty program for low-income families as an instrumental variable of household income,

and the empirical findings indicated that the increase in income of low-income families

money is important for the academic performance of their children. Similarly to this, Zhou

Haiting (2017) listed a number of effects of family on children’s maths performance using the

linear structural model proposed by Joreskog and the findings showed that a parent's degree

of education and family income had quite a great impact on children’s academic

performance. In the study of Han Lv (2017) entitled "The Effects of Family Income on

Children's Education: An Empirical Analysis of CHNS Data," it is stated that family income

has a significant influence on their children’s academic performance, and increasing family

income can improve their education level. Furthermore, this study only tackles family income

11
and academic performance (score), while the shown study tackles general average in

academic performance and parents’ monthly income.

In this study entitled “The Impact of Parental Level of Income on Student’s Academic

Performance in High School in Japan”, the socioeconomic situation of a child-parent affects

the academic growth and performance of the child. In this study the effect of socioeconomic

status was evaluated, specifically on a student’s academic achievement in Senior High

School, depending on the parent's income and the parent-child relationship. These are the

factors of this study with Chioma Henrietta Machebe, Bernedeth N. Ezegbe, Joseph Onuoha

(2020). The academic grade of students on a test was also used to gauge their academic

achievement and also students' academic performance in school depends more on their

extracurricular activities than on the parent’s financial situation. Some findings indicated that

higher academic student achievement is obtained by those who come from financially

secure families. In the study by Chioma Henrietta Machebe, Bernedeth N. Ezegbe, Joseph

Onuoha (2020) entitled "The Impact of Parental Level of Income on Students’ Academic

Performance in High School in Japan" it is stated that socioeconomic status has an impact

on the child educational development and achievement. Furthermore, this study only tackles

the parent's financial income and academic performance (scores and extracurricular

activities) while the shown study tackles general average in academic performance and

parents’ monthly income.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Parents’ Monthly Academic Performance

Income

General Average
Parents’ Income

HYPOTHESES

H₀ - Parents’ monthly income has no significant impact on the academic performance of

the students.

H₁ - Parents’ monthly income has a significant impact on the academic performance of the

students.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

To further understand this research study, the following terms are defined conceptually or

operationally:

Parents’ Monthly Income

According to Law Insider, is the sum of gross monthly income of any parents who live with

the kid as well as the income of any other adults in the household who are taken into

account for determining the household size. On the other hand, as the researchers defined

in this study it focuses on determining how the parents’ monthly income of the students

affects their academic performance:

Academic Performance

According to Ballotpedia, it is the measurement of student achievement across various

academic subjects. Teachers and education officials typically measure achievement using

classroom performance, graduation rates, and results from standardized tests. On the other

hand, academic performance as the researchers defined in this study focuses on

determining the general average of the students.

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 Chapter 3

Research and methodology

RESEARCH DESIGN

This type of research will be used in this study is Quantitative Research because

according to Pritha Bhandari (2020), quantitative research is the procedure for gathering and

examining numerical data. It can be applied to identify correlations and averages, formulate

hypotheses, examine relationships, and generalize findings to larger populations. This is

applicable to the present study because it examines numerical dataand the relationship

between the 2 variables that were used in this study.

Non-experimental will be used in this study because according to Frey B. (2018), non-

experimental research designs are those that look at social phenomena without directly

affecting the circumstances that the subjects go through. Additionally, subjects are not

divided into several groups at random. As a result, there is little data to back up the cause-

and-effect connections. This is applicable to the present study because they did not directly

affect the circumstances their respondents go through.

Correlation research design under non-experimental will be used in this study because

according to Pritha Bhandari (2021) a correlational research design looks into correlations

between variables without the researcher modifying or controlling any of them. This is

applicable to the present study because it wants to find out the relationship between parents’

monthly income and students' academic performance and if the parents’ monthly income

impacts their academic performance.

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RESPONDENTS AND SAMPLING

This research will be chosen is the probability sampling technique because probability

sampling is the process of choosing a sample from a population when that choice is made

using chance, random selection, or another form of randomization. According to Kassiani

Nikolopoulou (2022) probability sampling is a sampling technique that involves picking a

sample, or a section of the population, at random. Under probability sampling, simple

random is chosen in this study because according to Lauren Thomas (2020) simple random

sample is a population subset that has been chosen at random. With this sampling method,

there is an equal chance that every member of the population will be chosen. Since it just

includes a single random pick and requires little prior population knowledge, this method is

the easiest of all the probability sampling techniques. It is applicable in this research

because the researchers want to be fair in the selection of their respondents. The

respondents in this study are required 30 ABM Students in Senior High School that are

studying in St. Nicolas College of Business and Technology.

DATA COLLECTION

To gather data for this research, the researchers will use a checklist question for the

independent variable. However, for the dependent variable, the researchers will seek the

respondents teacher and will ask for their general average. To ensure the respondents

privacy the researcher will only tell the students number to the teacher and the teacher will

not give the name of the student. The respondents will be informed that all of their

information in the survey and gathered data will be kept private and confidential.

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Statistical treatment

Pearson R method will be used in this study because according to Shaun Turney

(2022), the Pearson correlation coefficient is a descriptive statistic, which means it

enumerates the features of a data set. It specifically indicates the strength and direction of

the linear relationship between two quantitative variables. It is applicable in the present study

because it analyzes data sets between two variables which are the Parents’ Monthly Income

and Academic Performance of ABM students.

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 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents tables and interpretation data

10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 45,000 50.000 60,000 70,000

4 4 9 3 3 1 3 1 2

TABLE 1: PARENTS’ MONTHLY INCOME

Table 1 presents that Parents’ Monthly Income shows that 9 out of 30 (30%) of

ABM students respondents answered ₱20,000, 4 (13.33%) answered ₱10,000 and

the other 4 (13.33%) answered ₱15,000, 3 (10%) answered ₱30,000,

3 (10%) answered ₱40,000 and the other 3 (10%) are ₱50,000. On the other hand

1 ( 3.33%) answered ₱45,000 and the other 1(3.33%) answered ₱60,000. Lastly, 2

(6.67%) answered ₱70,000 that their parents’ monthly income.

In conclusion, most of the respondents answered PHP 20,000 for their parents'

monthly income.

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 Academic Performance Pearson R Indicator

86.07 0.25 Low correlation

Table 2: THE COMPUTED CORRELATION OF PARENTS MONTHLY INCOME OF

ABM STUDENTS AND THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

Table 2 presents that there is a positive low correlation between Parents’

Monthly Income and Academic Performance of ABM students.

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 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

SUMMARY

The researchers conduct this study to know if there is a relationship

between Parents' Monthly Income to the Academic Performance of the

students.

In this study the independent variable is the Parents' Monthly Income

and for the dependent variable is the Academic Performance.

This study aim to determine the relationship between Parents' Monthly

Income of ABM students to their Academic Performance. The result was used

as a guide for further research about this topic

To Impart information. The respondents in this study are 30 ABM

students in Senior High School of St. Nicolas College of Business and

Technology that are included in this study and also they are selected

randomly to prevent from being biased. Furthermore, to keep their information

private and confidential.

For The Data Collection, the researchers of this study conducted a

checklist question that were used for their Parents' Monthly Income. On

the other hand, for Academic Performance was measured by looking out at

the ABM Students general average to their teacher.

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CONCLUSION

Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. Parents' Monthly Income and Academic Performance has positive low

correlation to each other.

2. There is no significant relationship between Parents' Monthly Income and

Academic Performance of the students.

RECOMMENDATION

According to the conclusion of this study, the following recommendations are

proposed:

1. Since there is a result of positive low correlation, it is a recommended to look for

the other variables that may be rlated to each other and also this study will be
subjected for further research.

2. The findings of this study can be used and served as a review for further research.

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 BIBLIOGRAPY

[1] Bhandari P. (2022, October 10). ). Correlational Research | When & How to Use.

Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/correlational-research/

[2] Bhandari P. (2022, October 10). What Is Quantitative Research? Definition, Uses

& Methods. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/quantitative-research

[3] Chioma, M. H., Bernadeth, E. N., & Joseph, O. (2017). The Impact of Parental

Level of Income on Students' Academic Performance in High School in Japan.

Universal Journal of Educational Research. Link: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1170144

[4] Feljone, R., & Molina, J. P. F. (2017/10/15). SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AND

THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN

CANDON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL. :

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324528498

[5] Frey B. (2018). The SAGE encyclopedia of educational research, measurement,

and evaluation. SAGE Publications, Inc, (Vols. 1-4).

https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781506326139.n562

22
[6] Lin, T., & Lv, H. (2017, November). The effects of family income on children’s

education: An empirical analysis of CHNS data. Research on Modern Higher

Education. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321317848

[7] Magnaye, R. p. (2020, December). Self-Perception of ABM Students towards

Their Academic, Social and Emotional College Preparedness. International Journal

of Educational Management and Development Studies. https://eric.ed.gov/?

id=ED612049

[8] Nikolopoulou K. (2022, October 10). What Is Probability Sampling? | Types &

Examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/probability-sampling/

[9] Owan, V. J., & Asuquo, M. E. (2021, July 18). Assessment of Socio-Demographic

Factors and Students’ Satisfaction with the Study of ICT in Secondary Schools.

Pedagogical Research. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/11087

[10] Padios, jr., A. C., Lejano, R. L., Gorospe, S. A. T., & De Asis, V. L. (2021,

January). Strand and Statehood Predictors of Senior High School Graduates: A

Tracer Study. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348620420

[11] Thomas L. (2022, July 6). Simple Random Sampling | Definition, Steps &

Examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/simple-random-sampling/

23
 [12] Turney S. (2022, September 6). Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) | Guide &

Examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/pearson-correlation-coefficient/

Survey Instrument

Direction : The researchers are currently conducting a research entitled “ The Relationship

Between Parents’ Monthly Income of ABM Students And Their Academic Performance

“ Please Answer the questionnaire completely and honestly by putting a checkmark to your

answer. Your response will be treated with utmost care and confidentiality.

1. How much is your parent’s monthly Income?

Php 5,000 Php 50,000

Php 10,000 Php 55,000

Php 15,000 Php 60,000

Php 20,000 Php 65,000

Php 25,000 Php 70,000

Php 30,000 Php 75,000

Php 35,000 Php 80,000

Php 40,000 Php 85,000

Php 45,000 Php 90,000

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 Appendices

Parent’s Monthly Income

Student
Number 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 60,000 70,000
#
21-00098 ✓
21-00100 ✓
21-00096 ✓
21-00103 ✓
21-00032 ✓
21-00078 ✓
21-00082 ✓
21-00014 ✓
21-00126 ✓
21-00079 ✓
21-00093 ✓
21-00080 ✓
21-00060 ✓
21-00021 ✓
21-00007 ✓
22-00138 ✓
22-00045 ✓
22-00032 ✓
22-00043 ✓
22-00093 ✓
22-00110 ✓
22-00102 ✓
22-00040 ✓
22-00054 ✓
22-00046 ✓
22-00003 ✓
22-00054 ✓
22-00098 ✓
22-00083 ✓
22-00021 ✓
25
 3 4 9 4 3 1 3 1 2

General Average

Students 64 74 75 77 78 80 82 85 86 87 90 91 92 94 95 97
Number

21-00103 ✓
21-00079 ✓
21-00021 ✓
21-00014
21-00007 ✓
21-00093 ✓
21-00060 ✓
21-00100 ✓
21-00080 ✓
21-00032 ✓
21-00070 ✓
21-00082 ✓
21-00098 ✓
21-00096 ✓
22-00126 ✓
22-00046 ✓
22-00110 ✓
21-00138 ✓
22-00083 ✓
22-00045 ✓
22-00098 ✓
22-00093 ✓
22-00043 ✓
22-00054 ✓
22-00032 ✓
22-00102 ✓
22-00003 ✓
22-00040 ✓
22-00057 ✓

1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 8 1 2 1 1 2

26
Pearson R

r = n (∑xy)-( ∑x) (∑y)

√[ n ∑x2 - (∑x)2] [ n∑x2 – (∑y)2

r = 30 ( 76 860 000) – (885 000) ( 2567)

√ [ 30 ( 36 325 000 000 ) ( 885 000 ) 2] [ 30 ( 221 711) – (2567) 2]

r = 2 305 800 000 – 2 271 795 000

√[ 1 089 750 000 000 – 783 225 000 000 ] [6 651320 – 6 589 489]

r = 34 005 000

√ [ 306 525 000 000 ] [61, 841 ]

r = 34 005 000

√ 18 995 812 525 000 000

r = 34 005 000

137680109.40

r = 0.25 Low Correlation

27