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Isaeva

In this paper the solution of the multiclass classification problem of the events recognition during the movement of a bogie model along rails containing defects is described. The problem was solved using LSTM recurrent neural networks and implemented by Python programming language. The method of the data collection and the description of the test stand is given. Conclusions about the efficiency of event recognition from a given set are made.

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Алина Исаева
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25 views2 pages

Isaeva

In this paper the solution of the multiclass classification problem of the events recognition during the movement of a bogie model along rails containing defects is described. The problem was solved using LSTM recurrent neural networks and implemented by Python programming language. The method of the data collection and the description of the test stand is given. Conclusions about the efficiency of event recognition from a given set are made.

Uploaded by

Алина Исаева
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Rail condition monitoring using LSTM recurrent neural

networks

M A Denisenko1, A S Isaeva1, I N Kots1


1
Southern Federal University, Taganrog, 347922, Russia

isaevaas@sfedu.ru

Abstract. In this paper the solution of the multiclass classification problem of the events
recognition during the movement of a bogie model along rails containing defects is described.
The problem was solved using LSTM recurrent neural networks and implemented by Python
programming language. The method of the data collection and the description of the test stand
is given. Conclusions about the efficiency of event recognition from a given set are made.

1. Introduction
Improving the efficiency of detecting defects in the railway track is an urgent task for any state that
implements railway communication on its territory. The large length of railway tracks (more than 85
thousand kilometers of general-purpose tracks in the Russian Federation) makes it difficult to regularly
inspect them and detect defects. All over the world, systems for diagnosing the condition of railway
tracks are being actively developed, including the use of artificial intelligence systems [1-3].
Development of monitoring systems installed on existing railway cars and (or) trains, transfer and
aggregation of the received data, analysis and identification of places of possible defects sems to be a
good strategy. Data from a microphone, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a photos of a railway tracks, etc.
could be analyzed. In this paper we used information about accelerations that a vehicle moving on rails
is subjected to.

2. Test bench development


A model of a railway bogie was designed and manufactured for this experiment. Bogie is complected
with an NVIDIA Jetson module, a Bluetooth/WiFi wireless data transmission module, sensitive
elements - an inertial accelerometer module, and a power bank.
The rail track model consists of two metal L-shaped (3 × 3 cm) profiles 4 mm thick and 2 m long,
fixed on wooden bars. The bogie rolls along the top edge of the profile. There are two such structures,
so we have a total track length of 4 m and a joint that imitates a non-welded butt rail joint. The model
was leveled and fixed on a solid base. A defect imitating rail spalling was applied to the working surface.

3. Data collection and processing


For the task of multiclass classification solving six variables were used: activity, user, timestamp, x-
axis, y-axis, z-axis. Activity is the target variable and its takes three values: 1 (corresponds to the event
"driving on rails"), 2 (corresponds to the event "non-welded joint of the rail track detected") and 3
(corresponds to the event "defect detected "). The x-axis, y-axis, z-axis are accelerations along the x, y,
z axes. Numeric variables were normalized and converted to binary features, i.e., to a unitary code (one-
hot encoding). In total, the training sample included 1957111 acceleration measurements, the test sample
included 489275 measurements, that is, 80% and 20%, respectively, of the entire data set: 840,536
acceleration measurements were collected when a bogie model traveled on rails that did not contain
defects, 775,118 acceleration measurements when a bogie model traveled along a joint, and 830,735
acceleration measurements when a bogie model traveled along a defect. Accelerations were taken at a
sampling rate of 400 Hz.

4. Neural network training and classification


To implement the event recognition algorithm, a network of long short-term memory (LSTM) was used.
It is a one of recurrent neural networks. The LSTM network is well adapted to learning on the problems
of classification, processing and forecasting of time series in cases where important events are separated
by time lags with indefinite duration and boundaries. To improve the performance of the model, a
bidirectional LSTM network (Bidirectional LSTM) was used. Unlike a conventional LSTM network, a
bidirectional LSTM network is trained on both the direct and external side of the input data [4].
The LSTM neural network was implemented using the Keras library. It consists of one layer of 128
neurons. The model was trained for 20 epochs, batch size = 32. During the training of the neural network,
frames of 200 and 500 values of the timestamp feature were used.

5. Conclusion
The neural network determines the event with an accuracy of 91%. The largest number of errors occurs
due to the fact that the model cannot distinguish between the events “non-welded track joint detected”
and “defect detected”.

Acknowledgments
The work was carried out at the expense of funds, task No. FENW-2020-0022 for the implementation
of scientific research carrying out scientific research at the expense of the Federal budget, in terms of
scientific activities on the topic "Development and research of methods and means of monitoring,
diagnostics and forecasting state of engineering objects based on artificial intelligence".

References
[1] X. Giben, V. M. Patel and R. Chellappa. Material classification and semantic segmentation of
railway track images with deep convolutional neural networks // 2015 IEEE International
Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). – 2015. – PP. 621-625.
[2] X. Gibert, Xavier, P. Vishal, R. Chellappa. Robust Fastener Detection for Autonomous Visual
Railway Track Inspection // Proceedings - 2015 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of
Computer Vision. – 2015.
[3] C. Yang, Y. Sun, C. Ladubec, Y. Liu. Developing Machine Learning-Based Models for Railway
Inspection // Applied Sciences. – 2021. – Vol. 11(1):13.
[4] Ralf С. Staudemeyer, Eric R. Morris. Understanding LSTM - a tutorial into Long Short-Term
Memory Recurrent Neural Networks // ArXiv. –2019.

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