Who are Simian?

Occupational Health & Safety Consultants

„ Scaffolding & Work at Height Specialists
„ Access industry safety experts
„ Independent Scaffold Inspection Service

Training Provider
Scaffolding Loading Towers „ CISRS Scaffolding Training Centre
„ CSCS Test Centre
By „ Construction Skills – Apprentices, SSSTS, SMSTS
Simon Hughes CMIOSH, MIIRSM
Supply-chain Scaffolding Support
Simian Risk „ Pre-qualifications, Procurement, Specifications
House Builders Federation
3rd February 2011 Scaffolder Safety Equipment & Consumables
„ Spanners, Tools, Harnesses, Rescue Kits etc…

Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 1 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 2

Work at Height Regulations 2005

Schedule 3 – part 2 additional requirements for scaffolding

7) Strength & stability calculations for scaffolding shall be

carried out unless…

a)) A note of calculations,, covering

g the structural
Loading Towers arrangements contemplated is available; or,

b) It is assembled in conformity with a generally

recognised standard configuration.

What is a generally recognised standard

configuration? – Discuss.
Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 3 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 4

HSE Press Release: June 2010 New TG20:08

„ NASC Technical Guidance (TG)
“As from 1st January 2011 the Health and Safety Executive will „ Guide to Good Practice for Scaffolding with Tubes & Fittings
no longer acknowledge BS5973:1993 as a recognised „ Technical guidance on the use of BS EN 12811-1: 2003
„ Introduced November 2008
standard for the design of tube and fitting scaffolding
„ 2 Volumes
structures” Volume 1 – Includes Basic Scaffolds fully ledger braced without design
V l
Volume 2 – Technical
T h i l Information
I f i forf the
h design
d i off scaffolds
ff ld outside
id off
Volume 1.
Philip White
Chief Inspector of Construction
Health and Safety Executive

Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 5 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 6

1
TG20:08 Benefits TG20:08 Scope
„ Applies to whole British Isles (BS 5973 Wales & England only) „ Recommendations for the design, construction and use of
„ Wider range of standard scaffolds in section 2 than BS5973 common access scaffolds in steel tubes and fittings, used for:
(e.g. inside boards, debris netting) ƒ Construction
„ Ledger Bracing retained unless designed (Volume 2) ƒ Maintenance
„ Includes putlog scaffolds with a reasonable duty (Class 1-4) ƒ Repair
„ Façade bracing every 6 bays (BS5973 30m & TG20:05 5 bays) ƒ Demolition
„ 6 new standard tie pattern options (1 previously) „ Excludes falsework and formwork
„ Includes unclad, debris netting and solid sheeting „ Not legislation, but a guide to good practice
„ Maximum height calculation simplified (from 16 tables to 3) „ Limit State Design (BS EN 1993: 1992)

Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 7 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 8

TG20:08 Standard Scaffolds Loading bays founded on the ground

Section 2 (volume 1) Standard Scaffolds Section 5 (volume 1) Special scaffolds [Clause 20]

„ Only applies to Independent Tied Scaffolds & Putlog Scaffolds!

‘The scaffolds are not subjected to the loading of materials, by

mechanical means such
s ch as by
b rough
o gh terrain
te ain forklift
fo klift trucks.
t cks
Loading bays should be specially designed, see Clause 20’

„ Therefore, TG20 and WAHR requires all other scaffolds to be

designed and calculated (also see HSE Scaffold Checklist)

Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 9 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 10

Loading bays founded on the ground Loading bays founded on the ground
Loadings
Loadings – Decking
„ Loads typically in excess of load class 4 (3kN/m2)
„ Loading bay should be designed for the minimum load class of „ Choose the length of a loading bay in modules of standard scaffold

the access scaffold it services (e.g. heavy duty Class 4 3kN/m2) board lengths (e.g. 13ft/3.9m or 10ft/3m)

„ For palletised materials - design for a uniformly distributed load „ Avoid the need for short boards as these may easily be dislodged

(UDL) of 10kN/m2 or the actual weight of the load. b heavy

by h loads.
l d

„ Consider the nature of loading (point or distributed) „ Note for imposed loads considered, the tube transom is often the

„ Impact load from mechanical handling equipment (e.g. crane, critical item, not the scaffold board spanning between the
forklift etc.) allow: transoms.
ƒ 25% increase of the largest individual load.
„ Note (fig 23) max transom spacing is 450mm for 5 board wide or
ƒ 10% of the weight horizontally in any possible direction.
600mm for 4 board wide. Some designs specify transom clusters.
„ Fatal Accident Learning!
Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 11 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 12

2
Loading bays founded on the ground Loading bays founded on the ground
Loadings – Decking Loadings – Decking
„ Only BS2482 scaffold boards should be used to conform to TG20! „ Properties of scaffold boards differ when a palletised (rigid) load is
spread across a minimum of 4 boards (Table 18 Volume 2).
Width
Hoop Iron
„ Data based on max load duration of 5 days and minimum of 27%
225mm (9”)

moisture
i t content.
t t
Depths
38mm (1 1/2”)
50mm (2”)
Gang-nail plate
63mm (2 1/2”)
„ Approximately 32% greater moment of resistance across 4 boards
Lengths
3.90m (13ft) 3.00m (10ft) 1.80m (6ft)*
than a single board.
ƒ BS 2482 : 2009 Specification for timber scaffold boards
ƒ Max Spans 38mm = 1.5m MG board, 1.2 VG and 63mm = 3.25m „ Scaffold boards may be doubled, but layers of boards must be
ƒ 38mm boards supported on 4 transoms, but of less than 3.35m support on 3 parallel (i.e. same direction across the transoms).
transoms.
ƒ Short boards less than 2.13m should be tied down to prevent tipping. „ Transoms should not project beyond the outer face.
Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 13 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 14

Loading bays founded on the ground Loading bays founded on the ground
Lifts Vertical Bracing
„ Loading towers can be fully erected (2m lifts) or progressive „ Should be braced diagonally on all four sides.
(brickwork lifts 1.35m to 1.5m). „ Loading bay bracing may be considered as contributing to the
„ Max lift height typically 2m. longitudinal (façade) bracing of the access scaffold (see c.6.3).

„ Loading platforms required at floor levels with the building – the „ Inside bracing that hinders access to the loading bay may be
design should restrict the length of standards with supplementary placed outside of the tower on the main scaffold (zigzag
lifts (dummy) to give the necessary load carrying capacity in the formation).
standards… „ The external face bracing may be modified (omitted) to give access
(e.g. 3m floor heights could be divided into 2m + 1m lifts) (e.g. multiple level loading bays).

„ Bracing must intersect the node within 300mm.

Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 15 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 16

Loading bays founded on the ground Loading bays founded on the ground
Plan Bracing
„ Loading bays should be plan braced at alternate lifts.

„ Plan bracing may be external (wing or wind braces) to the access

scaffold. Note extra ties may be specified (within 3m’s)!

„ Plan braces should be fixed with right-angle couplers (EN74) to the

standards (within 300mm of the node).

„ Where proprietary beams are used special consideration should be

given where plan bracing is fixed to the bottom cords (i.e. with
swivel couplers (EN 74)).

Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 17 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 18

3
Loading bays founded on the ground Loading bays founded on the ground
Couplers Couplers
„ Supplementary transoms fixed with right-angle couplers should be
„ Right-angle couplers (EN74) should be used throughout to fix: specified where putlog clips (singles) are used to fix board
ƒ Ledgers to standards transoms.
ƒ Transoms to ledgers or standards (except board transoms) „ Load bearing ‘band and plate’ couplers may be used instead.
ƒ Guardrails to standards
„ Fatal Accident Learning!
g
ƒ Vertical Braces to ledgers and transoms (on doubles)
ƒ Beams to standards

Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 19 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 20

Loading bays founded on the ground Loading bays founded on the ground
Couplers Couplers
„ Swivel couplers (EN74) may be used to fix: „ Design to specify which class of coupler should be used if greater
ƒ Braces to standards
ƒ Spurs to ledgers or standards
capacity is required (e.g. BS EN 74 – 1 : 2005 Class ‘B’)
ƒ Plan braces to beam cords „ Otherwise standard Class ‘A’ couplers are assumed.
ƒ To splice joints (as parallel couplers)
p BS EN 74 Right-angle
„ For example g g couplers
p have safe loads
„ Spigot
S i t pins
i may be
b used
d to
t joint
j i t standards
t d d only,
l
specified in TG20:08 of…
however sleeve couplers are recommended
throughout.
ƒ Class ‘A’ = 6.1kN
„ Supplementary couplers (checks) may be
specified in the design to increase slip ƒ Class ‘B’ = 9.1kN

resistance.

Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 21 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 22

Loading bays founded on the ground Loading bays founded on the ground
Joints & Staggers Guardrails
„ Guardrail protection must be provided on all faces of the platform
„ Joints in ledgers, transoms and braces should be avoided, where where there is a risk of falling.
possible. „ Main guardrail at a minimum of 950mm above the platform
„ Standards should staggered so that no more than 3 joints appear surface.
in the same lift per bay.
bay „ No gap greater than 470mm between
„ Joint positions must be considered in the design and calculations. guardrails or toeboard.

„ Toeboards at least 150mm high should be

fixed to the outer faces

„ Toeboards should be fixed at a minimum

of two points.

Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 23 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 24

4
Loading bays founded on the ground Loading bays founded on the ground
Loading Bay Gates Falling object protection
„ Guardrail protection must be maintained unless suitable
compensatory measures are taken (e.g. PFPE). „ Brickguards should be fitted where materials could fall between
„ Where guardrails are removed for the passage of a load they guardrails or toeboards.
must be for the shortest time necessary and reinstated ASAP.
„ Loading bay gates should be provided that maintain collective fall „ If netting or sheeting is added then the extra wind load must be
protection – engineering solutions before systems of work. considered in the design and calculations
calculations.
„ Fatal Accident Learning!
„ Materials stacked higher than the main guardrail
need to be assessed.

„ Fatal Accident Learning!

Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 25 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 26

Loading bays founded on the ground Loading bays founded on the ground
Other considerations Other considerations
„ Don’t fix passenger or goods hoists to loading bays.
„ Consider the adequacy of foundations „ Hoists must be tied independently to the building.
„ Tying of the loading bay.

„ Commissioning, handover and statutory inspection

„ Signage
Si e.g. Maximum
M i load
l d rating
ti (in
(i telehandler
t l h dl operator
t speak)
k)

Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 27 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 28

Loading bays founded on the ground Loading bays founded on the ground
Other considerations Other considerations
„ Multi-level loading bays „ Safe erection, altering & dismantle (SG4:10)
„ Standalone loading bays to floor slabs

Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 29 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 30

5
Loading bays founded on the ground Loading bays founded on the ground
Proprietary Loading Bays Proprietary Loading Bays
„ Layher Allround
„ System scaffolding offers significant
advantages over tube and fitting:
ƒ Standard configurations
ƒ Greater loading capacity
ƒ Faster construction / adaption
ƒ Compatible with T&F
„ Must be assembled in accordance with
the manufacturers instructions.
„ Scaffolders should have received specific
training in the particular system (ideally
SSPTS).

Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 31 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 32

Loading bays founded on the ground Loading bays founded on the ground
Proprietary Loading Bays Proprietary Loading Bays
„ Haki Universal „ Cuplok

Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 33 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 34

Loading bays founded on the ground Case Study 1

Proprietary Loading Bays
„ PERI Up Materials or objects safely stored to
prevent:
ƒ Collapse
ƒ Overturning
ƒ Unintended movement

Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 35 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 36

6
Case Study 2 Case Study 2

Loading Bay
£122,000 fines plus costs

Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 37 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 38

Case Study 3
Subcontractor Paul Laidlaw fell approximately 5m when
a loading bay collapsed in Edinburgh May 2005.
He survived but sustained major injuries.
HSE investigation identified:
Questions
ƒ Failure to design the structure
ƒ Failure to provide safe loading information
ƒ Failure to control the loading of materials
Scaffolding Contractor and Principal Contractor
prosecuted with fines totalling £132,000.
Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 39 Simian R I S K - Access Training & Consultants 40