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Department of Electrical

EngineeringEE-252L

Introduction to Embedded Systems

Lab (Report) – Semester Project

“Automatic Street Light Using LDR”

1. Submitted by: Tayyaba Parveen(BSEE-2020-05)

Muhammad Umair Hassan(BSEE-2020-37)

2. Submitted to: Engr. Awais Yaqoob

Dr. Hamza Zad Gul

Namal Institute, Mianwali

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Contents
1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 2
2. Objective ......................................................................................................................................... 2
3. Equipment Required: ...................................................................................................................... 2
4. Circuit Diagram .............................................................................................................................. 2
5. Project Working Explanation .......................................................................................................... 3
6. Code: ............................................................................................................................................... 4
7. Hardware Picture ............................................................................................................................ 4
8. Applications and Future scop .......................................................................................................... 4
9. Result .............................................................................................................................................. 5
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 Intro
1. Automatic control of streetlights is condescended to turn on and turn off streetlamps
consequently. This venture actually take a look at how much light. In dark it will turn
on and in light it will be turned off automatically rather than doing it manually.
2. LDR is a light dependent resistor, in light it’s resistance is low and in dark it’s
resistance is high.

 Objective
1. The fundamental point behind making this automatic streetlight using LDR is to
save the power. As the light turns ON and OFF as per the prerequisite it saves the
power and additionally diminishes our work.
2. This task of automatic street light using LDR is a savvy, reasonable, ecofriendly
and the most secure method for saving energy. It plainly handles the two issues
that world is confronting today, saving of energy and furthermore removal of
incandescent lights, proficiently.

 Equipment required:

Hardware:
1. Atmega328p
2. LDR
3. LEDs
4. Breadboard
5. Wires
6. Cutter(for wires)
Software:
1. Microchip Studio
2. Proteus

 Circuit Diagram:
 OFF Condition
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 ON Condition

 Project Working Explanation

1. First of all code is written on microchip studio and burnt on atmega328p.
2. Then microcontroller is put on breadboard and further connections are made.
3. PORTB is declared output and PORTC as input.
4. LDR is connected on PC0 and is grounded similarly another 10k ohm resistor
along is connected.
5. Three LEDs are connected on PB0, PB1 and PB2 with 220 ohms resistors and
grounded.
6. When LDR is in light it’s resistance will be low and most of the current from
power source will go towards it and LEDs won’t light up.
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7. When LDR is in dark it’s resistance will be high and most of the current from
power source will go towards LEDs and they will light up.
8. When light falls on LDR electrons from valence band jump to conduction band
and increase conductivity whereas:
conductivity 1/ resistivity

 Code:
 INCLUDE "M328PDEF.INC"
 START:
 . LDI R16, 0xFF
 OUT DDRB, R16 ; DECLARE AS OUTPUT
 LDI R17, 0x00
 OUT DDRC, R17 ; DECLARE AS INPUT
 OUT PORTB, R16 ; ON ALL THE LEDs AT PORTB
 HERE:SBIC PINC, 0
 RJMP HERE
 OUT PORTB, R17 ; OFF ALL THE LEDs AT PORTB
 RJMP START
 Hardware Implementation:

 Applications and Future Scope:

1. Being Lethargic enough to turn on or switch off the streetlamp physically and
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neglect to turn it on or off every day. So this task can be effectively utilized to
save your power and consequently your cash.
2. In developing nations, load shedding issue can be settled to some degree by
saving however much you can. By utilizing automatic streetlamps, we can
save most extreme measure of energy which is helpful for your country and
furthermore gainful for people as well.
3. Some more applications are:
 Very flexible
 Easy to manufacture
4. It tends to be utilized to advance security in metropolitan regions and to
expand the personal satisfaction by misleadingly broadening the hours in
which it is light so movement can occur.
5. Automatic street lighting additionally further develops wellbeing for drivers,
riders, and people on foot.

 Results
1. The Streetlight controller utilizing ldr based Light force, in the todays up
developing nations will be more compelling if there should arise an
occurrence of cost, labor and security as contrast and the present running
convoluted and complex light controlling frameworks.
2. Automatic Street Light Controlling Framework sets up an extremely easy to
understand approach and could expand the power.
3. The project has been effectively constrained by microcontroller.
4. With orders from the microcontroller the lights will be ON in the spots of the
development when it's dull and vice versa depending on principle of LDR
making our lives easier.