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This document presents a new theory and formula for calculating a variant mass for particles emitting gravitational energy. It demonstrates that as a particle orbits a large planet or star, or is part of a binary star system, it will lose mass due to emitting gravitational energy. This variant mass formula is verified by its ability to explain the gravitational redshift of light passing near the Sun and the precession of Mercury's orbit. The paper finds symmetry between phenomena at the atomic level and planetary/astrophysical level, and argues its results are relevant for unification theories by relating gravitational and electromagnetic radiation.

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yish Chaudhari
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28 views5 pages

Untitled

This document presents a new theory and formula for calculating a variant mass for particles emitting gravitational energy. It demonstrates that as a particle orbits a large planet or star, or is part of a binary star system, it will lose mass due to emitting gravitational energy. This variant mass formula is verified by its ability to explain the gravitational redshift of light passing near the Sun and the precession of Mercury's orbit. The paper finds symmetry between phenomena at the atomic level and planetary/astrophysical level, and argues its results are relevant for unification theories by relating gravitational and electromagnetic radiation.

Uploaded by

yish Chaudhari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Variant Mass for a Particle which emits Gravitational Energy for a particle
orbiting a large Planet or Sun and for a Binary Star and Variant Frequency for
the Light passing close a...

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Variant Mass for a Particle which emits Gravitational Energy for a
particle orbiting a large Planet or Sun and for a Binary Star and
Variant Frequency for the Light passing close a Gravitational Field
from a Massive Object (Sun): The Physics and emission of the
gravitational energy.
Giovanni Alcocer
Independent Research, Guayaquil Ecuador. Email: giov_alc_science@hotmail.com
Master in Physics with specialization in Astrophysics and Medical Physics, Professor of
Physics, Advanced Mathematics and Science in general, author of the recognized and
renowned articles: The Fundaments of the Mass: Gravitation, Electromagnetism
and Atom.

Abstract

The Fundament of the Mass and the new theory and formula of the Variant
Mass for a particle in Gravitation is presented at this article research.

Albert Einstein wrote in a research article: “Does the inertia of a body depend
on its energy content?” (Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seimen
Energienhalt abhängig?): “If a body emits energy E in the form of radiation,
its mass decreases by E/c2. The fact that the energy that leaves from the body
is converted into radiation energy makes no difference, so the more general
conclusion is reached that the mass of a body is a measure of the content of
its energy ... It is not impossible that with bodies whose content of energy is
highly variable (for example radio salts) the theory can be successfully
tested. If the theory corresponds to the fact, radiation conducts inertia
between the bodies that emit and absorb it”. Thus, Maxwell's theory shows
that electromagnetic waves are radiated (Maxwell Radiation) whenever
charges accelerate as for example for the electron. Then, this electromagnetic
radiation (photons) produces a decrease in the mass of the electron which is
given by the formula of the Variant Mass for an Accelerated Charged Particle
which was demonstrated by myself at this research: Variant Mass for an
Accelerated Charged Particle. Besides, it is explained at the article the
energy conversion from energy to mass (independently of the formula that
explain this conversion it occurrs and it is a fact). It is explained and
demonstrated the formula E=mc2 with a different approach. Indeed, there are
experiment evidences as for example the conversion of the photon with high
energy in two particles with mass (positron and electron) and the opposite
the annhilation of two particle with mass (positron and electron) in energy.

1
There is simmetry between the atom and the planetary system. It is
obtained and demonstrated by myself the Variant mass for a particle
which emits gravitational energy for a particle orbiting a large Planet
or Sun and for a Binary Star. The difference between the atom and the
planetary system is that in a gravitational field the particle or a planet
around the sun can take any position at the space and any radius, but the
electron at the atom only can take restricted positions which are explained
by quantum mechanics, and the electrons don´t emit radiation when they
orbit around the nuclus. After the gravitational energy emission of the
particle or planet, it decreases its radio and the velocity increases. The
same process occurs in the atom for the electron when jump from one orbit
to another orbit at the atom: the particle decreases its radio and the velocity
increases with emission of electromagnetic energy (photon) at the jump of
the electron from one orbit to another with less radius. Thus, the electron
only radiates this energy when it jumps from one orbit to another orbit at
the atom. It is in accordance with the experimental results from the
spectral lines of the atom. Besides, the electron losses mass as result of
this emission. The discovery formula for the Variant Mass of the Electron
at the Atom which describe exactly the variant mass of a charged particle at
the atom which emits electromagnetic energy from one stationary level to
other was demonstrated by myself a the research: The Fundamen of the
Mass: The Variant Mass for the electron at the atom. Therefore, it is
possible to appreciate the symmetry of the physics and the nature by
comparing what happen at the atom (microscopic scale) and at the
planetary system or space (macroscopic scale).
Thus, this is true for any type of radiation emitted: electromagnetic or
gravitational energy which produce a decrease in the mass of the body.
Therefore, the objective of this research is to demonstrate by theory,
experiment and result the discovered formula which describe exactly the
Variant mass for a Particle which emits Gravitational Energy for a
particle orbiting a large Planet or Sun and for a Binary Star. A
verification or test of the effect of this Gravitational energy emission is the
light deflection for the light passing close the Sun (gravitational redshift
frequency) and the Perihelion Precession of Mercury. It is obtained by
appling the formulas of Gravitational Red Shift and Effects of the
Gravitation on the time measure, frequency, wavelength and on the light
velocity which can be deduced from the Variant Mass formula and then, it
is applied in fact the time dilation and length contraction formula instead of
applying General Relativity. Then, those formula works and explain the
experimental deflection light and the Perihelion Precession of Mercury. It
occurs that the theoretical model of space-time and curvature of space-time
2
due the presency of a heavy mass also explain this effect (General
Relativity Theory) or explain this experimental fact. The advantage of my
demonstration of the light deflection with the formulas that I have obtained
and demonstrated at the article is that I dont use complicated mathematics
to obtain the same results. In the word of many Physics: Many models
can explain the same or obtain the same results but Physics must go always
in the directions where it is explained in better way the nature and with
simmetry (obtaining results with more accuracy and precision) and in easy
form.

Also, the gravitational energy emission is verifiable no only in the light


deflection passing near the Sun but also in the Perihelium Precession of
Mercury which is also explained at the article. It is also demonstrated and
explained the effects of the gravitation in the Perihelion Precession of
Mercury.

In resume, the formula for the gravitation redshift frequency, the


wavelength, the light velocity, time measurement and the decreasing radius
for a particle in a gravitational field are demonstrated. The formula of the
light velocity is tested for the deflection of light passing close to the sun.
The formula for time dilation and decrease distance are used to calculate
the Perihelion Precession of Mercury. It is in agreement with the
experiment result and with the Theory of General Relativity.

Thus, the results of the mass formula are of great relevance for
Gravitational Interactions. The results are in accordance with the classic
result for the emission of the total gravitational energy (bond total energy)
for a particle orbiting a large Planet or Sun and for a Binary Star. Besides,
it is in agreement with the experiment result and with the Theory of
General Relativity.
In addition, the gravitational redshift formula can be obtained from the
variant mass in the case of a particle: which is an example of the simmetry
between a particle or a photon. Thus, there is a correlation between
photons and particles in the Variant Mass formula (particle wave duality).

Then, photons and particles are used indistinctly at this research (for
example the formula of the gravitational redshift frequency for the light is
obtained from the formula of the variant mass due the gravitational
potential). Besides, it is used the energy E=hf for the photon energy at the
demonstration of the gravitational redshift formula (at the thought
experiment 1).

3
Mainly, this research is relevant for an unification theory. It can be
concluded from this research that gravitational and electromanegtic energy
are radiation of the same kind but with different frequency in the spectrum
electromagnetic. This research has profound relation and isingnia of the
results for quantum mechanics as for example with the Atom of Bohr and it
constitutes an important step for an unification theory.

In conclusion, the consequences of this research are amazing and in


accordance with the same General Theory of Relativity, Newton Theory
and with profound Insignia in Quantum Mechanics and for the Unification
Theory.

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