Hydraulic structure II-sample questions for exit exam preparation

1. Which one of the following is true about dam outlet works

a. used to convey water from a reservoir to a point downstream of a dam
b. serves to regulate or release water impounded by a dam
c. It may release incoming flows at a retarded rate
d. divert incoming flows into canals or pipelines
e. release stored waters
f. All
2. Dam outlets could be
a. Spillways
b. Bottom outlets
c. High head outlets
d. All
e. None
3. Dam outlets can be provided
a. At the body of the dam
b. On the side of a dam
c. As pipe
d. As a canal
e. All
4. Which of the following is correctly matched

a. Canal outlets - discharges into a canal

b. Emergency drawdown - to release water temporarily stored in flood control storage
space or to evacuate storage in anticipation of flood inflows
c. River outlets - empties directly into the river for river flow requirements
d. All
5. Specific release of dam outlets depends on the following except
a. Downstream needs
b. flood control regulation
c. storage consideration
d. to reduce environmental release
e. legal requirements
6. Determination of the proper outlet capacity where flood control is a major function is
dependent on
a. Sediment input
b. Magnitude of design flood for the project
c. Reservoir storage capacity required for control purposes
d. spillway capacity
e. Downstream channel capacity
7. Which of the following is not true
a. Irrigation outlet capacity are based on a consideration of peak demands
b. Outlet capacity for emptying reservoir are based on the volume of water to be
evacuated
c. Outlet capacity for emptying reservoir does not consider inflow
d. Outlet capacity for emptying reservoir is on the basis of the allotted emptying period
HWRE Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering
Set By: Dagmawie Negash
 Hydraulic structure II-sample questions for exit exam preparation

8. Which one of the following is false

a. Layout of outlet works depends on topography
b. Outlet are placed regardless of the minimum reservoir operating level
c. Layout of outlet works depends on geology
d. All
9. Which of the following component of the outlet works provides control of water flow
a. Intake structure
b. Inlets channel
c. Conduit water ways
d. Chute
10. Cavitation
a. Can cause damage to concrete structures
b. Can cause damage to steel structures
c. Occurs when pressure in the flow of water exceeds the value of the pressure of the
saturated water vapour
d. Pressure and velocity affects it
e. Disrupts flow pattern and it is noisy
11. Cavitation can be prevented by
a. Increasing the velocity above 30.5m/s
b. Aeration
c. Avoiding low pressures
d. Ramps
12. A spillway can be located
a. within the body of the dam
b. at one end of the dam
c. entirely away from the dam as an independent structure
d. all
e. none
13. Which of the following is not true about spillway
a. choice of design is a function of the nature of the site
b. choice of design is based on the type of dam
c. choice of design is based on the overall economics of the scheme
d. spillway is cheaper structure
e. used to release surplus or flood water which cannot be contained in the allotted
storage space
14. Which one of the following is true
a. EARTHFILL AND ROCK FILL DAMS need less spillway capacity as it can
withstand overtopping
b. Spillway capacity is determined from the hydrological studies over the drainage area
c. Terminal structure are provided to dissipate excess energy of the flow in order to
avoid scouring of the stream bed in spillways
d. a & c
e. b & c
15. Spillway components include

HWRE Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

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 Hydraulic structure II-sample questions for exit exam preparation

a. bottom outlet
b. outlet
c. control structure
d. entrance channel
e. discharge channel
f. all except a
16. Spillways are classified in to three main types based on their function. Which one of the
following is correctly matched with its function?
a. Service spillways - designed for frequent use in conveying flood releases.
b. Auxiliary Spillways - designed for frequent use and may sustain limited damages
when used
c. Service reservoir - designed to pass the entire design flood.
d. Auxiliary spillways – used as a supplement to the main spillway
e. Emergency spillways - designed to provide a reserve protection against overtopping
of a dam
17. Which of the following is correct about free overfall spillway
a. commonly used for low earth dams (or earthen bunds)
b. has a low height narrow crested weir as control structure
c. can be used in high drops and yielding foundations
d. Free overfall spillway cause the scouring of the streambed downstream
18. The water flowing over the crest is guided smoothly over the crest and is made to glide
over the downstream face of the spillway in
a. Free overfall spillway
b. Ogee spillways
c. Side channel spillway
d. Chute spillway
19. Which of the following is not true
a. An overflow spillway has a relatively lower coefficient of discharge
b. Shape of the ogee spillway is a function of head over the crest
c. the design head in ogee spillway should not be less than about 80% of the maximum
head in order to avoid the possibility of cavitation
d. square nosed piers have higher coefficient than pointed nosed piers
20. Which of the following is false about side channel spillways
a. side channel spillways are common in rock fill dams
b. deeper channel and the steeper the side facing the spillway, the better energy
dissipation
c. The depth, width, and bed slope of the flume could be designed to allow submerged
flow over the spillway crest
d. a & c
21. Chute spillway
a. are commonly used in earthen and rock fill dams
b. sometimes used in gravity dams
c. is provided with low Ogee weir as a control structure
d. stilling basins are common as energy dissipation

HWRE Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

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 Hydraulic structure II-sample questions for exit exam preparation

e. all
22. Which one of the following is correctly matched
a. shaft spillway – morning glory –funnel shaped – circular
b. bottom outlets – used for reservoir drawdown
c. arch dams – culvert type bottom outlet
d. bottom outlets – are provided with single gate
23. The dissipation of the excessive kinetic energy of the water can be made possible by the
following except
a. converting the supercritical flow into subcritical flow by hydraulic jump
b. By using different types of buckets
c. converting the subcritical flow into supercritical flow by hydraulic jump
d. by directing the flow of water into air and then making it falls away from the toe of
the structure
24. Which of the following is correct
a. jump height curve (J.H.C)  y2 vs q
b. Tail water Rating curve (T.W.R.C.)  yo versus q
c. The depth y2 can be found from y1 and q
d. All
25. Which of the following is not true condition when TWRC coincides with JHC
a. Jump is created far from the toe of the spillway
b. A simple horizontal apron is sufficient for energy dissipation
c. Apron length is equal to the length of the jump of the maximum discharge over the
spillway
d. All
26. When T.W.R.C. (y2’) lying above the y2 curve for all discharges, identify the false
statement
a. The jump is drowned out by tail water
b. The jump will form on the sloping apron
c. A lot of energy is dissipated
d. Energy dissipation can be made by roller bucket
e. A drop can be used as energy dissipater
f. Secondary dam can be used for energy dissipation
27. Which of the following is false about the condition when T.W.R.C. (y2’) lying below the
y2 curve for all discharges
a. Is the most frequent type of jump
b. The jump moves far downstream
c. Insufficient tail water depth for the jump
d. Energy dissipation is achieved by stilling basin
e. Stilling basin helps to elongate the length of jump
28. Practical solutions for T.W.R.C. (y2’) lying below the y2 curve include
a. Lowering the floor level D/S of the spillway to make sufficient tail water depth
b. Stilling basin with baffles or sills at river bed level
c. Stilling basin with a low subsidiary dam
d. Ski Jump bucket energy dissipater to throw the water away

HWRE Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Set By: Dagmawie Negash
 Hydraulic structure II-sample questions for exit exam preparation

e. All
29. Which of the following is false for the condition when the T.W.R.C (y2’) lying below the
y2 curve for smaller discharges and lying above y2 curve for larger discharges
a. For high discharges it is possible to combine the stilling basin with a sloping apron to
develop jump
b. For low discharges it is possible to use stilling basin with an end sill or low
secondary dam to form jump
c. jump will develop at lower portion of the apron at high discharges and at higher
portion of the apron at low discharges
d. all
e. none
30. The head loss in a spillway surface can be increased for effective energy dissipation by
a. using a rough spillway
b. placing baffles on the spillway surface
c. using stepped spillways
d. all
e. all except b
31. The main problems in stilling basin include all except
a. vibration of basin elements
b. cavitation
c. abrasion
d. uplift
e. none
32. Which one is false about stilling basin having Fr<2.5,
a. needs only chute blocks
b. horizontal apron is sufficient
c. The length of the apron should be the length of the jump
d. All
33. Which one is false about Stilling Basins for Fr1> 4.5,
a. chute blocks, baffle blocks and end sill are used for v<15m/s
b. the jump length and the stilling basin are shorter for V1 > 15 m/s
c. chute blocks and end sill can be used for V1>15m/s
d. all
e. none
34. Plunge pools are effective energy dissipation mechanisms for
a. free falling jets
b. ski-jump spillways
c. flip buckets
d. all
e. all except c
35. Which of the following is correctly matched

a. Energy dissipation at bottom outlet - sudden expansion energy dissipater

HWRE Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

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 Hydraulic structure II-sample questions for exit exam preparation

b. Submerged bucket dissipaters - when tail water depth are too large as compared to
the sequent depths required for the formation of hydraulic jump
c. Ski – Jump /Deflector Bucket - used where the tail water depth is less than the
sequent depth required for the formation of hydraulic jump and the riverbed is
composed of stiff rock
d. Ski –jump - the major amount of energy dissipation occurs in the region where the jet
plunges into the tail water
e. All
f. All except d

HWRE Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Set By: Dagmawie Negash