Mycoses

Definition:
Fungal diseases caused by fungi’s, lives as parasite on plants, animals, and human bodies. The virulence of fungi’s
depends from condition of plants, character of humans and animals skin. In pathogen y next factors take place:
condition of immune system, skin, neuroendocrine, metabolic disorders, and changes of sweat glands, age, and
profession.

It is divided into:
1. Keratomycoses: Pitiriasis versicolor, erythrasma.
2. Dermatomycoses: Epidemophytia, trichophytia, microsporia, rubrophytia, favus.
3. Candidiasis: (Skin, mucous membrane, internal organs).
4. Deep Systemic Mycoses: Actinomycosis, chromomycosis, blastomycosis.

1. Keratomycoses: it is a fungal diseases which affect stratum corneum of epidermis, superficial part and
processes of sweat, hyperhidrosis and they are less contagious, provoked and caused by anthropophilic
fungi’s transmitting rom body to body.
Pitiriasis Versicolor: it is caused by Pitirosporum orbiculari, often occur after contact with
the sand, sports room which is characterized by variable color spots from white to dark which
is localized on neck, trunk, and the descend spots are covered by easy scaling. The triggers
are: Hyperhydrosisis, changes of physiological scaling and others.
Diagnosis: physiological test called Balcer test.
Balcer test: test with iodine solution 5% where the spots become darker.
Treatment: in the morning solution of iodine is used, in evening ointments with salicylic acid
Erythrasma: it is caused by Corynebacterium Minutissimum and characterized by res color
large non-inflammatory spots, which are located in axillary, perineum, inguinal which is
covered by large scaling (in center may be depigmentation).In hot climates, spring and
autumn may complicated by maceration due to hyperhidrosis and patient may have
complaints of burning, easy itching. Course – chronic with recurrences, especially in patients
with increasing of weight.
Treatment: macrolides, antifungal, erythromycin.
2. Dermatomcoses: the epidermis, dermis and appendages of skin, hairs, nail may affected by fungi’s.
More contagious, often occur in environments.
Epidermorphytia: it is caused by the Epidermophitia fungi’s group which is an anthropophilic fungus (from body
to body), affected superficial layers of skin and nails plates, has 3 clinical forms:
- Epidermophytia of pedis (Athletes foot): it contains 4 forms:
1. Latent form: dangerous for population, patient as source of contamination.
2. Squamous form: Dryness, scaling of soles of common pedis, itching, thickness of
soles, hyperkeratosis.
3. Intertriggious form – more hard form, characterized by presence vesicles, blisters
between lateral folds of toes (5, 4, and 3), exudation, weeping, erosions, ulcers,
and fissures on peripheral – detachment of stratum corneum, severe itching and
pain.
4. Dishydrotic form – serous form, spread to upper arts may b group of vesicles to
plural blisters to erosion with macerative epidermis, edema, severe itching,
painful, and difficult in movements. The process is asymmetrical, may
complicated by 2 pyococcal infection, course – prolonged, torpid with
recurrences.
- Epidermophytia of deep folds/ Inguinal: the spots localized under mammae,
knees, elbows, inguinal, red color, round forms, well defined with scales to large
lesions with erythematous, maceravtive surfaces, covered by vesicles, crusts,
scales to peripheral border with detachment epidermis. Acute start to chronic
course to recidives.
- Epidermophytia of nails: any affection of nails by any fungi is called
onichomysosis. Affection may be atrophical, normotrophical, and hypertrophical.
On nail plates appear white color points/ linear, nail plates becomes non-smooth,

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 yellow colored and thicker and free ends are broken, hyperkeratosis of nails
plates and then becomes thinner (onicholysis). The nail plate’s growth is during 3
months, slowly in pedis.
Trichophytia : affects smooth skin, hairs, and nails.
- Superficial Trichophytia
- Chronic/ black point Trichophytia – affects often scalp (more females)
These groups are caused by anthropophylic fungi.
- Deep/pus infiltrative – caused by zooantpropophylic fungi (horses, cows).
Adults and children are affected, especially in villages and it’s called family infection, which has some small lesions
of the scalp, on the lesions may be folliculitis, even abscess, named as honey signs, hairs are broken 1-2mm of scalp
which are short.

Microsporia: microsporum fungi’s groups caused this pathology; clinical features are same as the tricophytia.
- Superficial lesions: on smooth skin are ring in ring like, means iris form, central
depigmentation.
- Chronic forms
- Deep caused by zooantropophilic fungi’s (cats and dogs), often occur in cities, affected
more children and considered as a school infection. Characteristically 2-3 large lesions in
scalp, 5-8mm hairs broken.
Rubrophytia: caused by tricophyton ruberum fungi’s and has 3 forms:
- R. of pedis – affects soles, common pedis, maybe thickening, dryness, hyperkeratosis,
increase skin marks which are covered by floor like scales.
- R. of hands and pedis – dryness, scaling, hyperkeratosis, affects palms, soles and nails.
- R. Generalized – appear after 2-3 years after contamination (eczema, psoriasis, clinical
signs are seen).
The triggers are: pathology of internal organs, endocrine and nervous system, trophic changes of skin, using or
antibiotics, cytostatic, and steroid.
Favus: it is caused by tricophyton Schoenleini, affects smooth skin and scalp and appear scutules, hairs becomes
dirty, greasy and seen on scalp colored by floor and unpleasant mouth smells, may be abscess on scalp, appears scar
atrophy, after tis no hair growth(alopecia).
3. Candidiasis: it is caused by candida albicans and it is divided into superficial and deep or visceral.
Superficial types affect area between fingers, large natural folds (intertiginous), near mouth, nails fold.
Often appear in person work in the hair salons, kitchen and restaurants.
Diagnosis: Wood’s lamp –dark room without windows.
Keratomycoses - brown and dark red color
Trichophytia – no light
Microsporia – green color
Favus – white silver color

Trichophytia Microsporia
Horse, cows Cats and dogs
Villages’ cities
Family School
Small lesions on scalp 1-2 large lesion
Honey sign, broke 1-2mm 5-8mm
No light green color

Treatment: antifungal drugs – flucanzole, itracanazole, katakanazole.

Allilamine group – terbinafin (250mg/day)
Affection of hands – 6 weeks, pedis -12weeks (3 months).
Nitrofungin, fucorcin, undecin
Onicomycosis – polish.

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