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Flexibility Testing

The document describes several tests used to assess muscle tightness and flexibility in different areas of the body. The Modified Thomas Test assesses tightness of the hip flexors. Ely's Test evaluates tightness of the rectus femoris muscle. Ober's Test measures tightness of the iliotibial band. Piriformis length is analyzed using the Piriformis Test. The Straight Leg Raise assesses hamstring flexibility. Flexibility of the calf, lumbar spine, thoracic spine, and pectoral muscles can also be analyzed using the methods described.

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90 views13 pages

Flexibility Testing

The document describes several tests used to assess muscle tightness and flexibility in different areas of the body. The Modified Thomas Test assesses tightness of the hip flexors. Ely's Test evaluates tightness of the rectus femoris muscle. Ober's Test measures tightness of the iliotibial band. Piriformis length is analyzed using the Piriformis Test. The Straight Leg Raise assesses hamstring flexibility. Flexibility of the calf, lumbar spine, thoracic spine, and pectoral muscles can also be analyzed using the methods described.

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محمد عقل
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Tests for Muscle Tightness

Muscle Length Test (MLT) - "Muscle length testing involves elongating the muscle in the
direction opposite of its action while assessing its resistance to passive lengthening.

1-Modified Thomas’s test:


AIM: measure the flexibility of the hip flexors.
METHOD: The patient lies supine on the edge of the treatment table
• The patient then flexes the opposite knee and hip towards the chest to keep
the lumbar spine flat and in contact with the table during the test.
• the affected thigh allowed to hang off at the end of the table, Gentle overpressure
can be applied to the anterior thigh to further assess the range of available hip
extension.
POSITIVE RESULTS:
The following structures may be considered during a positive test.

Sign Structures affected

Flexed hip Psoas muscles

Extended knee Quadriceps, rectus femoris

Abducted hip and /or medial rotation Tensor fascia lata, iliotibial band

Abduction hip and /or lateral Sartorius


rotation
Modified Thomas Test. A) Normal muscle length. B) Decreased rectus femoris length.
C) Decreased Psoas muscles length. D) Tensor fasciae lata and iliotibial band tightness
(abducted hip).

Ely’s Test (Tight Rectus Femoris)


Indication: This test is used to assess tightness of the rectus femoris
Method: Patient lies prone, and the examiner passively flexes the patient’s knee
Positive result: On flexion of the knee patient’s hip on the same side spontaneously
flexes, indicating that the rectus femoris muscle is tight on that side.
Ober's Test
Indication: This test is used to assess tightness of the iliotibial band
Method: The patient lies on the unaffected side. The lower leg is flexed at the hip and
knee. The examiner then passively abducts and extends the patient’s upper leg with the
knee flexed to90° (Original Ober’s test) or straight (Modified Ober’s test).

Positive result: when the leg remains abducted and does not fall to the level of the table
the iliotibial band is tight

Piriformis Test.
Indication: to test the tightness of piriformis
Methods: The patient is in the side lying position with the test leg uppermost. The
patient flexes the test hip to 60° with the knee flexed. The examiner stabilizes the hip
with one hand· and applies a downward pressure to the knee.
Positive results: If the piriformis muscle is tight, pain is elicited in the muscle.
The straight leg raising test (SLR)
Indication: to test the length of the hamstring muscles
Method: The subject has normal length of the hamstrings: the hip can be passively
flexed to 70 to 80 degrees with the knee held in full extension.
90-90 Straight Leg Raising Test
Indication: this test is used to rule out Hamstring tightness
Methods: The supine patients flex both hips to 90° while the knees are bent. The patient
then grasps behind the knees with both hands to stabilize the hips at 90° of flexion. The
patient actively extends each knee in turn as much as possible. For normal flexibility
in the hamstrings, knee extension should be within 20° of full extension.
Positive results: if the hamstrings are tight, the end feel will be muscle stretch.

Flexibility test for calf muscle


To distinguish between gastrocnemius and soleus tightness Patient is sitting with knee
flexed, if you are able to dorsiflexion when the knee is flexed. The gastrocnemius
muscle is the cause of limitation, since the flexion of the knee slackens the
gastrocnemius (2 joint muscles) by bringing its origin closer to its insertion. Since the
soleus is a one joint muscle, it is not affected by flexion of the knee; if the soleus is
responsible for the limitation, the limitation will be the same whether or not the
knee is flexed
Gastrocnemius Muscle Length Test

(Solues muscle length test )


Testing of the Flexibility of the spine

Lumbar flexion

1- Modified modified Schober:


METHOD: It uses two skin landmarks. The two landmarks include a point
bisecting a line that connects the two posterior superior iliac spines (PSIS) (base line)
and a mark 15 cm superior to the base line landmark.
Flexion—Thoracolumbar Spine

METHOD:
Distance from midline of spine in line with PSIS and spinous process of C7 vertebra
while the subject stands with the spine in a neutral position. After the standing subject
bends forward as far as possible, the increase in distance between the first and second
marks provides an estimate of the amount of flexion of the spine.
FINGERTIP-TO-FLOOR METHOD:

METHOD:
The patient simply bends forward, and the distance between the tip of the middle
finger and the floor is measured with a tape measure.

Lateral Flexion

METHOD:

Two methods for using a tape measure to examine lateral flexion of the spine have
been introduced.
1-Measuring lateral flexion is done by placing a mark at the location on the lateral
thigh that the third fingertip can touch during erect standing and after lateral flexion.
The distance between the two marks represents the range of lateral flexion to that side
2-Using the fingertip-to-floor method, the distance from the third fingertip to the
floor is measured, first with the patient standing erect, and then after the subject
laterally flexes the spine. The change in the distance from erect standing to lateral
flexion is considered the range of lateral flexion
Rotation

METHOD: Using the lateral tip of the acromion and the greater trochanter of the
femur,
Flexibility test for pectoralis major:
Position: supine with both hands clasped around the head, make sure not to
flex your cervical spine and lumber spine remain flat. Patient relax their
shoulder muscles and allow the elbow to move toward supporting surfaces.
Measurement: by tape measure or ruler measure distance from olecranon
and supporting surfaces

Flexibility test for pectoralis minor:


supine with both arms relaxed, natural position of

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