INFLUENCE OF SHEAR WALL OPENINGS ON

BEHAVIOUR OF STRUCTURE

SUMEGH S. PATNE HARSHAL M. BANUBAKODE

Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering,
Prof. Ram Meghe College of Engineering And Prof. Ram Meghe College of Engineering And
Management, Management,
Amravati, India Amravati, India
sumegh.patne@gmail.com harshal.banubakode@gmail.com

Abstract—In recent decades, shear wall structures are the most Torki Harcheganiua et.al. (2011), has stated that, effect of
appropriate structural forms, which have caused the height of openings dimensions on the relative flexural behavior of
concrete buildings to be soared. In present work, sixteen storey adjacent piers (independent or conjugate) in perforated shear
buildings (49.2m) have been modeled using software package walls is addressed. 384 designed models were made and
ETAB v 9.7.4 for earthquake zone III in India. Different
exposed to lateral loads. For middle openings, in addition to
positions and location of shear wall with opening conditions are
considered for studying their effectiveness in resisting lateral the alpha parameter in the literature, the relative flexural
forces. Study on different opening conditions for storey drift and behavior of piers in medium-rise buildings can be predicted as
diaphragm displacement concluded that provision of opening in function of thickness-to-length ratio of the coupling beam and
shear wall ultimately helps to achieve the economy. the ratio of the coupling beam length to the pier length; but in
high-rise buildings, it is always conjugate. For corner
Index Terms—Shear wall, lateral forces, storey drift, openings, the alpha parameter must be modified with respect
diaphragm displacement. to the number of stories.
Rahangdale and Satone (2013), they stated that, shear wall
I. INTRODUCTION system are one of the most commonly used lateral load
A shear wall building is in no way different from an resisting in high rise building Shear wall has high in plane
ordinary framed building. However, it differs significantly stiffness and strength which can be used to simultaneously
when it comes to transference of lateral loads. Shear walls are resist large horizontal loads and support gravity loads.
vertical stiffening elements designed to resist lateral forces Incorporation of Shear wall has become inevitable in multi-
exerted on a building by wind or earthquakes .Shear walls are storey building to resist lateral forces. According to them,
vertical elements of the horizontal force resisting system. Shear efficient and ideal location of shear wall of G+5 Storey
walls are constructed to counter the effects of lateral load building in Zone IV is presented with some preliminary
acting on a structure. In residential construction, shear walls investigation which is analyzed by changing various position
are straight external walls that typically form a box which of shear wall with different shapes for determine parameter
provides all of the lateral support for the building. like axial load and moments. This analysis is done by using
Standard package STADD-pro.
In the last two decades, shear walls became an
Sardar and Karadi (2013), they stated that, shear wall has high
important part of mid and high-rise residential buildings. As
in plane stiffness and strength which can be used to
part of an earthquake resistant building design, these walls are
simultaneously resist large horizontal loads and support
placed in building plans reducing lateral displacements under
gravity loads. Shear Walls are specially designed structural
earthquake loads. So shear-wall frame structures are obtained.
walls include in the buildings to resist horizontal forces that
Openings are used as architectural needs to have
are induces in the plane of the wall due to wind, earthquake
window or doors; besides, engineers want to design buildings
and other forces. They are mainly flexural members and
without shear lag under negative shear.Shear walls are
usually provided in high rise buildings to avoid the total
frequently pierced for doors, windows and corridor openings.
collapse of the high rise buildings under seismic forces. The
II. LITERATURE SURVEY study of 25 storeys building in zone V is presented with some
investigation which is analyzed by changing various location
of shear wall for determining parameters like storey drift,
Lin and Kuo (1988), they stated that, had conducted finite storey shear and displacement is done by using standard
element analysis and experimental work to study the ultimate package ETAB. Creation of 3D building model for both linear
strength of shear wall with openings under lateral load. In test static and linear dynamic method of analysis and influence of
program, the different amount and pattern of reinforcement concrete core wall provided at the center of the building.
were arranged around the openings.
 Model 1 (b) - Floor plan with the box type shear wall with
Awdy and Hassan (2013), has been focus on developed to door opening
assess the relative influences of various tensional resisting on
the capacity of open rectangular shear walls. The stability is
considered a four system of loads which produce zero
distortion on cross section of shear wall. Finite element
software ANSYS is used to perform the buckling analysis of
open rectangular shear walls, also theoretical analysis will be
presented for obtaining the critical buckling loads of open
rectangular shear walls. An extensive set of parameters is
investigated including dimensional parameters (walls
thickness, shape factor, mono symmetry, and proportion
factor) and discussions of the results are illustrated.
III. METHODOLOGY
Building models which are consider for analysis in ETAB
v9.7.4 software are given below
Plan Elevation
Model 1 – Floor plan with the box type shear wall.
Model 1 (c) - Floor plan with the box type shear wall with
eccentric window openings.

Plan Elevation
Model 1(a) - Floor plan with the box type shear wall with Plan Elevation
center window openings.
Model 2 – Floor plan with the center shear wall.

Plan Elevation
Plan Elevation
Model 2(a) –Floor plan with the center shear wall with center Model 3 − Floor plan without shear wall
window openings.

Plan

Shear wall locations –

Plan Elevation
Shear walls are used as the main lateral force resisting system
in N-S and E-W directions. In this research 10” thick ordinary
Model 2(b) – Floor plan with the center shear wall with door
concrete shear walls are used in two locations, at the ends and
at the mid-region of the buildings and their effect on lateral
openings.
load distribution and displacement examined.

Analysis data for all the models –

 Type of frame: Special RC moment resisting frame


fixed at the base


Seismic zone: III


Number of storey: G + 15


Floor height: 3.0 m


Depth of Slab: 150 mm


Size of beam: (300x 450) mm


Size of column (exterior): (300x 450) mm


Size of column (interior): (300x 450) mm
Spacing between frames: 6 m along x and 6m along


y- directions
Live load on floor: 3 KN/m2

Plan Elevation
Dead load: 3.75 KN/m2
 Floor finish: 1.0 KN/m2

Model 2(c) − Floor plan with the center shear wall with
Materials: M 30 concrete, Fe 415 steel Material


eccentric window openings. Thickness of wall: 230 mm


Thickness of shear wall: 250mm
Density of concrete: 25 KN/m3
 Density of infill wall : 20 KN/m3
 Type of soil: Medium

Table 1 - Loading combination

SR NO. LOAD COMBINATION

1 1.5 (D.L + L.L )

Plan Elevation
 Diaphragm displacement -
2 1.2(D.L + L.L + E.Q.X.) Diaphragm displacement is the displacement of the diaphragm
with its original position under the lateral effect.
3 1.2(D.L + L.L - E.Q.X.)

4 1.2(D.L + L.L + E.Q.Y.)

5 1.2(D.L + L.L - E.Q.Y.)

6 1.5 (D.L + E.Q.X )

7 1.5 (D.L - E.Q.X )

8 1.5 (D.L + E.Q.Y )

9 1.5 (D.L - E.Q.Y ) Figure 2 – Diaphragm displacement

10 0.9 D.L + 1.5 E.Q.X

11 0.9 D.L - 1.5 E.Q.X

a) The following graph showing the diaphragm displacement

12 0.9 D.L + 1.5 E.Q.Y of box type shear wall among model 1, 1(a), 1(b), 1(c) and
model 3.
13 0.9 D.L - 1.5 E.Q.Y

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Storey Drift -
Storey drift is the displacement of one level relative to the
other level above or below. As per Indian standard, Criteria
for earthquake resistant design of structures, IS 1893 (Part 1) :
2002, the storey drift in any storey due to service load shall
not exceed 0.004 times the storey height.

Figure 3- Comparative study for diaphragm displacement

of box type shear wall against storey height.

b) The following graph showing the diaphragm

displacement of center type shear wall among model 2,
2(a), 2(b), 2(c) and model 3.

Figure 1 – Storey drift

 Figure 6- Comparative study for story drift of center type
Figure 4 - Comparative study for diaphragm displacement of shear wall against storey height.
center type shear wall against storey height.
e) The following graph showing the diaphragm displacement
With the reference of Figure 3 and Figure 4, for box and
of box type shear wall with opening among
centre type shear wall, the diaphragm displacement is
model1(a),1(b),1(c)
approximately same for all types of opening in shear wall and
with the shear wall without opening. But, the same
comparison with the building without shear wall shows the
importance of the shear wall in a building.

c) The following graph showing the storey drift of corner

type shear wall among model 1, 1(a), 1(b), 1(c) and model 3

Figure 7- Comparative study for diaphragm displacement of

box type shear wall with opening against storey height.

f) The following graph showing the diaphragm displacement

of center type shear wall with opening among model 2(a),
2(b), 2(c)

Figure 5- Comparative study for story drift of box type shear

wall against storey height.

d) The following graph showing the storey drift of center type

shear wall among model 2, 2(a), 2(b), 2(c) and model 3.

Figure 8 - Comparative study for diaphragm displacement of

center type shear wall with opening against storey height.
 V. CONCNLUSIONS multi-storied building with openings by nonlinear
methods”, ISSN 2319 – 6009 2(3), August 2013.
 The presence of shear wall can affect the seismic 7] Himalee Rahangdale and S.R. Satone, “ Design and
behavior of frame structure to large extent, and the analysis of multistoried building with effect of shear
shear wall increases the strength and stiffness of the wall”, ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com 3(3), May-
structure. Jun 2013.
8] Essam M. Awdy and Hilal A. M. Hassan, “ Capacity
 The presence of opening in shear wall give of Open Rectangular Shear Walls”, International
approximately same result as that of the shear wall Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative
without opening. So provision of opening in shear Technology (IJESIT), 2(1), January 2013.
wall ultimately helps to achieve the economy. 9] Mazen A. Musmar , “Analysis of Shear Wall with
Openings Using Solid65 Element”, Jordan Journal
of Civil Engineering, 7(2)2, 2013.

10] Anshuman. S. Dipendu Bhunia and Bhavin
In the comparisons among door opening, center
Ramjiyani, “ Solution of Shear Wall Location in
window opening and eccentric window opening, it is
Multi-Storey Building”, International Journal Of
found that eccentric opening gives more
Civil And Structural Engineering 2(2), 2011.
displacement within the study of diaphragm
11] Mohammad Parsaei Maram and Dr. K Rama Mohana
displacement and storey drift.
Rao, “Effect of location of lateral force resisting

system on seismic behavior of RC building”,
When we provide 11.11% center window opening
International Journal of Engineering Trends and
and same that for eccentric window opening,
Technology (IJETT),4(10) - Oct 2013.
 For box and center type shear wall the diaphragm
displacement remain same.

 When we provide 22.22% door opening as against

11.11% center window opening, the diaphragm
displacement remain approximately same.

 When we provide 22.22% door opening as against

11.11% eccentric window opening, the diaphragm
displacement is more for eccentric window opening
even opening percentage is twice.

REFERENCES
1] C. Y. Lin and C. L. Kuo, “Behaviour of shear wall
with opening”, Proceedings of ninth world
conference on earthquake engineering , Tokyo-
Kyoto, Japan,4 august 2-9, 1988.
2] Meena Shrestha, „Effects Of Openings In Shear Wall
On Seismic Response Of Frame-Shear Wall
Structures‟ M.E. Thesis , Graduate School, Kasetsart
University, 2008
3] M.E. Torki Harcheganiua, B. Talaei Tabab and F.
Farahbod, “Effect of opening dimensions on the
relative flexural operation of coupled shear walls”
4] Ashish S.Agrawal and S.D.Charkha, “ Effect of
change in shear wall location on storey drift of
multistorey building subjected to lateral loads”, ISSN:
2248-9622 2(3), May-Jun 2012.
5] Shahzad Jamil Sardar and Umesh. N. Karadi, “Effect
of change in shear wall location on storey drift of
multistorey building subjected to lateral loads”,
IJISET, 2(9), September 2013.
6] Satpute S. G. and D. B. Kulkarni, “Comparative
study of reinforced concrete shear wall analysis in