NCERT Solutions for Class 9

Maths
Chapter 12 - Heron’s formula

Exercise 12.1

1. A traffic signal board, indicating ‘SCHOOL AHEAD’, is an equilateral

triangle with side 'a' . Find the area of the signal board, using Heron’s formula.
If its perimeter is 180 cm , what will be the area of the signal board?
Ans:

Length of the side of traffic signal board = a

Perimeter of traffic signal board which is an equilateral triangle = 3  a
We know that,
2s = Perimeter of the triangle,
So, 2s = 3a
3
s= a
2
Area of triangle can be evaluated by Heron’s formula:
A = s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
Where,
a , b and c are the sides of the triangle

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 1

 a+b+c
s=
2
3
Substituting s = a in Heron’s formula, we get:
2
Area of given triangle:

3 3  3  3 
A= a  a − a  a − a  a − a 
2 2  2  2 

3 2
A= a ......(1)
2
Perimeter of traffic signal board:
P = 180 cm
Hence, side of traffic signal board
 180 
a = 
 3 
a = 60 ......(2)
Substituting Equation (2) in Equation (1), we get:
3
Area of traffic signal board is A = ( 60cm )
2

2
 3600  2
A= 3  cm
 4 
 A = 900 3 cm 2

Hence, the area of the signal board is 900 3 cm 2 .

2. The triangular side walls of a flyover have been used for advertisements. The
sides of the walls are 122m,22m, and 120m . The advertisements yield on
earning of Rs. 5000per m 2 per year. A company hired one of its walls for 3
months. How much rent did it pay?

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Ans: The length of the sides of the triangle are (say a , b and c )
a = 122 m
b = 22 m
c = 120 m
Perimeter of triangle = sum of the length of all sides
Perimeter of triangle is:
P = 122 + 22 + 120
P = 264 m
We know that,
2s = Perimeter of the triangle,
2s = 264 m
s = 132 m
Area of triangle can be evaluated by Heron’s formula:
A = s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
Where,
a , b and c are the sides of the triangle
a+b+c
s=
2
So, in this question,
122 + 22 + 140
s=
2
s = 132 m
Substituting values of s a , b , c in Heron’s formula, we get:

Area of given triangle =  132 (132 − 122 )(132 − 22 )(132 − 120 )  m 2

 

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=  132 (10 )(110 )(12 )  m 2 = 1320m 2
 
It is given that:
Rent of 1m2 area per year is:
R = Rs. 5000/m2
So,
Rent of 1m2 area per month will be:
5000
R = Rs. / m2
12
Rent of 1320m 2 area for 3 months:
 5000 
R =  3  1320  / m 2
 12 
 R = Rs.1650000
Therefore, the total cost rent that company must pay is Rs. 1650000 .

3. The floor of a rectangular hall has a perimeter 250m . If the cost of painting
the four walls at the rate of Rs. 10per m 2 is Rs. 15000 . find the height of the
hall. [Hint: Area of the four walls = Lateral surface area.]
Ans: Let length, breadth, and height of the rectangular hall be l m , b m , and h m
respectively.
Area of four walls is also known as Lateral surface area of cuboid is given as:
L = 2lh + 2bh
 L = 2h ( l + b )
Perimeter of the floor of hall:
P = 2(l + b)
It is given that
P = 250m
So,
2 ( l + b ) = 250
Substituting 2 ( l + b ) = 250 in equation L = 2h ( l + b ) we get:
L = 250hm2
Cost of painting per m2 area:
C = Rs.10 / m 2

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Cost of painting 250h m 2 area:
C = ( 250h  10 )
 C = 2500h
However, it is given that the cost of painting the walls is Rs. 15000 .
Thus, equating 2500h with Rs. 15000 we get:
2500h = 15000
 h = 6m
Therefore, the height of the hall is 6m .

4. Find the area of a triangle two sides of which are 18cm and 10cm and the
perimeter is 42cm .
Ans: Let the length of third side of the triangle be x .
Perimeter of the given triangle:
P = 42cm
Let the side of the triangle are a , b and c .
a = 18cm
b = 10cm
c = xcm
Perimeter of the triangle = sum of all sides
18 + 10 + x = 42
 28 + x = 42
 x = 14
Area of triangle can be evaluated by Heron’s formula:
A = s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
Where,
a , b and c are the sides of the triangle
a+b+c
s=
2
18 + 10 + 14
s=
2
 s = 21cm
Substituting values of s a , b , c in Heron’s formula, we get:
Area of given triangle:
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A =  21( 21 − 18 )( 21 − 10 )( 21 − 14 ) 
 
 A =  21( 3)(11)( 7 ) 
 
 A = 21 11 cm 2
Hence, area of the given triangle is 21 11 cm 2 .

5. Sides of a triangle are in the ratio of 12 :17 : 25 and its perimeter is 540cm .
Find its area.
Ans: Let the common ratio between the sides of the given triangle be x .
Therefore, the side of the triangle will be 12x , 17x , and 25x .
It is given that,
Perimeter of this triangle = 540cm
Perimeter = sum of the length of all sides
12x + 17x + 25x = 540
 54x = 540
 x = 10
Sides of the triangle will be:
12 10 = 120cm
17 10 = 170cm
25 10 = 250cm
Area of triangle can be evaluated by Heron’s formula:
A = s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
Where,
a , b and c are the sides of the triangle
a+b+c
s=
2
120 + 170 + 250
s=
2
 s = 270cm
Area of given triangle:
A =  270 ( 270 − 120 )( 270 − 170 )( 270 − 250 ) 
 

 A =  270 (150 )(100 )( 20 ) 

 

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 A = 9000cm2
Therefore, the area of this triangle is 9000cm 2 .

6. An isosceles triangle has perimeter 30cm and each of the equal sides is
12cm . Find the area of the triangle.
Ans: Let the third side of this triangle be x .
Measure of equal sides is 12cm as the given triangle is an isosceles triangle.
It is given that,
Perimeter of triangle, P = 30cm
Perimeter of triangle = Sum of the sides
12 + 12 + x = 30
 x = 6cm
Area of triangle can be evaluated by Heron’s formula:
A = s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
Where,
a , b and c are the sides of the triangle
a+b+c
s=
2
12 + 12 + 6
s=
2
 s = 15cm
Substituting values of s a , b , c in Heron’s formula we get:
A =  15 (15 − 12 )(15 − 12 )(15 − 6 ) 
 
 A =  15 ( 3)( 3)( 9 ) 
 
 A = 9 15cm 2
Hence, the area of the given isosceles triangle is 9 15cm 2 .

Exercise 12.2

1. A park, in the shape of a quadrilateral ABCD , has C = 90 , AB = 9m ,

BC = 12m , CD = 5m and AD = 8m . How much area does it occupy?
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Ans: It is given that:
AB = 9m
BC = 12m
CD = 5m
AD = 8m
C = 90

Let us join BD .
For BCD
We know that, in right angle triangle Pythagoras theorem is:
a 2 + b2 = c2
Where,
a = perpendicular
b = other side
c = hypotenuse
In BCD , applying Pythagoras theorem,
BD2 = BC2 + CD2
 BD2 = 122 + 52
 BD2 = 169
 BD = 169
 BD = 13m
Area of a right-angle triangle:

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 1
A = bh
2
Where,
b = base
h = height
Area of BCD :
1
A =  BC  CD
2
1
 A =  5  12
2
 A = 30m2
For ABD
AB = 9m
AD = 8m
BD = 13m
Area of triangle can be evaluated by Heron’s formula:
A = s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
Where,
a , b and c are the sides of the triangle
a+b+c
s=
2
9 + 8 + 13
s=
2
 s = 15cm
Area of the ABD :
A = 15 (15 − 9 )(15 − 8 )(15 − 13)
 A = 15 ( 6 )( 7 )( 2 )
 A = 6 35
A = ( 6  5.916 ) m 2
A = 35.496m 2

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Area of the park = Area of ABD + Area of BCD
A total = 35.496 + 30 m 2
A total = 65.496 m 2
Hence, the area of the park is 65.496 m2 .

2. Find the area of a quadrilateral ABCD in which AB = 3cm , BC = 4cm ,

CD = 4cm , DA = 5cm and AC = 5cm .
Ans:

For ABC,
AB = 3cm
BC = 4cm
AC = 5cm
We know that, in right angle triangle Pythagoras theorem is:
a 2 + b2 = c2
Where,
a = perpendicular
b = other side
c = hypotenuse
Then,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
 ( 5 ) = ( 3) + ( 4 )
2 2 2

Therefore, ABC, is a right-angled triangle as it satisfies the Pythagoras theorem

which is right-angled at point B .
Area of a right-angle triangle:
1
A = bh
2
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Where,
b = base
h = height
Area of ABC
1
A =  AB  BC
2
1
 A =  3 4
2
 A = 6cm2
For ADC
AD = 5cm
DC = 4cm
AC = 5cm
Area of triangle can be evaluated by Heron’s formula:
A = s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )

Where,
a , b and c are the sides of the triangle
a+b+c
s=
2
5+4+5
s=
2
 s = 7cm
Area of ACD :
A = 7 ( 7 − 5 )( 7 − 4 )( 7 − 5 )
 A = 7 ( 2 )( 2 )( 3)
A = 2 21cm 2
 A = ( 2  4.583) cm 2
 A = 9.166cm 2

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Area of ABCD = Area of ABC + Area of ACD
 A total = ( 6 + 9.166 )
 A total = 15.166cm 2
Hence, the area of the given quadrilateral is 15.166cm2 .

3. Radha made a picture of an aero plane with colored papers as shown in the
given figure. Find the total area of the paper used.

Ans: For triangle I

This triangle is an isosceles triangle with side length 5cm , 5cm and 1cm
Area of triangle can be evaluated by Heron’s formula:
A = s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
Where,
a , b and c are the sides of the triangle
a+b+c
s=
2
5 + 5 +1
s=
2
s = 5.5cm

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Area of triangle I
A = 5.5 ( 5.5 − 5 )( 5.5 − 5 )( 5.5 − 1)
 A = 5.5 ( 0.5 )( 0.5 )( 4.5 )
 A = 0.75 11cm 2
 A = ( 0.75  3.317 ) cm 2
 A = 2.488cm 2
For quadrilateral II
This quadrilateral is a rectangle.
l = 6.5cm
b = 1cm
Area of rectangle, A = l  b
 A = ( 6.5  1) cm 2
 A = 6.5cm2
For quadrilateral III
This quadrilateral is a trapezium.
Lengths of parallel sies of the given trapezium are 1cm and 2cm .

From above figure, perpendicular height of parallelogram:

h = 12 − ( 0.5)
2

 h = 0.75
 h = 0.866cm
Area of trapezium

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 1
A =  h  ( sum of the parallel sides )
2
Substituting values of unknown variables, we get:
1
A =  0.866  ( 2 + 1)
2
 A = 0.433  3
 A = 1.299cm2
From given figure, it is obvious that
Area of triangle ( IV ) = Area of triangle in ( V )
1
A = bh
2
Where b = 1.5cm
h = 6cm
1 
 A =   1.5  6  cm 2
2 
 A = 4.5cm 2

Total area of the paper used

A total = Ar ( I ) + Ar ( II ) + Ar ( III ) + Ar ( IV ) + Ar ( V )
 A total = 2.488 + 6.5 + 1.299 + 4.5 + 4.5
 A total = 19.287cm 2
Hence, the total area of the used paper is 19.287cm2 .

4. A triangle and a parallelogram have the same base and the same area. If the
sides of triangle are 26cm , 28cm and 30cm , and the parallelogram stands on
the base 28cm , find the height of the parallelogram.
Ans: Length of the sides of the triangle are 26cm , 28cm and 30cm .
Area of triangle can be evaluated by Heron’s formula:
A = s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
Where,
a , b and c are the sides of the triangle

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 a+b+c
s=
2
26 + 28 + 30
s=
2
 s = 42cm
Area of given triangle
A = 42 ( 42 − 26 )( 42 − 28 )( 42 − 30 )
 A = 42 (16 )(14 )(12 )
 A = 336cm2
Let the height of the parallelogram be h .
It is given that,
Area of parallelogram = Area of triangle
Area of parallelogram: A = b  h
Where, b = 28cm
So,
h  28 cm = 336cm2
h = 12cm
Therefore, the height of the parallelogram is 12cm .

5. A rhombus shaped field has green grass for 18 cows to graze. If each side of
the rhombus is 30m and its longer diagonal is 48m , how much area of grass
field will each cow be getting?
Ans:

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Let ABCD be a rhombus-shaped field.
For BCD
Let the sides of BCD be a , b and c
a = 30cm
b = 30cm
c = 48cm
Area of triangle can be evaluated by Heron’s formula:

A = s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
Where,
a , b and c are the sides of the triangle
a+b+c
s=
2
30 + 30 + 48
s=
2
 s = 54cm
Therefore, area of BCD

A = 54 ( 54 − 48 )( 54 − 30 )( 54 − 30 )
 A = 54 ( 6 )( 24 )( 24 )
 A = 432 cm2
Area of field:
A total = 2  Ar ( BCD )
 A total = 2  432
 A total = 864 cm 2
Area for grazing for 1 cow:
864
A required =
18
 A required = 48 m 2
Hence, each cow will get 48 m2 area of grass field for grazing.

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6. An umbrella is made by stitching 10 triangular pieces of cloth of two
different colors, each piece measuring 20cm , 50cm and 50cm . How much cloth
of each color is required for the umbrella?

Ans: Let’s the sides of a triangular piece of cloth be a , b and c

a = 20cm
b = 50cm
c = 50cm
Area of triangle can be evaluated by Heron’s formula:
A = s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
Where,
a , b and c are the sides of the triangle
a+b+c
s=
2

20 + 50 + 50
s=
2
 s = 60cm
Area of each triangular piece
A = 60 ( 60 − 50 )( 60 − 50 )( 60 − 20 )
 A = 60 (10 )(10 )( 40 )
 A = 200 6 cm 2 .
Since there are 5 triangular pieces made of two different colored cloths in which 3
triangular pieces are of black color and remaining 2 are of white color.

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So,
Area of black colored cloth required
A black = 200 6  3
 A black = 600 6 cm 2
Area of white colored cloth required
A white = 200 6  2
 A white = 400 6 cm 2
Hence, the area of black colored cloth and white colored cloth required is
600 6 cm 2 and 400 6cm 2 respectively.

7. A kite in the shape of a square with a diagonal 32cm and an isosceles triangle
of base 8 cm and sides 6 cm each is to be made of three different shades as shown
in the given figure. How much paper of each shade has been used in it?

Ans: It is given that length of a diagonal of square is 32cm .

Let a side of the square be x cm .
We know that in square both diagonals are perpendicular bisectors of each other.
So,
Base of the Ist triangle will be of 32cm and its height will be 16cm .
Now,

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Area of the triangle is:
1
A= bh
2
1
 A =  32  16
2
 A = 256 cm2
From figure we can observe that area of Ist triangle is equal to area of IInd triangle
by symmetry.
Area of Ist shade = Area of IInd shade
Hence, area of IInd shade is:
A = 256 cm 2
For III rd triangle
Let the sides of the triangle be a , b and c .
a = 6cm
b = 6cm
c = 8cm
Area of triangle can be evaluated by Heron’s formula:
A = s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
Where,
a , b and c are the sides of the triangle
a+b+c
s=
2
6+6+8
s=
2
 s = 10cm
Area of III rd triangle
A = 10 (10 − 6 )(10 − 6 )(10 − 8 ) cm 2
 A = 10 ( 4 )( 4 )( 2 )

(
 A = 4 2 5 )
Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 19
A =8 5
 A = 17.92 cm2
Hence, the area of paper required for 1st shade, 2nd shade, and 3rd shade is 256 cm 2 ,
256 cm 2 and 17.92 cm2 respectively.

8. A floral design on a floor is made up of 16 tiles which are triangular, the

sides of the triangle being 9cm , 28cm and 35cm . Find the cost of polishing the
tiles at the rate of 50p per cm 2 .

Ans: It can be observed that each tile is triangular.

Let’s consider a triangular tile having sides a , b and c
a = 9cm
b = 28cm
c = 35cm
Area of triangle can be evaluated by Heron’s formula:
A = s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
Where,
a , b and c are the sides of the triangle
a+b+c
s=
2
9 + 28 + 35
s=
2
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 s = 36cm
Area of each tile
A = 36 ( 36 − 35 )( 36 − 28 )( 36 − 9 ) cm 2
 A = 36 (1)( 8 )( 27 )
 A = 36 6
 A = 88.2cm 2
It is given that there are 16 triangular tiles
Thus,
Area of 16 tiles
A total = (16  88.2 )
 A total = 1411.2 cm 2
Cost of polishing per cm 2 area
C = 50p
Cost of polishing 1411.2cm 2 area
C total = Rs.(1411.2  0.50 )
 C total = Rs.705.60
Therefore, it will cost Rs. 705.60 while polishing all the tiles.

9. A field is in the shape of a trapezium whose parallel sides are 25m and 10m
The non-parallel sides are 14m and 13m . Find the area of the field.
Ans:

Draw a line BE parallel to AD and draw a perpendicular BF on CD .

It can be observed that ABED is a parallelogram.

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In parallelogram ABED
BE = AD = 13m
ED=AB=10 m
EC = 25 − ED
 EC = 15m
For BEC
BE = 13m
EC = 15m
BC = 14m
Area of triangle can be evaluated by Heron’s formula:
A = s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
Where,
a , b and c are the sides of the triangle
a+b+c
s=
2
13 + 15 + 14
s=
2
 s = 21m
Area of triangle BEC
A = 21( 21 − 13)( 21 − 14 )( 21 − 15 )
A = 21( 8 )( 7 )( 6 )
A = 84m 2
Also,
1
Area of BEC =  CE×BF
2
1
 84 =  15  BF
2
84  2
 BF =
15
 BF = 11.2m
Now, ABED is a parallelogram

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 22

So, Area of ABED : A = BF×DE
 A = 112m2
Area of the field is:
A total = Ar ( BEC ) + Ar ( ABED )
 A total = 84 + 112
 A total = 196m 2
Hence, the area of the field is 196m 2 .

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 23