QUALITY-

Quality can be interpret as "Customer's expressed and implied requirements are met fully". It
is "the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears on its ability to
meet a stated or implied need" [ISO, 1994]. the totality of features and characteristics of a
product or service that bears on its ability to meet a stated or implied need.
“Quality” means those features of products which meet customer needs and thereby
provide customer satisfaction. In this sense, the meaning of quality is oriented to
income. The purpose of such higher quality is to provide greater customer satisfaction
and, one hopes, to increase income.
According to the Oxford Dictionary (2003), quality is
defined as being “the degree of excellence of a thing”.

IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY-

 Reliable products – From a business perspective, consumers favor products that are
reliable and lasting, and those products are produced by manufacturing facilities with
quality compliance processes in place.
 Safe products- perhaps the most critical element is that manufacturers have to be able
to ensure their products are safe to use.
 Compliance – There are many rules and regulations for manufacturers to adhere to,
and compliance is a key issue of quality in order to prevent delays in production and
avoid fines.
 Consistency – When the process is focused on quality, all products have to meet the
same standard of excellence. You can promise the same quality product from any
production line.
 Waste reduction – The business saves money when material resources are conserved
and used wisely in the production process.
 Minimizing risk – Reduce the potential for errors or defects when you standardize
the manufacturing process. A rigorous QC process identifies root causes quickly when
there is a problem.
 Continuous improvement – The path narrows as you become closer and closer to the
perfect products. Quality is about always improving the process to create a better
product.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITY-
 Reliability: means that it should give efficient and consistent performance
 Suitability: suitability for a specific application.
 Durability: means it should have desired life.
 Affordability: It should be economical.
 Maintainability: It should be easy to maintain.
 Aesthetic look: It should look attractive.
 Satisfaction to customers: It should satisfy the customer’s requirements.
QUALITY CONTROL-
Quality Control (QC) may be defined as a system that is used to maintain a desired level of
quality in a product or service. It systematically controls various factors that affect the quality
of the product. It depends on materials, tools, machines, type of labour, working conditions
etc. Quality control aims at prevention of defects at the source, relies on effective feedback system
and corrective action procedure.

BENEFITS OF QUALITY CONTROL :

 Improving the quality of products and services.

 Increasing the productivity of manufacturing processes, commercial business,
corporations.
 Reducing manufacturing and corporate costs.
 Determining and improving the marketability of products and services.
 Reducing consumer prices of products and services.
 Improving and/or assuring on time deliveries and availability.
FUNCTIONS OF QC
 QC is responsible for the day-to-day control of quality within the company.
 This department is responsible for analytical testing of incoming raw materials and
inspection of packaging components, including labelling.
 They conduct in-process testing when required, perform environmental monitoring,
and inspect operations for compliance.
TOOLS OF QUALITY CONTROL:
1. Pareto charts
2. Check sheets
3. Cause and effect diagram [Fishbone diagram]
4. Scatter diagrams
5. Histogram
6. Flow charts
7. Control charts
Check sheet: A form to collect and tally data for further analysis.

Fishbone diagram: Fishbone diagrams are used to drill down to find the root cause of a
problem. As the name implies, the diagram looks like the bones of a fish, where each main
bone represents a specific category of possible root cause, and the subsequent drilling down
is shown as smaller and smaller bones.

Histogram: This is a bar graph showing the frequency of a set of data, usually continuous
data. The histogram allows you to see the center of the data, the range of the data, and the
distribution of the data. It is a very useful snapshot. The downside is that you can’t see the
sequence or order of the data.

Pareto chart: This chart is based on the 80/20 principle that says 80% of your effect is
caused by 20% of your causes. For example, 80% of your sales comes from 20% of your
customers. Dr. Joseph Juran, who developed this chart, often referred to this principle as
the vital few and trivial many. He later revised that to the vital few and useful many. The
Pareto chart lists the causes in descending order of frequency or magnitude. It is used to
prioritize what you should look at first to improve your process.
Control chart: A control chart is a statistical tool that looks at your process data over time
for the purpose of distinguishing between special cause and common cause variation.

Scatter diagram: These are also known as scatter plots. They’re used to show a graphical
correlation between a set of paired data on an X and Y axis. It is the graphical representation
of what you would use for regression analysis.
Stratification: This is a graph that shows data that has been stratified when the data comes
from different sources. It is useful to view the data by certain strata such as shift, gender,
geographic location, machines, or suppliers.
QUALITY ASSURANCE-
According to WHO, “quality assurance is a wide-ranging concept covering all matters that
individually or collectively influence the quality of a product”. With regard to garment
industry, quality assurance can be divided into major areas: development, quality control,
production, distribution, and inspections.
FUNCTIONS OF QA
 The QA department is responsible for ensuring that the quality policies adopted by a
company are followed.
 It helps to identify and prepare the necessary SOPs relative to the control of quality.
 It must determine that the product meets all the applicable specifications and that it
was manufactured according to the internal standards of GMP.
 QA also holds responsible for quality monitoring or audit function.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN QA AND QC-

QUALITY LOOP-

QUALITY LOOP

RAW MATERIALS

PROCESSING METHODS

TESTING PROCEDURES

RECORDING

DOCUMENTATION

SOURCING PROCESSING FINISHING INSPECTION

DESIGN & INSPECTION
DEPT. DEPT. DEPT. DEPT.
CUTTING DEPT.
DEPT.