Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Bannari Amman Institute Of Technology

PREPARED BY: M.SELVARAJ (3rd EEE) S.VIJAYA MOHAN (3rd EEE) CONTACT ADDRESS:
BANNARIAMMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SATHYAMANGALAM-638 401.ERODE DT PHONE.NO:04295-221289

E.MAIL ID:
selvaraj6666@yahoo.co.in vijayamohan2005@gmail.com

PHONE NO:9842528392

ABSTRACT:

In the fast moving world even 48 hours per day is not enough for a

person .Statistics say by the year 2005, 7 out of every person will have a cell phone. In such a busy world a person finds no time even to charge his cell phone.

Imagine if a cell phone charges itself whenever it discharges. hard to belive! This paper answers the above question by using the technique of wireless power transmission through microwave. First the basic principle of microwave power transmission and reception are discussed. For generation of microwave a magnetron is used which has far more advantages than other types. At the receiving end, the reception of microwave power through rectenna (antenna & rectifier) is dealt in detail. In future this idea can be extended for laptops, palmtops and to power the intelligent missiles. Further we can supply power to remote and hilly areas, where it is difficult to supply electricity via ordinary trunk wires.

Though this paper limits the application in charging of handsets, it can be extended even further to power the intelligent missiles.

CONTENTS: Introduction Unique Properties Beamed Microwave Power Transmission System Microwave Power Generation Microwave Reception And Block Diagram Handset Description And Block Diagram RF Module Description Modified Block With Power Conversion Unit Conclusion And Further Scope Bibliography

MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER INTRODUCTION: Beamed microwave power transmission and its relation to mobile phone for charging it may be though of as extending our two dimensional power transmission networks on three dimensional power transmission systemin which power is beamed from the earth into space. Though the power that is to be transmitted for the intended applications is only few watts,we can even extend it to megawatt or gigawatt for the use in satellite systems.

The purpose of the paper is to provide a tutorial overview of beamed microwave power and it is used in space application.

The following discussions in sequential order will be: The unique properties of beamed microwave power transmission. Microwave generation and transmission. Reception and power transmission. Mobile handset block and reception. Energizing cellular handset using microwave power.

Although the general principles presented in this paper apply to all microwave and millimeter wave frequencies,the application example focus upon the use of the 2.4 to 21.5 GHz ISM (Industrial , Scientific , Medical) band.

UNIQUE PROPERTIES: As a means of transfering energy from one point to another, beamed microwave power transmission has these futures.

No mass, either in form of wires or ferrying vehicles, is required between the source energy and point of consumption. Energy can be transferred at the velocity of light. The direction of energy transfer can be rapidly changed. No energy is lost in its transfer through the vacuum of space, and little is lost in earths atmosphere at the longer microwave lengths. The mass of the power converters at the system terminals can be because of operation at microwave frequencies. Energy transfer between points is independent of a difference in gravitational potential at those points.

BEAMED MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM:

Fig. shows the basic parts of a beamed microwave power transmission system

DC to microwave conversion Free space transmission Reception and re- conversion to DC

A beam forming antenna

MICROWAVE POWER GENERATION

DC To Hand set Microwave Battery Conversion

Beam Forming Antenna

Reception Conversion To DC

Schematic diagram of the principal element of a beamed microwave power transmission system

Solid state microwave sources can be categorized as two terminal devices (diodes), three terminal devices (transistor oscillators). The first practical microwave source was magnetron tube. Magnetron are capable of very high power outputs on the range of several kilowatts. The magnetron has the efficiency of 80% or more.

In a beamed microwave power transmission system power must be converted to microwave power at the transmitting end of the system. Although many devices can perform this function the microwave oven magnetron with the addition of external passive circuitry to perform as a phase locked, high gain(30 db) amplifier for direct use in the radiating phased array. The low cost and readily available microwave oven magnetron could be used directly in a ground based transmitter. The microwave oven magnetron provides a ready source of the large amounts of power needed for some space applications. The place this in perspective, it is noted there are 40 million microwave ovens in the united states and hat each one operates with about 600W of microwave power. Their combined capacity is therefore 24GW of microwave they generated much spurious noise and or an entrenched source of interference that requires the entire ISM band of 2.4GHz for its containment.

MICROWAVE RECEPTION AND POWER CONVERSION:

The Rectenna as the Receiving portion of the system

DIPOLE TO BATTERY

FILTER

Schematic diagram showing the function of a rectifier

These functions are Power collecting Harmonic filtering Rectification into DC power

The rectenna is a unique device that was conceived and developed for beamed microwave power transmission. It is speed out over the receiving aperture area and, as its name suggests, combines the functions of an antenna and a rectifier. In its simple form the rectenna consist of a half wave dipole that feeds a low pass filter circuits terminated in a rectifying diode. The outputs of the diodes in a local region feeds into a common DC bus. These buses can then be joined in series or parallel to match a common load or any other kind of load.

The rectenna has many desirable characteristics

BASIC WORKING OF MICROWAVE CHARGER: The speech signal in mobile phones is sent along with as a carrier wave. When the mobile is ON it continuously receives the signal from the microwave tower which keeps track of the mobile phone. These waves consist of two parts i.e., Speech signal and microwave carrier which when fed into the filter seprates the two. Speech signal is send into speaker which goes through ordinary process and Microwave signal is sent in to filter which stores the microwave signal . (FILTER) MICROWAVE SIGNAL STORER

TO SPEECH PROCESSOR

TO DC CONVERTOR

Sensor which is connected to this filter senses voltage in the battery at each and every moment. When this battery voltage goes below a particular threshold voltage sensor allows the microwave signal into rectifier. This rectifier converts this microwave into DC which is used to recharge the battery.

RF MODULE DESCRIPTION: The RF modules basic objective are to module high frequency RF carriers with analog and I & Q digital signals coming from handsets base band section, and to demodulate the received analog and / or digitally RF signals. Four functional sections can be identified in a typical dual band RF module: the front end, the receiver, the frequency synthesizers, and the transmitter. Dual path for the RF signals down conversion to a common intermediate frequency in the cellular and pcs band receive sections, Antenna and Front-End sections. A common antenna serves both receive and transmit operations in both bands. Design compromises for dual band operation focus on antenna gain, radiation patterns, and a common matching networks. The received signal from the antenna is routed through the low pass filter section of the input diplexer for the band operation .the PCs band transmit and receive path are served through high pass filter section of the diplexer, the dipole radiation patterns and a common matching networks. The diplexer seprates the cellular band. This leads to different frequency selectivity requirements such as different insertion losses, size and cost.

CONCLUSION AND FURTHER SCOPE: The technology of microwave power transmission has got many advantages such as time saving, cost effective etc. Even it can be considered as a part of the Bluetooth technology. Though the power level in this paper is limited to few watts. We can even generate power up to several KW.

In future this idea can be extended for laptops, palmtops and to power the intelligent missiles. further we can supply power to remote and hilly areas , where it is difficult to supply electricity via ordinary trunk wires. In the days to come IC technology due to growth of VLSI, the microwave power generation unit will be replaced by a single chip.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Wireless communications Microwave devices and circuits www.webopedia.com www.ieee.org www.mit.edu Theodore Rappaport Samuel y. liao