Lesson 3

People of the Promise: Kingdom Divided

Kings of Judah: Abijah

and Asa
1 Kings 15:1-24; 2 Chronicles 13–16

Lesson Questions
First Day: Read Lesson 2 Notes.
The notes and lecture fortify the truth of the passage for understanding and application to daily life.

1. What specific warning or encouragement did God give you through the lecture? What difference
did that make in your week?

2. The notes explained the bitter consequences of rejecting God and going your own way. What
did you learn that strengthens your desire to trust and surrender to God?

Second Day: Read 1 Kings 15:1-8 and 2 Chronicles 13.

Abijah succeeded Rehoboam as Judah’s king, but he led without wholehearted devotion to God.

3. What facts about Abijah’s reign are offered in the summary written in 1 Kings 15:1-8?

© BSF 2022 (This material may be downloaded from mybsf.org and used by BSF class members in connection Lesson 3 | 47
with their personal BSF class studies. It may not be otherwise reproduced without BSF’s written permission.)
 4. a. In the midst of a crisis, what truths did Abijah declare about God and the kingdom of Israel’s
relationship with Him (2 Chronicles 13:4-12)?

b. What lessons can you learn from Abijah’s example and God’s response (2 Chronicles 13:13-20)?

5. What makes the difference between merely seeking God to escape a crisis and truly turning to
Him in a life-transforming way?

Third Day: Read 1 Kings 15:9-15 and 2 Chronicles 14.

Asa trusted God with his whole heart and led Judah to spiritual renewal.

6. What general assessment of Asa’s reign do these passages offer?

7. List the specific spiritual reforms that offer evidence of Asa’s wholehearted commitment to the
Lord.

8. In what ways have you experienced the purifying work of the Lord in your own life?

9. a. What do you learn from Asa’s prayer and his battle against the Cushites (2 Chronicles 14:9-15)?

b. How did God answer Asa’s prayer?

48 | Lesson 3
Fourth Day: Read 2 Chronicles 15.
Asa responded to the prophet Azariah and united Judah in commitment to God.

10. What message did the Spirit of God speak to Asa through the prophet Azariah?

11. a. How did Azariah’s message impact Asa?

b. How did Asa exercise courageous spiritual leadership that impacted the entire kingdom of
Judah?

12. a. When has God led you to take a courageous or public stand with Him? How did you respond?

b. What is God calling you to remove from your life to be fully devoted to Him?

Fifth Day: Read 1 Kings 15:16-24 and 2 Chronicles 16.

Asa failed to finish strong as his trust in God lapsed in his final years.

13. a. Describe the situation that led to Asa’s failure to trust God.

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 b. Tell how God intervened to offer Asa an opportunity to repent.

c. How did Asa react to Hanani’s words?

14. a. When have you struggled to trust God wholeheartedly?

b. What do you learn about God from 2 Chronicles 16?

15. What lessons can you learn from Asa’s successes and failures?

Sixth Day: Review 1 Kings 15:1-24 and 2 Chronicles 13–16.

God strengthens those who wholeheartedly depend on Him.

16. How did these passages influence your thinking about wholehearted devotion to God?

No homiletics for Group and Administrative Leaders

50 | Lesson 3
Lecture Notes

Next step: Read Lesson Notes.

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 Lesson Notes
1 Kings 15:1-24; 2 Chronicles 13–16

Focus Verse
“The LORD is with you when you are with him. If you seek him, he will be found by you, but if you
forsake him, he will forsake you.” – 2 Chronicles 15:2b

Outline
● King Abijah: A Life of Failure Despite Momentary Faith – 1 Kings 15:1-8; 2 Chronicles 13
● King Asa: A Life of Faith Despite Momentary Failure – 1 Kings 15:9-24; 2 Chronicles 14–16

Engage
The term “directionally correct” is often used in the analysis of projects or plans. This usually means
that in spite of a few zigs and zags, things are basically headed on the right path. So how do you
know if your life is “directionally correct”? No one can boast perfection amidst life circumstances
and human limitations. None of us could graph our walk with the Lord as a straight upward line.
Despite the moments we shine and the times we falter, the overall course of our spiritual
life is quite revealing. Recurring daily choices become lifelong patterns that greatly impact our
direction and priorities.

This week, we study two of Judah’s kings with dramatically different life trajectories. One king
turned his back on God except in a moment of crisis. The other king followed God with his whole
heart but failed to finish well. In both cases, God’s mercy and grace shine brighter than the failures
and successes of these men. What is the encouragement for us? Our commitment to God and
dependence on Him are certainly not perfect. However, the direction of our lives matters. God
strengthens those who wholeheartedly depend on Him. How is God calling you to seek Him
above all else?

King Abijah: A Life of Failure Despite

Momentary Faith – 1 Kings 15:1-8;
2 Chronicles 13
Abijah’s General Failure – 1 Kings 15:1-8
When Rehoboam died, his son Abijah assumed Judah’s throne. To avoid confusion, note that
some Bible versions record his name as “Abijam.” His name is also similar or identical to other people

52 | Lesson 3
we have or will encounter in our study.1 Abijah reigned only three years in Judah during the parallel
reign of Jeroboam in the kingdom of Israel.

Abijah’s story begins with this summary in 1 Kings 15:3: “He committed all the sins his father
had done before him; his heart was not fully devoted to the Lord his God, as the heart of David
his forefather had been.” Despite his failings, God graciously established Abijah and made
Jerusalem strong for David’s sake. Abijah spoke loud, pious professions when he needed God’s
help but faltered in steadfast commitment to God and His commands.

Additional details about his reign are recorded in 2 Chronicles 13. The books of 1 and 2 Kings and
1 and 2 Chronicles contain similar content, but also unique accounts of the two kingdoms of
Israel and Judah. We will often alternate between Kings and Chronicles in this study.

Abijah’s Moment of Faith – 2 Chronicles 13

His Overwhelming Challenge – 13:1-3

Conflict with the northern kingdom of Israel characterized Abijah’s reign. The division in God’s
people erupted into war. The ten tribes of Israel assembled 800,000 fighting men for battle,
outnumbering Judah’s 400,000 soldiers two to one. Abijah faced overwhelming odds in this
civil war between God’s own people. God often allows His people to encounter overwhelming
situations that develop their dependence on Him and His power.

His Confrontation of the Adversary – 13:4-12

In this moment of crisis, Abijah said the right things. He boldly launched a verbal assault against his
enemy. We are challenged to reconcile this blast of truth in a pressure-filled crisis from such a half-hearted
man. Abijah’s words seem to merge boasting and faith. He offered three charges against Jeroboam.

God called me, not you, to David’s throne – 13:4-7

Abijah reminded Jeroboam, and all of Israel, that God had promised Israel’s kingship to David
and his descendants. God ordained David’s lasting dynasty, which would eventually lead to Jesus,
His Son, the promised Messiah. Jeroboam did not bring the proper lineage to the throne. Jeroboam
had ascended to his throne through rebellion against Rehoboam, Solomon’s son. He had gathered
“worthless scoundrels” to join him in his mutiny.

We worship the true God; you worship idols – 13:8-11

Abijah confronted the foolishness in Israel’s worship of golden calves rather than the one, true
God. Jeroboam attempted to legitimize his reign by establishing cult worship and a temple God
had not authorized. His flagrant idolatry had caused Israel’s true priests – the Levites, descendants
of Aaron – to flee. The self-appointed priests who took their place did not meet God’s standards. By
contrast, Abijah offered examples of how the people of Judah worshiped. They followed the proper
ceremonies and prescribed worship practices that God had set up for His people.

1: Confusing names: 1 Kings 14:1-16; 15:27

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 Fighting God is foolish – 13:12
Abijah offered a warning, which Jeroboam dismissed. The opportunity to turn to God and avoid
disaster was missed. Abijah boldly declared, “God is with us; he is our leader.” To fight against Judah
was to fight God Himself. Abijah promised Jeroboam that he would not succeed. Jeroboam and
his nation had forsaken God. Why do human beings foolishly and frequently resist Almighty God?
Rebellion against God involves more than resisting His power. To turn from God is to spurn His
grace and love as well.

What do we make of Abijah’s courageous verbal assault against his enemy? His words sound pretty
good on the surface, but we already know the truth about his half-hearted devotion to God. In His
grace, God brought victory because God keeps His commitments – in this case His promises
to David.

Pious public declarations of devotion to God ring hollow without a heart fully surrendered to
Him. Only God knows the truth about what lies beneath human words and actions. Our call is to
fully surrender to God, aligning our hearts with our profession of allegiance to Him.

His Moment of Faith – 13:13-22

Jeroboam positioned troops to Judah’s rear, flanking them on both sides. In this desperate moment,
the people of Judah cried out to God. The priests blew trumpets, and the men of Judah sounded
the battle cry. Their cry for help reached heaven, and God’s power was released on their behalf.
Abijah’s troops inflicted heavy losses on Israel – 500,000 of Jeroboam’s 800,000 fighting men fell in
the battle. The Israelites fled as God gave Judah the victory.

Both Israel’s defeat and Judah’s conquest exhibit God’s gracious and persistent call to His
people. There was no doubt that God alone was the source of Judah’s triumph. The army faced
overwhelming odds and experienced a great victory. In this specific moment, Abijah and Judah
relied on God. As a result, they saw Him accomplish what human strength could not. God also
graciously offered Jeroboam and Israel a warning call to return to Him. Through the mouth of a half-
hearted king, God confronted their foolish rebellion and idolatry. The severe losses in battle should
have awakened them to the futility of rejecting God.

In mercy, God often takes His people into situations where trusting Him is their only option.
Calamity and desperation often soften our hearts toward God. While overwhelming situations
often lead us to Him, God is equally available and faithful on days when we are less aware of our
neediness. God orchestrates our lives to teach us to depend on Him. Refusing God’s gracious calls
to faith brings serious consequences.

King Asa: A Life of Faith Despite Momentary

Failure – 1 Kings 15:9-24; 2 Chronicles 14–16
1 Kings 15:9-24 offers a summary of Asa’s reign. He assumed Judah’s throne upon the death of his
father, Abijah. Asa reigned 41 years and brought spiritual reforms to the kingdom of Judah, despite
a spiritual lapse near the end of his life. 1 Kings 15:14b declares, “… Asa’s heart was fully committed
to the Lord all his life.” 2 Chronicles 14–16 records the details of his life and leadership in Judah.

54 | Lesson 3
 Believing God

The Doctrine of Faith

This week’s passage tells the story of two kings who demonstrated two very different pictures of
faith or the lack of it. What makes faith genuine? Biblical faith is far more than an optimism that
everything will work out well. At its simplest, faith means believing God and acting on what He
has declared as true. More than passive intellectual agreement with facts, true faith rises to action.2

Saving faith involves three essential elements. First, content or specific truth – faith embraces the
essentials of the gospel and God’s truth about salvation in Christ.3 Second, this leads to conviction
– a trust in and response to Christ’s personal love and offer of salvation from sin.4 Third, this
commitment moves to action – an active choice to repent from sin and follow Christ.5 Perhaps
the greatest challenge to faith is the death to self and surrender to Christ that true faith requires.
Faith reaches beyond the visible prizes of this world to walk with God in this life and to anticipate
eternal treasure.6

Many people profess faith but fall short of the full surrender sincere faith demands. Truth about
God can be kept at an intellectual level, without bearing weight on daily choices. Without genuine
faith, God becomes a lifeline in an emergency, a distant but unconfirmed hope, or a possibility
among other options. To acknowledge God but fail to surrender to Him reveals a lack of belief
in who He truly is, what He has done, and what He has promised. What does your level of
surrender reveal about the reality of your faith?

For those with genuine faith, God and His promises ring so true that nothing else this
world offers can compare. Life’s challenges can cause genuine faith to temporarily falter. No
believer offers wholehearted commitment at every moment. Faith, however, remains grounded
and secured by God’s faithfulness, not our own. Faith in God today means trusting Christ for
salvation – the only way to find true meaning in daily life. Deliberate application of God’s specific
and unchanging promises provides stability and joy on weekdays and weekends – through seasons
of ease and seasons of strain. Do you trust God with eternity? Do you also trust Him with your
biggest challenge today? Unswervingly believe what God has declared to be true. Surrender to
the Holy Spirit’s power to apply that truth to your life and eternity. Commit your choices to that
reality. Believe what God says and act on it! God is the truest truth that exists.

Asa’s Beginnings – 2 Chronicles 14:1-8

Asa brought needed rest and restoration to Judah. According to 2 Chronicles 14:2, “Asa did what
was good and right in the eyes of the Lord his God.” To please God and do what He declares as
right requires actively turning from evil to stand with God. In the first 10 years of Asa’s reign, he

2: Beyond intellectual belief: James 2:17-19

3: Faith’s content: Matthew 16:16; Acts 4:12; 16:31
4: Faith’s conviction: John 1:12; 3:16; 6:37; Acts 16:14
5: Faith’s commitment: Matthew 11:28-30; Luke 9:23; 14:25-27; Acts 3:19; 20:21; Romans 12:1-2
6: Seeking heavenly treasure: Hebrews 11

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 inaugurated aggressive spiritual reforms in Judah. He purified his nation by removing idols and the
degrading practices that surrounded them.

Judah experienced a period of unprecedented rest from war during the first decade of Asa’s
rule.7 In this time of peace, Asa strengthened Judah’s defenses. He fortified towns throughout the
land and equipped an army of 280,000 brave soldiers from the tribe of Benjamin in addition to
Judah’s own 300,000 men. With passionate zeal, Asa began well by leading his people to seek God
and obey God’s commands. Times of reprieve not only provide rest but also allow God’s people to
develop strength necessary for more difficult times.

Asa’s Battle – 2 Chronicles 14:9-15

The Problem – 14:9-10

A massive army and 300 chariots from Cush, an area in Northern Africa, gathered against
Judah. Inevitably, circumstances test the depth of our faith. Asa led his people to establish habits of
seeking God during a time of peace. When presented with a military threat, crying out to God was
a natural response. Asa went out to meet Zerah, the leader of the Cushite army, as Judah’s defenses
were positioned for battle.

The Prayer – 14:11

Asa responded with a powerful prayer, not panic. His prayer offers a beautiful example of calling
on God in a time of trouble. People seldom learn to pray like this in the heat of a moment, but rather
through regular experiences of depending on God and seeing Him work. Asa offered a short and
direct prayer from the battlefield.

“Lord, there is no one like you to help the powerless against the mighty.”
Asa began by recounting proven truth about God and His steadfast character. He focused on
God’s reputation for helping the powerless to stand against the mighty. God is known for reversing
overwhelming odds, and in this case, Asa’s army was vastly outnumbered. Circumstances and human
emotions often deny what is resolutely true – God is stronger than anything else. God’s merciful
heart longs to act on behalf of those who recognize their powerlessness and trust Him to demonstrate
His might.

God often works in ways that overcome human weakness and seemingly impossible odds. Joseph was
raised to a position of power from suffering and prison.8 David, a shepherd boy, prevailed over the
giant Goliath using only a slingshot.9 Jesus poured Himself into a band of ill-equipped disciples and
commissioned them to take the life-changing gospel to the world.10 God’s work is accomplished
through His power – never by human strength.

7: Rest from war: Exodus 33:14; Joshua 1:13

8: Joseph: Genesis 41
9: David and Goliath: 1 Samuel 17
10: Jesus and the disciples: Matthew 28:16-20

56 | Lesson 3
“Help us, Lord our God, for we rely on you …”
In a faith-filled cry for help, Asa confessed utter dependence on God for victory. This plea revealed
human desperation, but also his wholehearted belief that the vast army posed no threat to God. Judah
would fight this battle in God’s name and through His power. Asa sought God’s direct intervention
to provide the emotional, spiritual, and physical strength needed to fight the vast army before him.
Asa understood that he represented and fought on behalf of God. That was his source of strength. Life
offers daily opportunities to assess the frailty of our own strength so that we will turn to God. Crying
out to God for help is a regular part of walking with Him in this world.

“… do not let mere mortals prevail against you.”

Asa compared the threat of the army to the power of God. A proper view of God gives perspective
to everything we face. Honor for God drove Asa in his struggle. Believing what is true about God
involves far more than intellectual knowledge. Deliberate focus on the magnitude of God’s person
and power fosters hope in the midst of the challenges we face.

The Power – 14:12-15

In response to Asa’s prayer and in a dramatic display of God’s power, Judah experienced
resounding victory over the Cushite army. Judah received abundant plunder from the battle and
overtook many villages around Gerar. God showered grace on Judah, despite much that remained
unpleasing to Him within the kingdom.

Asa’s Boldness – 2 Chronicles 15

Encouraging Words – 15:1-7

The Spirit of God led the prophet Azariah to offer Asa and all of Judah a solemn charge: “The Lord
is with you when you are with him.” Azariah also warned Asa that God’s protection would be lost
if he abandoned God. Azariah then recounted God’s history in helping the Israelites overcome
oppression and distress. Through His prophet, God called Asa to not give up and to steadfastly
continue in the right direction. God promised that Asa’s work would be rewarded. Following God
involves more than starting well; diligent commitment is needed to follow God wholeheartedly.

Decisive Action – 15:8-19

Encouraged by God’s strong message, Asa relaunched the program to remove idolatry from Judah.
He repaired the altar and brought treasures back into the temple. He assembled the nation and
called the people to renew their commitment to the Lord. Asa’s wholehearted love for God led
the nation to a unified declaration of joyful commitment to God. In a daring and bold step, he
deposed Maakah, the queen mother, and her abhorrent idolatry.

The overall assessment of Asa’s reign remains positive, despite some failures near the end of his
life. Not all the high places and idolatry were removed from Judah. Until the 35th year of Asa’s reign,
Judah remained at peace, without war. Evidence of God’s grace on His people continued.

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 Asa’s Backsliding – 2 Chronicles 16

Conflict – 16:1
Asa’s courageous leadership and active loyalty to God waned in his later years. In the 36th year of
Asa’s reign, the northern kingdom of Israel, led by King Baasha, laid siege on Judah. A blockade
was put in place by building fortifications at Ramah, which was situated only about five miles (eight
kilometers) from Jerusalem. This military maneuver threatened Asa and Judah.

Compromise – 16:2-6
In the face of this encroaching danger, Asa turned to a pagan nation instead of to God for help.
Considering Asa’s former strength and courage as a leader, his forward movement without consulting
God is difficult to understand. Why did this faithful king make a pact with a pagan king? We often
underestimate the costly consequences of seemingly small compromises.

Employing methods of diplomacy common in the world, Asa offered Ben-Hadad of Aram
(Syria) payment to break his treaty with Israel and ally with Judah instead. Asa even compensated
Ben-Hadad by giving him temple treasures dedicated to the Lord. On the surface, this new alliance
succeeded: Ben-Hadad’s forces overcame the army of Baasha.

Confrontation – 16:7-9
Asa’s compromise did not escape God’s notice. The prophet, or seer, Hanani strongly rebuked Asa
on God’s behalf. He clearly stated that Asa had refused to rely on the Lord, even after his experience
with God’s deliverance over the Cushites. Within this rebuke, Hanani offered the Lord’s call to turn
back to Him: “For the eyes of the Lord range throughout the earth to strengthen those whose hearts
are fully committed to him.” In response to Asa’s foolish choice, Hanani announced that the
remainder of Asa’s reign would be plagued by constant war.

Calloused Heart – 16:10-14

Rather than being convicted by God’s corrective discipline, Asa became angry that his choices
had been challenged. Enraged, Asa imprisoned Hanani for offering a just criticism. He began to
oppress his own people. And tragically, a severe disease in his feet plagued his final years of life. Asa
failed to seek healing or help from the Lord. After a 41-year reign in Judah, Asa died. His people
honored him with a great bonfire and royal burial. Despite his weak finish, Asa accomplished great
things for God within Judah.

Certainly, this final failure makes us wonder about Asa’s wholehearted commitment to the Lord.
How grateful we are that God looks on flawed people with grace and mercy! The lives of both
Abijah and Asa illustrate the importance of daily choices to trust God and walk in faithfulness to
Him. Whether in a moment of dire need or walking through seemingly ordinary days, we stand in
constant need of God and His help. God strengthens those who wholeheartedly depend on Him.
God demonstrates His faithfulness to those who trust in Him.

58 | Lesson 3
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
Abijah and Asa were two kings with dramatically different stories. Abijah’s heart was not fully
devoted to God, and he left a legacy of war and compromise. He failed to follow the ways of King
David who, despite failure, sought God with an undivided heart. For Abijah, God was more of an
emergency plan than a lifelong pursuit. He spoke for God and cried out to Him in a moment of
crisis. In mercy, God preserved Abijah and Judah and delivered them from certain destruction in a
war against Jeroboam, king of Israel. Abijah experienced God’s deliverance in battle, yet he did not
walk faithfully before God through the many less stressful days that he sat on Judah’s throne. Only
God can rightly judge Abijah’s flicker of faith, but wholehearted commitment to God was not
the overall direction of his life.

Asa took his father’s throne and led Judah into needed spiritual reform. He did what was right in the
Lord’s eyes, following the example of his forefather, King David. He courageously removed idolatry
and the idolatrous queen mother, Maakah. Asa fortified Judah through the peaceful years of his
reign. When he faced military attack, he confidently and comfortably cried out to the Lord who had
been his Rock all the days of his life. Asa led Judah into a covenant-pledging commitment to seek
God. Unfortunately, after reigning 36 years, Asa sought help from the king of Aram rather than the
Lord. He failed to yield to God’s warning and discipline and died a painful death. Despite Asa’s
end-of-life lapse, Scripture records that “... Asa’s heart was fully committed to the Lord all his
life” (1 Kings 15:14b). God’s grace abounded to Asa; Judah benefited from his leadership.

Apply It
God listens when we cry out to Him. He perfectly discerns the deepest desires within our hearts.
Like Abijah, do you only seek God in moments of desperation? Crying out to God should not
be reserved for matters of life and death. We should not wait to pray until we are out of all other
options. You can speak to God naturally and regularly, coming in and out of prayer through the
course of your days. Thank Him for sunshine and laughter. Honestly tell Him the fears that rage
in your heart; He already knows and longs to help you. Cry out for Him to strengthen your faith
when you doubt. If calamity teaches you to run into God’s strong arms, count that as a blessing.
Keep running to God. Psalm 73:28 says, “But as for me, it is good to be near God. I have made
the Sovereign Lord my refuge; I will tell of all your deeds.” How is God teaching you to be so
comfortable in His presence that you run to Him throughout both hard days and ordinary ones?

What does it take to finish strong? Long-distance runners burst off the starting block but must
also successfully cross the finish line. Asa’s story and the lives of people we know remind us that
spiritual laziness reaps dire consequences, despite God’s grace. Walking steadfastly with God cannot
be accomplished in human strength. Through His power alone, God equips His children to
walk faithfully with Him, even over the course of a lifetime. Are you closer to the Lord than you
were last year? What sin has God conquered in your life? Refusing to tolerate complacency and
compromise is vital to ongoing spiritual growth. What community of believers calls you forward
in faith and obedience? We should not withhold anything from God’s purifying work through

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 the Holy Spirit. When you fall into sin, do you welcome the Holy Spirit’s conviction and consider
repentance a gift of God’s grace? Trust God to lead you steadily forward. Despite the zigs and zags of
life, is your spiritual life directionally correct?

There are spiritual battles at every stage of life. Children growing into adulthood struggle to trust and
obey God as they gain increasing independence. Life’s middle years demand focus on work, family,
and many practical matters. Our later years bring declining health, the loss of independence, and a
sense that the biggest battles have already been fought. Every age and life stage brings spiritual
struggles and the need to utterly depend on God. We should not assume children and teenagers
are not mature enough to trust God. We must not count the middle years as too congested to make
following God a priority. And, as we age, we must steadfastly trust that God still has work to do –
in us and through us. When it comes to faith, we are never on cruise control. God calls us to stay
engaged, actively trusting Him. How is God using your life stage as a call to faith in Him?

Ultimately, walking faithfully with God utterly depends on His unrelenting faithfulness. When we
stray, He warns us and calls us back to Himself. He continues to open our eyes to compounding truths
about His character and ways. Anything we do for Him is only because He has loved us, pursued us,
and provided what we lack. We should not seek God merely to avoid negative consequences or feel
good about ourselves. The purest motive for obeying God and serving Him faithfully is an ever-
deepening love for Him. The God who lavishes His love on undeserving sinners is worthy of your
unrelenting devotion. There is so much to love about God that eternity’s praises will never exhaust
the beauty of His love. How is God calling you to set your gaze on Him so that other things matter
less, and He matters more? A faithful walk with God demands constant dependence on Him.

60 | Lesson 3 All Scripture quotations in this publication are from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION ® NIV ®
Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.®. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.