ORTHOPAEDICS

1. Wrist Drop – Radial nerve

2. Claw hand – Ulnar nerve

3. Foot Drop – common peroneal nerve / Sciatic nerve

4. Kiloh Nevin Sign – Anterior Interosseous Nerve

5. Pointing Index Finger – Median Nerve

6. Deltoid palsy and Regmented Bridge palsy – Axillary nerve

7. McMurray test – Meniscal Injuries

8. Apley’s Compression Test – Meniscal injuries

9. Pivot shift test – ACL tear

10. Drawer’s test – ACL tear

11. Unicameral bone cyst – upper end of humerus

12. Aneurysmal Bone cyst – lower end of tibia / femur

13. Fibrous Dysplasia – Craniofacial

14. Adamantioma – Tibia

15. Osteoma – Skull /Facial bones

16. Osteoblastoma – Vertebrae

17. Osteoid osteoma – Femur > Tibia

18. Chondrosarcoma – Pelvis

19. Enchondroma – Short bones of hand

20. Multiple myeloma – Vertebrae ( Lumbar )

21. Ewing’s sarcoma – Femur

22. Osteochondroma – Distal femur

23. Causative organism for chronic osteomyelitis – Staphylococccus

aureus

24. Sequestrum – pathognomic of chronic osteomyelitis

25. Sequestrum – avascular piece of bone surrounded by granulation

tissue

26. Involucrum – New bone formation

27. Cloacae – present in involucrum

28. Classification of Chronic osteomyelitis – Cherny & mader

29. Rim sign – MRI in chronic osteomyelitis

30. Garre’s osteomyelitis – Non suppurative chronic osteomyelitis

31. Claw hand deformity – ulnar nerve palsy

32. Police tip derormity – Erb’s palsy

33. Benediction test – median nerve palsy

34. Ape thumb deformity / pointing index – median nerve palsy

35. Kanaval sign – Ulnar nerve bursitis

36. Tinel sign – Peripheral nerve injury recovery

37. Froment’s sign – Ulnar nerve palsy

38. 1st muscle involved in Volkmann’s ischemia – Flexor digitorum

profundus

39. Most common site of compartment syndrome – volar comparement

of forearm

40. Most common cause of compartment syndrome – inappropriate

tight bandage

41. Earliest sign of compartment syndrome – positive extending finger –

severe pain

42. Late sign of compartment syndrome – obliteration of radial splint

43. Tum buckle splint – volkmann’s splint

44. Max page operation /seddon ‘s carpectomy – used in Volkmann

ischemic contracture

45. Baumann’s ankle – supracondylar fracture

46. Hilgeneiner’s epiphyseal angle – congenital coxa vara

47. Cobb’s angle – scoliosis

48. Kite’s angle – CTEV

49. Meary’s angle – Pes cavus

50. Most common bone fracture during birth – clavicle

51. Most common site of clavicle fractured – junction of middle and

outer third ( Midline 2/3rd and lateral 1/3 rd )
52. Most common complication of fracture clavicle – Malunion

53. Most common associated fracture with fracture clavicle – rib

fracture
54. Most common vessel injured in fracture clavicle – subclavian vessels

55. Most common nerve injured in fracture clavicle – median cord of

brachial plexus

56. Mechanism of injury in the fracture clavicle – fall on outstretched

hand

57. Inestigation of choice in fracture clavicle – x ray lordotic view

58. Treatment of choice for fracture clavicle - figure of eight strapping
59. Sabre method – Rigid dressing over fracture area
60. Colle’s fracture – Dinner fork deformity
61. Smith fracture also called as reverse colle’s
62. Meralgia paresthetica – lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
63. Mortan’s neuralgia – compression neuropathy of digital nerve of
foot
64. Shoulder dislocation – circumflex humerus ( Axillary ) nerve
65. Lunate dislocation – Median nerve
66. Elbow dislocation – Ulnar nerve
67. Hip dislocation – sciatic nerve
68. Knee dislocation – common peroneal nerve
69. Ortolani’s test – Congenital Developmental dyplasia of hip
70. Pivot shift test – ACL injury
71. Sulcus sign – inferior dislocation of shoulder
72. Thomas test – Hip flexion deformity
73. Runner’s test – patellar tendinitis
74. Axillary nerve is involved in surgical neck of humerus
75. Radial nerve is involved in shaft of humerus

76. Anterior interroseous nerve / median nerve – fracture supracondylar

humerus

77. Monteggia fracture dislocation – there will be involvement of

posterior interroseous nerve
78. Volkmann’s ischemic contracture – involvement of anterior
interroseous nerve

79. LISFRANC amputation of Tarsometatarsal joint

80. CHOPART amputation of Intertarsal joint
81. ALP is high in paget’s disease
82. ADSON test – seen in thoracic outlet syndrome
83. ALLEN’S TEST – patency of radial and ulnar arteries
84. ALLIS’S TEST – CDH
85. APPREHENSION TEST – recurrent shoulder dislocation
86. BARLOW TEST – CDH
87. Bryant’s test / Callaway Test – associated with anterior shoulder
dislocation

88. COZEN’S test – tennis elbow

89. Finkelstein’s test – common peroneal nerve injury
90. Froment’s sign – seen in ulnar nerve injury
91. Most common fracture of elderly – Colle’s #
92. Most common fracture of young adult – Scaphoid #
93. Most common fracture of children – supracondylar #
94. Most common fracture of newborn – Clavicle #
95. Subclavian artery is clavicle #
96. Anterior interosseous artery in #BB forearm ( radius /ulna )
97. Brachial artery is involved in proximal humerus #
98. Brachial artery is involved in shaft of humerus #
99. Brachial artery is involved in supracondylar #of humerus
100. Brachial artery is involved in posterior dislocation of elbow
101. March # - stress #of 2nd metatarsal
102. Robert jones # - avulsion of base of 5th metatarsal
103. Night stick # - isolated fracture of ulna
104. Barton # - corpus & Rim of radial dislocated
105. Chauffer’s # - radial styloid fracture
106. Jefferson # - atlas fracture
107. Hangman # -Axis fracture
108. Clay shoveller’s # - fracture spinous process of C7
109. Osteoarthritis – PIP , DIP , 1st CMC involvement
110. Osteoarthritis – sparing of MCP joint
111. Rheumatoid arthritis – sparing of DIP
112. Psoriatic arthritis – PIP , DIP , MCP , Wrist involved
113. Allen’s classification – cervical spine injuries
114. McAffee’s classification – Thoracolumbar fracture
115. Neer’s classification – proximal humerus fracture
116. Frkymann’s – Cole’s and smith fractures
117. Tile’s classification – pelvis fractures
118. Garden classification – Fracture neck of femur
119. Essex – lopresti classification – calcaneal fractures
120. Gartland’s classification - supracondylar fracture of humerus
121. Sunderland seddon classification – peripheral nerve injuries
122. Lichtenstein classification – bone tumours
123. Most common bone tumour in adults – multiple myeloma
124. X ray of multiple myeloma – punched out lesion
125. Multiple myeloma microscopy shows – spokes of wheel
appearance
126. Multiple myeloma electrophoresis shows – M Band
127. Most common site of multiple myeloma – vertebrae > pelvis
128. Treatment of chemotherapy – Steriods Cyclophosphamide
Urethane Melphan
129. Tinel sign negative in neuropraxia

130. Tinel sign – positive in axonotemesis ( progressive ) &

Neurotmesis ( Non progressive )

131. Tip of index & middle finger – median nerve

132. Tip of little finger – ulnar nerve
133. 1st web space on dorsum of hand – radial nerve
134. Dorsum of 1st web spared on foot – deep peroneal nerve
135. ODONOGHUE’S TRIAD – Medial meniscus + Anterior
Cruciate ligaments + Medial collateral ligament
136. ANGTALGIC GAIT – occurs – painful condition of lowerlimb
137. Duck waddling gait – bilateral CDH
138. Scissoring gait – cerebral palsy
139. High stepping gait – foot drop
140. Circumduction gait – Hemiplegia
141. Charlie – chaplin gait – tibial torsion

142. Trendelberg gait – unstable hip due to CDH , Gluteus medius

weakness

143. First carpal bone to ossify – capitate

144. Last carpal bone to ossify – pisiform
145. Derotation osteotomy – CDH
146. Dwyer’s osteotomy – CTEV
147. French osteotomy – Cubitus varus deformity
148. McMurray osteotomy - # neck of femur
149. Pauwel’s osteotomy - # neck of femur
150. Pemperton’s osteotomy – CDH
151. Salter’s osteotomy – CDH
152. Sandwitch osteotomy – slipped epiphysis
153. Spinal osteotomy – ankylosing spondylosis
154. Wilson osteotomy – congenital coxa vara
155. Judet view – acetabular fracture
156. Oblique view of wrist – Fracture scaphoid
157. Mortice view – ankle injuries
158. Merchant view / Skyline view – fracture patella
159. Sunset view – Pattella femoral dysplasia
160. Vonrosen view – CDH
161. Shenton’s line – Hip X Ray
162. Prepatellar bursitis – housemaid’s knee
163. Infrapatellar bursitis – clergyman’s knee
164. Olecranon’s bursitis – student’s elbow
165. Ischial bursitis – weaver’s bottom
166. Bankart’s procedure – recurrent shoulder dislocation
167. Bristlow procedure – recurrent shoulder dislocation
168. Dilwyn ewan procedure – CTEV
169. Grice green operation – subtalar arthrodesis
170. Hanser’s operation – recurrent dislocation of patella
171. Keller’s operation – hallus valgus correction
172. Meyer’s operation – fracture neck of femur
173. Tension band wiring – seen in # patella and # olecranon
174. Turco’s procedure – CTEV
175. Hanging cast – fracture shaft of humerus
176. Cylinder cast – fracture patella
177. Minerva cast – fracture cervical spine
178. Broomstick petrie cast – perthe’s disease
179. Coole’s cast – fracture lower end of radius
180. Glass holding cast – fracture scaphoid
181. Ewing’s sarcoma – onion peel appearance
182. Adamantioma – honey comb appearance
183. Osteoclastoma / aneurysmal bone cyst – breech of cortex
184. Osteoclastoma – soap bubble appearance
185. Osteosarcoma – codman’s triangle
186. Osteosarcoma – sunray appearance
187. Chondroblastoma – chicken wire appearance
188. Fibrous dysplasia – cotton wool , ground glass appearance
189. Perthe’s disease Osteochondritis – femoral head
190. Panner’s disease – capitum
191. Keinbock’s disease – lunate
192. Osgood scahters disease – tibial tubercle
193. Severs disease – calcaneum
194. Kohlers disease – navicular
195. Friebergs disease – metatarsal head
196. Scheurmanns disease – vertebrae
197. Milwauckee brace for scoliosis
198. PTB cast for fracture tibia
199. Dennis brown splint for CTEV
200. Cock up splint – Radial nerve palsy
201. Knuckle bender splint – ulnar nerve
202. Linear striations seen in vertebral haemangioma
203. Orthopaedics – coined by Nicholas andry
204. Bennet’s fracture – intra articular base of 1st meta carpal
205. Pott’s fracture – bimalleolar fracture

206. Most important factor for fracture healing : degree of

immobilization

207. Most common bone fracture during birth : humerus

208. Only carpal bone to undergo fracture as well as AVN :
scaphoid
209. Fragment undergoing necrosis in fracture scaphoid : proximal
210. Mc site of fracture scaphoid : waist

211. Most common type of dislocation of shoulder : subcoracoid

type ( anterior ) / inferior

212. Rare type of dislocation of shoulder : posterior dislocation

213. Posterior dislocation of shoulder is associated with epilepsy
214. Reduction of dislocated shoulder : kocher’s manouevere

215. Recurrent dislocation shows – bankart’s lesion and hill sach’s

lesion
216. Most common type of hip dislocation : posterior dislocation

217. Attitude of limb in posterior dislocation : flexion , adduction ,

internal rotation

218. Posterior type of hip dislocation : dislocation , which can be felt

of per rectal examination

219. CTEV – manipulation should begin – immediately after birth

by mother

220. Treatment of chronic cases of CTEV - triple arthrodesis

221. Osteoclastoma is epiphyseal in location
222. Osteosarcoma is metaphyseal in location
223. Calcium level – raised in multiple myeloma

224. Bence jonce protein , russel bodies associated with multiple

myeloma

225. Most common involved bone of pagets disease : pelvis

226. Earliest site of involvement in osteomyelitis : metaphysis
227. Periosteal reaction seen in acute osteomyelitis appear after 10
days

228. Most common organism in acute osteomyelitis : staphylococcus

aureus

229. Brodies abscess : abscess cavity remains without further

enlargement

230. Most common site of skeletal TB :vertebrae

231. In spine , TB starts in vertebral body
232. Mc region involved in spinal TB : T9 –L1
233. Earliest symptom of spinal TB : pain
234. Earliest x ray sign in pott’s disease : narrowing of disc space

235. Craniotabes , wide open fontanelle , rachitic rosary –

associated with rickets
236. X ray appearance of rickets – widening and thickening of
epiphysis and cupping and fraying of metaphysis

237. Basic defect in osteogenesis imperfect : lies in collagen type 1

238. Blue sclera associated with osteogenesis imperfect
239. RA starts in synovium

240. Earliest lesion in rheumatoid synovitis : microvascular injury ,

increase in number of synovial lining cells

241. Boutonniers deformity : flexion contracture of PIP , extension

of DIP

242. HLA B27 is associated with ankylosing spondylitis

243. Bamboo spine – associated witth ankylosing spondylitis

244. DIP : heberdens node
245. PIP : Bouchard nodes
246. Knee joint action : flexion / extension / lateral rotation
247. Pulled elbow – radius head pulled out of annular ligament
248. Straddle # - bilateral ischio – pubic rami
249. Most common complication of acute osteomyelitis – chronic
osteomyelitis
250. Tom smith arthritis – septic arthritis of infancy ‘
251. Investigation of spinal TB – MRI
252. Golfer’s elbow – medial epicondylitis
253. Tennis’s elbow – lateral epicondylitis

254. Most common cause of rickets in children in India – nutritional

deficiency

255. Browns tumour – seen in hyperparathyroidism

256. Frozen shoulder is seen in diabetes
257. Frozen shoulder also called as periarthritis shoulder , adhesive
capsulitis
258. Lefort’s classification - # maxilla
259. Thurston Holland sign seen in salter harris type II#
260. MC site for spondylolisthesis is L5 over S1
261. Card test is used for paralysis of ulnar nerve
262. TB osteomyelitis – tibia involved
263. TB dactylitis site – spina ventosa
264. TB tenosynovitis – compound palmar ganglion
265. TB bursitis – trochanteric bursitis
266. Commonest route of TB to bones is hematogenous
267. Radio sensitive malignant tumour – osteosarcoma
268. Mc malignant bone tumour – secondaries
269. Pulsatile tumour – osteosarcoma
270. Potts puffy tumour – osteomyelitis of skull bone
271. Cluttons joint – painful effusion of joints in congenital syphilis
272. Bone within bone appearance – gauchers disease
273. Cod fish vertebrae – seen in charcot’s joint
274. Mc site for myositis ossificans in body is elbow
275. Axillary nerve injury – flattened shoulder
276. Upper trunk of brachial plexus – porter tip hand
277. Median nerve injury – ape thumb deformity
278. Labourer’s nerve – median nerve
279. Dislocation without # is seen in – cervical spine
280. Mc cause of non union # is – adequate immobilisation
281. Open # is treated by debridement
282. Recurrent dislocation commonly seen in shoulder
283. Recurrent shoulder least commonly seen in knee
284. Non union is a complication of scaphoid #
285. Procollagen – 1 & ALP – bone formation markers
286. Fat embolism commonest occurs due to # femur
287. Vitamin required for collagen formation – vitamin C
288. Most serious complication of # long bones - Fat embolism
289. Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy – affects calf muscles
290. Most common cause of sudek’s dystrophy in UL – Colle’s #
291. MC primary bone malignancy – multiple myeloma
292. 2nd MC primary bone malignancy – osteosaracoma
293. MC benign tumour of bone – osteochondroma
294. MC metaphyseal tumour – osteosarcoma
295. MC metabolic bone disease – osteoporosis
296. MC site of vertebral disc prolapse – L4 L5
297. MC site of cervical spondylosis C5 C6
298. In fluorosis of bone – calcium is excessively deposited
299. Earliest sign of dental fluorosis – mottling
300. Cotton’s # - Trimalleolar