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Urbanization and Metropolitanization Concepts DPA 312

Urbanization and Metropolitanization Concepts discusses key terms like urbanism, urbanization, and metropolitanization. It also examines theories of urbanization and factors leading to metropolitan arrangements. Alternative metropolitan structures are proposed, including a new city/metropolitan city model or models involving a metropolitan development council, authority, or government to plan development across contiguous local government units in a cooperative venture.

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74 views13 pages

Urbanization and Metropolitanization Concepts DPA 312

Urbanization and Metropolitanization Concepts discusses key terms like urbanism, urbanization, and metropolitanization. It also examines theories of urbanization and factors leading to metropolitan arrangements. Alternative metropolitan structures are proposed, including a new city/metropolitan city model or models involving a metropolitan development council, authority, or government to plan development across contiguous local government units in a cooperative venture.

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Hanna Abero
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Urbanization and

Metropolitanization Concepts

DPA 312
Definition of concepts
 City (definition from a sociological point of
view) – a relatively large, dense, and
permanent settlement of socially
heterogeneous individuals; characterized
by secondary rather than by primary
contacts; may be face to face but they
are impersonal, superficial, transitory and
segmental
 Characteristics of a city – size of
population, density of settlement,
heterogeneity of inhabitants and group
life
Social Changes and Problems
 Employment and income
 Housing – residence patterns and types of
housing
 Public services and utilities
 Social structure – class structure; community-
informal social controls vs. legal and police
controls
 The family – disintegration of the extended
family; older parents left alone; intergenerational
conflict; trend towards more individualism or
individual independence within the nuclear family
 Patterns of social interaction – work relationships;
non-working relationships
 Quality of life
Continuation of definition of concepts
 Urbanism – complex of traits which makes up the
characteristic mode of life in cities
 Urbanization – denotes the development and
extensions of these factors
 Demographic definition – merely constitutes the
increase of the urban population compared with
the rural one
 Urban growth – absolute increase in physical size
and total population of urban areas (Potter,
1992); it is the sum and result of 3 processes:
net urban migration (in-migration minus out-
migration) plus urban natural increase (births
minus deaths) plus geographical extension of the
urban area
Classical and Neo-Classical Theory
Dealing with Urbanization

 Demographic theories of urbanization and


migration – dominated by the “push and
pull” factors model, whereby the city is
generally seen as a pull and rural areas as
push factor
 Theories about the urban system – urban
hierarchy and of central places
 Cultural theories of the city – mainly
concerned with aspects such as “peasants
in cities” or the culture of poverty
Continuation of theories

 Spatial and social differentiation and


segregation in cities – social area
analysis and the factorial ecology
 Neo-dualist theories – theory of
dependent urbanization; “informal
sector”
Concepts on Metropolitan
Administration

 Metropolis – a large urban settlement


with at least 1M population (Angotti,
1993); its geographical area extends
across several local government
boundaries
 Metropolitan arrangement – where a
highly urbanized city and the LGUs
contiguous with it enter into a cooperative
venture in planning and implementing
urban development activities
Continuation
 Metropolitanization – process whereby a
city expands its influence to surrounding
cities and towns, forming an urban region
or conurbation
 Conurbation – a large geographical area,
extending several local government
boundaries, forming in socio-economic
terms a single continuous urban region
Factors Leading to the Formation of
Metropolitan Arrangements

 Common pressing local concern


 Push from regional/area development
strategies and spatial studies
 Deliberate national policy to improve
services in areas near center of
government and to showcase country’s
drive for modernization
 Local initiative of local officials
Policy Issues
 LGU acceptability
 Metro leadership – who should initiate to get
everyone to agree on a structure?; Determination
of agreeable mode of metro leadership
 Financial sustainability
 Identity and “loyalty” crises of component cities
and municipalities
 Resolution of conflicts – compromise and sacrifice
 Sustaining and enhancing the metropolitan
arrangement
Key Elements for an Effective and
Efficient Metropolitan Planning and
Development of the Region

 Common vision of preservation and


development of the region
 Unified economic and political base
to implement the vision
 Appropriate metropolitan structure
to provide institutional framework
for successful planning and
implementation
Alternative Metropolitan Structures
 New City or Metropolitan City
 Jurisdictional fragmentation with a second-tier
government models –
1. MDC – powers of the LGUs composing the
council are maintained; metro leadership rests on
the council composed of mayors representing the
cities and municipalities; chairmanship is
appointed from among the members
2. MDA – more institutional permanence, greater
corporate powers and functions, and fiscal
advantage; more of a technocratic organization
than a political authority
Continuation of models
 3. Metro Government – LGUs comprising
the metro are subjected to a higher
authority or government; leadership is
usually elected; there is a single tier
council; the mayors act as area managers
 Functional Fragmentation – LGUs within
the metro area have limited
responsibilities for service delivery;
autonomous local bodies with corporate
powers are given the authority to
undertake specific functions and services
on a metro-wide basis

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