General Chemistry II

Anions, Cations, and Ionic Reactions

Final Report
Student Name Marcus Lawrence
Student ID 266833
Lesson Anions, Cations, and Ionic Reactions
Institution Albany State University
Session Spring 2023
Course General Chemistry II
Instructor Seong Seo

Test Your Knowledge

Label each element with the charge of the ion that it tends to form.

1 +2 3 +1

2 -2 4 +3

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 Match each term with the best description. 

Elements with similar chemical properties are found in a(n) 

1 Group  on the periodic table.

An element that is malleable and ductile is likely to be a(n) 

2 Metal .

When an atom loses electrons, it forms a positively-charged particle called

a(n)  3 Cation .

4 Ion  is the term used for any charged particle.

Metals tend to form ions with a(n)  5 Positive  charge.

Anions are particles with a(n)  6 Negative  charge.

Label the components of the double displacement reaction. 

1 Solid and Salt 2 Ionic Compounds 3 Cations and Anions

Exploration

A cation is an element that _____ one or more electrons to form _____ ions. 

loses; positive

loses; negative

gains; positive

gains; negative

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Group 2 on the periodic table of elements includes alkaline earth metals
that readily form ions with a _____ charge.

+1

+2

+4

-1

-2

-4

A hallmark of many ionic compounds is their ability to dissolve in

water through a process called _____.

anion mixing

cation mixing

hydration

humidification

reactivation

Ionic compounds are chemical compounds in which the anion and cation are
held together by strong electrostatic attractions in a lattice structure.

True

False

A double displacement reaction occurs when _____.

two anions form an ionic bond

the reactants, a salt and a solid, share ions

the anions and cations of ionic compounds switch places

hydration replaces two cations

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 In an ionic reaction, spectator ions are not involved in the production of
_____.

a precipitate

a gas

water

All of the above

Confirmation tests are _____.

qualitative tests to identify anions and cations in unknowns

quantitative tests to identify anions and cations in unknowns

always performed with hydrochloric acid

Exercise 1

What was the identity of the anion in Unknown #103? Explain how you used
the observations recorded in Data Table 1 to reach this conclusion.

The identity of #103 is Sodium Carbonate. It showed the same reaction to the silver and
the Hydrochloric Acid. For example, the same color sheen.

What was the identity of the anion in Unknown #104? Explain how you used
the observations recorded in Data Table 1 to reach this conclusion.

The identity of #104 is Sodium Sulfide. It had a dark brownish color and then
transformed into being brown with black spots.

Write the chemical equation for the ionic reaction between Na2S and AgNO3
.

2Ag+2No3+2Na+S= Ag2S+2Na+No3

2Ag+S-2= Ag2S

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 Write the chemical equation for ionic reaction between NaBr and AgNO3.

Ag+NO3+Na+Br= AgBr+Na+NO3
Ag+Br = AgBr

Date Table 1: Anion Confirmation Tests

Chemical Anion Observations: Addition Observations: Addition

of AgNO3  of HCl

NaBr   Bromide shiny cloudy It turned white

Na2CO3    Carbonate silverish and cloudy shiny silver

NaCl     Chloride white a clear silverish

NaI     Iodide bright green yellowish blueish

Na2SO4  Sulfate did not change opaque whitw

  

Na2S     Sulfide Black brown

Unknown Carbonate silver spreading out shiny silver

#103    

Unknown Sulfide brown patches some black patches

#104    

Exercise 2

What was the identity of the cation in Unknown #105? Explain how you
used the observations recorded in Data Table 2 to reach this conclusion.

The identity of Unkown #105 was Sodium due to the yellowish orangish flame.

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 If you were asked to confirm the identity of an unknown chemical such as
lithium sulfide (Li2S), describe the tests that you would use to confirm the
identity. Use your results in both Exercise 1 and Exercise 2 to describe the
observations in both the cation and anion tests that would allow the
unknown to be confirmed as lithium sulfide.

One of the ways to determine whether an unknown compound is

lithium sulfide (Li2S) is by reacting the lithium sulfide (Li2S) with
Hydrochloric acid and silver nitrate and if the unknown compound is
lithium sulfide (Li2S) it will change its color to brown as shown in my
data table.

Data Table 2: Cation Flame Tests

Chemical Cation Observations: Flame Test

KI     Potassium light blue

CaCl2     Calcium red

LiOH     Lithium purple

NaCl     Sodium yelloswish slightly

orange

Cu(NO3)2     Copper Green flame copper

melted

Unknown #105     Sodium yellow/ orange

Unknown #106     Potassium light blue

Unknown #107     Calcium Red

Data Table 3: Complete Chemical Identification

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 Chemical Cation

Unknown #105 Sodium

Unknown #106 Potassium

Unknown #107 Calcium

Chemical Anion Test Observations

Unknown #105 Green to a bluish

light green

Unknown #106 dark green to a

lighter green

Unknown #107 spread out white

Chemical Anion

Unknown #105 Carbonate

Unknown #106 Iodide

Unknown #107 Sulfate

Chemical Complete Chemical Name and Formula

Unknown #105 Sodium Carbonate

Na2CO3

Unknown #106 Potassium Iodide Kl

Unknown #107 Calcium Sulfate

CaSO4

Competency Review

When an element _____ one or more electrons, it becomes a negatively

charged particle called a(n) _____.

gains; anion

gains; cation

loses; anion

loses; cation

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A bromide ion has a charge of _____. 

-2

-1

+1

+2

Group 1 of the periodic table of elements includes alkali metals that readily
form ions with a _____ charge.

-2

-1

+1

+2

A double displacement reaction can generate products, including a

precipitate, a gas, or a salt and water.

True

False

In an ionic compound, the _____ is listed first, followed by the _____.

cation; anion

anion; cation

salt; water

water; salt

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 In the compound NaCl, chlorine is the _____.

anion

cation

spectator ion

When NaI and AgNO3 are mixed, _____.

no reaction occurs

a reaction occurs, as indicated by a precipitate

How might a scientist identify the anion of an unknown substance?

Perform flame tests.

Perform a series of reactions with known substances and compare these to

reactions with the unknown.

Write formulas for chemical compounds and label the charges of the anions and
cations.

How might a scientist identify the cation of an unknown substance?

Perform flame tests.

Perform a series of reactions with known substances and compare these to

reactions with the unknown.

Write formulas for chemical compounds and label the charges of the anions and
cations.

An effective way to identify the anion and cation of an unknown ionic

compound is to perfom confirmation tests using both flame tests and
known reactions.

True

False

Extension Questions

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A solution containing an ionic compound is subjected to the anion and
cation confirmation tests performed in this experiment, providing the
following results:

Addition of silver nitrate: a bright yellow precipitate formed.

Flame test: a purple color was observed.

Identify the ionic compound and write the chemical reaction that occurs
when the ionic compound interacts with the silver nitrate. Identify the
spectator ions.

JM

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