Module 7

Design of Connections

OVERVIEW
Unlike reinforced concrete structures, steel structures need
connecting elements to link structural elements (e.g., beam-to-
column connection). This module discusses the various types of
connections used in steel structure. Specifically, it will focus on
Bolted Flange Plate (BFP) connection which is a combination of
welded and bolted connection.

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE LEARNERS

Read carefully the contents of this module. For you to have a better
understanding of the lesson, review/additional knowledge of some
related topics were given on "Additional Readings". Do the exercises
to assess your learnings.

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (ILOs)

At the end of this module, you will be able to:
Design a beam-to-column connection using bolted flange plate
(BFP) moment connection.

OUTLINE OF TOPICS
The topics that will be discussed in this module are as follows:
Common Connection Types in Framed Structures
Design Procedures for Common Beam-to-Column Connections

DURATION
1.5 hrs

Photo taken from: http://www.kdrdrafting.com/services/project-management/

 Design of Connections Page 1 of 16

Design of Connections

Structural steel connections are generally provided to connect structural

elements (i.e., beam-to-column connections) and for splice connection of long
span members. Connections on steel structure are classified as (1) riveted/bolted
connections; (2) welded connections; and (3) pinned connections.

The most common connection type in framed structures is beam-to-column

connections, since the connection between these two main load–carrying
structural components is of great significance to withstand and transfer loads as
desired.

Beam-to-column connections can be divided into three groups in general,

depending on the amount of bending moment transferred from beam to column.
These three groups are as follows:

1. Fully Restrained Moment Connection. Beam is

rigidly connected to the column. The connection
is deemed to provide sufficient restraint against
the rotation of the connected beam relative to the
column.
In this type of connection, beam flanges are
connected to the column through groove welds
while the web is connected with a shear tab
bolted and welded to the beam web and column
flange, respectively. Source: www. accessengineeringlibrary.com

2. Partially Restrained Moment Connection. This

connection is called semirigid or partially
restrained moment connections, it is achieved by
having top and seated angles and a bolted web
angle.

Source: www. accessengineeringlibrary.com

Design of Steel Structures Engr. Ailene C. de Vela

 Design of Connections Page 2 of 16

3. Shear Connections. This is also known as simple or pin

connections wherein beam and column flanges are not
connected at all. Beam web is attached to the column by
different shapes by a group of bolts. This is part of gravity
load-carrying frames.

Source: www. accessengineeringlibrary.com

I.1. Common Connection Types in Framed Structures

Framed structures which have high-seismicity demand, beam-to-column

connections are to be fully restrained. Bolted flange plate (BFP) connection is the
common type of connection used to avoid field welding since on-site welding of
groove welds is not preferable. Typical BFP connection consists of flange plates
shop-welded to the column, bolted to beam flanges and a single plate for web
connection.

The design procedure for BFP moment connection involves a two-phase

procedure: (1) design for bending; and (2) design for shear.

A. Design for bending

1. Tensile rupture of tension flange
2. Gross-section yielding in flange plate
3. Net section fracture in flange plate
4. Block shear in flange plate
5. Bearing/tearout at flange plate
6. Weld failure at flange plates
7. Block shear in beam flange
8. Bearing/tearout at beam flange
9. Shear failure in flange bolts
10. Limit states associated with concentrated forces
2. Design for Shear
1. Shear tab plate yielding in shear
2. Shear tab plate fracture in shear
3. Block shear of shear tab
4. Shear tab bearing/tearout
5. Weld failure at shear tab
6. Shear failure in web bolts
7. Beam web bearing

Design of Steel Structures Engr. Ailene C. de Vela

 Design of Connections Page 3 of 16

The nominal governing strength of the connection will be the smallest among all.

Step-by-step design procedure for BFP moment connections:

A. DESIGN FOR BENDING

1. Determine design load. Design load, 𝑭𝒓 , can be determined by converting the

required bending moment, 𝑴𝒓 , to a force couple using the free-body-
diagram below. Thus, the design load is

𝑴
𝑭𝒓 = 𝑫 𝒓 Eq. 6 - 1
𝑩 𝑫𝑩

Source: www. accessengineeringlibrary.com

2. Check tensile rupture of the tension flange. When Eq. 6 - 2 is satisfied, the the
limit state of tensile rupture does not apply and also check if it is adequate
to carry the required moment using Eq. 6 - 3.
𝑭𝒖 𝑨𝒇𝒏 ≥ 𝒀𝒕 𝑭𝒚 𝑨𝒇𝒈 Eq. 6 - 2

∅𝑴𝒏 ≥ 𝑴𝒓 Eq. 6 - 3
where,

𝑨𝒇𝒈 – gross tension flange area

𝑨𝒇𝒏 – net tension flange area
𝐹𝑦
𝒀𝒕 – 1.0 for steel with 𝐹 ≤ 0.8, 1.1 otherwise
𝑢

𝑴𝒏 = 𝑭𝒚 𝒁𝒙 , nominal flexural strength

∅ − 0.9, LRFD factor

3. Determine number of bolts, N. Identify the properties of bolt to be used and

determine the number of bolts needed considering bolt shear failure.

𝑭
𝑵 = 𝟎.𝟗(𝑭 𝒓 Eq. 6 - 4
𝒏𝒗 𝑨𝒃 )
where:

𝑨𝒃 – area of a bolt
𝑭𝒏𝒗 – nominal shear stress of the bolt

Design of Steel Structures Engr. Ailene C. de Vela

 Design of Connections Page 4 of 16

*The number of bolts has to be even whole number since two bolts per row
(one on each side of the beam web) should be used.

4. Determine the plate dimensions, width (𝒃𝑷𝑳) and thickness (𝒕𝑷𝑳), based on the
limit state of yielding in gross area. First, select the flange plate thickness,
which can be slightly larger than beam flange thickness. The plate width can
be determine using the formula:

Fr ≤ ∅(Fy(PL) tPL )bPL

𝐅𝐫
𝐛𝐏𝐋 = Eq. 6 - 5
∅(𝐅𝐲(𝐏𝐋) 𝐭 𝐏𝐋 )

*The flange plate width (𝒃𝑷𝑳) should be equal or less than the column
flange width (𝒃𝒄𝒇 ).

5. Check fracture of effective net area in the tension plate.

𝐅𝐫 ≤ ∅𝐅𝐮𝐀 𝐞 Eq. 6 - 6

where:

𝑨𝒆 – plate net area

*If Eq. 6 - 6 was not satisfied, the design should be altered.

6. Check block shear for flange plate and beam flange. There are two possible
block shear failure modes that might occur which are the following:
A. block shear failure on the top flange plate

Source: www. accessengineeringlibrary.com

B. block shear failure on the beam flange

Design of Steel Structures Engr. Ailene C. de Vela

 Design of Connections Page 5 of 16

Source: www. accessengineeringlibrary.com

7. Check flange plates and beam flange against bearing/tearout. Notice that the
clear edge distance for the top flange plate is on the right while on the beam
flange it is on the left side.

Clear hole-to-hole distances: (a) top flange plate; (b) beam flange

Source: www. accessengineeringlibrary.com

8. Check weld fracture for the top flange plate. There are two options for the
welded connection between the column flange and the top and bottom
flange plates. These connections can be made either with two-sided fillet
welds or CJP groove welds.

𝑭𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝑹𝒏 Eq. 6 - 7

• for CJP groove welded

𝑹𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝑭𝑬𝑿𝑿 𝒕𝑷𝑳𝒃𝑷𝑳 Eq. 6 - 8

•
• for fillet-welded option

𝑹𝒏 = 𝟐[𝟎. 𝟔𝑭𝑬𝑿𝑿 (𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟕𝒕𝒘𝒆𝒍𝒅)𝒃𝑷𝑳] Eq. 6 – 9

CJP Groove Weld Fillet Weld

Design of Steel Structures Engr. Ailene C. de Vela

 Design of Connections Page 6 of 16

B. DESIGN OF WEB PLATE BASED ON SHEAR FORCE–ASSOCIATED LIMIT STATES

1. Determine number and diameter of bolts. When the required shear force and
the properties of the bolts were given, you can solve for the number of bolts
using:
𝑽𝒓 ≤ ∅𝑭𝒏𝒗 (𝑵𝑨𝒃 )

Source: www. accessengineeringlibrary.com

𝑽𝒓
𝑵 = ∅(𝑭 Eq. 6-10
𝒏𝒗 𝑨𝒃 )

where:

𝑽𝒓 – required shear force

2. Yielding of gross web-plate area in shear.

𝑽𝒓 = ∅(𝟎. 𝟔𝑭𝒚,𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆)(𝑳𝒔 𝒕𝑷𝑳) Eq. 6-11

𝑻 = 𝑫𝑩 − 𝟐𝒌

where:
𝑫𝑩 k – fillet size
𝐿𝑠 – web-plate length

*𝑳𝒔 should be smaller than the T distance.

Source: www. accessengineeringlibrary.com

3. Fracture of net area in shear.

𝑽𝒓 ≤ ∅𝟎. 𝟔𝑭𝒖 𝑨𝒆 Eq. 6-12

4. Check block shear. Block shear failure could only take place in the web
plate since the other side is welded to the column.

Design of Steel Structures Engr. Ailene C. de Vela

 Design of Connections Page 7 of 16

Source: www. accessengineeringlibrary.com

5. Check bearing/tearout. Limit state of bearing/tearout at shear tab and beam

web should be checked.
6. Fillet weld rupture in web plate.

𝑽𝒓 ≤ 𝟐[∅𝟎. 𝟔𝑭𝑬𝑿𝑿 (𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟕𝒕𝒘𝒆𝒍𝒅 )𝑳𝒔] Eq. 6-13

Sample Problem 7.1:

Design of a fully restrained BFP moment connection to support the factored
bending moment of 1,000 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 and factored shear force of 160 kN due to wind
and gravity loads. Use 75mm spacing between the bolts, and 37.5mm edge
spacing. The steel grade is A992 for the W610 × 241 beam and W310 × 97
column and A36 for the steel plate. Use 𝐹𝐸𝑋𝑋 = 480 𝑀𝑃𝑎 electrodes and 22mm
A490 bolts (threads excluded) for the flange plate (𝐹𝑛𝑣 = 580 MPa), 20mm A325
bolts (threads included) for the shear tab (𝐹𝑛𝑣 = 370 𝑀𝑃𝑎).

Solution:

Geometric and material properties of the beam, column, and plates are
summarized below.

Section and geometric properties:

Beam: W610 x 241 (𝑍𝑥 = 7.65 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚3 , 𝑏𝑏𝑓 = 330𝑚𝑚, 𝐷𝑏 = 635𝑚𝑚

𝑡𝑏𝑓 = 31𝑚𝑚 𝑡𝑏𝑤 = 17.9𝑚𝑚 𝑘 = 4𝑚𝑚)

Column: W310 x 500 (𝑏𝑐𝑓 = 305𝑚𝑚)

Design of Steel Structures Engr. Ailene C. de Vela

 Design of Connections Page 8 of 16

Material Properties:

Beam: W610 x 241 (𝐴𝑆𝑇𝑀 𝐴992, 𝐹𝑦 = 345 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑢 = 448 𝑀𝑃𝑎)

Column: W310 x 500 (𝐴𝑆𝑇𝑀 𝐴992, 𝐹𝑦 = 345 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑢 = 448 𝑀𝑃𝑎)

Plates: 𝐴𝑆𝑇𝑀 𝐴36, 𝐹𝑦 = 248 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑢 = 400 𝑀𝑃𝑎

DESIGN OF FLANGE PLATES

1. Determine the design load

𝑴𝒓 1,000 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
𝑭𝒓 = = = 1,574.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑫𝑩 0.635 𝑚

2. Check tensile rupture of the tension flange

𝑨𝒇𝒈 = 𝑏𝑏𝑓 𝑡𝑏𝑓 = 330(31) = 10,230 𝑚𝑚2

𝑨𝒇𝒏 = 𝐴𝑓𝑔 − ∑ 𝐴ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 = 10,230 − 2[31 𝑥(22 + 2)] = 8,742 𝑚𝑚2

𝒀𝒕 = 1.0 (since 𝐹𝑦 /𝐹𝑢 345/448=0.77)

𝑭𝒖 𝑨𝒇𝒏 = 448(8,742) = 3,916.42 𝑘𝑁

𝒀𝒕 𝑭𝒚 𝑨𝒇𝒈 = 1(345)(10,230) = 3,529.35 𝑘𝑁

Since 𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑓𝑛 ≥ 𝑌𝑡 𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑓𝑔 , the the limit state of tensile rupture does not
apply.

∅𝑴𝒏 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 𝑍𝑥 = 0.9(345)(7.65 𝑥 106 ) = 2,375.33 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚

∅𝑴𝒏 > 𝑴𝒓 (adequate)

3. Determine the number of flange bolts

Fr 1,574.8 𝑥 103
𝑵= = = 7.94
0.9(Fnv Ab ) 0.9(580) (𝜋 𝑥222 )
4
Use N=8.

4. Determine the plate dimensions, width (𝒃𝑷𝑳) and thickness (𝒕𝑷𝑳), based
on the limit state of yielding in gross area. Assume 𝒕𝑷𝑳 = 32𝑚𝑚.
𝑭𝒓 1,574.8 𝑥 103
𝒃𝑷𝑳 = = = 220.49𝑚𝑚
𝟎. 𝟗(𝑭𝒚(𝑷𝑳)𝒕𝑷𝑳) 0.9(248)(32)

Design of Steel Structures Engr. Ailene C. de Vela

 Design of Connections Page 9 of 16

Use 𝑏𝑃𝐿 = 250 𝑚𝑚 (Ok. It does not exceed 𝑏𝑐𝑓 = 340𝑚𝑚).

5. Check fracture of effective net area in the tension plate.

𝑭𝒓 ≤ ∅𝑭𝒖 𝑨𝒆
𝑨𝒏 = 𝐴𝑔 − 2𝑡𝑃𝐿 (𝑑𝑏 + 2) = (250𝑥32) − 2(32)(22 + 2) = 6,464

𝑨𝒆 = 𝑈𝐴𝑛 = 1(6,464) = 6,464

∅𝑭𝒖 𝑨𝒆 = 0.75(400)(6,464) = 1,939.2 𝑘𝑁

Since 𝐹𝑟 < 1,202.3 𝑘𝑁, it is adequate.

6. Check block shear for flange plate and beam flange.

• Flange Plate
𝐋v,bf = 37.5 + 3(75) = 262.5 mm (length for gross shear)
𝐀 𝐠𝐯 = 2𝐋v,PL 𝐭 PL
= 2(262.5)(32) = 16,800 mm2
𝐀 𝐧𝐯 = Agv − (N − 1)[𝐭 PL (𝐝b + 2)]
= 16,800 − (8 − 1)(32)(22 + 2) = 11,424
𝐀 𝐧𝐭 = 𝐭 PL [2𝐋t,PL − (𝐝b + 2)]
= 32[2(37.5) − (22 + 2)] = 1,632
𝑹𝑛 = {0.6𝑭𝑢 𝑨𝑛𝑣 ; 0.6𝑭𝑦 𝑨𝑔𝑣 }𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑭𝑦 𝑨𝑛𝑡

0.6𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑛𝑣 = 0.6(400)(11,424) = 2,741.76 𝑘𝑁

0.6𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑔𝑣 = 0.6(248)(16,800) = 2,499.84 𝑘𝑁 (this governs)

𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑛𝑡 = 248(1,632) = 404.74 𝑘𝑁

𝑅𝑛 = 2,499.84 + 404.74 = 𝟐, 𝟗𝟎𝟒. 𝟓𝟖 𝒌𝑵

• Beam flange

𝐀 𝐠𝐯 = 2𝐋v,bf𝐭 bf

= 2(262.5)(31) = 16,275 mm2

𝐀 𝐧𝐯 = Agv − (N − 1)[𝐭 bf(𝐝b + 2)]

= 16,275 − (8 − 1)(31)(22 + 2) = 11,067

𝐀 𝐧𝐭 = 𝐭 bf[2𝐋t,bf − (𝐝b + 2)]

= 31[2(37.5) − (22 + 2)] = 1,581

0.6𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑛𝑣 = 0.6(448)(11,067) = 2,974.81 𝑘𝑁 (this governs)

Design of Steel Structures Engr. Ailene C. de Vela

 Design of Connections Page 10 of 16

0.6𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑔𝑣 = 0.6(345)(16,275 ) = 3,368.93 𝑘𝑁

𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑛𝑡 = 345(1,581) = 545.45 𝑘𝑁

𝑅𝑛 = 2,974.81 + 545.45 = 3,520.26 𝑘𝑁

Block shear on flange plate governs, 𝑅 = 2,904.58 𝑘𝑁.

𝐹𝑟 < ∅𝑅𝑛
1,574.8 < 0.75(2,904.58)
1,574.8 < 2,178.44 (OK)

7. Check flange plates and beam flange against bearing/tearout.

• Top flange plate

𝑹𝑛 = {1.2𝑳𝑐 𝒕𝑃𝐿 𝑭𝑢 ; 2.4𝒅𝑏 𝒕𝑃𝐿 𝑭𝑢 }𝑚𝑖𝑛

Nominal bearing/tearout strength per interior bolts:

𝐿𝑐(𝑖) = 𝑠 − 𝑑ℎ = 75 − 24 = 51
1.2𝑳𝑐 𝒕𝑃𝐿 𝑭𝑢 = 1.2(51)(32)(400) = 783.36 𝑘𝑁

2.4𝒅𝑏 𝒕𝑃𝐿 𝑭𝑢 = 2.4(22)(32)(400) = 675.84 𝑘𝑁 (this governs)

Nominal bearing/tearout strength per exterior bolts:

𝑑ℎ 24
𝐿𝑐 ( 𝑒 ) = 𝑒 − = 37.5 − = 25.5
2 2
1.2𝑳𝑐 𝒕𝑃𝐿 𝑭𝑢 = 1.2(25.5)(32)(400) = 391.68 𝑘𝑁 (this governs)

2.4𝒅𝑏 𝒕𝑃𝐿 𝑭𝑢 = 2.4(22)(32)(400) = 675.84 𝑘𝑁

The design strength is

∅𝑹𝑛 = 0.75[6(675.84) + 2(391.68 )]
= 3,628.8 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑭𝑟 (adequate)

• Beam flange

𝑹𝑛 = {1.2𝑳𝑐 𝒕𝑏𝑓 𝑭𝑢 ; 2.4𝒅𝑏 𝒕𝑏𝑓 𝑭𝑢 }𝑚𝑖𝑛

Nominal bearing/tearout strength per interior bolts:

𝐿𝑐(𝑖) = 𝑠 − 𝑑ℎ = 75 − 24 = 51
1.2𝑳𝑐 𝒕𝑏𝑓 𝑭𝑢 = 1.2(51)(31)(448) = 849.95 𝑘𝑁

2.4𝒅𝑏 𝒕𝑏𝑓 𝑭𝑢 = 2.4(22)(31)(448) = 733.29 𝑘𝑁 (this governs)

Design of Steel Structures Engr. Ailene C. de Vela

 Design of Connections Page 11 of 16

Nominal bearing/tearout strength per exterior bolts:

𝑑ℎ 24
𝐿𝑐 ( 𝑒 ) = 𝑒 − = 37.5 − = 25.5
2 2
1.2𝑳𝑐 𝒕𝑏𝑓 𝑭𝑢 = 1.2(25.5)(31)(448) = 424.97 𝑘𝑁 (this governs)
2.4𝒅𝑏 𝒕𝑏𝑓 𝑭𝑢 = 2.4(22)(31)(448) = 733.29 𝑘𝑁

The design strength is

∅𝑹𝑛 = 0.75[6(733.29) + 2(424.97)]
= 3,937.26 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑭𝑟 (adequate)

8. Check CJP groove weld at top flange plate.

∅𝑹𝒏 = ∅𝟎. 𝟔𝑭𝑬𝑿𝑿 𝒕𝑷𝑳𝒃𝑷𝑳

= 0.75[0.6(480)(32)(250)]

∅𝑅𝑛 = 1,728 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑭𝑟 (adequate)

B. DESIGN OF BEAM WEB-TO-COLUMN CONNECTION

1. Determine number of bolts.

𝑽𝒓 160𝑥103
𝑵= = = 1.84
∅(𝑭𝒏𝒗𝑨𝒃 ) 0.75(370) (𝜋 𝑥202 )
4
Use N=2.

2. Shear yielding in web plate.

Plate dimensions are determined based on bolt spacing. Selected plate
length should also be compared with T value of beam to ensure that
beam is sufficiently deep for the selected plate.

𝑳 = 2e + s = 2(37.5) + 75 = 150mm

𝐓 = DB − 2k = 635 − 2(4) = 627mm > L (OK)

To determine the thickness of the web plate,
𝐕𝐫
𝐭 𝐏𝐋 =
∅(𝟎. 𝟔𝐅𝐲,𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞)(𝐋𝐬)
160x103
=
0.9(0.6)(248)(150)
tPL = 7.96 mm
Use tPL = 10mm.

Design of Steel Structures Engr. Ailene C. de Vela

 Design of Connections Page 12 of 16

3. Fracture of net area in shear

𝐕𝐫 ≤ ∅𝟎. 𝟔𝐅𝐮𝐀 𝐞
𝑨𝒏 = 𝐴𝑔 − 2𝑡𝑃𝐿 (𝑑𝑏 + 2)

= 150(10) − 2(10)(20 + 2)
𝐴𝑛 = 1,060 𝑚𝑚2
𝐀 𝐞 = 𝐔𝐀 𝐧
= (1)(1,060) 𝑚𝑚2
∅𝟎. 𝟔𝐅𝐮𝐀 𝐞 = 0.75(0.6)(400)(1,060)
= 190.8 kN > 160 (𝑂𝐾)

4. Check block shear.

𝐀 𝐠𝐯 = Lv,PL tPL
= (150 − 37.5)(10)
= 1,125
𝐀 𝐧𝐯 = Agv − (N − 0.5)[tPL (db + 2)]

= 1,125 − (2 − 0.5)[10(20 + 2)]

= 795
1
𝐀 𝐧𝐭 = tPL [e − 2 (db + 2)]
1
= 10[37.5 − (20 + 2)]
2

= 265
𝑹𝑛 = {0.6𝑭𝑢 𝑨𝑛𝑣 ; 0.6𝑭𝑦 𝑨𝑔𝑣 }𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑭𝑦 𝑨𝑛𝑡

0.6𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑛𝑣 = 0.6(400)(795) = 190.8 𝑘𝑁

0.6𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑔𝑣 = 0.6(248)(1,125 ) = 𝟏𝟔𝟕. 𝟒 𝒌𝑵 (this governs)

𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑛𝑡 = 248(265) = 𝟔𝟓. 𝟕𝟐 kN

𝑹𝑛 = 167.4 + 65.72 = 233.12 kN

∅𝑅𝑛 = 0.75(233.12) = 174.84 𝑘𝑁 > 160 𝑘𝑁 (𝑂𝐾)

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 Design of Connections Page 13 of 16

5. Check bearing/tearout
Web thickness and ultimate strength of the beam are greater than the
web-plate thickness and strength. Thus, you need to check for the web
plate only against tearout.

Nominal bearing/tearout strength per exterior bolts:

𝑑ℎ 22
𝐿𝑐 ( 𝑒 ) = 𝑒 − = 37.5 − = 26.5
2 2

1.2𝑳𝑐 𝒕𝑃𝐿 𝑭𝑢 = 1.2(26.5)(10)(400) = 127.2 𝑘𝑁 (this governs)

2.4𝒅𝑏 𝒕𝑃𝐿 𝑭𝑢 = 2.4(20)(10)(400) = 192 𝑘𝑁

The design strength is

∅𝑹𝑛 = 0.75[2(127.2 )] = 190.8 𝑘𝑁 > 160 𝑘𝑁 (𝑂𝐾)

6. Check fillet welds

𝑽𝒓 = 2[∅0.6𝐹𝐸𝑋𝑋 (0.707𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑑 )𝐿𝑠 ]

160 𝑥 103
𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑑 = = 3.49𝑚𝑚
2[0.75(0.6)(480)(0.707)(150)
Use 5mm (minimum size of fillet weld based on Table 510.2.4)

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 Design of Connections Page 14 of 16

Design a fully restrained BFP moment connection to support the factored bending
moment of 1,200 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 and factored shear force of 95 kN due to wind and gravity
loads. Use 90mm spacing between the bolts, and 40mm edge spacing. The steel
grade is A992 for the W920 × 201 beam and W840 × 359 column and A36 for the
steel plate (30 mm thick). Use 𝐹𝐸𝑋𝑋 = 450 𝑀𝑃𝑎 electrodes and 20mm A490 bolts
(threads included) for the flange plate (𝐹𝑛𝑣 = 457 MPa), 16mm A307 bolts for the
shear tab (𝐹𝑛𝑣 = 165 𝑀𝑃𝑎).

Steel Section Properties

W920 × 201

𝐷𝑏 = 904 𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑓 = 305 𝑚𝑚 𝑡𝑓 = 20.1 𝑚𝑚 𝑡𝑤 = 15.2 𝑚𝑚

W840 × 359

𝑑 = 869 𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑓 = 404 𝑚𝑚 𝑡𝑓 = 35.6 𝑚𝑚 𝑡𝑤 = 21.1 𝑚𝑚

Summary of answer:

Flange Plate: 𝑏𝑃𝐿 = ________ 𝑡𝑃𝐿 = ________

No. of Bolts: Flange bolt = ________ Shear tab = ________

Thickness of fillet weld on shear tab: ________

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 Design of Connections Page 15 of 16

Welding Types and Joints. https://weldguru.com/weld-types-joints/

1. Connections in Steel Structures.

https://civilengineeringbible.com/subtopics.php?i=96

Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP), National Structural

Code for Buildings and Other Vertical Structures (NSCP C101. 7th Ed.), 2015

Shen, Jay, Bulent Akbas, Onur Seker, and Mahmoud Faytarouni. 2021. Design of
Steel Structures. 1st ed. New York: McGraw Hill.
https://www.accessengineeringlibrary.com/content/book/9781260452334

Alan Williams, Ph.D., S.E., F.I.C.E., C.Eng. Steel Structures Design for Lateral and
Vertical Forces, Second Edition (McGraw-Hill Education: New York, Chicago, San
Francisco, Athens, London, Madrid, Mexico City, Milan, New Delhi, Singapore,
Sydney, Toronto, 2016).
https://www.accessengineeringlibrary.com/content/book/9781259588013

Design of Steel Structures Engr. Ailene C. de Vela