Course Title: Algebra Full marks: 60

Course number: Math. Ed. 485 (Minor) Pass marks: 30

Nature of course: Theory Credit Hour: 3
Level: B.Ed. Total Period: 48
Semester: Fourth
1. Course Description
This course is designed for prospective secondary level ICT teachers to provide a deeper
and broader understanding of modern algebra. This course deals with axiomatic
foundation for further study of mathematics consisting abstract algebra and linear
algebra. The abstract algebraic structures deals in this course are groups, rings and fields.
Moreover, the linear algebra consist matrices and determinants, vector spaces and linear
transformation.
2. General Objectives
The general objectives of this course are as follows:
 To make the students familiar with group theory, group homomorphism,
isomorphism theorems, ring theory, field, matrices and determinants, vector spaces
and linear transformation.
 To develop capabilities among the students in proving theorems and problem solving
techniques in algebra.
 To help them in developing positive attitude towards modern algebra.

3. Specific Objectives and Contents

S. Specific Objectives Contents
N.
1  To define various type of Unit I: Matrices and Determinants (8)
matrices. 1.1 Definition of matrices,
 Discuss operation of 1.2 Some Basic Matrices
matrices. 1.3 Algebra of Matrices
 Find the determinant of 1.4 Determinants and its properties
square matrices & state and
1.5 Inverse matrix
apply the properties of
determinants. 1.6 Rank of matrix
 Find inverse of square 1.7 System of Linear Equations
matrix.
 Find the rank of matrix.
 Solve the system of linear
equations of two or three
variables by matrix method
and Cramer’s rule.

1
  Test the consistency of system of
linear equations
2  Define binary operation and Unit II: Group Theory (12)
explain algebraic structure. 2.1 Algebraic system, Binary operation and its
 Construct Cayley’s table for properties
operation on a set. 2.2 Cayley’s tables
 Prove the properties of binary 2.3 Equivalence relation, congruence modulo
operation. 2.4 Group and its properties
 Decompose a set into equivalence 2.5 Integral power of elements of a group
classes. 2.6 Cyclic groups and permutation group
 Discuss the congruence modulo 2.7 Elementary properties of groups, cyclic
with example. groups and permutation group
 Define groups and give example 2.8 Subgroup and its properties
of groups.
2.9 Cosets of a sub-group
 Verify the laws of exponents in 2.10 Lagrange’s theorem
the product of integral power of
elements of group. 2.11 Normal subgroups
2.12 Quotient group
 Define cyclic group and
permutation group with examples
 Define subgroups, cosets of
subgroup, normal subgroups and
quotient group with examples.
 Prove Lagrange’s theorem.
 Prove the properties of subgroup
and normal subgroup and quotient
group.
3  Define homomorphism and prove Unit III: Group Homomorphism (5)
the simple properties of 3.1 Homomorphisms, Endomorphism,
homomorphism. Automorphism and Isomorphism
 Define isomorphism, 3.2 Isomorphism theorems: fundamental
endomorphism and theorem, diamond and quotient
automorphism. isomorphism theorems,
 Prove isomorphism theorems correspondence theorem

4  Define and explain rings and give Unit IV: Ring Theory (8)
examples of rings 4.1 Definition of Rings and its special classes
 Discuss the special types rings with examples
with suitable examples 4.2 Elementary properties of Rings
 Prove the properties of rings 4.3 Subrings, Ideals and Quotient rings with
 Define subrings, ideals, quotient their properties

2
 rings and homomorphism of rings 4.4 Homomorphism of Rings
 Prove the properties of subrings, 4. 5 Integral Domain (ID), Principal Ideal
ideals and homomorphism. Domain (PID), Euclidean Domain (ED),
 Define ID, PID, ED and UFD Unique Factorization Domain (UFD)
with examples.

5  Define vector spaces and Unit V: Vector Spaces (5)

subspaces with suitable examples. 5.1 Definition and examples of vector spaces
 Explain and prove some 5.2 Subspaces
properties of vector spaces and 5.3 Linear combination: linear independence
subspaces.
and linear dependence
 Define linear independence and
5.4 Basis and dimension of a vector space
dependence and give their
suitable examples.
 Define basis and dimension of
vector space with example.

6  Define linear transformation and Unit VI: Linear Transformation (5)

give examples of linear 6.1 Definition and examples of linear
transformations. transformations
 State and prove the properties of 6.2 Kernel and image of linear transformation
linear transformation.
6.3 Algebra of linear transformation
 Define kernel and image of linear
6.4 Matrix representation of linear
transformation and prove the
related properties. transformation
 Explain and prove the algebraic 6.5 Eigen values and Eigen vectors
properties of linear
transformation.
 Find the eigen values and eigen
vectors of the matrix
7  Define field, subfield and prime Unit VII: Field Theory (5)
field with suitable examples. 7.1 Introduction
 Define the extension of fields and 7.2 Subfield
degree of field extension with 7.3 Prime field
examples
7.4 Field extension and degree of field
 Prove the theorems of extension extension
of field.
7.5 Algebraic and transcendental elements
 Define algebraic and
transcendental elements with
examples

3
4. Instructional Strategies
Because of theoretical nature of course, the student centered approach will be used in teaching
learning process. As teachers are free to follow the methods suitable for them and the students,
they may adopt the following teaching learning strategies.
4.1 General Instructional Techniques
Lecture and illustration
Discussion
Demonstration
4.2 Specific Instructional Techniques
Inquiry and question answer
Individual and group work, project work
Classroom presentation
5. Evaluation
5.1 Internal Evaluation 40%
Internal evaluation will be conducted by subject teacher based on the following aspects:
Attendance 4 marks
Participation in learning activities 6 marks
First assignment 10 marks
Second assignment 10 marks
Third assignment 10 marks
Total 40 marks
5.2 External Evaluation (60%)
The examination section Dean Office, Faculty of Education will conduct final examination at
the end of the fourth semester .The type of questions and marks allocated for each question will
be as follows :
Types of questions Total questions Number of Total
questions & their marks
marks
Group A: Multiple choice 10 questions 1 marks  10 10
questions
Group B: Short answer questions 6 questions with two OR 5 marks  6 30
Group C: Long answer question 2 questions with one OR 10 marks  2 20

6. Recommended Books
Bhattarai, B.N. (2017). A Text book on Modern Algebra. Kathmandu: Cambridge Publication
Pvt. Ltd.
Bhattarai, B.N. (2019). A Text book on Linear Algebra and Vector Analysis (Revised Edition)
Kathmandu: Cambridge Publication Pvt. Ltd.

4
 Gopalakrishna, N. S. (1998). University algebra (2nd ed.). New Delhi: New Age International
(P) Limited, Publishers.
Goyal, J. K & Gupta, K. P. (2006). Advance course in modern algebra (11 th ed.). Meerut:
Pragati Prakashan Educational Publisher.
Hersteine, I. N. (2008). Topics in algebra. New Delhi: Wiley India.
Koirala, S, P. & Bhattarai, B. N. (2010). A textbook on higher algebra. Kathmandu: Pragya
Prakashan.
Lang, S. (1979). Linear algebra (2nd ed.). New York: Addision Wisely Publishing Company.
Prasad, C. (1991). Textbook on algebra and theory of equations. India: Pothisala Private Ltd.
Vatssa, B. S. (1999). Modern algebra. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Limited,
Publishers.
7. References
Bhattacharya, P. B., Jain, S. K. & Nagpaul, S. R. (1995). Basic Abstract algebra (2nd ed.).
Cambridge University Press.
Dummit, D. S. & Foote, R. (2002) Abstract algebra. New Delhi: Wiley India Reprint.
Durbin, J. R. (2005). Modern algebra, India: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Hersteine, I. N. (1986). Abstract algebra. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Maharjan, H. B. (2000). First course in abstract algebra. Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar.
Maharjan, H. B. (2007). A textbook of group theory (2 nd ed.). Kathmandu: Bhudipuran
Prakashan.
Maharjan, H. B. (2008). Rings and modules. Kathmandu: Bhudipuran Prakashan.
Shrestha, R. M. and Bajracharya, S. (2066). Elementary linear algebra (Revised ed.).
Kathmandu: Sukunda Pustak Bhawan.
Hungerford, T. W. (1974). Algebra, Springer-vering, New York Inc.
Vasistha, A. R. and Vasistha, A. K. (2000). Modern algebra (39th ed.). India: Krishna Prakashan
Media.