ME 3242 1 Pneumatic Sequential Circuits: Location: (E2 01 02)
ME 3242 1 Pneumatic Sequential Circuits: Location: (E2 01 02)
ME 3242‐1
PNEUMATIC SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS
Location: (E2‐01‐02)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE
INSTRUCTIONS
You should attend the lab only on the day assigned to you. Due to overwhelming
subscription, free jumping to alternate days is not possible.
The report must be submitted within one week of the completion of the lab work via
CANVAS‐>Lab Submission in pdf format. The file name of your submission should be
in Exp1_Group‐No.pdf.
The reports should be not more than 11 pages long. They should contain: Title, Group
number, members of the group, Objectives/Aims, Background/Summary of
Experiment, Results and Observations, and your solution to the assigned problem.
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1.0 Objectives
a. To become familiar with pneumatic components used in building sequential circuits
for industrial automation.
b. To design and implement a purely pneumatic logic circuit for a given cycle of
operations involved multiple cylinders.
2.0 Apparatus
Pneumatic Experimental Breadboard set comprising:
4 pneumatic pistons, 16 roller levers limit valves, 12 5/2 pneumatic pilot‐operated
directional valves, 3 shuttle valves, 2 needle check valves, 6 common supply lines
(manifolds) with 5 access points each, 5 3/2 pushbutton valves, compressed air supply
manifold with 20 access points and 1 on/off control valve for compressed air supply.
Please see Appendix 1 for the Layout of the components.
3.0 Description of components on the Electro‐Pneumatic Experimental Breadboard
a. Double‐Acting Pneumatic Cylinder
D o u b le - a c tin g c y lin d e r
Photo Logic symbol
When compressed air is supplied to the pneumatic cylinder, the cylinder will extend
or retract depending upon which direction the compressed air is supplied. The stroke
length is fixed, and the speed of movement and the force is dependent on the air
pressure being used. In the pneumatic cylinder used here, there is a permanent
magnet build into the piston. This is for the purpose of triggering externally mounted
reed switches used to detect end of strokes.
b. 5/2 pneumatic pilot‐operated Flow Control Valve
Photo Logic symbol
The directional valve controls the two output ports A and B, one of which will be
connected to the air supply, while the other to the exhaust. A and B in turn are
normally connected to the two ports of a pneumatic cylinder or any other pneumatic
devices to be controlled. The state of the output ports will depend on the pressure
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supplied to the 2 activation ports, shown as dotted lines in the logic symbol. The state
will remain the same until pressure is supplied to the opposing activation port.
c. 3/2 Spring‐Returned Roller Lever‐valve
Photo Logic symbol
The roller lever valve acts as a limit valve. When the lever is not activated, the output
port (A) is connected to the exhaust (R). When the lever is pushed, the compressed
air supply (P) is directed to the output port (A), thus allowing it to activate another
pneumatic device. When the lever is released, the built‐in spring will bring the valve
back to its original un‐actuated state.
d. 3/2 Pushbutton Valve
Photo Logic symbol
The pushbutton valve works in the same way as the roller lever valve except that
actuation is by a manually‐operated pushbutton in place of the roller lever.
e. Needle & Check Valve
Photo Logic Symbol
The needle & Check valve controls the air flow in one direction, but allows the
reverse flow without restriction. The knob can be turned 10 revolutions to control
the flow from no flow to full flow.
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f. Shuttle Valve
Photo Logic Symbol
The shuttle valve performs the OR logic function for pneumatic devices. The input
port with higher pressure will push the shuttle to block out the other input port and
flows out through the output port.
g. Supply Manifold
Photos
The supply manifolds are basically common supply line with multiple one‐touch
fitting ports. When not in use, the ports should be plugged in order to prevent the
pressurised air from escaping.
h. Main ON/OFF Valve
Photo logic symbol
The main on/off valve is used to turn on or off the compress air supply from the air
compressor.
CAUTION: Before turning on the compressed air supply, please
ensure that all tubings that are used for connection have both their
ends either plugged or connected to other pneumatic devices. Any
free end of a tubing that is connected to a source of air supply will
flip about violently and could be dangerous if it hits your eye.
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4.0 Experimental Procedure
A. Familiarisation with pneumatic components –Circuit 1
1.0 Cyl A
1.3 Roller Lever
1.2 PB A 1.4 PB B
1.1 Control Valve 4 2
2
A+ A‐
3
5 1 3
1
2
3
Connect the circuit as shown above and then turn on the air supply (see CAUTION
above).
(i) Briefly press both the PushButton A and PushButton B, and observe the
response of the cylinder. Describe how the circuit work by sequence chart.
(ii) Briefly press either ONE of the pushbuttons and observe the response. What is
the relationship between the two pushbuttons?
B. Familiarisation with pneumatic components –Circuit 2
Re‐connect the two pushbuttons with the introduction of a shuttle valve as shown in
the circuit below. The change is indicated by the dashed oval encirclement. Repeat
tasks (i) and (ii) in section A on Circuit 2.
1.2 PB A
1.0 Cyl A
1.3 Roller Lever
1
1.6 Shuttle
3
Valve
1.1 Control Valve 4 2
1
1.4 PB B A+ A‐
3
5 1 3
1
2
3
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C. Design and implementation of a circuit for the sequential control of pneumatic
cylinders
Turn off the air supply. Remove the connections from Part B and connect up the
circuit which you should have already designed for the sequence of operations given
for your Group. Turn on the air supply and prove to yourself that it works as required.
Show the operation to the Laboratory Assistant and submit your designed circuit in
your report.
5.0 Report
In your report, report the observations of the responses of the pistons and the functions
of the various components in parts A and B. In Part C, include the pneumatic circuit that
you designed and patched up and discuss any problems that you encountered and
overcome and any other observations you may have made.
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Appendix 1 Layout of Components for Pneumatic Experiment Breadboard
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