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Sounds of English

The document discusses the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and provides information on the sounds of English, including consonants, vowels, diphthongs, word stress, and sentence stress. It identifies different consonant and vowel sounds in English words using IPA transcription and discusses rules for syllable division and primary word stress. Examples are provided to illustrate different phonetic concepts.

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89 views23 pages

Sounds of English

The document discusses the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and provides information on the sounds of English, including consonants, vowels, diphthongs, word stress, and sentence stress. It identifies different consonant and vowel sounds in English words using IPA transcription and discusses rules for syllable division and primary word stress. Examples are provided to illustrate different phonetic concepts.

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International Phonetic Alphabet

/ˌɪntəˈnaʃən(ə)l fəˈnetɪk ˈalfəbet/


How to Say “ough”
though

through

cough

rough

plough

ought
• The sounds of English can be grouped into consonants and vowels. There are
44 sounds in English.
• Consonants: sounds produced with a closure or a narrowing of the air
passage in the mouth

• There are 24 consonants in English. They are:

• /p/ : pet, pen, purse, map


• /b/ : box, bed, break, cub
• /t/ : toy, test, attend, late
• /d/ : desk, den, said, paid
• /k/ : kid, king, pick, lock
• /g/ : gold, goat, tug, plague
• /f/ :fish, feet, life, safe, cough, tough
• /v/ :vain, visit, clever, love
• /s/ :sit, sell, bus, ask
• /z/ :zoo, zone, zero, busy
• /h/ :hat, huge, perhaps, heavy
• /m/ :mind, atom, mother, master
• /n/ : neat, sign, nurse, deny
• /l/ : lid, lead, lemon, tell
• /r/ : rat, write, train, run
• /w/ : water, winter, one, why
• /ʃ/: Shop, ship, wash

• /ʒ/: pleasure, measure, mirage

• /tʃ/: church, chin, chicken, nature

• /dʒ/: jam, judge, fridge, June

• /θ/: thin, thing, mouth, think

• /ð/: this, that, them, father

• /ŋ/: sing, finger, long, rung


• /j/: yes, young, university, union
Identify the consonant sounds in the
following words
• Mosquito
• Desire
• Ketchup • Thunder
• Reward • Scent
• Uncle • Ash
• Treasure • Father
• Catch • Queue
• Jacket • Few
• Leg • Toad
• Liver • Caterpillar
Vowels
• 20 vowel sounds: of which 8 are diphthongs

• /i/ : ship
• /ʊ/ : bush, book
• /e/or /ɛ/ : bed
• /ɒ/ : hot, bottle
• /æ/ or /a/ : cat, apple

• /ʌ/ : cup, butter, bun


• /ə/ : enter, about, doctor
• A vowel with two dots after it (:), it means it is a long vowel

• /æ/ or /a/ : cat, apple


• /a:/ - card, car, half

• /i/- sit
• /i:/- seat

• /u/ - took
• /u:/- tooth, fool
• / ɒ/ - hot, fox
• / ɔː/ -horse, force

• /ə/ -never, ever


• /əː/ -girl, burn, turn
Identify the vowel sounds in the following
words:
• Bend • Put
• Tin • Enter
• Map • Rule
• Bus • Learn
• Teeth
• Part
• Top
• Walk
Diphthongs
• /ei/ - fate, pain, rate
• /ai/- bite, fight, sign
• /ɔi/ - boy, coin, joy

• /əʊ/- home, bone, note


• /aʊ/ - shout, doubt, loud

• /iə/ - dear, here, clear


• /eə/- air, pair, stare
• /ʊə/- poor, sure, lure
Identify diphthongs in the following words
• There
• Soak
• Bow
• Join
• Five
• Clear
• Pure
Can you read the following phonetic
transcription?

• /ɪstablɪʃ/ • /eɡzamɪˈneɪʃn/

• /tʃeə/
• /telɪˌvɪʒn/
• /dʒəʊkə/
• /kʌstəmə/
• /dɪstrɔɪ/
• /tiːtʃə/
Transcribe:
• Quest nerve
• Van range
• Zone gym
• Rash flight
• Knife job
• Snake use
• Bridge thought
Word Stress
• Syllable: A unit of sound consisting of a vowel (only one) sound and one
or more consonant sounds

• Monosyllabic words eg. tea


• Disyllabic words eg. cof-fee
• Trisyllabic words eg. cam-er-a
• Polysyllabic words eg. in-ex-per-ri-enced
Mark the syllable division:
• Teacher Person
• Captain Beautiful
• Familiar Banana
• Jump
• Nation
• professor
Word Stress
BANANA /bəˈnɑːnə/
BA-ˈNAN-A

Stress: Stress is the means of making one syllable appear


more prominent than the others

The stressed syllable is:


Louder
Higher pitched
Longer in time
• Tea

• Breakfast

• Beautiful

• Information

• University
Some rules:
• Nouns with two syllables
Picture
Doctor
Water
Money

Adjectives with two syllables:


Happy
Yellow
Useful
• Verbs with two syllables:

• Decide
• Forget
• Explain
• Arrive
• Repeat
Sentence Stress
• Not all words are stressed in a sentence

• Content words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs are stressed

• Function words: Pronouns, helping verbs, prepositions, articles, conjunctions are


generally not stressed

• He has gone.

• She wants to buy a camera.

• Rahul lost his keys in the bus.


• The shift in primary stress changes the meaning of sentences.

• This is Ravi’s sister.


• This is Ravi’s sister.
• This is Ravi’s sister.
• This is Ravi’s sister.

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