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Excavation Cosh

The document discusses excavation safety, including hazards associated with excavation work like soil collapse, falls, vehicular traffic, underground utilities, working surfaces, and confined spaces. It provides information on preventing soil collapse through proper cutting angles based on soil type, using shoring and supports, and controlling groundwater. Guidelines are presented for safe work practices around excavations, including fall protection, underground utility location, traffic control, ventilation of confined spaces, and daily inspections.

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Nelson Diaz
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451 views37 pages

Excavation Cosh

The document discusses excavation safety, including hazards associated with excavation work like soil collapse, falls, vehicular traffic, underground utilities, working surfaces, and confined spaces. It provides information on preventing soil collapse through proper cutting angles based on soil type, using shoring and supports, and controlling groundwater. Guidelines are presented for safe work practices around excavations, including fall protection, underground utility location, traffic control, ventilation of confined spaces, and daily inspections.

Uploaded by

Nelson Diaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Excavation

Safety

h
Excavation
• is any man-made cut, cavity or
depression in an earth surface
that is formed by earth removal.

Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Trench
• is a narrow excavation where the depth
is greater than its width, and the width
measured at the bottom is not greater
than 15 ft.

h
Department of Labor and Employment
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
v

Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Hazards of Excavation Works

• Soil Collapse
• Falls
• Vehicular Traffic
• Underground Utilities
• Working Surface
• Confined Space Conditions
v

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Principal Causes of Soil Collapse
• Steep cutting angle
• Super imposed load
• Shock & Vibration
• Water Pressure
• Drying

h
Department of Labor and Employment
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Soil Collapse

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Other Soil Reactions

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Prevention of Soil Collapse

Type A – Most stable: clay


Type B – Medium stability: silt and unstable
rock (disturbed soil as type B)

Type C – Least stable: gravel, loamy sand,


submerged soil, soil from which water is freely
seeping.
v

h
Department of Labor and Employment
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Prevention of Soil Collapse
 Cut the slope at a safe angle (H:V)

• Type A - 3/4:1 or 53°

• Type B - 1:1 or 45°

• Type C - 1½ :1 or 34°
h Department of Labor and Employment
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Prevention of Soil Collapse

• Provision of shoring and timbering

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
v

Sheet Piles
h Department of Labor and Employment
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
v

Plate Lining System Box Type


h Department of Labor and Employment
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
v

Shielding
h

Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Prevention of Soil Collapse

Per Rule 1413 of the Occupational Safety and


Health Standards (OSHS):

The walls of every excavation over 1 meter


deep shall be supported by adequate
shoring…

Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Falls

Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
v

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Falls
• Minimum Berm
- not less than one third of the depth of
the excavation
- may be reduced to not less than 1 meter
provided that materials are stable,
shoring and barriers are present
(Per Rule 1413 of the OSHS)

Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Falls

 Barricades of at least 1
meter high should be
provided.

 Signs should be posted


to prevent the public
from going near the
v
excavation.

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Surface Crossing of Trenches

• Walkways or bridges
must be provided
• Minimum clear width
of 20 in.
• With standard rails
• Extended a minimum
of 24 in. past the
v surface edge

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Vehicular Traffic
• Provide workers with
warning vests or other
suitable garments
marked with reflectorized
materials
• Designate a trained
flagperson along with
signs and barricades
when necessary
• Use horn or give signals
v to ensure safety.

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Underground Utilities

• Determine location of
underground facilities
and take necessary
steps to prevent damage
to these facilities.
• In an open excavation,
support, protect or
v remove underground
installation.

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Working Surface

• Excavation shall be
kept free of water at all
times
• And in muddy area,
workers should be
provided with boots to
reduce the hazard of
slipping.
v

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Groundwater Control

Sump Pumping Well Pointing

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Well Pointing

v Single-sided Well Point Double -sided Well Point

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Confined Space Conditions

Hazardous Atmosphere:
• Oxygen, O2 : < 19.5% or > 23.5%
• Flammable gas concentration > 10% of Lower
Flammability Limit (LFL)
• Hazardous toxic chemicals

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Confined Space Conditions

• Excavation in confined space


• Check the condition of the atmosphere before entry
• Do not work alone in a confined space
• Provide lifeline
• Provide ventilation or blower before entering
• Provide emergency rescue equipment such as
breathing apparatus, safety harness and line and
basket stretcher

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Ingress and Egress
(Ladder)

50 feet (max)

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Ingress and Egress
(Ladder)

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Ingress and Egress
(Ladder)

v
X X
h Department of Labor and Employment
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Working in Excavation
• Prior to opening
Check excavation permit
Identify all underground installations
Remove trees, boulders, stumps, other surface
encumbrances and hazards before starting
excavation

h
Department of Labor and Employment
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Working in Excavation

• During operations
Wear appropriate PPE
Safe working distance between workers
Maintain guardrails, fences, or other barricades
and warning lights

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Working in Excavation

• During break time, workmen should never


stand or take rest on high banks of soft
material
• Do not leave tools, materials, or debris in
walkways, ramps, or near the edge of
excavations
• Do not use guardrails as resting place
v

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Inspection
• Daily before start of each shift
• After heavy rain
• When fissures, tension cracks, undercutting,
water seepage, bulging at the bottom or other
conditions occur
• When there is any indication of change or
movement in adjacent structures or spoil pile
v
Rule 1413 of the OSHS states that excavation
shall be inspected at least once everyday.
h Department of Labor and Employment
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Summary
• Remember:
• An excavation may not be safe to enter without a
proper support structure being provided.
• Back-filled ground are especially dangerous.
• Water increases the possibility of a cave in.
• Excavation should be considered as a confined space.
• A worker does not have to be completely buried in soil
to be seriously injured or killed.

h Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Department of Labor and Employment
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
v
Have a nice week!!!
h

Department of Labor and Employment


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER

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