@ can, could, be able to V -ed/-ing adjectives P centanre strece ima} LOln=M=]a1@ B10 oct -<4—) GRAMMAR can, could, be able to If at first you don't succeed, try, try, try again’ is a well-known English saying. What does it mean? Move recently ather peaple have invented different ways of continuing the saying, Which one do you like best? If at first you don't succeed, give up blame your parents destroy all the evirlenre that yous tried doit the way your mather told you to kyriving is nat for yout Look at the definition of beable to. What other verb is itsimilar two? bbe ableto (do something) co hare she bility opportunity ioe todo something Willyou be aletocometothe meting next we Read about three people who have tried (but failed) to learn something, and complete the texts with AG. A Lwasableo B Notbeingable to C Tjust wasn’t able to D Iwill never be able w E [would suddenly be able to F I'vealways wanted to be able to G we would never be able to Read the article again. Why did they have problems? Have they completely given up trying? Have you ever tried te learn something and given up? Why? Look at phrases A~G again. What tense or form is be able to in each one? What tenses or forms does can have? >» p.138 Grammar Bank 4A. Learn more about can, ‘could, and be able to, and practise them. > Communication Guess the sentence A p.105 B p.108. Can you speakFrench? —No.I've never been able to learn a foreign language. I've never been able to... scene in one ofthe very first James Bond films, where a beautiful actress comes out ofthe sea looking fabulous, “with oxygen bottles on her back - | could see myself looking [ust lke her. So, two years ago | booked a holiday which included a week's intensive course, On the fist day of the cence Lwac ineredihly excited Firt we had twn hewirs of theory, and then we went into the sea to put it into practice, But as coon as | went under the water I discovered that | suffered from claustrophobia, doit. After about half an hour | gave up. Every evening forthe rest of rmy holiday | had to listen to my scuba-diving classmates talking about ll the wonderful tings they had seen that day on their diving excursions.* join inthe conversation was very frustrating. | really wanted to learn. Maybe it was because ofthat {ail love swimming and snorkelling but I think that | have toaccept that® scuba-dive. Bea, USATOM Elis) dance salsa, and when |was working in Ecuador there were free lasses, 30 1 jiieU, Bulle @ Lut sabe isto keep your arms sill and move your hips, and Ijust couldn't doit. When hear music my arms start moving, but my hips don't After about ten hours of classes * do the basic step, but | was dancing lke a robot! didn't give up, but soon everyone inthe class was dancing and | was just slowly moving from sideto side and counting out loud ‘one, two, three. four. twas abit embarrassing. was sure that one day ‘ do it~ but that never happened. can still remember the fst two steps and stil tr to dance when thear asalsa tune - as long asnobody is watching! Sean, UK a. = | speak Japanese bt found it incredibly dithcult and I gave up atter two years | think oriental languages, which have symbols instead of words, are extremely hard to learn fr people who are more Used to Roman letters. Also my teacher, a Japanese woman, didn't speak Spanish very well, which didn't help! She was very charming woman, but she was abit disappointed with us, and you could see that she thought that. learn, However, one day che invited us to dinner and gave ut some delicious traditional Japanese food, and since then loften 4 to Japanese restaurants. So learnt to love the food, iFnot to speak the language! | love Manga — Japanese comics - and tried to learn Japanese, Joaquin, Spain PRONUNCIATION sentence stress. 361) Listen and repeat the sentences. Copy the rhythm 1 dlove tobe able to ski. 2 wewon'tue able w come. 3 Ivenever been able to dance. 4 she hates not being able todrive. @27)) Listen again. Make new sentences with the verbs or verb phrases you hear. J) love tobe able to sk. Ride a horse Clove tobe abe trie arse. )) We won't be able to come. Park (C We wont be able to park. 2 SPEAKING Look at the topics. Choose wo or three and think about what you could say for them. — never been ([Beitething you learnt to do after alot of effort — like tobe able to ([SBIREHHIng ReW that you Would ike to be able to do. z= aed that youhope youl f a” people should able to do choo Work with a partner, Tell him / her about che things you chose ina. Give reasons or explanations for each one, (/ tenever been able to sk, and now don't think ll ever tear, (always wanted to learn but I dont ive near mountains. B tutor 44 | 354 VOCABULARY -ed / -ing adjectives a Lookat the photo. Complete the sentences with bored or boring, 1 The flea wae 2 Theaudience were -ed and ~ing adjectives Many adjectives for feelings have two possible forms, either ending in -edor in ing, ¢8, frustrated and frustrating. ‘We use the adjective endingin -ed for the person who has the feeling (was very frustrated that! couldn't scuba-dive). We use the adjective ending in singfor a person or situation that produces the feeling (couldn in the conversation, which was very frustrating), b_ Read the information box. Then complete the adjectives with -ed or -ing 1 What do you think is the most exci watch? sport co 2 What's the most amaz__ scenery you've ever 3. What music do you listen to ifyou feel depress? 4 Have you ever heen disappoint _ bya birehday present? Which do you find more English or listening to English? 6 What's the most embarrass speaking thing that’s ever happened to you? Ate you frighten 8 Doyou feel very tir of heights? inthe morning? 9. Who's the most bor person you know? 10 Doyouever getfrustrat by technology? © @20}) Listen and check. Underline the stressed syllable in the adjectives 4. Ask and answer the questions in pairs. Ask for more information Eng 5 READING & SPEAKING a Doyou know anybody who speaks more than two Ianguages? Which languages do they speak? How did they b_ @a9i) You are going to readan article about Alex Rawlings, who speaks 1 languages. Before you read, match the languages below with words 111. Then listen and check. English Greek German Spanish Russian Dutch 1) Afrikaans French Hebrew Catalan Italian Read the article. Which language(s)...? 1 did he learn asa child 2 ishe studying at university 3 does he like best 4 ishe planning to learn next did he wish he had been able to speak when he was achild “<> He’s English, but he can speak eleven languages lex Rawlings has been named the UK's most ‘multilingual student, in a competition run by a dictionary publisher. The German and Russian student from London, who is only 20 years old, can speak 11 languages tluently. In a video for the BBC News website he demonstrated his skills by speaking in all of them, changing quickly from one to another. Rawlings said that winning the competition was ‘a bit of a shock’. He explained, ‘I saw the competition advertised and | heard something about a free iPad. | never imagined that it would generate this amount of media attention As a child, Rawlings’ mother, who is half Greek, used to speak to him in English, Greek, and French, and he often visited his family in Greece. He said that he has always been interested in languages. ‘My dad worked in Japan for four years and | was always frustrated that | couldn't speak to the kids because of the language barrier.’ After visiting Holland at the age of 14 he decided to lear Dutch with CDs and books. ‘When | went. back I could talk to people. It was great. 6 was the first one he taught himself did he find the most difficulteae ee aot d_ Look at the highlighted words and phrases related to language learning, and work out their meaning from the context. Then ask and answer the questions with a partner. 1 Canyou or anyone in your family speak another language fluently? Do you know any basic phrases in any other languages? 3. Do you have a personal link to another country or language? Why? 4 Have you ever travelled toanother country and felt that there was real language barrier? What other languages would you like to be ableto speak? Why? He taught himself many of the languages with ‘teach yourself’ hooks, hut alsa by watching films, listening to ‘music, and travelling to the countries themselves. Of all the languages he speaks, Rawlings says that Russian, which he has been learning for a year and a half, is the hardest. He said, “There seem to be more ‘exceptions than rules!" He added, ‘I especially like Greek because | think it’s beautiful and, because of my mother, | have a strong personal link to the country and to the language.” Everyone should learn languages, especially if they travel abroad. If you make the effort to learn even the most basic phrases wherever you go, it instantly shows the person you're speaking to that you respect their culture. Going around speaking English loudly and getting frustrated at people is tactless and rude.” The next language Rawlings hopes to learn ts Arabic, but ‘only once I've finished my degree and got some ‘more time on my hands. For now | need to concentrate ‘on my German and Russian, so I can prepare for ny finals.” Glossary finale the asexams chatstudents take at univers Read the grammar information box. Then complete 1-Swith a reflexive pronoun, Reflexive pronouns, He taught himself many of the languages with'teach ‘yourself books. ‘We use reflexive pronouns (myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves, yourselves, themselves) when the object of a verb isthe same as the subject. e.g. He taught himself Russian. = he was his own teacher, We also use reflexive pronouns to emphasize the subject of an action, eg, We painted the kitchen ourselves. 1 Lalwaystest on new vocabulary ~it'sa good way to remember 2. My uncle built the house Ittook him three 3. This light isautomatic. Itcurns onand off, 4 Did you fix the computer 2 Well done! 5 My sister's so vain! Every time she passes a mirror, she looks at inet 6 LISTENING & SPEAKING 4 401) You're going to listen to six advanced students of English giving a tip which has helped chem to learn, Listen once and complete their tip. Then compare your notes witha partner. | TIP 2: Change the language to English on alt the you have, for example on your, or, or things that you but in English. “TP 3: Tiy to find an English speaking Tie arceta ‘app for your phone. TIP 5: Book yourself a in possible in English, and then them, b_ Listen again. Try to add more details about each tip. © Talktoa partner. + Do you already do any of these things? * Which do you think isthe best tip? ‘+ Which tip could you easily put into practice? Try it! © What other things do you do to improve your English outside class (eg, visit chat websites, listen to audio books)? Bitutor dy 44 | 37modals of obligation: must, have to, should cSihae tobrings Yes, present? Y phone language P Silent eansnnants, linking Modern manners? phone language a @a1)) Listen and match the phone sentences with che sounds. A] He’sdiallinga number. DB _ Shesten C He's just hung up. D __ She's choosing anew ringtone. E _] He’sealling back. F |_| Shelefta message on his voicemail G The line's engaged / busy sssaying « fien Can you explain what these arc? Skype ascreensaver silent / vibrate mode quiet zones. instant messaging ‘© Use the questionnaire to interview another student, Ask for more information, YOU AND YOUR PHONE DD What make is your phone? How long have you had it? G Would you like to get a new one? oS Why (not)? 1 What ringtone do you have? Ld What do you use your phone for {apart from talking)? D Where and when do you normally switch off your mobile? oi D Hove you ever...2 * lost your phone sent @ message fo the wrong person forgotten to turn your phone off {with embarrassing consequences) SS I think you probably should, 2 GRAMMAR modals of obligation: must, have to, should a Read the extract from Debrett’s guide to mobile phone etiquette. Then talk to a parmer about questions I~4. 1 Doyouagree with what Debret’s says? 2 Du youever do any uf diese utings? 3 Are they problem where you live? 4 Are there any other things people do with their phones that annoy you? Debrett’s, a well-known British publisher, has been producing gitides on how people should behave since the 1000s, including Debrett’s Etiquette and Modern Manners and The English Geutleman, Nowadays it still offers advice on what (and what not) to do in social situations. Beer etctone says abort you F you're sometimes embarrassed by your ringtone, it’s ‘almost certainly the wrong one and you should:change When in doubt, use silent or vibrate mode I may surprise your companions when you suddenly answer an invisible, silent phone, but a least they won't have to listen to your ringtone. 3. Take notice of who is around you seers enirerte te te eccicL netem e Tntimate conversations are never appropriate infront of others.b_ Read the text again. Match the highlighted phrases with their meaning. Two of the phrases match the same meaning. A You don't need to do this. Ie isn't necessary B Don‘ do this. Irisn't allowed | permitted C I’snecesssary or compulsory to do this. D Ws agoud idea sw do this. ¢ > p.139 Grammar Bank 48. Learn more about must, have to, and should, and practise them. Respect quiet zones ‘You must not use your phone in ‘quiet zones’ on tains or in hotels. That is the reason why they exist. Never shout Your phone is not a megaphone. You don't have to shout. And don't shout because you think reception is poor. It ‘won't make any difference. 6 People with you deserve more attention than those at the end of a phone ‘Wherever possible, turn off your phone in social situations and at mealtimes, or put it on vibrate. If you have to keep | your phone on because you are expecting an important call, apologize in advance. 7 Don't carry on phone conversations when you are in the middle of something else ‘isis especialy true it you are in banks, shops, et. Iris Insulting not to give the people who are serving you your full attention 8 Think about where you are calling from ‘Don't make (or receive) calls in inappropriate places. Put your phone on vibrate in meetings, cinemas, etc. If you ‘wet take callin the car, a hands-free eat Asante fom bobetts Mocrn Meare PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING silent consonants, linking Each of the words in the list has a silent consonant or consonants. With a partner, cross out the silent letters. shod ought mustn't talk wrong listen half dishonest knowledge design whole fhythm doubt foreign calm island (@46}) Listen and check. @47)) Listen and repeat the sentences. Try tocapy the rhythm and tolink rhe marked words. 1 Youmust switch off your phone ona plane 2. Youshovld_only call him in.an_ emergency. 3 We have to leave st eleven. 4 Youmustn't open other people’s_ emails. 5 Youshouldr't talk loudly on.s mobile phone. Read the definition of manners. Then make sentences using should | shouldn't for something which you think is a question of manners, and with must / mustn’t | have to for something which is a law or rule, manners 00! plnoun away of behaving chat is ‘considered acceprable in your enuntry or culture «= switch off your phone in a theatre talk loudly on your phone in public = send text messages when you are driving « reply fo a message on your phone while you are talking to somebody faceto-face play noisy games on a phone in public ‘= use your phone at a petrol station video people on your phone without their permission “= set your phone to silent mode on a train 1 send or receive texis in the cinema turn off your phone on a plane during take-off and landing Bi itutor 12 | 204 READING a Imagine that you have been invited to stay for a weekend with your partner's family. Think of three things that you think it would be bad manners to do. b Read the article. Did Hei do any of those things? Find words or phrases in the article which mean. 1 znouna man to whom you are going to be married ‘adj unpleasant verb saying what is bad or wrong with sb or th What did she do wrong (according to Mrs Bourne)? 4 ‘now not having encingh of th Now look at the title of the article. What do you think 5 novia perron ihn ek its tn your house “Frosn bell! mane in this context 6 sown a person who receives visitor 7 verb sent an email or message you received toanother person News 011)" ‘should have ‘We use should have to talk about something that Mother-in- happened in the past that you think was wrong,» You or daughter-in-law from hel By NEWS ONLINE Reporter Everyone knows it can be dificult to get on with your inlaws, hist for 29-yaar-lel Heidi Withers, i may now ha impasse Heidi was invited to spend the weekend with her fiancé Freddie's {amily their house in Navan, in southwest Fngland. Pat snom alter they returned to London, Heidi received a very nasty email from Carolyn Boume, Freddie's stepmother, criticizing her manners Here are a few examples of your lack of manners: ‘+ When you are a guest in another's house, you should not ‘declare what you will and will not eat - unless you are allergic © something. {You shouldnt say that yew de nat have encnigh fond + You should not stat before everyone else + You should not take acattonal helpings without being invited to by your hest. + You should not lie in bed unt late morning. * You should have sent a handwtten card after the vit. You have never writen to thank me when you have stayed. Heidi was shocked, and immediately sent the email on to some of her close friends. Surprised and amused, the frinnds forwarded itto other people, and soon the email had been posted on several websites, with thousands of people writing ‘Comments about ‘the mother-in-law trom hell ‘Adapted from a news website eg should have written mea thank-you letter. = you didn’t ‘write to me. think this was wrong. _ Now read some of the comments that were posted on the internet. Write H next to the ones that support Heidi, anid C next to the ones that support Carolyn. 1) Mrs Bourne says Heidi should have sent a handwritten thank-you note... however, she sends this letter by email! We are in the 21st century. Nobody sends handwritten letters any more. 19/07/2011 1852 2) Why do we hear nothing about Freddie's role in all this? Why didn't he prepare Heidi? He must know what his stepmother is ke. He could also have prepared his tamly by teling them about any eating problems nis girlfriend has. 131072001 16.25 3) The email was a private communication. | don't think Hold should havo sont it on to her fronds, It makes ‘me think that Mrs Bourne might be right about her bad manners. 1307/2011 1240 4) The stepmother sams tn he extremely jealous of Heid perhaps she wants to keep Freddie all to herselt. If were Hele, I would leave him. 12072001 1045 5) The mother-in-law may have a few good points but she should have spoken to Heidi face-to-face, not sent her an email, 11/072011 1850 66 | think that the one with the extremely bad manners is Mrs Bourne. u/c2uT1 1310 7| Mra Bourne, | agree with every word you aay. Young ‘people just don't have any manners nowadays. | hope Freddie sees sence and finds someone better. ‘yo7/2011 08:48 Write your own comment. Then compare with a parmer Da yon agree? £ > Communication The big day p.105. Read about what Heidi and Freddie did next.5 LISTENING a @48}) Listen to Miranda Ingram, whois married to Alexander Anichkin, alking about the difference between Russian. manners and British manners. What was their problem? How have they managed to solve their differences? Listen again and mark the sentences T (crue) or F (false). 1 InRussia you should say please (in Russian) when you ask someone to do something. Before Miranda took Alexander to meet her parents she taught him about English 3. When Alexander smiled at people in the UK, he felridiculous. 4 When Miranda went to Russia the firs ime Alexander's friends were delighted because she smiled all the time 5 Alexander thinks that the English sometimes use very polite expressions unnecessarily. 6 Alexander thinks the English are roo direct 7 Miranda doesnt think her dinner guests should criticize her cooking © What would people from your country do in these situations? WHEN GREETING PEOPLE... (ase more frm an when speaking to an ‘older person (kiss a woman on both chooks when you meat hoc forthe frst time [use your partners Parents’ frst ames noe MEN AND WOMEN - ‘AMAN’S ROLE... ppay for the meal on a first date wait for a woman to go through the door first ‘accompany a ‘woman home 6 SPEAKING In groups, talk about each thing in the Good Manners? questionnaire. Do you think it’s good manners, bad manners, or not important | not necessary. Why? I think it is very rude to criticize the) feodit you arein somebody's house. ) very wel oriFit's a member of your family. Con it depends. i's OK if you know the person 4s) SONG You Can't Hurry Love 4 i N a WHEN YOU ARE INVITED TO 5 > ‘SOMEBODY'S HOUSE... . vy | ctiticze the food (e.g. if itis too cold, salty et) take a present \write an email to say thank you arrive more than ten minutes late for lunch or dinner WHEN YOU ARE HAVING A MEAL WITH FRIENDS IN A RESTAURANT... leave your mobile on silent on the table infront of you answer or send a text or message make a phone call kiss your partner ON SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES... post a private message or Conversation on an internet sito post an embarrassing photo (F video clip ofa friend without ‘asking their permission post all the details of your break- up with partner