LS According to Newton's third law. each team in a tug of 17.

17. Wheri you stand still on the ground, how large a force
war (Fig. 4-37) pulls with equal force on the other team. does the ground exert on you'? Why doesn't this force
What, then, determines which team will win? make you rise. up into the air?

IS. Whiplash sometimes results from an automobile accident

when the victim's car is struck violently from the rear.
Explain why the head of the victim seems to be throvin
backward in this situation. Is it really?

19. A heavy crate rests on the bed of a flatbed truck_ When

the truck accelerates, the crate remains where it is on the
truck, so it, too_ accelerates. What force causes the crate to
accelerate?

21 A block is given a push so that it slides up a ramp. After

FIGURE 4-37 Ouestion 15. A tug of war. Describe
the forces an each of the teams and on the rope,
the block reaches its highest point, it slides back down
but the magnitude of its acceleration is less on the
16. A person exerts an upward force of 40 N to hold a bag of descent than on the. ascent_ Why?
groceries. Describe the "reaction" force (Newton's third
law) by stating (a) its magnitude. (b) its direction. (c) on 21. What would your bathroom scale read if you weighed
what object it is exerted_ and (d) in' what object it is exerted. yourself on an inclined plane? Assume the mechanism
functions properly, even at an angle.

Problems
4-4 to 4-6 Newton's Laws, Gravitational Force, line that has a breaking strength of 22 N. The fisherman
Normal Force unfortunately loses the fish as the line snaps. What can
1.(I) What force is needed to accelerate a child on a sled you say about the mass of the fish'?
(total mass = 60.0 kg) at 1.25 m/5 2? 9. (II) A 0.740-kg baseball traveling 35.0 m/s strikes the
2.(I) A net force of 265N accelerates a bike and rider at catcher's mitt, which. in bringing the ball to rest. recoils
2,30 m/s'. What is t h e mass of the hike and rider backward 1 l_e cm. What was the average force applied by
together? the ball on the glove?
(I) How much tension must a rope withstand if it is used Ili. (II) How much tension must a rope withstand if it is used
to accelerate a 960-kg car horizontally along a frictionless to accelerate a 200-kg car vertically upward at 0,80 m/s 2?
surface at 1.20 ru/s2? II. (II) A particular race Ur can cover a quarter-mile track
4. (I) What is the weight of a 76-kg astronaut (a) on Earth. (402 in) in 6.40 s starting. from a standstill. Assuming the
(b) on the Moon (g 1.7 m/s'`), (c) on Mars = 3.7 rtIA 2 ), acceleration is constant. how many -g's" dues the driver
(d) in outer space traveling with constant velocity? experience? Tf the combined mass of the driver and race
car is 485 kg, what hurizuntal force must the. road exert can
ti (If) A 20,0-kg box rests on a table. (a) hat is the weight
the tires?
of the box and the normal force acting on it'? (b) A
1.0.0-kg box is placed on top of the 20.0-kg box. as shown IZ. (II) A 12.0-kg bucket is lowered vertically by a rope in
in Fig_ 4-38. Determine the normal force that the table which there is 163 N of tension at a given instant. What is
exerts on the 20.0-kg box and the non - nal force that the the acceleration of the bucket? Is it up or down?
20,0-kg box exerts on the 10.0-kg box. 13.(1I) An elevator (mass 4850 kg) is to he designed so that
the maximum acceleration is 0.0680g. What are the
maximum and minimum forces the motor should exert on
20 kg the supporting cable?
14. (ID A 75 kg petty thief wants to escape from a third story
- -

jail window. Unfortunately_ a makeshift rope made of

FIGURE 4-38 Problem 5_ sheets tied together can support a mass of only 5/3 kg.
How might the thief use this - rope" to escape? Give a
(If) What average force is required to stop an 1100-kg car quantitative answer.
in 8_0s if the car is traveling at g5 km.:11?
15.(II) A person stands on a bathroom scale in a motionless
7.(TI) What average force is needed to accelerate a elevator, When the elevator begins to move. the scale
7_00-gram pellet from rest to 125 m/s over a distance. of briefly reads only 0.75 of the person's regular weight.
0.800 m along the barrel of a rifle? Calculate the acceleration of the elevator, and find the
8.(II) A fisherman yanks a fish vertically out of the water direction of acceleration.
with an acceleration of 2.5 in/s 2 using very light fishing

98 CHAPTER 4 Dynamics: Newton's Laws of Motion

 16.(II) The cable supporting a 212_5 - kg elevator has a 21. (I) Sketch the free body diagram of a baseball (a) at the
-

maximum strength of 21,750N. What maximum upward moment it is hit by the bat, and again (b) after it has left
acceleration can it give the elevator without breaking? the hat and is flying toward the outfield.
17. on (,) Alm( is the acceleration of two falling sky divers 21., (I) A 650-N force acts in a northwesterly direction. A
(mass 132 kg including parachute) when the upward second 650-N force must be exerted in what direction so
force of air resistance is equal to one-fourth of their that the resultant of the two forces points westward?
weight? (h) After popping open the parachute, the divers Illustrate your answer with a vector diagram.
descend leisurely to the ground at constant speed. What 23. (II) Arlene is to walk across a "high wire" strung hKrri7ontally
now is the force of air resis[ance on the sky divers and between two buildings 10.0m apart. The sag in the rope when
their parachute? See Fig, 4-39_ she. is at the midpoint is 10.0', as shown in FiLr,. 4 42_ If her
-

rna.vs is 50.0 kg. what is the tension in the rope at this point?

FIGURE 4-39 Problem 17.

( III) A person jumps from the roof of a house 3_9 m high. -

When he .strikes the ground below, he bends his knees so FIGURE 4-42 Problem 23_
that his torso decelerates over an approximate distance of
24. (11) The two forces Pi and P2 shown in Fig. 4-43a and h
0_70m. If the mass of his torso (excluding legs) is 42 kg,
(looking down) act on a 27,0-kg object on a frictionless
find (a) his velocity just before his feet strike the ground.
tabletop_ If fl - = 10_2N and F, - = 16.0N, find the net
and (b) the average force exerted on his torso by his legs
during deceleration. force on the Object and its acceleration for (a) and (1)_

4-7 Newton's Laws and Vectors

19. (I) A box weighing 77,0 N rests
the box runs verlicalLy upward
over a pulley and a weight is on a table. A rope tied to
hang from the other end
( F i g . 4 - 4 0 ) . D e t e r m in e t he
force that the table exerts on 120"
the box if the weight hanging
on the other side of the pulley
weighs (a) 30_0 N. (h) 60_0 N,
and (c) 90.0 N.

FIGURE 4-40
(b)
Problem 19. (3)
FIGURE 4-43 Problem 24.
O. (I) Draw the free body diagram for a basketball player
-

(a) just before leaving the 25. (II) One 3.2-kg paint bucket is hanging by a massless cord f r o m a n o t h e r 1 2 - k g
ground on a jump. and paint
(h) while in the air. See bucket, also hanging by a mass-
Fig. 4-41. less cord, as shown in Fig. 4 41.
-

Ca) If the buckets are at rest,

what is the tension in each cord?
(b) If the two buckets are pulled upward with an acceleration of
1.60 in/s 2 by the upper card, calculate the tension in each
cord,

FIGURE. 4-41 FIGURE 4-44 Problem 25.

Problem 20.
Problems 99
26. (TI) A person pushes a 14.0-kg lawn mower at constant 29. (I I) A window washer pulls herself upward using the bucket-
speed with a force of F = 68,0 N directed along the handle, pulley apparatus shown in Fig. 4-48. (a) How hard must she
which is at an angle of 45.0' to the horizontal (Fig_ 4-45). pull downward to raise herself slowly at constant speed?
(a) Draw the free-body diagram showing all forces acting (h) If she increases this force by 15%, what will her accelera -
on the mower. Calculate (b) the horizontal friction tion be? -The mass of the person plus the bucket is 65 kg.
force on the. mower.. then (c) the normal force exerted
vertically upward on the mower by the ground. (d) What
force must the person exert on the lawn mower CO accel-
erate it from rest to 1,5 m/s in 2,5 seconds. assuming the
same friction force?

FIGURE 4-48
Problem 29,
30. (ff) At the instant a race began, a
65 4 sprinter exerted a force of 720 N on the starting block
-

FIGURE 4-45 Problem 26. at a 2.2.' angle with rerspect to the ground. (a) What was the
horizontal acceleration of the sprinter? (b) If the force was
21. (II) 'Pm) snowcas tow a housing unit to a now location at exerted For L1.32 s, with what speed did the sprinter leave the
McMurdo Base. Antarctica, as shown in Fig. 4-46. The sum starting block?
of the forcc.s FA and F0 C.% rte.(' on the unit by the hori- 31. (II) Figure 4-49 shows a block (Inas.% mA) can a smooth
zontal cables is parallel to the line L, and V.1„ = 400 N. horizontal surface. connected by a thin cord that passes
Determine Fa and the magnitude of F. + F1 3. over a pulley to a second block (mB). which hangs verti -
cally (a) Draw a free- body diagram for each block,
showing the force of gravity on each, the force (tension)
exerted by the cord. and any normal force. (6) Apply
Newton's second law to find formulas for the acceleration of
the system and for the tension in the cord. T2nore friction
and the masses of the pulley and cord.

1
F`B
28. (IF) A train locomotive is puffing two cars of the same

5Q0 3O

FIGURE 4-49
MB
Problem 31. Mass In Arests on a smooth
horizontal surface, ma hangs vertically_
FIGURE 4-46 32. ( 1 T) A pair of fuzzy dice is banging by a
Top view Problem 27, string from your rearview mirror. While
you are accelerating from a stoplight to 2g m. is in 6.0 s,
what angle does the string snake with the vertical? See I 4i2,
mass behind it, Fig. 4-47. Deterinint the ratio of the
2!Mr111.
tension in the coupling between the locomotive and the •
•

first car (Fr i ), to that between the first car and the second
car (FT2), for any nonzero acceleration of the train.

Cart / r'7, Car l

P T ! 4-5O.

el

mg • FIGURE 4 50-

FIGURE 4-47 Problem 28. Problem 32.

100 CHAPTER 4 Dynamics: Newton's Laws of Motion

33. WI) Three blocks on a frictionless hor-i7nntal surface arc 4-8 Newton's Laws with Friction; Inclines
in contact with each other, as shown in Fig.. 4-51.A force F 36. (i) if the coefficient of kinetic friction between a 35-kg
is applied to block A (mass on A ). (a) Draw a free-body crate and the floor is 0,30. what horizontal force is
diagram for each block. Determine (h) the acceleration of required to move the crate at a steady speed across the
the system (in terms of inA tni.3. and rrdc), (c) the net force. on floor? What horizontal force is required ifµ is zero?
each block, and (d) the force of contact that each block 37. (I) A force of 48.0N is required to start a 5.0-kg box
exerts on its neighbor. (0 If In A = alp = r = 12.0 kg and
moving across a horizontal concrete floor. (a) What is the
F = 96.0 N, give numerical answers to (b), (c), and (M.
coefficient of static friction between the box and the floor?
Do your answers make sense intuitively?
(b) If the 48.0-N force continues, the box accelerates at
0.70 m/s'_ What is the coefficient of kinoic friction?
38. (Ill Suppose that you are standing on a train accelerating at
0.24. What minimum coefficient of static friction must exist
Iris Inc between your feet and the floor if you are not to slide?
(I) 39. What is the maximum acceleration a car can undergo if the
coefficient of static friction between the tires and the
ground is 0_80?
(Ii) The coefficient of static friction between hard rubber
40.
and normal street pavement is about 0.8. On how steep a
FIGURE 4-51 Problem 33. hill (maximum angle) can you leave a car parked?
CIO A 15.0-kg boa is released on a 32" incline and accel-
41.
erates down the incline at 0.30 m/s'. Find the friction
34. (III) The two masses shown in Fig. 4-52. are each initialb.
force impeding its motion. What is the coefficient of kinetic
1_80 rn above the ground. and the massless frictiontess
friction?
pulley is 4.g m above the ground. What maximum height
duos the lighter object reach after the system is released? 42. (II) A car can decelerate at -4,80 to/s 2 without skidding
[flint First determine the acceleration of the lighter mass when coming to rt:SL on a level ri.vad, What would its
and then its velocity at the moment the heavier one hits deceleration he if the road were inclined at 13" uphill?
the ground. This is its "launch" speed. Assume it doesn't Assume the same static friction coefficient.
hit the pulley. 43. (Ti) (a) A box sits at rest on a rough 30" inclined plane_
Draw the free-body diagram. showing all the forces acting
cm the box. (h) How would the diagram change if thc box were sliding down the plane? (r)
How would it change if the box were sliding up the plane after an initial shove?
4.8 m44. (II) Drag-race tires in contact with an asphalt surface
have a very high coefficient of static friction. Assuming a
constant acceleration and no slipping of tires, estimate the
coefficient of static friction needed for ii drag racer to
cover 1.0 km in 12 s. starting front rest.
45. (10 The coefficient of kinetic friction for a 22-kg bobsled on a track is 0.10. What
4 2.? kg kg
force is required to push it down a 6.0' incline and achieve a speed of 60 km/h at the
1,80 rn end of 75 rri?
46. (II) For the system of Fig. 4-32 (Example 4-20)
how large a mass would box A have to have to prevent p.
FIGURE 4-52 Problem 34.
any
35. (Ili) Suppose two boxes on a frictionless table arc motion fToril occurring.? Assume. , = 0.30.
connected by a heavy cord of mass C.0 kg. Calculate the 47. (01) A box is given a push so that it slides across the
acceleration of each hex and the tension at each end of floor. How far will it go, given that the coefficient of
the cord. using the free-body diagrams shown in Fig 4-53_ kinetic friction is 0.20 and the push imparts an initial
Assume F. = 40.0 N, and ignore sagging of the cord. speed of 4.0 rnis2
Compare your results to Example 4-12 and Fig. 4-22.

, -
+ ■ ■ • ■ ! , 1

(c)
E
DT FTR Cord v
rrrA =
F1.
?If= -..

10.0 kg
B.

12.0 kr
FIGURE 4-53 Problem 35. Free-body diagrams foritip two
c = 1.0 kg
boxes on it table connected by a heavy
cord. and being pulled to the right as in Fig. 4-22a. Vertical forces, F5 and Fe, . are not shown.

Pr ob l e m s 10 1
 48. (II) TWO craws, of mass 75 kg and 110 kg_ are in contact an average angle of 45" and is 45_00 long_ Estimate its s p e e d
a nd a t re st on a horizonta l surfa ce (F ig . 4-54) . A 620- N w he n i t r e a ch e s t he b ot lo m . As su m e = 0. 18 .
fo rce i s ex e rte d on the 75-k g cra te . if the coe fficie nt of 55. ( 10 A n I8 .0 - k g b ox is r e l e a se d o n a 3 7. 0 in cl i n e a nd
kinetic friction is 0_15. calculate (n) the acceleration of the a c c e l e r a t e s d o w n t h e i n c l i n e a t 0 . 2 7 0 I in d t he f r i c tion
sy ste i n, a nd (b ) the force tha t e a ch cra te ex e rts on the force imp eding its m otion. How la rge is the coe ffi cient of
other. (c) Repeat with the craws reversed, kinetic friction?
(TI) A small box is held in place against a rough wall by
someone pushing on it with a force directed upward at
620 N 28" above the horiwntal. The coefficients of static and
kinetic friction between the box and wall are 0.40 and
0_30, respectively_ The box slides down unless 1.h4.: applied
force has magnitude 13 N. What is the mass of the box?

5 7- ( 1 I ) P i l e s o f s n o w o n s l ip pe r y r o of s c a n b ec om e
da nge rous p roj ectile s as they melt, Conside r a chunk o f
snow at the ridge of a roof with a pitch of 3tr_ fa) What is
the minimum value of the coefficient of static friction that
FIGURE 4-54 Problem 48.
will keep the snow from sliding down? (b) As the snow
begins to melt, the coefficient of static friction decreases
V. (II) A flatbed truck is carrying a heavy crate. Thu coeffi- and the snow eventually slips. Assuming that the distance
ci e n t o f st a t ic fr ic ti on b e tw e e n th e cr a t e a nd th e b e d of from the chunk to the edge of the roof is 5_0 ni and the
the truck is 0.75. What is the maximum rate at which the
coefficient of kinetic friction is 0_20. calculate the speed of
driver can decelerate and still avoid having the crate slide
the snow chunk when it slides off the roof. (c) If the edge of
against the cab of the truck?
the roof is 10.0 in above ground, what is the speed of [he
5*. (GI) On an icy day, you worry about parking your car in snow when it hits the ground?
your driveway, which has an incline of 12". Your neighbor's
58. (111) (a) Show that the minimum stopping distance for an
drivcwav has an incline of 9_0".. and the driveway across automobile traveling at speed tr is equal to v 2 /244,g,
the street is at 6.0'. The coefficient of static friction where 12, is the coefficient of static friction between the
between tire rubber and ice is 0.15. Which driveway(s)
tires and the road, and g is the acceleration of gravity.
will be safe to park in?
(b) What is this distance for a 12timio-kg can traveling
51. (IF) A child slides down a slide with a 28' incline_ and at
95 kimih if p_, = ECM
the bottom her speed is precisely half what it would have
59. (III) A coffee cup on the dashboard of at car slides
been if the slide had been frictionless, Calculate the coef -
forwa rd on the da sh whe n the d rive r d e ce le ra te s fro m
ficient of kinetic friction between the slide and the child.
45 km/h to rest in 3.5 s car less, but not if he deceterates in
52. (II) Thu carton shown in Fig- 4-55 lies on a plane tilted at an a longer time. What is the coefficient of static friction
angle = 22.0 0 lo [ he horizonta l. with = 0.12, between the cup and the dash?
(a) Determine the acceleration of the carton as it slides
6U. (TIT) A small block of mass in is given an initial speed. up a
down the. plane. (b) if the carton starts from rest 9.30m ramp inclined at angle to the horizontal. It travels a distance
up the plane from its base, what will be the carton's speed d up the ramp and comes to rest- Determine a f o r m u l a f o r
when it reaches the bottom of the incline?
t h e c o e f f i c i e n t o f k i ne t i c f r i c t i o n b e t w e e n block and ramp_
v 61. (III) The 75-kg climber in Fig. 4-56 is supported in the
"chimney" by the friction forces exerted on his shoes and
back. The static coe ffi -
cie nts of friction betwe en
his shoes and the wall. and
between his back and the
wall, are 0_80 and 0_60,
respectively. What is the
minimum normal force he
must exert? Assume the
walls are vertical and that
0 friction force s a re both a t
a m a x i m u m . I gn o r e h is
grip on the rope.
FIGURE 4-55 Carton on inclined plane.
Probients 52. and 53.

53. (IT) A carton is given an initial speed of 3.11 mls up the

FIGURE 4-56
22.0w plane shown in Fig, 4-55. (a) How tar up the plane
Probtern
will it go? (h) How much time elapses before it returns to
its starting point? Ignore friction_
$4. OF) A roller coaster reachea the top of the steept- .st bill
with a speed of 6.0 km/h. I t then descends the hill, which is at

1 0 2 C HA P T ER 4 D yn a m ic s: N e wt on 's L a ws of Mo ti o n
62. OW Boxes are moved on a conveyor belt from where they 64. (Ill) (a) Suppose the coefficient of kinetic friction between m i
are filled to the packing station 11.0 m away. The belt is and the plane in Fig. 4-57 is = 0.15, and that
initially stat[C/lia7 and must finish with zero speed. The most ini = pri2 = 2.7 kg. As wo. 2 moves down, determine the
rapid transit is accomplished if [he belt accelerates for half magnitude of the acceleration of m1 and m2., given 8 = 25'1_
the distance. then decelerates for the: final half of the trip. if (b) What smallest value of Mk will keep this system from
the coefficient of static friction between a box and the belt is accelerating?
0.60, what is the minimum transit time for .ezich box? 65. (III) A bicyclist of mass 65 kg (including the bicycle) can
63. (111) A block{mass rn i ) lying on a frictionless inclined coast down a 611" hill at a steady speed of 6.0 km/h because
plane is connected to a mass m2 by El massless cord passing of air resistance. How much force must be applied to climb
over a pulley_ as shown in Fig. 4-57. (a) Determine a the hill at the same speed and same air resistance?
formula for the acceleration of the system of the two blocks
in terms of m1 m1, t and g. What conditions apply to
masses m j and m, for the acceleration to he in one direc-
tion (say. m 1 down ihe plane), or in the opposite direction?

I General Problems V. A 2.0-kg purse is dropped from the top of the Leaning
Tower of Pisa and falls 55m before reaching the
66. According to a simplified model of a mammalian heart, at ground with a speed of 29 mls. What was the average
each pulse approximately 20 g of blood is accelerated from force of air resistance?
0_25 m/s to 0_35 m/s during a period of 0.10 s. What is the 73. A cyclist is coasting at a steady speed of 12 mis but enters
magnitude of the force exerted lye the heart muscle? 3 muddy stretch where the effective coefficient of friction
67. A person has a reasonable chance of surviving an auto - is 0.60. Will the cyclist emerge from the muddy stretch
mobile crash if the deceleration is no more than FIGURE 30 4-57
ys." without having to pedal if the mud lasts for 11 m? If so,
Calculate the force on a 70-kg person undergoing Problemsthis63 what will be the speed upon emerging'?
acceleration. What distance is traveled if the andperson
64. is
74. A city planner is working on the redesign of a hilly
brought to rest at this rate from 100 km/h?
portion of a city. An important consideration is how steep
68. (a) if the horizontal acceleration produced by an earth -
the roads can be so that even low-powered cars can get
quake is a, and if an object is going to "hold its place" on
up the hills without slowing, down. A particular small car,
the around. show that the ci. -,effieient of static friction with
with a mass of 1100 kg. can accelerate on a level road
the ground must be at least = g. (b) The famous
from rest to 21 m/s (75 km/h) in 1411s_ tising these data,
Loma Prieta earthquake that stopped the I9ti9 World Serie-s
calculate the maximum steepness of a hill.
produced ground accelerations of up to 4.0 m/s2 in the San
Francisco Ray Area. Would a chair have started to slide on 75. Francesca, who Likes physics experiments, dangles her
watch from a thin piece of string while the jetliner she is in
a linoleum floor with coefficient of slalic friction 0.25?
takes off from JFK Airport (Fig. 4-58). She notices that
(0. An 1150-kg car pulls a 450-kg trailer_ The car exerts a hori- the string makes an angle of 25' with respect to the
zontal force of 3.S 1I) N against the ground in order to vertical as the aircraft accelerates for
accelerate. What force dues the car exert on the trailer? takeoff. which takes about 18 s. Esti-
Assume an effective friction coefficient of 0.15 for the trailer, mate the takeoff speed of the
70. Police investigators, examining the scene of an accident aircraft.
involving two cars, measure 72-n1-Tong skid marks of one
25'
of the cars, which nearly came to a stop before colliding.
The coefficient of kinetic friction between rubber and the
pavement is about 0_80_ Estimate the initial speed of that
car assuming a level road.
71. A car starts rolling down a l-in-4 hill (1-in-4 means that
for each 4 in traveled along the road, the elevation change
FIGURE 4-58
Problem 75.
is I m)_ How fast is it going when it reaches the bottom
after traveling 55 m? (a) Ignore friction. fb) Assume an
effective coe=fficient of friction equal to

General Problems 103

76. A 28.0-kg block is connected to an Linpty 1.35-kg bucket Es securely fastened to the seat of an automobile (Fig.
by a cord running over a frictionless pulley (Fig. 4-59). 4-61), Assume the automobile is involved in a head-on
The coefficient of static friction between the table and the collision with another vehicle. The initial speed op of the
block is 0.450 and the coefficient of kinetic friction car is 45 km/h, and this speed is reduced to zero
between the table and the block is 0.320. Sand is gradu - during, the collision time of 0.20 s Assume a
ally added to the buck -e( until the system just begins tip constant car deceleration during the collision and
move, (a) Calculate the mass of sand added to the bucket. estimate the net horizontal force P that the straps of the
(b) Calculate the acceleration of the system. restraint chair must exert on the child in order to keep
her fixed to the chair. Treat the child pis a particle and
2841 kg state any additional assumptions made during your
analysis.

T a l

FIGURE 4-59 Problem 76.

77. In the design of a supermarket, there are tc_} be several

ramps connecting different parts of the store. Customers FIGURE 4-51 Problem 80.
will have to push grocery carts up the ramps and it is
obviously desirable that this no[ be too difficult:the engi- 79. A 7650-kg helicopter accelerates upward at 0,80 m/s 2
neer has done a survey and found that almost no one while lifting a 1250-kg frame at a construction site. Fig. 4-62.
complains if the force directed up the ramp is no more than fa) What is the lift force exerted by the air on the heli-
2.0 N. Ignoring friction, at what maximum angled should the copter rotors? (15) What is the tension in the cable (ignore
ramps be built. assuming a full 30-kg grocery cart? its mass) that connects the frame to the helicopter?
(c) What force does the cable exert on the helicopter?
78. (a) What minimum force P is needed to lift the piano
(mass using the pulley apparatus shown in Fig. 4-60?
(ii) Determine the tension in each section of rape: Fri.
63. and P I- 4, In the design process for a child-restrain[
chair, an engineer considers the following set of
conditions: A 12-kg child is riding in the chair, which

Fril FT ru
FIGURE 4-62 Problem 81_
82. A super high-speed 12-car Italian train has a mass of 660 metric tons (660.000 kg). It can exert a maximum force of 400
14:N horizontally against the tracks, whereas at maximum velocity (300 km/h). it exerts a force of about 150 kN. Calculate (a)
its maximum acceleration. and (b• estimate the force of air resistance at top speed.
A 65-kg ice skater coasts with no effort for 75 in until she
stops. If the coefficient of kinetic friction between her
skates and the ice is = 0_l0_ how fast was she moving at
the start of her coast?
FIGURE 4-60
Probleill 78.
#3.
79, A jut aircraft is accelerating at 3.5 mis t at an angle of 45"
above the horizontal. What is the total force that the
cockpit seat exerts on the 75-kg pilot?

104 CHAPTER 4 Dynamics: Newton's Laws at Motion

#4. Two rock climber. Rill and Karen_ use safety ropes of # 6 . A n el ev a t o r i n a t a l l bu i l di n g i s a l l o w ed t o r ea c h a
s i m i l a r l e n g t h . K a r e n ' s r o p e i s inure e l a s t i c , c a l l e d a maximum speed of 3.5 going dawn. What must the
tlynanlk. p ope by clim bers. Bill has a valic r ope , not tension he in the cable to stop this elevator over a distance
recommended for safety purposes in pro climbing. Karen of 2.6m if the elevator has a mass of 1300 kg including
falls 1i - cell?' about 2.0 in and then the rope stops her over a occupants?
distance of 1.0 m (Fig. 1-63). (a) Estimate, assuming that
87, Two boxes, m1 = 1,0 kg with a coefficient of kinetic fric -
the force is constant, how larre a force she will feel from
tion of 0.10, and rte, = 2.0 kg with a coefficient of 0.2.0.
the ro p e . ( Exp re ss the re sult in m ultip le s of he r we ig ht.)
are placed oil a plane inclined at 0 = 30". ( a) What
h) In a si mi la r fall. Bill's rope stretches by 30 cm only.
acceleration does each box experience? (b) If a taut string
Ho w m a n y t i m e s h i s w e i g h t w i l l t h e r o p e p u l l a n h i m ?
is connected to the boxes (Fig. 4- ► )_ with mi initially
,

Which climber is more likely to be hurt?

farther down the dope, what is the acceleration of each
box? (c) if the initial configuration is reversed with m i
starting lower with a taut siring, what is the acceleration
of each box?

FIGURE 4-64 Problem 87.

88. A 75_0-kg person stands on a scale in an elevator_ What

does the scale read (in N and in kg) when the elevator is
(a) at rest, (J) ascending at a constant speed of 3,0 m/s,
(c) falling at 3,0 mis. (d) accelerating upward at 3.1) rn/S2.
(e') accelerating downward at 3.0 m,/ s2?

89. Three mountain climbers who are roped together are

FIGURE 4-63
ascending an icefield inclined at 21_0" to the horizontal.
Problem 84,
The last climber slip& pulling the second climber off his
feet. The first climber is able to hold them both, If each
$5. A fisherman in a boat is using a - 10-11.} test" fishing line.
climber has a mass of 7.5 kg, calculate the tension in each
This means that the line can exert a force of -15 N wichout
breaking (1 Ih = 4.45 N). (a) How heavy a fish can the of Lhe two sections of rope between the three climbers.
fisherman land if ho pulls the fish up vertically at constant Ignore friction between the ice and the fallen climbers.
speed? (b) If he accelerates the fish upward nE 2,0 tnis 2 ,
w ha t ma x i m um we ig ht fish ca n he la nd ? (c) Is it p ossib le
to land a 15-lb iTOLit on 10-lb test line"? Why or why not?

Answers to Exercises
A: (Li) The same; (h) the sports car (c) third law for part (a), C; No yes,
second law for part (Is). D Yes: nu.
B: 'I - he force applied by the person is insufficient to keep the
box moving.

General Problems 105