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Grammar Book

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Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States

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 impact
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Grammar Book

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Unit 1 Colour Matters 4
Comparatives and superlatives 6
The 8
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Unit 2 Feeling Good? 10
Adverbs 12
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Make + adjective 14
Unit 3 Your Virtual Self 16
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Modals 18
Must, might and can’t 20
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Unit 4 Underwater Mysteries 22

Used to and would 24
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Past simple 26
Unit 5 Life in the Extreme 28
Present perfect 30
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As … as 32
Unit 6 Are You Going to Eat That? 34
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Going to, will and present continuous 36

Conditionals 38
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Unit 7 Art in the Open 40

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Past simple vs. present perfect 42

Indefinite pronouns 44
Unit 8 Don’t Panic! 46
Past simple vs. past continuous 48
Present perfect vs. present
perfect continuous 50
Grammar boxes 52
Irregular verbs 55
3
 Unit 1 Colour Matters

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Comparatives
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and superlatives
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The
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 ng
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People celebrating Carnival in Rio de Janiero, Brazil

5
 Comparatives and superlatives: Comparing two
or more things

We use adjectives to describe nouns.

Purple is a popular colour.
We use the comparative form of the adjective to compare two people, animals or things. We often use

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the word than after the comparative form.
Black is darker than pink.

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To make the comparative form of adjectives with one syllable, we add the ending -er.
green greener

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When the adjective ends in:

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● -e, add -r.

white whiter
● -y, take off the -y and add -ier.

tasty tastier
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● a vowel + consonant, double the last consonant and add -er.
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red redder
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We use the word more with some two-syllable and with three-syllable (and longer) adjectives.
common more common
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popular more popular

Some adjectives are irregular and do not follow these rules.
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good better
bad worse
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We use the superlative form to compare and rank three or more people, animals or things.
Red is a more popular colour than green, but blue is the most popular colour in the world.
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To make the superlative form of adjectives with one syllable, we add the ending -est. We use the word the
before the adjective.
green the greenest
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When the adjective ends in:

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● -e, add -st.

blue bluest
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● -y, take off the -y and add -iest.

tasty tastiest
● a vowel + consonant, double the last consonant and add -est.

red reddest

6 UNIT 1
1 Complete the sentences with the comparative form of the adjective in brackets.
Example: Red grapes are sweeter than green grapes. (sweet)
1. A pumpkin chilli is than a raindrop chilli. (hot)
2. Brown bread is than white bread. (healthy)
3. Green, leafy vegetables are in iron than root vegetables. (rich)
4. I think home-cooked food is than fast food. (delicious)
5. Your diet is probably than mine. (varied)

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6. Vegetable oils are for you than butter. (good)
7. Blue food is than green food. (unusual)

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8. Dad’s cooking is than Mum’s! (bad)

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2 Complete the sentences with the superlative form of the adjective in brackets.

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Example: Meringues are the sweetest food I have ever tasted! (sweet)
1. A naga chilli is in the world. (hot)
2. Some people believe the Mediterranean diet is . (healthy)
3. My dad’s chocolate pudding is
c thing ever! (rich)
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4. I think my mum’s cooking is of all! (delicious)
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5. Lemons are fruit I have eaten. (sour)

6. Milk chocolate is good, but dark chocolate is ! (good)
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7. Blue foods are foods. (unusual)

8. My cooking is in our family. I burn everything! (bad)
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3 Complete the questions and sentences with the comparative or superlative.

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Example: Who eats the healthiest diet in your family? (healthy)

1. Who bakes cakes, you or your sister? (good)
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2. Do you eat your sister? (fast)

3. Which food is ? Dark chocolate or caramel? (sweet)
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4. A lot of people like coffee, but tea is drink in the UK. (popular)
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5. What is thing you have ever tasted? (delicious)

6. What was meal you ever had? (bad)
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7. I am even I was yesterday! (hungry)

8. In Asia, it is to eat rice than pasta. (common)

UNIT 1 7
 The: Identifying general and specific things

The is the definite article. We use it:

● with singular and plural countable nouns and with uncountable nouns.

The cup is green.

The cups are green.
The coffee in the cup is warm.

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● when we are talking about something specific.

The cup of coffee that you bought is on the counter.

● when we are talking about something which is unique.

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The best coffee shop is in the city centre. I go there when the sun is shining.

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● before the superlative form of adjectives and adverbs.

It is the tastiest coffee in town.

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● with the names of some things, places, people, etc. (typically: family names made plural, regions,

oceans, rivers, mountain ranges).

It comes from the foothills of the Andes in Colombia.
It is grown by the Ramón family.
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A/An is the indefinite article. We use it:
● when we are talking about something that is not specific.
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Can I have a sandwich, please?

● when we are talking about something for the first time.
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She’s a chef.
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1 Complete the sentences with the or a/an.

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Example: The colour gold is associated with wealth.

1. Red is colour in the Chinese flag.
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2. Paraná river is in South America.

3. Most people think green is colour of nature.
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4. There is blue butterfly in garden.

5. Blue is colour of the sea and the sky.
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6. Purple is interesting colour, often associated with royalty.

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7. Eight per cent of population is red–green colour blind.

8. green and orange vase is beautiful.

8 UNIT 1
2 Read. Circle the correct option.
Example: Every afternoon, he ate the / a chocolate bar.
1. The bird we can hear is in the / a tree above us.
2. The / A train left before I arrived at the station.
3. I live in the / an enormous house in the countryside.
4. We spend time in the / a city at weekends.
5. I saw you on the / a television last night!

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6. I have entered a competition to win the / a holiday.
7. After you told me about it, I entered the / a competition.

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8. Do you know what the / a time is?

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3 Are these sentences correct? Tick the correct sentences. Rewrite the incorrect sentences.
Example: The actor in a film was amazing!

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The actor in the film was amazing!
1. There is the shop at the end of the road.

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2. Orange is the warm colour.
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3. The grey seal is bigger than the common seal.

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4. You can have a green salad if you’re not hungry.

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5. Red is the colour that means different things to different people.

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6. Black is a mysterious colour.

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7. Strawberries are a tastiest fruit.

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8. A sea is blue.
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WRITING
Research and write five sentences on how different colours were used throughout history.
Use comparatives and superlatives.
Examples: Titian used the brightest blue colour in his paintings.
Roman emperors wore the most expensive purple cloaks.

UNIT 1 9
 Unit 2 Feeling Good?

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Adverbs
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Make + adjective
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 ng
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Girls on bikes in Mandalay, Myanmar

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 Adverbs: Saying how and how often you
do something

Adverbs describe how we do something. They also describe how often we do something.
People who don’t sleep well can get ill more easily.
If you sleep regularly, you’re usually able to pay more attention at school.

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To make adverbs, we usually add -ly to the adjective.
quick quickly

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When the adjective ends in:
● -y, we take off the -y and add -ily.

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easy easily
● -le, we take off the -e and add -y.

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simple simply
Some adverbs don’t end in -ly and have the same form as the adjective.
hard hard
fast fast c
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early early
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late late
Some adverbs don’t end in -ly and have a different form from the adjective.
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good well
Adverbs that describe how we do something usually go after the main verb.
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He goes to sleep quickly every evening.

When we want to talk about habits or we want to say how often something happens, we use adverbs of
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frequency.
0% 100%
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never rarely sometimes often always

Adverbs of frequency usually come before the main verb, unless the verb is be.
I often go to sleep late.
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I am usually tired at school.

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I always sleep more at weekends.

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12 UNIT 2
1 Complete the sentences with an adverb from the box.
badly carefully easily late often quickly rarely regularly well

Example: I rarely go to bed before midnight.

1. I slept very last night and feel great this morning.
2. He completed the test in time.
3. I watched as the boy picked up the injured bird.

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4. I arrived and the play had started.
5. The girls played and lost the match.

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6. If you take the medicine, you will get better .
7. It’s important to exercise .

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8. Jason goes to the library after school.

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2 Complete the second sentence so it has the same meaning as the first.
Example: It is a fast train. The train travels fast.
1. My sleep is good. I sleep
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2. My food is healthy. I eat .
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3. He was gentle when he touched the bird. He touched the bird .
4. My dad was very angry. He reacted .
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5. My test result was terrible. I did in the test.

6. My sister was calm during the storm. She behaved .
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7. My teacher was clear when she explained the topic. She explained the topic .
8. It isn’t usual for me to go to bed after midnight. I don’t go to bed after midnight.
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3 Use the prompts to write questions. Change the adjectives to adverbs.

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Example: your brother / sleep / good Does your brother sleep well?
1. he / go to bed / early
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2. why / your sister / sleep / bad

3. how / you / think / clear
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4. why / you / talk / loud

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5. why / you / eat / slow

6. when / we / learn / quick / in class
7. what / you / do / frequent
8. when / I / get up / easy

UNIT 2 13
 Make + adjective: Saying what affects mood
and feelings

The verb make + adjective is used with mood and feelings. We use it to describe how someone or a
group of people feels as a result of something else.
A lack of sleep makes you tired.

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Some viruses make us very ill.
Subject pronouns I you he/she/it we you they
Object pronouns me you him/her/it us you them

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1 Complete the sentences with make or makes and the object pronoun in brackets.

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Example: Exercise usually makes me feel good. (I)
1. Sleeping well makes us calmer. (we)
2. Being late makes her angry. (she)
3. Some viruses make you c very weak. (you)
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4. Medicine makes us feel better. (we)
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5. Exams make me nervous. (I)

6. Sunshine and rain grow quickly. (it)
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7. Mum says that a healthy diet more resistant to illness. (we)

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8. I do it to happy. (they)

2 Match the two halves to make complete sentences.

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1. Medicine usually a. makes me happy.

2. Lying in the sun can b. makes me nervous.
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3. Eating too much fast food can c. makes us feel better.

4. Watching my football team score d. make you feel hot.
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5. Speaking in front of a lot of people e. often makes people feel calmer.

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6. Really loud music can f. make you fat.

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7. A lovely, warm bath g. make your skin turn blue.

8. Very cold water can h. sometimes make my head hurt.

14 UNIT 2
3 Rewrite the sentences in the negative.
Example: Fast food makes me ill.
Fast food doesn’t make me ill.
1. A bad night’s sleep makes me happy.
doesn't make

2. Exercise makes us feel worse.

doesn't make

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3. My friends make me sad.
they don't makes

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4. My mum makes me wash my own clothes.

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5. My dad makes me play football when I’m tired.

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6. My brothers make me angry.

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7. Homework makes my friends stressed.
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8. Listening to music makes me feel sad.

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4 Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

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Example: Swimming in the sea makes me cold.

1. a virus makes me ill.
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2. Listering music makes me happy.

3. play makes me angry.
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4. makes me sad.
5. makes me tired.
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6. makes me laugh.
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7. makes me cry.
Present a project
8. makes me nervous.
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WRITING
Write three sentences saying how often people make you feel a certain way.
Example: My sister often makes me feel annoyed.

UNIT 2 15