ART APPRECIATION - Principles of art and design

(Balance, Rhythm, Harmony,

LESSON 1: WHAT IS ART? Unity)
Art is a conscious creation of something History of How Art is Defined
beautiful or meaningful using skill and
imagination. (Lisa Marder) - H.W Janson “We cannot escape
viewing works of art
Etymology
11th Century to 17th Century
- “ARS” meaning art, skill, or craft.
- First used from the 13th Century - art was anything done with skill as
manuscripts the result of knowledge and
- The word art and its many variants practice.
have existed since the founding of - Artists honed their craft, learning to
Rome. replicate their subjects skillfully.

Philosophy of Art During the Romantic Period of the 18th

Century.
Three Categories of the Definition of Art
- Nature was glorified, and spiritually
1. Art as representation: MIMESIS
and free expression were celebrated.
2. Art as expression of emotional content
3. Art as form Art Movements
Art as Representation: MIMESIS Avant-Garde Movement - Began in the
1850s with the realism of Gustave Courbet
- Plato - “MIMESIS” - copying or
imitation’. Modern Art Movements
- Gordon Graham writes, “It leads Cubism, Futurism, and Surrealism
people to place a high value on very Movements
lifelike portraits such as those by the
great masters and to raise questions - Represented innovative
about the value of modern art. approaches to art making
Art as Expression of Emotional Content
- artwork expressing a definite LESSON 2: BASIC ART CRITICISM
feeling.
FOUR STEPS IN ART CRITICISM
- Audience response was important for
the artwork was intended to evoke an 1. Description - Tell what you see
emotional response.
2. Analysis - most significant art principles
Art as Form that were used in the artwork

- Immanuel Kant - art should not 3. Interpretation - seeks to explain the

have a concept but should be meaning of the work
judged only on its formal 4. Judgement - personal evaluation
LESSON 3: ARTIST VS. ARTISAN - NATIONAL LIVING
TREASURES.
ARTIST
GAMABA AWARDEES AND THEIR
- person who performs any of the
WORK OF ART: 
creative arts.
- making visually pleasing work only 1. Ginaw Bilog – poet, master of ambahan
for the enjoyment and appreciation poetry
of the viewer, no functional value. 2. Federico Caballero - epic chanter, ten
epics
- produces or creates indirectly 3. Eduardo Mutuc - metal smith, religious
functional arts with aesthetic value and secular art
using imagination. 4. Teofilo Garcia - casque maker,
- a person who exhibits exceptional Tabunggaw hat
skills in design, painting, and the like 5. Masino Intaray - musician and
and works in one of the performing storyteller, mastery of Basal, Kulilal, and
arts. Bagil
- Painting, Sculptures, Drawing, 6. Samaon Sulaiman – musician, mastery
Literature (Writing), Music of kutyapi
(Singing), Dance. 7. Alonzo Saclag - musician and dancer,
- Famous Filipino Artist - Fernando Kalinga Folk Songs
Amorsolo 8. Uwang Ahadas – musician, master of the
Kwintangan, Kayu and Tuntungan
ARTISAN 9. Lang Dulay - textile weaver, weaver of
T'nalak or T'boli cloth
- skilled worker who makes things by 10. Salinta Monon - textile weaver, Inabal
hand. 11. Magdalena Gamayo - textile weaver,
- physical worker who makes not just Inabel cloth
attractive, but functional and useful 12. Darhata Sawabi - textile weaver, Pis
arts.. Syabit
- Clothing Designer and Weaver, 13. Haja Amina Appi - mat weaver, tabig,
Homeware Designer, Tile Maker, Sasa and Kima-kima
and Sculpture Maker
- All Artisans are artists. LESSON 4: SUBJECT AND CONTENT
OF ARTS
Subject - usually represented in the artwork,
GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG
what the image literally depicts
BAYAN AWARD (GAMABA)
Content - meaning, message, and/or feeling
- award that acknowledges folk and
imparted by a work of art
indigenous artists
- National Commission for Culture TWO KINDS OF ART AS TO SUBJECT
and the Arts (NCCA)
Representational Art
- Republic Act No. 7355
 - arts that depict objects commonly - art does not serve a utilitarian purpose.
recognized by people. Something
Personal Function
that is real.
- refers to an object that occurs in real- - art are varied and highly subjective.
world - Functions depends on the artist who
- also called Figurative art created the art.
Non-representational Art Social Function
- art is non-objective - Individuals and their society are
- it does represent real objects in our dynamically related.
world - seeks to influence the collective
- It is stripped down to visual elements behavior of people.
such as shapes, lines, and colors that - created to be seen or used primarily
can be translated to different in public situations.
emotions, feelings, or even a .
concept.
Physical Function
- created to perform some service have
THREE LEVELS OF MEANING
physical function
1. Factual Meaning - literal statement or
narrative content in the work
LESSON 6: MEDIUM AND
2. Conventional Meaning - special TECHNIQUE IN THE ARTS
meaning that the certain object or color has
Medium
3. Subjective Meaning - individual
- refers to the materials which are used by an
meaning deliberately and instinctively
artist to create works of art
expressed by the artist
- denotes the means by which an artist
communicates his idea.
LESSON 5: FUNCTIONS OF ART
- the plural form of it is media.
Functional Art
- it is very essential in the arts.
- " UTILITARIAN ART " refers to aesthetic
- the artist thinks, feels, and gives shape to
objects that serve utilitarian purposes.
his vision in terms of it.
- an artwork that is both attractive and
- when an artist chooses it, he believes he
practical.
can best express the idea he wants to
- attractive objects that have a functional convey.
purpose.
- As the artist chooses it for a given work, it
Non-Functional Art has an important bearing on how the work is
going to look.
- art only appreciated as a piece of art
Technique 4. Charcoal - made from burnt wood.
- manner in which the artist controls  Vine Charcoals –easy to blend and
the medium to achieve the desired erase
effect.  Compressed charcoal – made up of
- the way he manipulates his medium lose charcoal
to express his ideas in the artwork.
5. Pigment and Binder
TYPES OF TECHNIQUES IN
- Pigment - any of a group of compounds
CONTEMPORARY ART
that are intensely colored
1. Collage – a piece of art made by sticking
- Binder - material that holds together the
2. Decalcomania –transferring pictures and grains of pigment
designs from specially prepared (as to glass)
B. For Three-Dimensional Media
3. Decoupage – art of decorating surfaces
1. Wood - used it to build some of the
by applying cutouts of paper and then
world’s first structures and shelters, used to
coating
create functional objects
4. Frottage – techniques of creating a
2. Metal - a solid, hard, opaque material
design by rubbing
used by sculptors since ancient times. Art
5. Montage – production of a rapid using metal is called ‘metalwork’
succession of images
3. Stone - a hard material found in the
6. Trapunto – decorative quilted design, ground
stitch and padding
4. Clay - Earthly material
7. Digital Application – any application
5. Cement - Powdery substance
software
6. Glass - a hard-brittle substance that is
DIFFERENT CONTEMPORARY ART
transparent and translucent
TECHNIQUES AND PERFORMANCE
PRACTICES 7. Sand - composed of every tine, loose
particles of rock
I. Local Materials used as applied to
contemporary art 8. Food - local fruits, and vegetables are
used as means of artistic
A. For Two-Dimensional Media
1. Paper - organic material from the pulp of 9. Shell - (e.g., Capiz, Puka, Paua, Backlip,
wood Sigay, Troca)

2. Canvas - woven cloth usually of linen, 10. Fiber - used for making textiles or
hemp, or cotton fabrics

3. Wood - hardboard which is a board or II. Traditional techniques, styles, and

panel that is made from wood practices applied to contemporary
creation
A. Contemporary Painting LESSON 7: ELEMENTS AND
PRINCIPLES OF ART
1. The Style of Objective Accuracy
The Elements of Art
2. The Style of Formal Order
1. Line - mark made upon a surface
1. intellectual order – cubism uses in
analyzing and presenting the geometric 2. Shapes - areas of enclosed space
forms
3. Space - illusion of depth
Cubism – a technique where parts of
4. Value - lightness and darkness of areas.
the figures intertwine and overlap
5. Color - most prominent element of
2. biomorphic order - applicable to
design, most powerful and yet subjective
sculpture and architecture
elements in art
3. The Style of Emotion
6. Texture - way things feel, or look as if
4. The Style of Fantasy they might feel if touched
B. Contemporary Sculpture 7. Form - three-dimensional and encloses
volume
1. Modeling - created when a soft or
malleable material is built using an armature Principles of Design

2. Carving - involves cutting or chipping 1. Balance - distribution of the visual weight

away a shape of objects, colors, texture, and space.
2. Emphasis - catches the viewer's attention.
3. Casting - made through a material that is
poured and hardened in a mold 3. Pattern - repeating of an object or
symbol
4. Assembling - process of gathering and
putting together different materials 4. Repetition - works with pattern to make
the work of art seem active.
C. Installation Art - Uses the combination
of techniques in painting, and sculpture and 5. Proportion - feeling of unity created
different mediums when all parts relate well with each other.
D. Contemporary Performing Arts 6. Rhythm - one or more elements used
repeatedly to create a feeling of organized
1. Film
movement.
2. Performance Art
7. Variety - hold the viewer's attention and
3. Contemporary Dance - Performing art to guide the viewer's eye
the involves rhythmic body movement 8. Unity - feeling of harmony between all
4. Contemporary Philippine Music - use parts of the work of art
of new genres 9. Contrast – arrangement of opposite
elements
Sample Questions significant contributions only to the
indigenous arts of the country. FALSE
1. An _____ is someone who is engaged in
an activity related to creating art, practicing 13. He was known for ambahan, a poetic
the arts, or demonstrating an art. ARTIST literary form composed of seven syllable
lines used to convey messages through
2. _____ refers to the making of tangible or
metaphors and images. GINAW BILOG
intangible products as an expression of
creativity and imagination for purely 14. This function of art depends on the
aesthetic reasons. ART person or artist who created the art.
PERSONAL FUNCTION
3. An _____ is someone who produces crafts
which are meant for decoration and are 15. An art of representation, decoration and
designed to be practical or useful. creating beauty with paints: oil, cray pass,
ARTISAN water color, etc. PAINTINGS
4. Plato first developed the idea of art as 16. The art of carving figures from marble,
“_____” which in Greek means copying or wood, stone, etc. SCULPTURE
imitation. MIMESIS
17. A sketch, plan, picture or different
5. The term “art” is related to the Latin word designs with the use of pencil, technical pen,
“_____” meaning, art, skill, or craft. ARS etc. DRAWING
6. It takes an artist to make an art. TRUE 18. Which statement is not TRUE? Art is
NOT related to all subjects in the
7. It is referred to as the general meaning or
curriculum.
intention of the piece. It is the way to
manifest the message that the artist wants to 19. The art of making beautiful sounds by
say with his work. CONTENT putting melody, harmony, rhythm, tempo
and timbre with the use of voice or musical
8. It is the main focus object in the work of
instruments. MUSIC
art. SUBJECT
20. This function of art is the easiest to spot
9. Art serves this purpose when it bridges
and understand. PHYSICAL FUNCTION
connection among people. SOCIAL
FUNCTION 21. Which is TRUE about directly
functional art? It was made for a specific
10. What does GAMABA stands for?
purpose
GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN
22. Art that depicts or performs a social,
11. They give the highest awards for culture
political, or satirical condition and addresses
and arts, including the National Artist
aspects of collective life. SOCIAL
Award and GAMABA. NATIONAL
FUNCTION
COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND
THE ARTS 23. Art is not a product of man’s creativity,
imagination, and expression. FALSE
12. The National Artist of the Philippines
award is given to artists who have made
24. If an artwork is not a copy or imitation PROPORTION
of someone’s work, the artist used his/her RHYTHM
imagination. TRUE VARIETY
UNITY
25. Through imagination, one is able to craft
CONTRAST
something bold, something new and
something better in the hopes of creating
something that will stimulate change. TRUE
26. Expressing and describing emotions are
the same. FALSE
27. Poetry Performance uses emotional
words, musical and spatial values that go
beyond its literal meanings to narrate,
emphasize, argue or convince. TRUE
28. Through art, you cannot show their
innermost feelings. FALSE
29. The three (3) categories of the definition
of art are as follow EXCEPT. Art as Social
Change
30. – 33. List in order the steps in basic art
criticism.
DESCRIPTION
ANALYSIS
INTERPRETATION
JUDGEMENT

34. – 37. Name 4 elements of art.

LINE,
SHAPES
SPACE
VALUE
COLOR
TEXTURE
FORM
38. – 40. List 3 principles of design.
BALANCE
EMPHASIS
PATTERN
REPETITION