REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

DESIGN INFORMATION - FOUNDATION TYPE 1:

Designed concrete class C25/30

EN 1991-1-1: 2004,
Concrete strength, f ck = 25
Table 3.1
Characteristic strength of reinforcement, f yk = 410
Density of concrete, γGk = 25
EN1992-1-1
Considering structural class of S4
Section 4.4.1.2 (5)
EN1992-1-1
Exposure class of XC2
Table 4.1
EN1992-1-1
Concrete cover based on enviromental requirement = 25
Table 4.4N
Fire protection time = 90
DEP34.19.20.11
Section 4.1.4
Cover to main bars based on fire protection, = 50
Allowable soil bearing capacity for shallow foundation:

Geotechnical Survey Report At depth 2.00 m

For L'/B' = 1.0 and B' = 2.0, bearing capacity = 307.1

Hence, allowable soil bearing capacity 307.1

Fig. A: General Arrangement of Column Base

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

LOADING no
de
31
3

STAAD.PRO REACTION
LOAD (SLS)

STAAD.PRO REACTION
LOAD (STR)
 REFERENCE
STAAD.PRO REACTION CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
LOAD (STR)

STAAD.PRO REACTION
LOAD (STR/GEO)

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Considering Load Case 212 Node 44 - Maximum vertical Load (Service Condition)
Maximun Vertical service load, F sv = 467.55
Horizontal service load in the x direction, F sx = -19.91
Horizontal service load in the z - direction, F sz = 37.34
Bending Load in the x - direction, M sx = -9.17
Bending Load in the z - direction, M sz = 57.73

Considering Load Case 472 Node 44 - Maximum vertical Load (Structural Condition)
Maximun Vertical service load, F uv = 685.07
Horizontal service load in the x direction, F ux = -29.48
Horizontal service load in the z - direction, F uz = 54.337
Uplift load = 50.314
Bending Load in the x - direction, M ux = -13.07
Bending Load in the z - direction, M uz = 84.91

Considering Load Case 672 Node 44 - Maximum vertical Load (Geotechnical Condition)
Maximun Vertical service load, F uv = 559.02
Horizontal service load in the x direction, F ux = -24.74
Horizontal service load in the z - direction, F uz = 43.521
Bending Load in the x - direction, M ux = -9.87
Bending Load in the z - direction, M uz = 69.98

Base Plate Design

The Air Compressor Shelter Steel Support column section is HEA400
Geometric properties of HE400A

400

European standard steel book,

2004

FIGURE 3: Effective Stress Distribution at Base of Column

Depth of section, h = 390
Flange width of section, b = 300
Section flange thickness, tf = 19.00
Section web thickness, tw = 11.00
European standard steel book,
2004

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Root radius of section, r = 27
Second moment of area about the major axis, Ixx = 856
Second moment of area about the minor axis, Iyy = 4507
EN1992-1-1:2004
FRdu = Aco*fcd*(Ac1/Aco) 0.5
< 3.0fcdAco
section 6.7(2)

fcd = αccfck/γc
EN1992-1-1:2004
αcc = coefficient of long term effect on strength = 1
section 3.1.6 (1)
γc = partial safety factor for concrete = 1.5

fcd = αcc * fck/γc = 16.67

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

EN1992-1-1:2004
Bearing strength of concrete bed below base plate, FRd = 0.6*fcd 10.00
Section 10.9.5.2(2)

Required area, Areq = Aeff = Fuv/FRd 68507

Check Base Plate of dimension; 560 mm x 470 mm
Width of base plate, B = 560
Length of base plate, L = 470
A = Area of Base Plate = 560 mm x 470 mm = 263200
525 mm x 525 mm
Area of 560 mm x 470 mm base plate (263200 mm2) > Areq (68507 mm2)
Base Plate OK

Base Plate Thickness Required

EN1993-1-8:2004
Design bearing strength of the joint, fjd = βj FRdu/(beff*leff)
Sec 6.2.5 (7), Eq 6.6

FRdu = 3.0fcdAco = 3425325

where, Aco = Aeff

EN1993-1-8:2004
βj = 2/3 = 0.67
Section 6.2.5 (7)

(beff*leff) = Aeff = 68507

fjd = βj FRdu/(beff*leff) 33.50

Effective width for one flange, beff = 2c + tf =

EN1993-1-8:2004 Effective length for one flange, leff = b + 2c =
Fig 6.19 and Fig 6.4 Effective width for web, beff = 2c + tw =
Effective length for web, leff = hst - 2c -2tf =

Aeff = (2c + h)(2c + b) - (b - tw)(h - 2tf - 2c)

Aeff = (2c + 390)(2c + 300) - (300 - 11)(390 - 38 - 2c)
Aeff = (2c + 390)(2c + 300) - 289(352 - 2c)
Aeff = (4c2 + 600c + 780c + 117000) - (101728 - 578c)
Aeff = (4c2 + 1380c + 117000) - (101728 - 580c)
Aeff = 4c2 + 1960c + 15272 = 68507
Simplifying further we have, 4c2 + 1960c - 53235 = 0
c = -1960 + [19602 - (4x4x-53235)]0.5/(2x4)
c= 25.80
effective width for one flange, beff = 2c + tf = 70.60
EN1993-1-8:2004 effective length for one flange, leff = b + 2c = 351.60
Fig 6.19 and Fig 6.4 effective width for web, beff = 2c + tw = 62.60
effective length for web, leff = h - 2c - 2tf = 300.40
EN1993-1-8:2005
Sec 6.2.5 (4), Additional bearing width required; c = t (fy/3fjdγM0)0.5
Equa. 6.5

Steel plate design strength, fy = 275

EN1993-1-1:2005
γM0 = 1.00
Section 6.1

(fy/3fjdγM0)0.5 = 1.65

Required thickness of base plate, treq = c/ (fy/3fjdγM0)0.5 15.60

Thickness of column flange, Tf = 17.50

The thickness of column base plate should be greater than the flange thickness of the column

Provide 25 mm thick base plate > tf (17.50 mm) t(prov) = 25 mm

Hence, 560 mm x 470 mm x 25 mm plate is Ok

 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Bolts Selection
Bearing Resistance of Bolt Group

Check 10 No. 20 mm Ø Anchor bolts.

EN1993-1-8:2005, Design Bearing Resistance of one shear plane, Fb,Rd = k1αb*Fu*(dt/γM2)
Table 3.4. For end bolt, k1 = min[2.8e2/do - 1.7, 2.5]
Thickness of base plate, t = 25
γM2 = 1.25
Diameter of bolt, d = 20
Diameter of bolt hole, do = 22
Section 3.3.2
DEP34.19.20.31-Gen Edge and end distances, e1 and e2 = 6d = 120
September 2011
2.8e2/do - 1.7 = 13.57
2.8e2/do - 1.7 is greater than 2.5
EN1993-1-8:2005, k1 = 2.5
Table 3.4.
αb = min[αd, Fub/Fu or 1.0]
αd = e1/3do = 1.82
EN1993-1-8: 2005,
For Grade 8.8 bolts, fub = 800
Table 3.1.
EN1993-1-1: 2005,
Ultimate tensile strength of base plate, fu = 430
Table 3.1.

fub/fu = 1.86

αb = αd = 1.00

Fb,Rd = k1αb*Fu*(dt/γM2) = 430.00

Number of bolts, n = 10.00
Bearing Resistance of Bolts group = nFb,Rd = 4300.00
Maximum Horizontal Load ULS in z-direction, Fuz = VEd = 54.34
Since, nFb,Rd > VEd, bolts are OK in bearing Bolts OK in Bearing

Bolt Design for Shear

Check 10 No. 20 mm Ø Anchor bolts 20
Horizontal force to be resisted, Fuz = 54.34

EN 1993-1-8:2005 Shear capacity of bolts, Fv,Rd = smaller of F1,vbRd and F2,vbRd

Section 6.2.2 (7) F1,vbRd = (α*fub*Ab)/γM2

EN 1993-1-8:2005 For Grade 8.8 bolts, fub = 800

Table 3.1 For Grade 8.8 bolts, fyb = 640
Table 3.4 α= 0.6
Table 2.1 γM2 = 1.25
Effective Diameter (Excluding 3mm for shank) = Db = 17

Ab = Effective Area of bolts = πDb²/4 = 227

n = no. of bolts = 10
For 10 No. 20 mm bolts, F1,vbRd = n * (α*fub*Ab)/γM2 = 871.68
EN 1993-1-8:2005 F2,vbRd = (αb*fub*Ab)/γM2
Section 6.2.2 (7) αb = (0.44 - 0.0003*fyb)/γM2 0.20
For 10 No. 20 mm bolts, F2,vbRd = n*(αb*fub*Ab)/γM2 = 288.24
Shear capacity of 10 No 20 mm bolts, Fv,Rd = F2,vbRd = 288.24
Shear capacity of 10 No 20 mm bolts, Fv,Rd (230.59 kN) > Fuz (54.34 kN)
10 No. 20 mm Bolts provided OK 10 No. 20 mm bolts
 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Bolt Design for Tension
EN1993-1-8:2005 Design Tension Resistance of bolt, Ft,Rd = k2*Fub* As/γM2)
Table 3.4. k2 = 0.9
Recall, Ultimate Tensile strength of bolt, fub = 800
Tensile stress area, As = 245
γM2 = 1.25
Ft,Rd = k2*Fub* As/γM2) = 141.12
For 4 numbers of bolts in tension, 4*Ft,Rd = 564.48
Maximum Vertical Uplift Load ULS, Ful = 50.31
Uplift load due to moment force, Ful = Muz/s = 173.28
where, s is the centre to centre distance of extreme bolts = 490.00
Total uplift load, Ful = 223.59
Bolt tension capacity is greater than ultimate vertical uplift, therefore, bolt is okay in tension. Bolts OK in Tension

Bolt Design for Punching

EN1993-1-8:2005
Design Punching Resistance of bolt,Bp,Rd = (0.6* π * dm * tp * fu)/γM2
Table 3.4
where,
dm = min [nut dimension, distance across flat of bolt]
Bolt nut diameter = 35.00
Distance across flat of bolt = 30.00
dm = 30.00
tp = thickness of plate under bolt = 25.00
EN1993-1-8: 2005,
Ultimate tensile strength of base plate, fu = 430
Table 3.1.
π= 3.14
Design Punching Resistance of bolt,Bp,Rd = (0.6* π * dm * tp * fu)/γM2 = 486.38
Maximum Horizontal Load ULS in x direction, Fuz = 54.34
Punching bolt capacity is greater than ultimate horizontal load, therefore, bolt is OK in punching Bolt OK in Punching

Combined Shear & Tension Resistance of Bolts

EN1993-1-8:2005
(Fv.Ed/Fv.Rd) + (Ft.Ed/1.4Ft.Rd) < 1.0
Table 3.4
Shear Resistance Capacity of bolts Fv,Rd = 288.24
Tension Resistance Capacity of bolt, Ft,Rd = 564.48
Design Shear force, Fv,Ed = VEd = 54.34
Design Tensile force, Ft,Ed = P = 173.28
(Fv.Ed/Fv.Rd) + (Ft.Ed/1.4Ft.Rd) 0.41
Bolts OK in
(Fv.Ed/Fv.Rd) + (Ft.Ed/1.4Ft.Rd) < 1.0 is satisfied. Therefore, bolts are OK in combined tension and shear Combined Tension &
Shear

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

SIZING no
de
Section 3.3.2
31
DEP34.19.20.31-Gen Minimum Edge and End Distances, e 1 and e2 = 6d = 3
120
September 2011.
From the schematics above,
Assuming height of pedestal is 200 mm above grade level
Height of pedestal, Hp = 1800
Length of pedestal cross section, L p= 730
Width of pedestal cross section, B p = 640
D = thickness of pad footing = 400
Assuming diameter of main bars, Ø = 20
Lever arm for moments, ℓ a
ℓa = D = 1.80
Length of pedestal cross section, L p= 730
Width of pedestal cross section, B p = 640
Cross sectional Area of pedestal concrete, A c = Lp*Bp 467200
Clear height between restraints, ℓ o = 1800
EN 1992-1-1:2004
Effective length, ℓ e = β*ℓo = 2*ℓo
Section 12.6.5.1

EN1992-1-1:2004 Section
β= 2
12.6.5.1
 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
ℓe = 3.6
EN 1992-1-1:2004
slenderness: ℓ e/r 17.08
Section 12.6.5.1
where,
r = radius of gyration of the pedestal = (I/A) 1/2 0.21
I = second moment of area of pedestal = (B p*Lp3)/12 0.021

EN1992-1-1 :2004 Section5.8.3.1 Limiting slenderness, λlim = 20.A.B.C/√n, where, A=0.7, B=1.1, C=0.7 44.512

where, n = NEd/Ac*Fcd = 0.058653

NEd = Fdesign = 685.07
Actual slenderness < Limiting slenderness; Pedestal is not slender Slenderness OK

Reinforcement Steel
Node 82, LC 105 (ULS) Maximum Axial Load, Nult = Fdesign 685.07
Pedestal Dimensions:
Height of pedestal from top of foundation base, H p = 1800
Width of pedestal cross section, B p = 730
Length of pedestal cross section, L p= 640

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

BS EN 1990
Partial safety factor for permanent action = 1.35
Table A1.2
Add weight of pedestal (ULS) = (1.80 x 0.73 x 0.64 x 25) x 1.35 = 28.38
Total design load, NEd = Nult + Weight of pedestal = 713.45
Lever arm to the base of the pedestal, ℓ a = 1800
Moment in the x - direction, M x = -13.07
Moment in the z - direction, M z = 84.91
Increased moment in one direction (z-direction), M' z
Given, M'x = Mx + ((β*h/b) * Mx), where Mx/b > Mz/h
where,
b = width of pedestal, Bp = 730
h = length of pedestal, Lp = 730
Mx/b = -17.91
Mz/h = 116.31
Mz/h < Mx/b, is satisfied
β = Ned/(bh*fck) = 0.0536
M'x = Mx + ((β*h/b) * Mx) = 84.21
From, M'z/(bh2*fck)
M'z/(bh2*fck) = 0.00087
Also,
N/bh*fck = 0.05355
From column chart
d2 = 50.00
d2/h = 0.07
use chart d2/h = 0.05

Fig.9.8, Reinforced Concrete

Design to EC2. Bill Mosley, John As*fyk/(bh*fck) = 0.02
Bungey, Ray Hulse. 6th Edition

As = 0.03*b*h*f ck/fyk = 649.88

EN1992-1-1:2004, Sec 9.5.2 (2),
Asmin = 0.002*Ac = 934.40
9.12N
EN 1992-1-1:2005 section 9.5.2
Max. Area of steel = 4%bd = 18688
(3)
Provide 12 T20 (Asprov = 3770.4 mm²)
12 T20 bars with T10
Provide T10 @175 mm c/c as links @ 175 mm c/c links

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Concrete Base Design
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Try 2000 mm wide x 2000 mm long x 400 mm thick base (Typical)

Length of concrete base, Lb = 2000

Width of concrete base, Bb = 2000

Thickness of concrete base, H b = 400

Height of earth on base, H e = 1600

Concrete density, γGk = 25

Density of soil, γs = 19.1

Weight of Pedestals at SLS, W sp = (Lp x Bp x Hp x γGk) = 21.02

Weight of Concrete Base at SLS, W sb = Lb x Bb x Hb x γGk = 40.00

Weight of backfill on Base at SLS, W s.bac = [(Lb * Bb) - (Lp*Bp)]*He * γs = 107.96

Design Load, (ULS-GEO) = 559.02

Total Design Load, Ns = 728.01

Foundation Base Bearing Pressures

Moment in the x - direction, M x.ullt.geo + (Fgz * l)= 85.88

Moment in the z - direction, (M z.ult.geo + (Fgx * l)= 15.55

Max. pressure, P1 = Ns/BbLb + 6Mx.ser)/BbLb + 6Mz.ser/Bb Lb =

2 2
258.08

Min. pressure, P2 = Ns/BbLb - 6Mx.ser)/BbLb2 - 6Mz.ser/LbBb2 = 105.93

Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity at 2.0 m depth = 307.1

Pressure unity ratio = 0.84

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Allowable Bearing Capacity > Max. Foundation Pressure; Bearing Capacity OK Bearing Pressure OK

Foundation Base Reinforcement Design

Thickness of Concrete Base, Hb = 400
Assume reinforcement diameter = Ø = 25
Effective depth, d = Hb - c - Ø/2 338
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

At ULS, (Design Approach 1: Load Combination 1 = A1 + M1 + R1)

Partial factor for permanent load (unfavorable) A1, γ G = 1.35

Table A.3
Partial factor for permanent load (favourable) A1, γ G = 1.00
EN1997-1:2005
Partial factor for variable load (unfavorable), A1, γ Q = 1.50

Partial factor for variable load (favorable), A1, γ Q = 1.00

Table A.4
Partial factor for permanent soil load (weight density), M1, γ γ= 1.00
EN1997-1:2005
Length of concrete base, Lb = 2000

Width of concrete base, Bb = 2000

Thickness of concrete base, H b = 400

Height of earth on base from ground level, H e = 1600

Concrete Density, γGK = 25

Density of soil, γs = 19.1

Weight of Concrete Base at ULS, W ub = Lb x Bb x Hb x γGK x 1.35 = 54.00

Weight of pedestal, Wup = (Lp x Bp x Hp x γGK x 1.35) = 28.38

Weight of backfill on Base, W u.bac = (Lb * Bb) - (Lp*Bp)*He * γs)*1.00 = 107.96

Design Load, (ULS) = 1.35F dw + 1.5 * Fwater =

Total ultimate Axial load, N u = Wup + Wub + Wu.bac + Fvu = 875.41

Bearing Pressures

Nu = Total ultimate axial load

Bb = Width of concrete base

Lb = Length of concrete base

Ultimate Moment in the x - direction, M x.uls (Fuz * l)= 106.47

Ultimate Moment in the z - direction, M z.uls + (Fux * l)= 20.05

Max. pressure, P3 = Nu/BbLb - 6Mux/BbLb2 - 6Muz./LbBb2 = 313.75

Min. pressure, P4 = Nu/BbLb + 6Mux/BbLb2 + 6Muz./LbBb2 = 123.96

Maximum Transverse Moments

The maximum load, P3 will be assumed to be uniform conservatively.

Maximum pressure below base, P rmax = P3 313.75

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Fig. C: Stress Distribution at the Base of Foundation
M = nℓ2/2
Take ℓ = length from edge of column base to face of column
ℓ = Bb/2 - Bp/2 0.635
Moment, M = 313.75 x 0.635²/2 = 63.25

Shear in Transverse direction

VED = nℓ 398.46

Longitudinal reinforcement
1m width of base slab, b = 1000
Design for maximum moment M = 63.25
K= M/bd2fck = 0.022
z = {0.5 + √(0.25 - K/0.9)}d ≤ 0.95d
where, ℓa = 0.5 + √(0.25 - K/0.9) = 0.97
z = 0.95d = 321

As req = M/ 0.87fydz = 553.0

Check minimum area of steel required

EN1992-1-1: 2004
As,min = minimum area of reinforcement = 0.26(f ctm/fyk)bh which is greater than or equal to 0.0013hb
Section 9.2.1(1)

Table 3.1 For Grade 25 concrete, f ctm = 2.60

Characteristic strength of reinforcement, f yk = 410

Overall depth of slab, h = 400
0.26(fctm/fyk)bh = 660
0.0013hb = 520
0.26(fctm/fyk)bh is greater than 0.0013hb =
EN1992-1-1: 2004
As,min = minimum area of reinforcement = 0.26(f ctm/fyk)bh = 660
Section 9.2.1(1)
EN1992-1-1: 2004
As,max = maximum area of reinforcement = 4% * bh = 16000
Section 9.2.1(3)
Provide T16 bars @ 150 mm c/c (As prov = 1340 mm /m) as main reinforcement (Bottom)
²
1340

Transverse reinforcement
EN 1992-1-1:2004 9.2.1.1(1) ,
As,min = minimum area of reinforcement = 0.26(f ctm/fyk)bh = 660
9.1N
Provide T12 bars @ 150 mm c/c (As prov = 754 mm /m) as transverse reinforcement (Top)
²
754

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Check for Punching

Fig. D: Critical Perimeter for Punching Shear

EN 1992-1-1:2004,
Critical section for punching shear check
Section 6.4.2
 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Distance from edge of concrete base to column face, a = (L b - Bp)/2 = 680

Reinforced concrete design, Critical Perimeter, P cr = 2.0*d = 675

Mosley & Bungey; Pg 288
Punching to be
a > 2.0*d (Critical Perimeter falls within the base width)
checked

Check for Punching Shear

Critical Perimeter, P cr = column perimeter + 4πd

Pcr = (2*600 + 2*600) + 4πd 6981.15

Area within perimeter, Acr = (600 + 4d)*(600 + 4d) - (4 - π)(2.0d) 2 = 3748088.153

Punching shear force, V Ed = p1 * (Area of base - Acr) = 31.23

OUTPUT

N/mm2

N/mm2
kN/m3

mm

minutes

mm

kN/m2

kN/m2

OUTPUT
OUTPUT

OUTPUT

kN
kN
kN
kNm
kNm

kN
kN
kN
kN
kNm
kNm

kN
kN
kN
kNm
kNm

mm
mm
mm
mm
 OUTPUT
mm
cm4
cm4

N/mm2

OUTPUT

N/mm2

mm2

mm
mm
mm2
525 mm x 525 mm
Base Plate OK

mm2

N/mm2

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

N/mm2

mm

mm

t(prov) = 25 mm
 OUTPUT
OUTPUT

mm

mm
mm

mm

N/mm2

N/mm2

kN
Nos.
kN
kN
Bolts OK in Bearing

mm
kN

N/mm2
N/mm2

mm

mm2

No.
kN

kN
kN

10 No. 20 mm bolts
 OUTPUT
OUTPUT

N/mm2
mm

kN
kN
kN
kN
mm
kN
Bolts OK in Tension

mm
mm
mm
mm

N/mm2

kN
kN
Bolt OK in Punching

kN
kN
kN
kN

Bolts OK in
Combined Tension &
Shear

OUTPUT

mm

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

m
mm
mm
mm2
mm
 OUTPUT
m

m
m4

kN
Slenderness OK

kN

mm
mm
mm

OUTPUT

kN
kN
mm
kNm
kNm

mm
mm
kNm
kNm

kNm

mm

mm2

mm2

mm2

12 T20 bars with T10

@ 175 mm c/c links

OUTPUT
OUTPUT

mm

mm

mm

mm

kN/m3

kN/m3

kN

kN

kN

kN

kN

kNm

kNm

kN/m2

kN/m2

kN/m2
 OUTPUT
Bearing Pressure OK

mm
mm
mm
OUTPUT

mm

mm

mm

mm

kN/m3

kN/m3

kN

kN

kN

kN

kNm

kNm

kN/m2

kN/m2

kN/m2

OUTPUT
OUTPUT

m
kNm

kN

mm
kNm

mm

mm2

N/mm2
N/mm2
mm
mm
mm2

mm2/m

mm2/m

mm2

mm2

mm2

OUTPUT
 OUTPUT
mm

mm

Punching to be
checked

mm

mm2

kN
 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
DESIGN INFORMATION:

Designed concrete class C25/30

EN 1991-1-1: 2004,
Concrete strength, f ck = 25
Table 3.1
Characteristic strength of reinforcement, f yk = 410
Density of concrete, γGk = 25
EN1992-1-1
Considering structural class of S4
Section 4.4.1.2 (5)
EN1992-1-1
Exposure class of XC2
Table 4.1
EN1992-1-1
Concrete cover based on enviromental requirement = 25
Table 4.4N
Fire protection time = 90
DEP34.19.20.11
Section 4.1.4
Cover to main bars based on fire protection, = 50
Allowable soil bearing capacity for shallow foundation:

Geotechnical Survey Report At depth 2.00 m

For L'/B' = 1.0 and B' = 2.0, bearing capacity = 307.1

Hence, allowable soil bearing capacity 307.1

Fig. A: General Arrangement of Column Base

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

After Cooler Outline Drawing B-

65.469_B
 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Fig. B: Foundation Geometry

LOADING BASED ON MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENT
no
de
31
3

STAAD.PRO REACTION
LOAD (SLS)

STAAD.PRO REACTION
LOAD (STR)

STAAD.PRO REACTION
LOAD (STR/GEO)

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Considering Load Case 113 Node 13 - Maximum vertical Load (Service Condition)
Maximun Vertical service load, F sv = 70.64
Horizontal service load in the x direction, F sx = -31.13
Horizontal service load in the z - direction, F sz = -0.205
Bending Load in the x - direction, M sx = -0.58
Bending Load in the z - direction, M sz = 124.27
 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Considering Load Case 313 Node 13 - Maximum vertical Load (Structural Condition)
Maximun Vertical service load, F uv = 100.01
Horizontal service load in the x direction, F ux = -47.41
Horizontal service load in the z - direction, F uz = -0.102
Uplift load = -54.869
Bending Load in the x - direction, M ux = -0.91
Bending Load in the z - direction, M uz = 188.20

Considering Load Case 513 Node 13 - Maximum vertical Load (Geotechnical Condition)
Maximun Vertical service load, F uv = 73.96
Horizontal service load in the x direction, F ux = -42.60
Horizontal service load in the z - direction, F uz = 0.348
Bending Load in the x - direction, M ux = -0.88
Bending Load in the z - direction, M uz = 166.93

Base Plate Design

The Air Compressor Shelter Steel Support column section is HEA360
Geometric properties of HE360A

360

European standard steel book,

2004

FIGURE 3: Effective Stress Distribution at Base of Column

Depth of section, h = 350
Flange width of section, b = 300
Section flange thickness, tf = 17.50
Section web thickness, tw = 10.00
Root radius of section, r = 27
Second moment of area about the major axis, Ixx = 33090
Second moment of area about the minor axis, Iyy = 15220
EN1992-1-1:2004
FRdu = Aco*fcd*(Ac1/Aco)0.5 < 3.0fcdAco
section 6.7(2)

fcd = αccfck/γc
EN1992-1-1:2004
αcc = coefficient of long term effect on strength = 1
section 3.1.6 (1)
γc = partial safety factor for concrete = 1.5

fcd = αcc * fck/γc = 16.67

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

EN1992-1-1:2004
Bearing strength of concrete bed below base plate, FRd = 0.6*fcd 10.00
Section 10.9.5.2(2)

Required area, Areq = Aeff = Fuv/FRd 10001

Check Base Plate of dimension; 525 mm x 525 mm
Width of base plate, B = 525
Length of base plate, L = 525
A = Area of Base Plate = 525 mm x 525 mm = 275625
525 mm x 525 mm
Area of 525 mm x 525 mm base plate (275625 mm2) > Areq (68507 mm2)
Base Plate OK

Base Plate Thickness Required

EN1993-1-8:2004
Design bearing strength of the joint, fjd = βj FRdu/(beff*leff)
Sec 6.2.5 (7), Eq 6.6

FRdu = 3.0fcdAco = 500035

where, Aco = Aeff

EN1993-1-8:2004
βj = 2/3 = 0.67
Section 6.2.5 (7)

(beff*leff) = Aeff = 10001

fjd = βj FRdu/(beff*leff) 33.50

Effective width for one flange, beff = 2c + tf =

EN1993-1-8:2004
Fig 6.19 and Fig 6.4
 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
EN1993-1-8:2004 Effective length for one flange, leff = b + 2c =
Fig 6.19 and Fig 6.4 Effective width for web, beff = 2c + tw =
Effective length for web, leff = hst - 2c -2tf =

Aeff = (2c + h)(2c + b) - (b - tw)(h - 2tf - 2c)

Aeff = (2c + 350)(2c + 300) - (300 - 10)(350 - 35 - 2c)
Aeff = (2c + 350)(2c + 300) - 290(315 - 2c)
Aeff = (4c2 + 600c + 700c + 105000) - (91350 - 580c)
Aeff = (4c2 + 1300c + 105000) - (91350 - 580c)
Aeff = 4c2 + 1880c + 13650 = 68507
Simplifying further we have, 4c2 + 1880c - 54857 = 0
c = -1880 + [18802 - (4x4x-54857)]0.5/(2x4)
c= 27.56
effective width for one flange, beff = 2c + tf = 72.63
EN1993-1-8:2004 effective length for one flange, leff = b + 2c = 355.13
Fig 6.19 and Fig 6.4 effective width for web, beff = 2c + tw = 65.13
effective length for web, leff = h - 2c - 2tf = 259.87
EN1993-1-8:2005
Sec 6.2.5 (4), Additional bearing width required; c = t (fy/3fjdγM0)0.5
Equa. 6.5

Steel plate design strength, fy = 275

EN1993-1-1:2005
γM0 = 1.00
Section 6.1
(fy/3fjdγM0)0.5 = 1.65

Required thickness of base plate, treq = c/ (fy/3fjdγM0)0.5 16.66

Thickness of column flange, Tf = 17.50

The thickness of column base plate should be greater than the flange thickness of the column

Provide 25 mm thick base plate > tf (17.50 mm) t(prov) = 25 mm

Hence, 525 mm x 525 mm x 25 mm plate is Ok

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Bolts Selection
Bearing Resistance of Bolt Group
Check 8 No. 20 mm Ø Anchor bolts.
EN1993-1-8:2005, Design Bearing Resistance of one shear plane, Fb,Rd = k1αb*Fu*(dt/γM2)
Table 3.4. For end bolt, k1 = min[2.8e2/do - 1.7, 2.5]
Thickness of base plate, t = 25
γM2 = 1.25
Diameter of bolt, d = 20
Diameter of bolt hole, do = 22
Section 3.3.2
DEP34.19.20.31-Gen Edge and end distances, e1 and e2 = 6d = 120
September 2011
2.8e2/do - 1.7 = 13.57
2.8e2/do - 1.7 is greater than 2.5
EN1993-1-8:2005, k1 = 2.5
Table 3.4.
αb = min[αd, Fub/Fu or 1.0]
αd = e1/3do = 1.82
EN1993-1-8: 2005,
For Grade 8.8 bolts, fub = 800
Table 3.1.
EN1993-1-1: 2005,
Ultimate tensile strength of base plate, fu = 430
Table 3.1.

fub/fu = 1.86

αb = αd = 1.00

Fb,Rd = k1αb*Fu*(dt/γM2) = 430.00

Number of bolts, n = 8.00
Bearing Resistance of Bolts group = nFb,Rd = 3440.00
Maximum Horizontal Load ULS in z-direction, Fuz = VEd = -0.10
Since, nFb,Rd > VEd, bolts are OK in bearing Bolts OK in Bearing

Bolt Design for Shear

Check 8 No. 20 mm Ø Anchor bolts 20
Horizontal force to be resisted, Fuz = -0.10

EN 1993-1-8:2005 Shear capacity of bolts, Fv,Rd = smaller of F1,vbRd and F2,vbRd

Section 6.2.2 (7) F1,vbRd = (α*fub*Ab)/γM2

EN 1993-1-8:2005 For Grade 8.8 bolts, fub = 800

Table 3.1
 REFERENCE
EN 1993-1-8:2005 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Table 3.1 For Grade 8.8 bolts, fyb = 640
Table 3.4 α= 0.6
Table 2.1 γM2 = 1.25
Effective Diameter (Excluding 3mm for shank) = Db = 17

Ab = Effective Area of bolts = πDb²/4 = 227

n = no. of bolts = 8
For 8 No. 20 mm bolts, F1,vbRd = n * (α*fub*Ab)/γM2 = 697.34
EN 1993-1-8:2005 F2,vbRd = (αb*fub*Ab)/γM2
Section 6.2.2 (7) αb = (0.44 - 0.0003*fyb)/γM2 0.20
For 8 No. 20 mm bolts, F2,vbRd = n*(αb*fub*Ab)/γM2 = 230.59
Shear capacity of 8 No 20 mm bolts, Fv,Rd = F2,vbRd = 230.59
Shear capacity of 8 No 20 mm bolts, Fv,Rd (230.59 kN) > Fuz (54.34 kN)
8 No. 20 mm Bolts provided OK 8 No. 20 mm bolts
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Bolt Design for Tension
EN1993-1-8:2005 Design Tension Resistance of bolt, Ft,Rd = k2*Fub* As/γM2)
Table 3.4. k2 = 0.9
Recall, Ultimate Tensile strength of bolt, fub = 800
Tensile stress area, As = 245
γM2 = 1.25
Ft,Rd = k2*Fub* As/γM2) = 141.12
For 5 numbers of bolts in tension, 5*Ft,Rd = 705.60
Maximum Vertical Uplift Load ULS, Ful = -54.87
Uplift load due to moment force, Ful = Muz/s = 418.23
where, s is the centre to centre distance of extreme bolts
Total uplift load, Ful = 363.36
Bolt tension capacity is greater than ultimate vertical uplift, therefore, bolt is okay in tension. Bolts OK in Tension

Bolt Design for Punching

EN1993-1-8:2005
Design Punching Resistance of bolt,Bp,Rd = (0.6* π * dm * tp * fu)/γM2
Table 3.4
where,
dm = min [nut dimension, distance across flat of bolt]
Bolt nut diameter = 35.00
Distance across flat of bolt = 30.00
dm = 30.00
tp = thickness of plate under bolt = 25.00
EN1993-1-8: 2005,
Ultimate tensile strength of base plate, fu = 430
Table 3.1.
π= 3.14
Design Punching Resistance of bolt,Bp,Rd = (0.6* π * dm * tp * fu)/γM2 = 486.38
Maximum Horizontal Load ULS in x direction, Fuz = -0.10
Punching bolt capacity is greater than ultimate horizontal load, therefore, bolt is OK in punching Bolt OK in Punching

Combined Shear & Tension Resistance of Bolts

EN1993-1-8:2005
(Fv.Ed/Fv.Rd) + (Ft.Ed/1.4Ft.Rd) < 1.0
Table 3.4
Shear Resistance Capacity of bolts Fv,Rd = 230.59
Tension Resistance Capacity of bolt, Ft,Rd = 705.60
Design Shear force, Fv,Ed = VEd = -0.10
Design Tensile force, Ft,Ed = P = 418.23
(Fv.Ed/Fv.Rd) + (Ft.Ed/1.4Ft.Rd) 0.42
Bolts OK in
(Fv.Ed/Fv.Rd) + (Ft.Ed/1.4Ft.Rd) < 1.0 is satisfied. Therefore, bolts are OK in combined tension and shear Combined Tension &
Shear

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

SIZING no
Section 3.3.2 de
31
DEP34.19.20.31-Gen Minimum Edge and End Distances, e 1 and e2 = 6d = 3
120
September 2011.
From the schematics above,
Assuming height of pedestal is 200 mm above grade level
Height of pedestal, Hp = 1800
Length of pedestal cross section, L p= 730
Width of pedestal cross section, B p = 640
 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
D = thickness of pad footing = 400
Assuming diameter of main bars, Ø = 20
Lever arm for moments, ℓ a
ℓa = D = 1.80
Length of pedestal cross section, L p= 730
Width of pedestal cross section, B p = 640
Cross sectional Area of pedestal concrete, A c = Lp*Bp 467200
Clear height between restraints, ℓ o = 1800
EN 1992-1-1:2004
Effective length, ℓ e = β*ℓo = 2*ℓo
Section 12.6.5.1

EN1992-1-1:2004 Section
β= 2
12.6.5.1

ℓe = 3.6
EN 1992-1-1:2004
slenderness: ℓ e/r 17.08
Section 12.6.5.1
where,
r = radius of gyration of the pedestal = (I/A) 1/2 0.21
I = second moment of area of pedestal = (B p*Lp3)/12 0.021

EN1992-1-1 :2004 Section5.8.3.1 Limiting slenderness, λlim = 20.A.B.C/√n, where, A=0.7, B=1.1, C=0.7 116.500

where, n = NEd/Ac*Fcd = 0.008562

NEd = Fdesign = 100.01
Actual slenderness < Limiting slenderness; Pedestal is not slender Slenderness OK

Reinforcement Steel
Node 82, LC 105 (ULS) Maximum Axial Load, Nult = Fdesign 100.01
Pedestal Dimensions:
Height of pedestal from top of foundation base, H p = 1800
Width of pedestal cross section, B p = 730
Length of pedestal cross section, L p= 640

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

BS EN 1990
Partial safety factor for permanent action = 1.35
Table A1.2
Add weight of pedestal (ULS) = (1.80 x 0.73 x 0.64 x 25) x 1.35 = 28.38
Total design load, NEd = Nult + Weight of pedestal = 128.39
Lever arm to the base of the pedestal, ℓ a = 1800
Moment in the x - direction, M x = -0.91
Moment in the z - direction, M z = 188.20
Increased moment in one direction (z-direction), M' z
Given, M'x = Mx + ((β*h/b) * Mx), where Mx/b > Mz/h
where,
b = width of pedestal, Bp = 730
h = length of pedestal, Lp = 730
Mx/b = -1.25
Mz/h = 257.81
Mz/h < Mx/b, is satisfied
β = Ned/(bh*fck) = 0.0096
M'x = Mx + ((β*h/b) * Mx) = 188.19
From, M'z/(bh2*fck)
M'z/(bh2*fck) = 0.00194
Also,
N/bh*fck = 0.00964
From column chart
d2 = 50.00
d2/h = 0.07
use chart d2/h = 0.05
 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Fig.9.8, Reinforced Concrete

Design to EC2. Bill Mosley, John As*fyk/(bh*fck) = 0.02
Bungey, Ray Hulse. 6th Edition

As = 0.03*b*h*f ck/fyk = 649.88

EN1992-1-1:2004, Sec 9.5.2 (2),
Asmin = 0.002*Ac = 934.40
9.12N
EN 1992-1-1:2005 section 9.5.2
Max. Area of steel = 4%bd = 18688
(3)
Provide 12 T20 (Asprov = 3770.4 mm²)
12 T20 bars with T10
Provide T10 @175 mm c/c as links @ 175 mm c/c links

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Concrete Base Design
Try 2000 mm wide x 2000 mm long x 400 mm thick base (Typical)

Length of concrete base, Lb = 2000

Width of concrete base, Bb = 2000

Thickness of concrete base, H b = 400

Height of earth on base, H e = 1600

Concrete density, γGk = 25

Density of soil, γs = 19.1

Weight of Pedestals at SLS, W sp = (Lp x Bp x Hp x γGk) = 21.02

Weight of Concrete Base at SLS, W sb = Lb x Bb x Hb x γGk = 40.00

Weight of backfill on Base at SLS, W s.bac = [(Lb * Bb) - (Lp*Bp)]*He * γs = 107.96

Design Load, (ULS-GEO) = 73.96

Total Design Load, Ns = 242.95

Foundation Base Bearing Pressures

Moment in the x - direction, M x.ullt.geo + (Fgz * l)= 0.11

Moment in the z - direction, (M z.ult.geo + (Fgx * l)= 73.22

Max. pressure, P1 = Ns/BbLb + 6Mx.ser)/BbLb2 + 6Mz.ser/Bb2Lb = 115.74

Min. pressure, P2 = Ns/BbLb - 6Mx.ser)/BbLb2 - 6Mz.ser/LbBb2 = 5.74

Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity at 2.0 m depth = 307.1

Pressure unity ratio = 0.38

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Allowable Bearing Capacity > Max. Foundation Pressure; Bearing Capacity OK Bearing Pressure OK

Foundation Base Reinforcement Design

Thickness of Concrete Base, Hb = 400
Assume reinforcement diameter = Ø = 25
Effective depth, d = Hb - c - Ø/2 338
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

At ULS, (Design Approach 1: Load Combination 1 = A1 + M1 + R1)

Partial factor for permanent load (unfavorable) A1, γ G = 1.35

Table A.3
Partial factor for permanent load (favourable) A1, γ G = 1.00
EN1997-1:2005
Partial factor for variable load (unfavorable), A1, γ Q = 1.50

Partial factor for variable load (favorable), A1, γ Q = 1.00

Table A.4
Partial factor for permanent soil load (weight density), M1, γ γ= 1.00
EN1997-1:2005
Length of concrete base, Lb = 2000

Width of concrete base, Bb = 2000

Thickness of concrete base, H b = 400

Height of earth on base from ground level, H e = 1600

Concrete Density, γGK = 25

Density of soil, γs = 19.1

Weight of Concrete Base at ULS, W ub = Lb x Bb x Hb x γGK x 1.35 = 54.00

Weight of pedestal, Wup = (Lp x Bp x Hp x γGK x 1.35) = 28.38

Weight of backfill on Base, W u.bac = (Lb * Bb) - (Lp*Bp)*He * γs)*1.00 = 107.96

Design Load, (ULS) = 1.35F dw + 1.5 * Fwater =

Total ultimate Axial load, N u = Wup + Wub + Wu.bac + Fvu = 290.35

Bearing Pressures

Nu = Total ultimate axial load

Bb = Width of concrete base

Lb = Length of concrete base

Ultimate Moment in the x - direction, M x.uls (Fuz * l)= 1.14

Ultimate Moment in the z - direction, M z.uls + (Fux * l)= 83.91

Max. pressure, P3 = Nu/BbLb - 6Mux/BbLb2 - 6Muz./LbBb2 = 136.37

Min. pressure, P4 = Nu/BbLb + 6Mux/BbLb2 + 6Muz./LbBb2 = 8.80

Maximum Transverse Moments

The maximum load, P3 will be assumed to be uniform conservatively.

Maximum pressure below base, P rmax = P3 136.37

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Fig. C: Stress Distribution at the Base of Foundation
M = nℓ2/2
Take ℓ = length from edge of column base to face of column
ℓ = Bb/2 - Bp/2 0.635
Moment, M = 136.37 x 0.635²/2 = 27.49

Shear in Transverse direction

VED = nℓ 173.20

Longitudinal reinforcement
1m width of base slab, b = 1000
Design for maximum moment M = 27.49
K= M/bd2fck = 0.010
z = {0.5 + √(0.25 - K/0.9)}d ≤ 0.95d
where, ℓa = 0.5 + √(0.25 - K/0.9) = 0.99
z = 0.95d = 321

As req = M/ 0.87fydz = 240.4

Check minimum area of steel required

EN1992-1-1: 2004
As,min = minimum area of reinforcement = 0.26(f ctm/fyk)bh which is greater than or equal to 0.0013hb
Section 9.2.1(1)

Table 3.1 For Grade 25 concrete, f ctm = 2.60

Characteristic strength of reinforcement, f yk = 410

Overall depth of slab, h = 400
0.26(fctm/fyk)bh = 660
0.0013hb = 520
0.26(fctm/fyk)bh is greater than 0.0013hb =
EN1992-1-1: 2004
As,min = minimum area of reinforcement = 0.26(f ctm/fyk)bh = 660
Section 9.2.1(1)
EN1992-1-1: 2004
As,max = maximum area of reinforcement = 4% * bh = 16000
Section 9.2.1(3)
Provide T16 bars @ 150 mm c/c (As prov = 1340 mm /m) as main reinforcement (Bottom)
²
1340

Transverse reinforcement
EN 1992-1-1:2004 9.2.1.1(1) ,
As,min = minimum area of reinforcement = 0.26(f ctm/fyk)bh = 660
9.1N
Provide T12 bars @ 150 mm c/c (As prov = 754 mm /m) as transverse reinforcement (Top)
²
754

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Check for Punching

Fig. D: Critical Perimeter for Punching Shear

EN 1992-1-1:2004,
Critical section for punching shear check
Section 6.4.2
 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Distance from edge of concrete base to column face, a = (L b - Bp)/2 = 680

Reinforced concrete design, Critical Perimeter, P cr = 2.0*d = 675

Mosley & Bungey; Pg 288
Punching to be
a > 2.0*d (Critical Perimeter falls within the base width)
checked

Check for Punching Shear

Critical Perimeter, P cr = column perimeter + 4πd

Pcr = (2*600 + 2*600) + 4πd 6981.15

Area within perimeter, Acr = (600 + 4d)*(600 + 4d) - (4 - π)(2.0d) 2 = 3748088.153

Punching shear force, V Ed = p1 * (Area of base - Acr) = 2.22

OUTPUT

N/mm2

N/mm2
kN/m3

mm

minutes

mm

kN/m2

kN/m2

OUTPUT
OUTPUT

OUTPUT

kN
kN
kN
kNm
kNm
 OUTPUT

kN
kN
kN
kN
kNm
kNm

kN
kN
kN
kNm
kNm

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
cm4
cm4

N/mm2

OUTPUT

N/mm2

mm2

mm
mm
mm2
525 mm x 525 mm
Base Plate OK

mm2

N/mm2
 OUTPUT

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

N/mm2

mm

mm

t(prov) = 25 mm

OUTPUT

mm

mm
mm

mm

N/mm2

N/mm2

kN
Nos.
kN
kN
Bolts OK in Bearing

mm
kN

N/mm2
 OUTPUT
N/mm2

mm

mm2

No.
kN

kN
kN

8 No. 20 mm bolts
OUTPUT

N/mm2
mm

kN
kN
kN
kN

kN
Bolts OK in Tension

mm
mm
mm
mm

N/mm2

kN
kN
Bolt OK in Punching

kN
kN
kN
kN

Bolts OK in
Combined Tension &
Shear

OUTPUT

mm

mm
mm
mm
 OUTPUT
mm
mm

m
mm
mm
mm2
mm

m
m4

kN
Slenderness OK

kN

mm
mm
mm

OUTPUT

kN
kN
mm
kNm
kNm

mm
mm
kNm
kNm

kNm

mm
 OUTPUT

mm2

mm2

mm2

12 T20 bars with T10

@ 175 mm c/c links

OUTPUT

mm

mm

mm

mm

kN/m3

kN/m3

kN

kN

kN

kN

kN

kNm

kNm

kN/m2

kN/m2

kN/m2
 OUTPUT
Bearing Pressure OK

mm
mm
mm
OUTPUT

mm

mm

mm

mm

kN/m3

kN/m3

kN

kN

kN

kN

kNm

kNm

kN/m2

kN/m2

kN/m2

OUTPUT
OUTPUT

m
kNm

kN

mm
kNm

mm

mm2

N/mm2
N/mm2
mm
mm
mm2

mm2/m

mm2/m

mm2

mm2

mm2

OUTPUT
 OUTPUT
mm

mm

Punching to be
checked

mm

mm2

kN
 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
DESIGN INFORMATION - FOUNDATION TYPE 2:

Designed concrete class C25/30

EN 1991-1-1: 2004,
Concrete strength, f ck = 30
Table 3.1
Characteristic strength of reinforcement, f yk = 410
Density of concrete, γGk = 25
EN1992-1-1
Considering structural class of S4
Section 4.4.1.2 (5)
EN1992-1-1
Exposure class of XC2
Table 4.1
EN1992-1-1
Concrete cover based on enviromental requirement = 50
Table 4.4N
Fire protection time = 90
DEP34.19.20.11
Section 4.1.4
Cover to main bars based on fire protection, = 50
Allowable soil bearing capacity for shallow foundation:

Geotechnical Survey Report At depth 1.2 m

For L'/B' = 1.0 and B' = 1.20, bearing capacity = 102

Hence, allowable soil bearing capacity 102

Fig. A: General Arrangement of Column Base

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

LOADING no
de
31
3

STAAD.PRO REACTION
LOAD (ULS)

STAAD.PRO REACTION
LOAD (SLS)
 REFERENCE
STAAD.PRO REACTION CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
LOAD (SLS)

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Considering Load Case 215 Node 9 - Maximum vertical Load (Service Condition)
Maximun Vertical service load, F sv = 775.00
Horizontal service load in the x direction, F sx = 101.54
Horizontal service load in the z - direction, F sz = 219.27
Bending Load in the x - direction, M sx = 0.00
Bending Load in the z - direction, M sz = 0.00

Considering Load Case 102 Node 9 - Maximum vertical Load (Structural Condition)
Maximun Vertical service load, F uv = 1050.00
Horizontal service load in the x direction, F ux = 7.91
Horizontal service load in the z - direction, F uz = 4.8
Uplift load = -7.81
Bending Load in the x - direction, M ux = 0.00
Bending Load in the z - direction, M uz = 0.00

Considering Load Case 36 Node 4 - Maximum vertical Load (Geotechnical Condition)

Maximun Vertical service load, F uv = 363.20
Horizontal service load in the x direction, F ux = 3.26
Horizontal service load in the z - direction, F uz = 0.868
Bending Load in the x - direction, M ux = 0.00
Bending Load in the z - direction, M uz = 0.00

Base Plate Design

Access Platform Steel Support column section is HE100A
Geometric properties of HE100A

European standard steel book,

2004

FIGURE 3: Effective Stress Distribution at Base of Column

Depth of section, h = 508
width of section, b = 508
Section flange thickness, tf = 10.00
Section web thickness, tw = 10.00
Root radius of section, r = 0
Second moment of area about the major axis, Ixx = 48520
Second moment of area about the minor axis, Iyy = 48520
EN1992-1-1:2004
FRdu = Aco*fcd*(Ac1/Aco)0.5 < 3.0fcdAco
section 6.7(2)

fcd = αccfck/γc
EN1992-1-1:2004
αcc = coefficient of long term effect on strength = 1
section 3.1.6 (1)
γc = partial safety factor for concrete = 1.5

fcd = αcc * fck/γc = 20.00

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

EN1992-1-1:2004
Bearing strength of concrete bed below base plate, FRd = 0.6*fcd 12.00
Section 10.9.5.2(2)

Required area, Areq = Aeff = Fuv/FRd 87500

Check Base Plate of dimension; 700 mm x 700 mm
Width of base plate, B = 700
Length of base plate, L = 700
 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
A = Area of Base Plate = 700 mm x 700 mm = 490000
700 mm x 700 mm
Area of 700 mm x 700 mm base plate (490000 mm2) > Areq (87500 mm2)
Base Plate OK

Base Plate Thickness Required

EN1993-1-8:2004
Design bearing strength of the joint, fjd = βj FRdu/(beff*leff)
Sec 6.2.5 (7), Eq 6.6

FRdu = 3.0fcdAco = 5250000

where, Aco = Aeff

EN1993-1-8:2004
βj = 2/3 = 0.67
Section 6.2.5 (7)

(beff*leff) = Aeff = 87500

fjd = βj FRdu/(beff*leff) 40.20

Effective width for one flange, beff = 2c + tf =

EN1993-1-8:2004 Effective length for one flange, leff = b + 2c =
Fig 6.19 and Fig 6.4 Effective width for web, beff = 2c + tw =
Effective length for web, leff = hst - 2c -2tf =

Aeff = (2c + h)(2c + b) - (b - tw)(h - 2tf - 2c)

Aeff = (2c + 190)(2c + 200) - (200 - 6.5)(190 - 20 - 2c)
Aeff = (2c + 190)(2c + 200) - 193.5(170 - 2c)
Aeff = (4c2 + 400c + 380c + 38000) - (32895 - 386c)
Aeff = (4c2 + 780c + 38000) - (32895 - 386c)
Aeff = 4c2 + 1166c + 5105 = 5100
Simplifying further we have, 4c2 + 1166c + 5 = 0
c = -1166 + [11662 - (4x4x5)]0.5/(2x4)
c= -0.00429
effective width for one flange, beff = 2c + tf = 9.99
EN1993-1-8:2004 effective length for one flange, leff = b + 2c = 507.99
Fig 6.19 and Fig 6.4 effective width for web, beff = 2c + tw = 9.99
effective length for web, leff = h - 2c - 2tf = 488.01
EN1993-1-8:2005
Sec 6.2.5 (4), Additional bearing width required; c = t (fy/3fjdγM0)0.5
Equa. 6.5

Steel plate design strength, fy = 275

EN1993-1-1:2005
γM0 = 1.00
Section 6.1

(fy/3fjdγM0)0.5 = 1.51

Required thickness of base plate, treq = c/ (fy/3fjdγM0)0.5 0.0028

Thickness of column flange, Tf = 8.00

The thickness of column base plate should be greater than the flange thickness of the column

Provide 10 mm thick base plate > tf (8 mm) t(prov) = 10 mm

Hence, 250 mm x 250 mm x 10 mm plate is Ok

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Bolts Selection
Bearing Resistance of Bolt Group
Check 2 No. 10 mm Ø Anchor bolts.
EN1993-1-8:2005, Design Bearing Resistance of one shear plane, Fb,Rd = k1αb*Fu*(dt/γM2)
Table 3.4. For end bolt, k1 = min[2.8e2/do - 1.7, 2.5]
Thickness of base plate, t = 10
γM2 = 1.25
Diameter of bolt, d = 10
Diameter of bolt hole, do = 12
Section 3.3.2
DEP34.19.20.31-Gen Edge and end distances, e1 and e2 = 6d = 30
September 2011
2.8e2/do - 1.7 = 5.30
2.8e2/do - 1.7 is greater than 2.5
EN1993-1-8:2005, k1 = 2.5
Table 3.4.
αb = min[αd, Fub/Fu or 1.0]
αd = e1/3do = 0.83
 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
EN1993-1-8: 2005,
For Grade 8.8 bolts, fub = 800
Table 3.1.
EN1993-1-1: 2005,
Ultimate tensile strength of base plate, fu = 430
Table 3.1.

fub/fu = 1.86

αb = αd = 1.00

Fb,Rd = k1αb*Fu*(dt/γM2) = 86.00

Number of bolts, n = 4.00
Bearing Resistance of Bolts group = nFb,Rd = 344.00
Maximum Horizontal Load ULS in z-direction, Fuz = VEd = 4.80
Since, nFb,Rd > VEd, bolts are OK in bearing Bolts OK in Bearing

Bolt Design for Shear

Check 2 No. 10 mm Ø Anchor bolts 10
Horizontal force to be resisted, Fuz = 4.80

EN 1993-1-8:2005 Shear capacity of bolts, Fv,Rd = smaller of F1,vbRd and F2,vbRd

Section 6.2.2 (7) F1,vbRd = (α*fub*Ab)/γM2

EN 1993-1-8:2005 For Grade 8.8 bolts, fub = 800

Table 3.1 For Grade 8.8 bolts, fyb = 640
Table 3.4 α= 0.6
Table 2.1 γM2 = 1.25
Effective Diameter (Excluding 3 mm for shank) = Db = 7

Ab = Effective Area of bolts = πDb²/4 = 38.5

n = no. of bolts = 4
For 2 No. 10 mm bolts, F1,vbRd = n * (α*fub*Ab)/γM2 = 59.14
EN 1993-1-8:2005 F2,vbRd = (αb*fub*Ab)/γM2
Section 6.2.2 (7) αb = (0.44 - 0.0003*fyb)/γM2 0.20
For 2 No. 20 mm bolts, F2,vbRd = n*(αb*fub*Ab)/γM2 = 19.55
Shear capacity of 2 No 10 mm bolts, Fv,Rd = F2,vbRd = 19.55
Shear capacity of 2 No 10 mm bolts, Fv,Rd (174.34 kN) > Fuz (54.34 kN)
4 No. 10 mm Bolts provided OK 4 No. 10 mm bolts
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Bolt Design for Tension
EN1993-1-8:2005 Design Tension Resistance of bolt, Ft,Rd = k2*Fub* As/γM2)
Table 3.4. k2 = 0.9
Recall, Ultimate Tensile strength of bolt, fub = 800
Tensile stress area, As = 245
γM2 = 1.25
Ft,Rd = k2*Fub* As/γM2) = 141.12
For 1 numbers of bolts in tension, 1*Ft,Rd = 141.12
Maximum Vertical Uplift Load ULS, Ful = -7.81
Total uplift load, Ful = 7.81
Bolt tension capacity is greater than ultimate vertical uplift, therefore, bolt is okay in tension. Bolts OK in Tension

Bolt Design for Punching

EN1993-1-8:2005
Design Punching Resistance of bolt,Bp,Rd = (0.6* π * dm * tp * fu)/γM2
Table 3.4
where,
dm = min [nut dimension, distance across flat of bolt]
Bolt nut diameter = 25.00
Distance across flat of bolt = 20.00
dm = 20.00
tp = thickness of plate under bolt = 10.00
EN1993-1-8: 2005,
Ultimate tensile strength of base plate, fu = 430
Table 3.1.
π= 3.14
Design Punching Resistance of bolt,Bp,Rd = (0.6* π * dm * tp * fu)/γM2 = 129.70
Maximum Horizontal Load ULS in x direction, Fuz = 4.80

Punching bolt capacity is greater than ultimate horizontal load, therefore, bolt is OK in punching Bolt OK in Punching

Combined Shear & Tension Resistance of Bolts

EN1993-1-8:2005
(Fv.Ed/Fv.Rd) + (Ft.Ed/1.4Ft.Rd) < 1.0
Table 3.4
Shear Resistance Capacity of bolts Fv,Rd = 19.55
 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Tension Resistance Capacity of bolt, Ft,Rd = 141.12
Design Shear force, Fv,Ed = VEd = 4.80
Design Tensile force, Ft,Ed = P = 7.81
(Fv.Ed/Fv.Rd) + (Ft.Ed/1.4Ft.Rd) 0.29
Bolts OK in
(Fv.Ed/Fv.Rd) + (Ft.Ed/1.4Ft.Rd) < 1.0 is satisfied. Therefore, bolts are OK in combined tension and shear Combined Tension &
Shear

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

SIZING no
Bolts Diameter d de 10
31
Section 3.3.2 3
DEP34.19.20.31-Gen Minimum Edge and End Distances, e 1 and e2 = 6d = 60
September 2011.
From the schematics above,
Assuming height of pedestal is 200 mm above grade level
Height of pedestal, Hp = 1000
Length of pedestal cross section, L p= 300
Width of pedestal cross section, B p = 300
D = thickness of pad footing = 200
Assuming diameter of main bars, Ø = 12
Lever arm for moments, ℓ a
ℓa = D = 1.00
Length of pedestal cross section, L p= 300
Width of pedestal cross section, B p = 300
Cross sectional Area of pedestal concrete, A c = Lp*Bp 90000
Clear height between restraints, ℓ o = 1000
EN 1992-1-1:2004
Effective length, ℓ e = β*ℓo = 2*ℓo
Section 12.6.5.1

EN1992-1-1:2004 Section
β= 2
12.6.5.1

ℓe = 2
EN 1992-1-1:2004
slenderness: ℓ e/r 23.09
Section 12.6.5.1
where,
r = radius of gyration of the pedestal = (I/A) 1/2 0.09
I = second moment of area of pedestal = (B p*Lp3)/12 0.001

EN1992-1-1 :2004 Section5.8.3.1 Limiting slenderness, λlim = 20.A.B.C/√n, where, A=0.7, B=1.1, C=0.7 17.286

where, n = NEd/Ac*Fcd = 0.388889

NEd = Fdesign = 1050.00
Actual slenderness < Limiting slenderness; Pedestal is not slender Not OK

Reinforcement Steel
Node 82, LC 105 (ULS) Maximum Axial Load, Nult = Fdesign 1050.00
Pedestal Dimensions:
Height of pedestal from top of foundation base, H p = 1000
Width of pedestal cross section, B p = 300
Length of pedestal cross section, L p= 300

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

BS EN 1990
Partial safety factor for permanent action = 1.35
Table A1.2
Add weight of pedestal (ULS) = (1.00 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 25) x 1.35 = 3.04
Total design load, NEd = Nult + Weight of pedestal = 1053.04
Lever arm to the base of the pedestal, ℓ a = 1000
Moment in the x - direction, M x = 0.00
Moment in the z - direction, M z = 0.00
Increased moment in one direction (z-direction), M' z
Given, M'x = Mx + ((β*h/b) * Mx), where Mx/b > Mz/h
where,
b = width of pedestal, Bp = 300
 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
h = length of pedestal, Lp = 300
Mx/b = 0.00
Mz/h = 0.00
Mz/h < Mx/b, is satisfied
β = Ned/(bh*fck) = 0.3900
M'x = Mx + ((β*h/b) * Mx) = 0.00
From, M'z/(bh2*fck)
M'z/(bh2*fck) = 0.00000
Also,
N/bh*fck = 0.39001
From column chart
d2 = 50.00
d2/h = 0.17
use chart d2/h = 0.05

Fig.9.8, Reinforced Concrete

Design to EC2. Bill Mosley, John As*fyk/(bh*fck) = 0.02
Bungey, Ray Hulse. 6th Edition

As = 0.02*b*h*f ck/fyk = 131.71

EN1992-1-1:2004, Sec 9.5.2 (2),
Asmin = 0.002*Ac = 180.00
9.12N
EN 1992-1-1:2005 section 9.5.2
Max. Area of steel = 4%bd = 3600
(3)
Provide 4 T12 (Asprov = 452 mm²)
4 T12 bars with T10
Provide T10 @175 mm c/c as links @ 175 mm c/c links

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Concrete Base Design
Try 1000 mm wide x 1000 mm long x 200 mm thick base (Typical)

Length of concrete base, Lb = 1000

Width of concrete base, Bb = 1000

Thickness of concrete base, H b = 200

Height of earth on base, H e = 700

Concrete density, γGk = 25

Density of soil, γs = 19.1

Weight of Pedestals at SLS, W sp = (Lp x Bp x Hp x γGk) = 2.25

Weight of Concrete Base at SLS, W sb = Lb x Bb x Hb x γGk = 5.00

Weight of backfill on Base at SLS, W s.bac = [(Lb * Bb) - (Lp*Bp)]*He * γs = 12.17

Design Load, (ULS-GEO) = 363.20

Total Design Load, Ns = 382.62

Foundation Base Bearing Pressures

Moment in the x - direction, M x.ullt.geo + (Fgz * l)= 1.91

Moment in the z - direction, (M z.ult.geo + (Fgx * l)= -4.56

Max. pressure, P1 = Ns/BbLb + 6Mx.ser)/BbLb2 + 6Mz.ser/Bb2Lb = 366.69

Min. pressure, P2 = Ns/BbLb - 6Mx.ser)/BbLb2 - 6Mz.ser/LbBb2 = 398.54

Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity at 1.5 m depth = 102

Pressure unity ratio = 3.60

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Bearing Capacity Not OK Not OK

Foundation Base Reinforcement Design

Thickness of Concrete Base, Hb = 200
Assume reinforcement diameter = Ø = 25
Effective depth, d = Hb - c - Ø/2 138
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

At ULS, (Design Approach 1: Load Combination 1 = A1 + M1 + R1)

Partial factor for permanent load (unfavorable) A1, γ G = 1.35

Table A.3
Partial factor for permanent load (favourable) A1, γ G = 1.00
EN1997-1:2005
Partial factor for variable load (unfavorable), A1, γ Q = 1.50

Partial factor for variable load (favorable), A1, γ Q = 1.00

Table A.4
Partial factor for permanent soil load (weight density), M1, γ γ= 1.00
EN1997-1:2005
Length of concrete base, Lb = 1000

Width of concrete base, Bb = 1000

Thickness of concrete base, H b = 200

Height of earth on base from ground level, H e = 700

Concrete Density, γGK = 25

Density of soil, γs = 19.1

Weight of Concrete Base at ULS, W ub = Lb x Bb x Hb x γGK x 1.35 = 6.75

Weight of pedestal, Wup = (Lp x Bp x Hp x γGK x 1.35) = 3.04

Weight of backfill on Base, W u.bac = (Lb * Bb) - (Lp*Bp)*He * γs)*1.00 = 12.17

Design Load, (ULS) = 1.35F dw + 1.5 * Fwater =

Total ultimate Axial load, N u = Wup + Wub + Wu.bac + Fvu = 1071.95

Bearing Pressures

Nu = Total ultimate axial load

Bb = Width of concrete base

Lb = Length of concrete base

Ultimate Moment in the x - direction, M x.uls (Fuz * l)= 6.72

Ultimate Moment in the z - direction, M z.uls + (Fux * l)= -11.07

Max. pressure, P3 = Nu/BbLb - 6Mux/BbLb2 - 6Muz./LbBb2 = 1045.83

Min. pressure, P4 = Nu/BbLb + 6Mux/BbLb + 6Muz./LbBb =

2 2
1098.08

Maximum Transverse Moments

The maximum load, P3 will be assumed to be uniform conservatively.

Maximum pressure below base, P rmax = P3 1045.83

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Fig. C: Stress Distribution at the Base of Foundation

 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
M = nℓ2/2
Take ℓ = length from edge of column base to face of column
ℓ = Bb/2 - Bp/2 0.350
Moment, M = 1,045.83 x 0.350²/2 = 64.06

Shear in Transverse direction

VED = nℓ 366.04

Longitudinal reinforcement
1m width of base slab, b = 1000
Design for maximum moment M = 64.06
K= M/bd2fck = 0.113
z = {0.5 + √(0.25 - K/0.9)}d ≤ 0.95d
where, ℓa = 0.5 + √(0.25 - K/0.9) = 0.85
z = lad = 117
As req = M/ 0.87fydz = 1531.5
Check minimum area of steel required

EN1992-1-1: 2004
As,min = minimum area of reinforcement = 0.26(f ctm/fyk)bh which is greater than or equal to 0.0013hb
Section 9.2.1(1)

Table 3.1 For Grade 25 concrete, f ctm = 2.60

Characteristic strength of reinforcement, f yk = 410
Overall depth of slab, h = 200

0.26(fctm/fyk)bh = 330
0.0013hb = 260

0.26(fctm/fyk)bh is greater than 0.0013hb =

EN1992-1-1: 2004
As,min = minimum area of reinforcement = 0.26(f ctm/fyk)bh = 330
Section 9.2.1(1)
EN1992-1-1: 2004
As,max = maximum area of reinforcement = 4% * bh = 8000
Section 9.2.1(3)
Provide T12 bars @ 200 mm c/c (As prov = 566 mm /m) as main reinforcement (Bottom)
²
566

Transverse reinforcement
EN 1992-1-1:2004 9.2.1.1(1) ,
As,min = minimum area of reinforcement = 0.26(f ctm/fyk)bh = 330
9.1N
Provide T12 bars @ 200 mm c/c (As prov = 566 mm /m) as transverse reinforcement (Top)
²
566

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Check for Punching

Fig. D: Critical Perimeter for Punching Shear

EN 1992-1-1:2004,
Critical section for punching shear check
Section 6.4.2
Distance from edge of concrete base to column face, a = (L b - Bp)/2 = 350

Reinforced concrete design,

Mosley & Bungey; Pg 288
 REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Reinforced concrete design, Critical Perimeter, P cr = 2.0*d = 275
Mosley & Bungey; Pg 288
Punching to be
a > 2.0*d (Critical Perimeter falls within the base width)
checked

Check for Punching Shear

Critical Perimeter, P cr = column perimeter + 4πd

Pcr = (2*350 + 2*350) + 4πd 2927.88

Area within perimeter, Acr = (350 + 4d)*(350 + 4d) - (4 - π)(2.0d) 2 = 657582.9444

Punching shear force, V Ed = p1 * (Area of base - Acr) = 376.00

OUTPUT

N/mm2

N/mm2
kN/m3

mm

minutes

mm

kN/m2

kN/m2

OUTPUT
OUTPUT

OUTPUT

kN
kN
kN
kNm
kNm

kN
kN
kN
kN
kNm
kNm

kN
kN
kN
kNm
kNm

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
cm4
cm4

N/mm2

OUTPUT

N/mm2

mm2

mm
mm
 OUTPUT
mm2
700 mm x 700 mm
Base Plate OK

mm2

N/mm2

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

N/mm2

mm

mm

t(prov) = 10 mm

OUTPUT

mm

mm
mm

mm
 OUTPUT
N/mm2

N/mm2

kN
Nos.
kN
kN
Bolts OK in Bearing

mm
kN

N/mm2
N/mm2

mm

mm2

No.
kN

kN
kN

4 No. 10 mm bolts
OUTPUT

N/mm2
mm

kN
kN
kN
kN
Bolts OK in Tension

mm
mm
mm
mm

N/mm2

kN
kN

Bolt OK in Punching

kN
 OUTPUT
kN
kN
kN

Bolts OK in
Combined Tension &
Shear

OUTPUT

mm

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

m
mm
mm
mm2
mm

m
m4

kN
Not OK

kN

mm
mm
mm

OUTPUT

kN
kN
mm
kNm
kNm

mm
 OUTPUT
mm
kNm
kNm

kNm

mm

mm2

mm2

mm2

4 T12 bars with T10

@ 175 mm c/c links

OUTPUT

mm

mm

mm

mm

kN/m3

kN/m3

kN

kN

kN

kN

kN

kNm

kNm

kN/m2

kN/m2

kN/m2
OUTPUT
Not OK

mm
mm
mm
OUTPUT

mm

mm

mm

mm

kN/m3

kN/m3

kN

kN

kN

kN

kNm

kNm

kN/m2

kN/m2

kN/m2

OUTPUT
OUTPUT

m
kNm

kN

mm
kNm

mm
mm2

N/mm2
N/mm2
mm
mm

mm2

mm2/m

mm2/m

mm2

mm2

mm2

OUTPUT

mm
 OUTPUT
mm

Punching to be
checked

mm

mm2

kN
 REFERENCE CALCULATION
CHECK FOR ANCHORAGE DEPTH OF FOUNDATION BOLT
Diameter of anchor rod ø
There are 4 bolts resisting uplift force.
Uplift force Fu =
Uplift force for each bolt Fu =
Ultimate bond stress fbd =
BS EN 1992-1-1-2004;8.4.2 Coefficient related to bond quality ⴄ1 =
related to bar diameter ⴄ2 =
Design tensile strength fctd =
BS EN 1992-1-1-2004; 3.1.6 Partial safety factor for concrete γc =
Cooefficient of long term effect on tensile strength αct =
BS EN 1992-1-1-2004; 3.1.6 Characteristic tensile strength of concrete fctk.0.05 =

Design tensile strength fctd =

Ultimate bond stress fbd =

For Stability against force

Asurface =

Making L the subject of the formular L =

8.4.4 (eqn 8.6) Minimum depth of embeddment lb,min ≥

0.3L =
10ø =
100 mm
lb,min
Provide 150 mm Depth of Embeddment is adequate
TION OUTPUT
OLT
= 10 mm

= 363.20 kN
Fu/4 = 90.80 kN
2.25 * ⴄ1 * ⴄ2 * fctd
1.0
1.0
αctfctk,0.05/γc
1.5
1.0
2.2 N/mm2

αctfctk,0.05/γc = 1.47 N/mm2

2.25 * ⴄ1 * ⴄ2 * fctd = 3.30 N/mm2

Fa ≤ Fbd * Asurface

πø * length of embedment (L)

Fu/(Fbd*πø) = 875.72 mm

max (0.3L ; 10ø ; 100 mm)

262.72 mm
100 mm
100 mm
= 262.72 mm