Marine Auxiliary

Machines II

Presenter: Jurij Sinicyn

COURSE CONTENT: I - Oily Water Separator (OWS)

A. Purpose for fitting an oily water separator

B. Working principle
C. Types of OWS
D. 15 PPM alarm, checks & calibration
E. OWS checks and maintenance
F. Alarms and monitoring, regulatory requirements
G. Oil Record book entries
H. Engine room bilges, bilge holding tank - inspection and checks
I. primary bilge system
J. Oil discharge monitoring equipment (ODME) for tankers,
requirements for tankers for overboard discharge of oily waste
SOLAS & MARPOL

Around 80 per cent of global trade by volume and over 70 per

cent of global trade by value are carried by sea and are handled
by ports worldwide. ... global maritime trade gathered
momentum and raised sen ment in the shipping industry
(Review of Maritime Transport 2020).

Do you think there is a need for rules that would regulate all these
transportation?
MARPOL

The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from

Ships (MARPOL) which is currently includes six separate Annexes.

It was developed by the International Maritime Organization

(IMO) on 2 November 1973 with an objective to minimize
pollution of the oceans and seas, including air pollution.

• All ships flagged under countries that are signatories to

MARPOL are subject to its requirements.
MARPOL

Annex I – Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil

Covers prevention of pollution by oil from operational measures as

well as from accidental discharges
Equipment under MARPOL Annex 1:

Oily water separator (OWS):

This is the equipment specific to the marine industry which is used to
separate the oil from water. It only allows effluent of less than 15ppm to
get discharged out at sea.

Oil discharge monitoring control system (ODMCS):

This system is used on tanker ship to discharged effluent generated from
cargo and ballast tanks. This is not a filtration unit, and it only monitors
the content and allows it to go overboard only when the ppm content is
satisfactory.
The SOPEP locker of the ship contains different pollution prevention tools,
chemicals, and equipment such as oil absorbent pads, sawdust bags, etc.
Ships bilge system

Bilge water is a mixture of variety of substances.

• It is a mixture of fresh water, sea water, oil, sludge, chemicals, and various
other fluids.

The bilge area is the lowest area on a ship

A ship produces bilge water on a daily basis which accumulated

in the ship's bilges (bilge wells)
Bilge water (Sources)

Bilge water possible leaks

• in the pipelines and joints,
• leaky pump and valve glands,
• from machinery….
Ships bilge system

Bilge system main functions:

• Prevent the possibility of an accumulation of water or oil
in the machinery space or cargo holds.
• Also, to maintain dry bilges throughout the ship.
 Aft. Bilge

Eng. port

Aft. Bilge
Eng. Room Cargo Hold Fore. Peak
Fore. Bilge

Eng. St.
Fore. Bilge

Note: The depth and the number of bilge wells depends on the ship's size
Requirements to ship’s engine room bilge system

Bilge alarm

• Bilge alarm,
• Two bilge pumps are required,
• Engine room bilge system must be provided with two suction lines and
• one is emergency which can use ballast or fire pumps.
 Assignment

5 minutes page 6
With reference to MARPOL – Annex I Prevention of Pollution by Oil
MF assignment -1

Task:
a. Briefly describe the term of Bilge Water.
b. Describe, with aid of sketch, the requirements to ship’s engine
room bilge system.
Equipment under MARPOL

By international agreement under the

MARPOL convention, most commercial vessels
need to be fitted with an Oily Water Separator
to remove oil contaminants before bilge water
is pumped overboard.
Two stage OWS

Two stage OWS - consists of three main components

Separator unit
The Filter unit

Control unit
1st stage separating compartment

Separator unit helps in removing oil impurities from bilge water and
consists of wavy catch plates which are inside

Note: the oil density is lower than that of the

water, which makes oil particulars rise into the
oil collecting compartment with oil sensors.
• the rest of the bilge water passing to filter
unit between the catch plates.
The Filter unit

To achieve fine filtration for some physical impurities there is a second

stage (Filter unit)

• physical impurities are heavier than water

and thus will settle at the bottom of the filter.
Oil Control Monitor

Discharge water continuously monitored by Oil Content Monitor (OCM)

Under MARPOL Annex-1 regulations:

• the oil content of discharging bilge water
does not exceed 15 parts per million.
15 P.P.M means that the rate of oil in a liquid is
not more than 15 per million
Control Unit

Collects all information about the process and operates following

components:

• Oil sensors at 1st stage of OWS

• Three-way discharge valve
• Activates Engine room alarm which is recorded into alarm log list.
 Vent
Control
unit
Oil discharge flow 3-Way Solenoid
Valve
Solenoid
Valve

Three stage 15ppm

Oil sensor

Overboard discharge
OCM
Filter unit

Separator unit

Return to separator flow

Sludge Bilge water
Hot water Backflash Solenoid
tank tank
Valve
Sludge and Waste oil (sources)

Sludge on board ship comes from various sources like:

• Fuel Oil Purifiers & Lube Oil Purifiers,
• Main Engine Scavenge Drains,
• Main engine stuffing box.

Waste oil on board ship comes from various sources like:

• Machinery & Engines maintenance services (change oil and filters)
Conclusion:

Oil from the vessels can get into the sea due to
• accidental spills and
• by the operational ignorance of the ship’s crew.

Crew’s duty on the ship about MARPOL Annex 1

Maintain equipment (OWS) in good running conditions

The prevention of oil spillage from ships and to keep the sea safer from oil
pollution is mainly the responsibility of the ship’s crew.
Oil record books

ORB Part 1 (Machinery space operations)

• Every oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage and above and every ship of 400
gross tonnage and above other than an oil tanker shall be provided
with an Oil Record Book Part I
Oil Record Books

The ORBs contain the following necessary information:

• Name and IMO Number of the ship

• Gross Tonnage of the ship
• Owner’s Details
• Official Number
• Period of usage
Oil record books

The Oil Record Book Part I shall be completed on any of the following
machinery space operations takes place in the ship:

• collection of oily water residues (sludge and waste oil);

• discharge overboard or disposal otherwise of bilge water which has
accumulated in machinery spaces; and
• bunkering of fuel or bulk lubricating oil.
Oil record book important records and SOPEP

Oil Record Book (Part II), For Oil Tanker

• Every oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage and above, shall be provided with
an Oil Record Book Part II (Cargo/Ballast Operations).
Oil tankers

Oil tankers carry different types of oil cargo in their cargo tanks, and it
often happens that after discharging the oil cargo in some port, the ship
sails without any cargo to some other destination.
• In order to do so, it must take ballast from the sea to get better
draught and stability.
Oil tankers

For this reason, ballast water is taken into cargo tanks wherein generally
oil cargo would have been carried.
It is to note that the ballast water carried in cargo tanks must be
discharged out at sea before the next cargo loading.
Therefore, Oil Discharge monitoring and control system (ODMCS) is used
to prevent the pollution of ocean by oil due to the discharge from ballast
and bilge spaces.
An ODMCS consists essentially of four systems:
1. An Oil content meter: The oil content meter is used to analyze the content of
oil in the water that is to be discharged overboard. This oil is expressed in parts
per million (PPM).

2. A flow meter: The flow rate of the oily water to be discharged is measured at
the discharge pipe.

3. A computing unit: A computing unit calculates the oil discharge in

liters/nautical miles and the total quantity, along with date and time
identification.

4. An overboard valve control system: The auto control valve is installed at the
overboard so that it must close and stop the discharge when permissible limit
has been reached.
Regulatory requirements for oil mixture discharge from cargo space

• Tanker vessel must be en route

• The vessel should not be in special areas.
• The tanker must be 50 nautical miles away from land.
• The instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content does not exceed 30 liters
per nautical mile.
• The total quantity of discharge must not exceed 1/30000 of the total
quantity of the residue formed cargo.
• The tanker must have operational and approved ODMCS.
 Regulatory requirements for oil mixture discharge from cargo space

As per the regulation, the following inputs must be recorded into Oil Record
book par II:

• Discharge rate of the pump which is discharging the oily water mixture
overboard.
• The location of the ship in latitude and longitude.
• Date and time of the discharge.
• The total quantity that has been discharge overboard.
• Oil content of the discharged mixture in PPM.
All the records of ODMCS must be stored on board ships for not less than 3
years.
SOPEP

Regulation 37 of MARPOL Annex I requires that oil tankers of 150 gross

tonnage and above and all ships of 400 gross tonnage and above carry an
approved Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP)

What is the main purpose of SOPEP?

The purpose of the SOPEP is to provide guidance to the Master and officers
on board the ship with respect to the steps to be taken when an oil
pollution incident has occurred or is likely to occur.
Designated tanks: Sludge tank, Waste oil tank and Bilge water tank
PSSA (Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas) and SECAs

A Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) is an area that needs special

protection through action by IMO because of its significance for recognized
ecological or socio-economic or scientific reasons and which may be
vulnerable to damage by international maritime activities
• In many cases a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area may be identified within a
Special Area and vice versa.
Emission Control Areas (ECAs), or Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECAs),
are sea areas in which stricter controls were established to minimize
airborne emissions from ships as defined by Annex VI of the 1997 MARPOL
Protocol.
Special areas under MARPOL Annex 1:

1. The Mediterranean Sea.

2. Baltic Sea.
3. The Black Sea.
4. The Red Sea.
5. “Gulfs” area.
6. The Gulf of Aden.
7. Antarctic sea.
8. Northwest European waters.
9. Oman area of the Arabian Sea.
10. Southern South African waters.