PRACTICAL GUIDE-FMM3701

Experiment 1
Pipe friction
Aim of experiment
Determine pressure losses in tubes depending on the mass flow

Preparing the experiment

Experiment set-up
• Attach the pipe section with desired diameter to the measuring nozzle and intake
connection using union nuts. Note: the longer end is the abatement section for the inlet and
must be connected to the measuring nozzle.
• Connect the pressure measuring points to the differential pressure manometer as shown. θ
34mm: Measuring range 0…25mbar – θ 24mm, θ 16mm: Measuring range 0…600mbar
• Connect pressure measuring points to the measuring nozzle to the negative connection of
the velocity display.

Procedure
• Switch on the fan and set the desired flow via the speed.
• Record the velocity c from the measuring nozzle and the pressure loss ∆P.
• Set new flow rate via speed and repeat the measurement.
• Repeat the series of measurement for other pipe diameters.

Experiment Data
Diameter 34 mm Diameter 24 mm Diameter 16 mm
Velocity c in Pressure loss Velocity c in Pressure loss Velocity c in Pressure loss
m/s ∆P in mbar m/s ∆P in mbar m/s ∆P in mbar
 PRACTICAL GUIDE-FMM3701

Experiment Results
Diameter 34 mm Diameter 24 mm Diameter 16 mm
Mass flow m Pressure loss Mass flow m Pressure loss Mass flow m Pressure loss
in kg/s ∆P in mbar in kg/s ∆P in mbar in kg/s ∆P in mbar

Calculations
• Calculate mass flow rate
• Draw graph of mass flow rate vs ∆P for all three diameters

Conclusion
• Evaluate the experiment and draw your conclusions

Additional information
The pipe friction factor can be determined using the following equation:

𝑑 2 𝑇1
‫( = ג‬p1 – p2) * ∗ ∗
𝐼 𝐶12 ∗𝑝1 𝑇𝑚

Tm = average temperature
T1 = inlet temperature
C = velocity
P1 = density
I = 1mm
d1 = pipe diameter
∆P = pressure loss
 PRACTICAL GUIDE-FMM3701

Experiment 2
Fan diagram
Aim of experiment
Creating a diagram with fan characteristics curves

Preparing experiment

• Attach the throttle valve and measuring nozzle to the intake connection using union nuts.
• Connect pressure measurement point for the intake connection to the negative connection
of the manometer 0…1 bar.
• Connect pressure measurement point for the measuring nozzle to the negative connection
of the velocity display.

Procedure
• Open throttle valve completely
• Switch on fan and adjust to desired speed (e.g. 20 m/s).
• Record velocity c on the measuring nozzle, and pressure ps (head) on the intake connection.
• Reduce flow rate slightly with throttle valve and record velocity and pressure Ps.
• Repeat measurement until the throttle is shut.
• Repeat series of measurement for other speeds.
 PRACTICAL GUIDE-FMM3701

Data
Head Ps in mbar Velocity c in m/s

Results

Head Ps in mbar Velocity c in m/s Mass flow m in kg/s Hydraulic output Phyd
in W

Calculations
• Mass flow
• Hydraulic Power output
• Plot graph of mass flow vs Head Ps

Conclusion
• Evaluate the experiment and draw your conclusions
 PRACTICAL GUIDE-FMM3701

Experiment 3
Flow Rate Measurement with Orifice
Aim of the Experiment
Creating a calibration curve for an orifice. The measuring nozzle is used as a reference.

Preparing the Experiment

Equip orifice holder with desired orifice disk

• Disassemble the orifice holder by loosening the four screws in the center.
• Place the orifice disk with the desired diameter in the center of the recess.
• Reassemble the holder. Ensure that the orifice disk is centered, and the sealing rings
are seated properly in the grooves.
• Use the union nuts to attach the orifice holder to the measuring nozzle and intake
connection. Note: the longer end is the abatement section of the inlet and must be
connected to the measuring nozzle.
• Connect the pressure measurement points to the differential pressure manometer
as shown. Θ32mm, θ25mm: Measuring range 0…600mbar – θ19mm, θ12mm:
Measuring range 0….1mbar.
• Connect the pressure measurement point for the measuring nozzle to the negative
connection of the velocity display.
 PRACTICAL GUIDE-FMM3701

Procedure
• Switch on fan and set the desired flow rate via the speed.
• Record the velocity c at the measuring nozzle and the differential pressure ∆P.
• Adjust the flow rate accordingly via the speed and repeat the measurement.
• Repeat the series of measurement for other orifice diameters.

Experiment Data
Velocity c in m/s Differential pressure ∆P in bar

Experiment Results
Flow rate Q Differential Pressure Flow rate Expansion Flow rate
in m3/s pressure ∆P ratio P2/P1 factor α Factor ϵ Qorifice in
in Pa m3/s

Calculate
• Flow rate and Differential pressure in Pa
• Flow rate orifice and Pressure ratio
• Expansion factor
• Draw graph (Orifice calibration curve) for Measured value of orifice vs Volume flow
Q (measuring nozzle)
 PRACTICAL GUIDE-FMM3701

Conclusion
• Evaluate the experiment and draw your conclusions

Additional information
Use DIN EN ISO 5167 standard
α = 0,64 (constant)

2 𝑥 ∆𝑃
Q = α x ϵ x Ad x √
𝜌

𝑑2
m(opening ratio) =
𝐷2