Iron Deficiency Anemia

PREDISPOSING FACTOR PRECIPITATING FACTOR

- Age - 15-49 years old - Nutritional deficiencies
- Gender - Female - Chronic diseases
- Genetics - Chronic infection
- Pregnancy - Hemolytic anemia

Disease Process

- Determinee BMI and ascertain healthy

body weight for age and height.
- Assess the patient?s nutritional status.
- Assess the patient?s eating pattern
Blood loss - Refer to a dietitian for a complete nutrition
assessment and methods for nutritional
support.
- Iron trearment as ordered.
Affects CNS and PICA: Cravings to eat - Assessment of Nutritional Imbalanced nutrition: less - Diet
Increased iron loss triggers iron-seeking non-nutritive Status (SGA) than body requirements r/t - Iron is an essential nutrient required for
behavior substances inadequate intake of nutrients the production of red blood cells. Iron-rich
necessary for RBC foods include red meat, poultry, fish,
production. beans, lentils, tofu, fortified cereals,
spinach, and other leafy green vegetables.
Increased destruction of RBC - Folate is a B vitamin required for the
production of red blood cells. Good
sources of folate include leafy green
vegetables, citrus fruits, beans, lentils,
nuts, and fortified cereals.
Decreased
Not enough iron to synthesize
hemoglobin content of
heme
RBC

Insufficient hemoglobin - Check vitals signs especially oxygen

saturation and pulse rate. Assess capillary
refill, skin color / mucous membranes, nails.
- Elevate the head of bed as tolerated.
Ineffective peripheral - Maintain adequate fluid intake.
Pallor (conjunctive, Tissue Perfusion - Provide supplemental oxygen as indicated.
Decreased production of RBC CBC: Hemoglobin level:
palms, lips nail bed) decreased hemoglobin
<12.0 - 16.0 g/dL
levels

Fatigue r/t decreased

Reduces synthesis of RBCs Decreased transport of Fatigue, exercise CBC: Reticulocyte count
It is a percentage of the total
hemoglobin and diminished - Assess the specific cause of fatigue.
in bone marrow oxygen to tissues intolerance, irritability
number of red blood cells in oxygen-carrying capacity of - Instruct the client about medications that may
your blood sample. the blood. stimulate RBC production in the bone marrow.
<0.5 % to 2.5% - Provide supplemental oxygen therapy as
needed.
- Anticipate the need for the transfusion of
packed RBCs.
- Encourage the client to engage in physical
exercise as tolerated.

Erythropoietin stimulating
agents (ESAs)
Epoetin alfa (Epogen,
Procrit) and darbepoetin
alfa (Aranesp).

4NU08 - Verano, Aubrey