Candidate’s Declaration

We declare that this written submission represents or work and ideas in our own words
and where other’s ideas or words have been included, we have adequately cited and
referenced the original sources. We also declare that we have adhered to all principles of
academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified
any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. We understand that any violation of the
above will be cause for disciplinary action by the University and also evoke penal action
from the sources which have thus not been properly cited or from whom proper
permission has not been taken when needed.

ADARSH RAM TRIPATHI (1905250400014) _________

ADARSH PANDEY (205250409007) _________

VIJAY KUMAR (205250409004) _________

PRADEEP MAURYA (205250409002) _________

PRATEEK TIWARI (205250409002) _________

(Sign)

Date: _____________
Department of Mechanical Engineering

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 Certificate

This is to certify that Project Report entitled “Stress Analysis Of Maraging Steel
Differential Gear Using Ansys” is submitted by ADARSH RAM TRIPATHI
PRADEEP MAURYA,VIJAY KUMAR,ADARSH PANDEY,PRATEEK TIWARI,
in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Mechanical Engineering from Buddha Institute ofTechnology affiliated
to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Uttar Pradesh.The project embodies
result of original work and studies carried out by students themselves and the contents of
the project do not form the basis for the award of any other degree to the candidate or to
anybody else.

_______________
Mr. ANKIT TRIPATHI
(Assistant Professor)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Buddha Institute of Technology, GIDA,
Gorakhpur

_______________
Mr. Ved Prakash Pandey
(Assistant Professor & Head)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Date:__________ Buddha Institute of Technology, GIDA,
Gorakhpur

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 ABSTRACT

The "Automatic Wheelchair cum Stretcher" is a novel device that combines the features
of a wheelchair and a stretcher to provide enhanced mobility and medical assistance.
This innovative device seamlessly transitions between the two functionalities,
eliminating the need for multiple equipment and transfers. It incorporates automated
mechanisms for effortless transformation, ensuring quick and smooth transitions in
emergency situations. The ergonomic design of the wheelchair cum stretcher prioritizes
user comfort and safety, with adjustable backrests, headrests, and leg supports to
optimize patient positioning and reduce the risk of pressure ulcers or discomfort. The
integrated control system allows caregivers to operate and customize the device
according to individual patient needs. With sturdy wheels and a reliable propulsion
system, the wheelchair mode ensures smooth movement across various terrains,
enhancing maneuverability and independence for users. The Automatic Wheelchair cum
Stretcher finds applications in hospitals, ambulances, nursing homes, and home care
environments, streamlining patient transfers and improving overall healthcare efficiency.
By saving time, improving patient comfort, and streamlining workflow, this innovative
device has the potential to significantly enhance medical care and mobility assistance for
individuals with limited mobility.

Keywords: Automatic Wheelchair, Stretcher, Mobility, Medical

Assistance, Integration.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and the foremost, we shall thank God Almighty who gave us the inner strength,
resource and ability to complete the work successfully, without which all our efforts
would have been in vain.

We are grateful to our Dean, Assistant Professor Rahul Sir for providing me good
facilities and proper environment for developing my project and to do it in the required
way. We are thankful to Mr. Ved Prakash Pandey Sir, Head of Department Mechanical
Engineering, for his valuable advice and motivation.

We whole heartedly thank our project guide Mr. ANKIT TRIPATHI Sir (Assistant
Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering) for his valuable advice and support.

We convey my sincere thanks to all other faculties for their help and encouragement. We
thank all our friends who have helped us during the work, with their inspiration and
cooperation. We truly admire my parents for their constant encouragement and enduring
support, which was inevitable for the success of this venture. Once again, we convey my
gratitude to all those persons who had directly or indirectly influenced on the work.

ADARSH RAM TRIPATHI Roll No.- 1905250400014

ADARSH PANDEYI Roll No.- 2005250409007
VIJAY KUMAR Roll No.- 2005250409004
PRADEEP MAURYA Roll No.- 2005250409003

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PRATEEK TIWARI

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE NO.

Candidate’s Declaration i
Certificate ii
Acknowledgement iii
Abstract iv
List of Figures viii
List of Table xi
List of Graphs xii

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1-13

1.1 Background and Motivation 1

1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Objectives
1.4 Scope and Limitations
1.5 Thesis Outline
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 14-16
2.1 Evolution of Wheelchairs and Stretchers
2.2 Challenges in Patient Transportation
2.3 Existing Solutions
2.4 Gap Identification
14
Chapter 3 GEOMETRIC MODELLING 14
14
3.1 Conceptual Design 15
3.2 Ergonomic Considerations
3.3 Mechanical Design
3.4 Electrical and Electronics Design
3.5 Control System Design
3.6 Integration of Automated Features

5
Chapter 4 DESIGN CALCULATIONS 15
16
4.1 Wheelchair Cum Stretcher Structure 16
4.2 Mobility and Maneuverability Mechanisms
4.3 Actuation Systems
4.4 Human-Machine Interface
4.5 Safety Systems

Chapter 5 ANALYSIS
17-24
5.1 Ansys
5.2 Steps 17
5.2.1 Selection of Workbench 17
5.2.2 Engineering Data 18
5.2.3 Geometry 19
5.2.4 Mesh generation 19
5.2.5 Adding forces 20
5.2.6 Solution 20
5.3 Graph 20
21
Chapter 6 OBSERVATION AND RESULTS 21
23
Chapter 7 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
25-43
7.1 Conclusions
7.2 Future Scope 25
28
REFRENCES 33
38

44-65

44
45
45
47
48
49
50
50
64

6
 66-67

68-69

68
68

70

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Description Page No.

1 Differential 1

2 Parts of Differential 2

3 Parts of Differential 4

4 Open Differential 5

5 Wheels while making Right Turn 7

6 Wheels while Moving in Straight Direction 8

7 Wheels While making left Turn 8

8 Stages in the Process 17

9 Part Drawing of Pinion Gear 18

10 Part Drawing of Crown Wheel 19

11 Part Drawing of Side Gear 19

12 Part Drawing of Spider Gear 20

13 Assembly of Differential 20

14 Differential Exploded View 21

15 Selection of Drawing in SolidWorks 21

16 Pinion Gear Drawing 22

17 Spider Gear Drawing 23

18 Crown Wheel Drawing 24

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19 Side Gear 24

20 Differential Drawing 24

21 Ansys Workbench 45

22 Selection of Workbench 45

23 Static Structural Workbench 46

24 Engineering Data 46

25 Selection of material in Engineering Data 47

26 Selection of Geometry 48

27 Workbench Tree 49

28 Mesh Generation 49

29 Adding Moments to the assembly 50

30 Generating Solution 51

31 Total Deformation of GCI at 380 N.m Torque 51

32 Equivalent Elastic Strain of GCI at 380 N.m Torque 52

33 Von-Mises Stresses of GCI at 380 N.m Torque 52

34 Total Deformation of GCI at 545 N.m Torque 53

35 Equivalent Elastic Strain of GCI at 545 N.m Torque 53

36 Von-Mises Stresses of GCI at 545 N.m Torque 54

37 Total Deformation of GCI at 610 N.m Torque 54

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38 Equivalent Elastic Strain of GCI at 610 N.m Torque 55

39 Von-Mises Stresses of GCI at 610 N.m Torque 55

40 Total Deformation ofAl Alloy at 380 N.m Torque 56

41 Equivalent Elastic Strain of Al Alloy at 380 N.m Torque 56

42 Von-Mises Stresses ofAl Alloy at 380 N.m Torque 57

43 Total Deformation of Al Alloy at 545 N.m Torque 57

44 Equivalent Elastic Strain of Al Alloy at 545 N.m Torque 58

45 Von-Mises Stresses ofAl Alloy at 545 N.m Torque 58

46 Total Deformation of Al Alloy at 610 N.m Torque 59

47 Equivalent Elastic Strain of Al Alloy at 610 N.m Torque 59

48 Von-Mises Stresses of Al Alloy at 610 N.m Torque 60

49 Total Deformation of Maraging Steelat 380 N.m Torque 60

50 Equivalent Elastic Strain of Maraging Steelat 380 N.m 61

Torque
51 Total Deformation of Maraging Steelat 545 N.m Torque 61

52 Equivalent Elastic Strain of Maraging Steelat 545 N.m 62

Torque
53 Von-Mises Stresses ofMaraging Steelat 545 N.m Torque 62

54 Total Deformation of Maraging Steelat 610 N.m Torque 63

55 Equivalent Elastic Strain of Maraging Steelat 610 N.m 63

Torque
56 Von-Mises Stresses of Maraging Steelat 610 N.m Torque 64

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 LIST OF TABLES

Page
Table No. Description
No.

Table 1 Properties of Grey Cast Iron 28

Table 2 Properties of Maraging steel 33

Table 3 Properties of Aluminium Alloy 38

Table 4 Beam Strength and Wear Strength of different materials 43

Table 5 Results for Gray Cast Iron 66

Table 6 Results for Aluminium Alloy 66

Table 7 Results for Maraging Steel 67

LIST OF GRAPHS

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Graph No. Description Page No.

1 Comparison of total deformation at different torque of Grey 64

Cast Iron, Aluminium Alloy and Maraging Steel

2 Comparison of Equivalent Elastic Strain at different torque 65

of Grey Cast Iron, Aluminium Alloy and Maraging Steel
3 Comparison of Von-Mises Stresses at different torque of 65
Grey Cast Iron, Aluminium Alloy and Maraging Steel

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