Construction Manual
Uploaded by
ANSARI71Construction Manual
Uploaded by
ANSARI71MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
AND
AGREEMENT ADMINISTRATIVE GUIDE
A Pacific Telesis Company
REPRINTED MAY, 2001
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Title Page
1 LINE FACILITIES DESCRIPTION AND STRENGTH 1-1
1. General 1-1
2. Strand Description 1-1
3. Materials And Strength 1-2
2-1 CLEARANCES 2-1-1
1. Clearances 2-1-1
2-2 CLEARANCES FOR AERIAL PLANT
(FOR USE IN CALIFORNIA ONLY) 2-2-1
1. General 2-2-1
2. Definitions 2-2-2
3. Line Of Sight Requirements For Telephone And Supply Conductors 2-2-5
4. Clearances For Telephone Poles Or Stubs 2-2-9
5. Horizontal Clearances For Telephone Conductors 2-2-11
6. Vertical Clearances For Telephone Conductors Above Ground,
Rails, Buildings, Etc. 2-2-16
7. Vertical Clearances At Crossings Between Telephone Conductors
And Foreign Conductors Or Guys On Separate Poles 2-2-20
8. Clearances For Telephone Or Supply Service Drops On
Clearance Crossarms 2-2-23
9. Clearances Between Telephone And Supply Service Drops In The Span 2-2-29
10. Vertical Clearances Between Telephone Conductors And Supply
Conductors, Guys, Equipment, Or Police And Fire Alarm Circuits
On The Same Pole 2-2-30
11. Vertical Clearances Between Communication Conductors
On The Same Pole 2-2-45
12. Cable Terminals, Protector Mountings, Miscellaneous Telephone
Equipment, And Wiring 2-2-46
13. Climbing Space 2-2-47
14. Vertical Runs, Risers, And Ground Wires 2-2-60
15. Telephone Guy Clearances 2-2-63
16. Clearances From Signs 2-2-66
17. Clearances From Swimming Pools 2-2-67
2-3 MEASURING CLEARANCES AND SEPARATIONS FOR
AERIAL PLANT 2-3-1
1. General 2-3-1
2. Measuring Separations At The Pole 2-3-1
3. Mesuring Clearances And Separations In The Span 2-3-1
3 POLE LINE HARDWARE DESCRIPTION AND USE 3-1
1. General 3-1
2. Suspension Clamps 3-1
3. Machine Bolts 3-2
4. Reinforcing Straps 3-4
5. Reinforcing Links 3-6
6. Table of Hardware for Attaching Suspension Strand 3-9
7. Guy Hooks 3-11
8. Guy Clamps 3-14
9. Guy Grips 3-15
10. Strandvises 3-17
11. Pole Attachment Illustrations 3-19
12. Telco Solely Owned Poles Joint Use – Telco And
Licensee 3-22
13. Hardware Requirements — Self-Supporting Line Facilities With
Solid Support Wire 3-23
4 ANCHORS AND RODS 4-1
1. General 4-1
2. Field Of Use 4-2
3. Description Of Guy Rods 4-3
4. Expanding Anchors 4-4
5. Screw Anchors 4-9
6. Adding An Eye To Existing Guy Rod 4-12
7. Manta Ray Anchors 4-12
5 GUYING GENERAL 5-1
1. General 5-1
2. Types Of Guys 5-1
3. Determining Lead And Height 5-3
4. Determining Pull 5-5
5. Pull Finder Description 5-6
6. Pull Finder Use 5-6
7. Determining Size Of Guy Strand 5-8
6-1 GROUNDING OR INSULATING GUYS GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS 6-1-1
1. General 6-1-1
2. Definition Of “Exposed Guy” 6-1-1
3. Definition Of “Guy In Proximity” 6-1-3
4. Purpose Of Grounding Or Placing Strain Insulators In Guys 6-1-3
5. Explanation Of Voltage Designations 6-1-3
6. Types Of Grounds 6-1-4
7. Requirements Where Guy Is Exposed To Voltages Of 250 – 22,500
Only (Not In Proximity) 6-1-4
8. Requirements Where Guy Is Exposed To Voltages In Excess Of 22,500
Only 6-1-7
9. Requirements Where Guy Is Exposed To Voltages In Excess Of 22,500
And Also To Voltages Of 250-22,500 (Not In Proximity) 6-1-7
10. Requirements Where Guy Is In Proximity To Voltages Of 22,500 Or Less 6-1-7
11. Requirements Where Guy Is In Proximity To Voltages Of 22,500 Or Less
And Exposed To Voltages In Excess Of 22,500 6-1-11
12. Special Requirements 6-1-11
13. Grounding Or Insulating Two Or More Exposed Class C Guys On A Pole 6-1-13
14. Extensions Of Suspension Strand 6-1-13
15. Connections Between Different Aerial Cable Systems 6-1-13
16. Tabular Summary Of Requirements For Grounding Or Insulating Guys 6-1-14
6-2 LOCATION OF STRAIN INSULATORS EXPOSED CABLE
GUYS (NOT IN PROXIMITY) ILLUSTRATIONS 6-2-1
1. General 6-2-1
2. Isolated Aerial Cable 6-2-1
3. Aerial Cable Connected To A Buried Or Underground Cable Or
Central Office Ground 6-2-1
6-3 LOCATION OF STRAIN INSULATORS CABLE GUYS IN
PROXIMITY ILLUSTRATIONS 6-3-1
1. General 6-3-1
2. Non-Joint Construction 6-3-1
3. Joint Construction 6-3-3
4. Joint Construction Plus Other “Exposure” 6-3-15
5. Joint Construction Plus Other “Proximity” 6-3-24
7 STEPPING POLES 7-1
1. General 7-1
2. Description Of Steps 7-1
3. Poles To Be Stepped 7-1
4. Locating Pole Steps 7-2
5. Placing Steps 7-4
6. Locating Work Steps 7-5
7. Placing Mountings For Detachable Pole Steps 7-7
8. Checking Steps Placed 7-9
8 CABLE CROSSARMS (TYPE E OR EQUIVALENT) 8-1
1. General 8-1
2. Description 8-1
3. Use 8-3
4. Installation 8-6
9 GUARD ARMS 9-1
1. General 9-1
2. Installing Guard Arms 9-3
3. Arrangement Of Guard Arms 9-4
4. Description Of Licensee Guard Arm 9-7
10 BONDING AND GROUNDING 10-1
1. General 10-1
2. Bonding Rules 10-1
3. Methods Of Bonding And Grounding 10-2
11 SERVICE DROP ATTACHMENTS 11-1
1. General 11-1
2. Drive Hooks 11-1
3. Guard Arms 11-4
4. Guard Arm Hooks 11-4
5. Wire Runs From Guard Arms And Cable Arms 11-5
12 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AND WORK RULES
UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION 12-1
1. General 12-1
2. General Precautions And Work Rules 12-1
13 GUARDING WORK AREAS 13-1
1. General 13-1
2. Precautions 13-5
3. Job Presurvey 13-7
4. Highways 13-8
5. City Streets And Alleys 13-12
6. Shoulder Locations 13-15
7. During Hours Of Darkness 13-15
14 TESTING AND VENTILATING MANHOLES 14-1
1. General 14-1
2. Precautions 14-1
3. Interpreting Gas Indicator Readings 14-2
4. Blower Capacities 14-4
5. Blower Maintenance 14-4
6. Setups For Testing And Purging Manholes 14-5
7. Determining Purge Times 14-14
8. Testing For Combustible Gas And Ventilating Manholes 14-17
15 BONDING CABLES IN MANHOLES 15-1
1. General 15-1
2. Locations Of Bonds 15-1
3. Placing Bonds 15-1
16 IDENTIFICATION MARKERS FOR
UNDERGROUND CABLE AND AERIAL CABLE 16-1
1. General 16-1
2. Cable Tag / Marker Locations 16-1
17 SEALING DUCTS 17-1
1. General 17-1
2. Where Seals Are Required 17-2
3. Rubber Duct Plug – Description 17-3
4. Installing Rubber Duct Plugs 17-10
5. Removing Rubber Duct Plugs 17-12
6. Caulking Materials — Description 17-16
7. Installing Waterplug 17-17
8. Installing Plastic Duct Seal 17-18
9. Wooden Duct Plugs 17-18
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 1
LINE FACILITIES
DESCRIPTION AND STRENGTH
1. GENERAL
1.1 This section covers the types and sizes of strand recommended for use as
suspension or guy strand.
1.2 Only cable providing Class C Communications supported by a standard stranded
messenger or self-supporting cable shall be installed as line facilities of a
Licensees system.
2. STRAND DESCRIPTION
2.1 Licensee cables, in general, are supported on 6.6M extra high strength galvanized
suspension strand, 6M (See Table A) utility grade strand, or larger strand as
required by the load to be supported.
TABLE A
STRAND BREAKING STRENGTHS
STRAND SIZE BREAKING STRENGTH NORMALLY REFERRED
(INCHES) (POUNDS) TO AS
1/4 EHS 6,600 6.6M
5/16 6,000 6M
3/8 11,000 10M
7/16 18,000 16M
1/2 25,000 25M
2.2 Strand with Class A galvanizing is recommended for use in areas where corrosive
conditions are classified as normal. Class C galvanizing should be used in areas
classified as severely corrosive. The appropriate Telco design engineer will
provide information regarding corrosive conditions associated with applications,
when requested.
2.3 Strand used for guys will be of the correct size adequate to hold the load. Table A
shows the breaking strength of strand used for suspension strand and guys.
1 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 1
3. MATERIALS AND STRENGTH
3.1 When computed for the span lengths and sags involved, strands shall be of
sufficient strength to support, with a safety factor of 2, the sum of the following
loads:
3.1.1 Weight of cable and strand.
3.1.2 Loads imposed by loading conditions specified in Rule 43 of GO. 95.
3.1.3 A concentrated load of 200 pounds at mid-span.
NOTE: In heavy loading areas, if the ice loading exceeds 200 pounds, the
concentrated load can be omitted from the calculations.
3.2 Integral stranded supported cables shall meet the same strength requirements.
Self-supporting cables having a single solid support wire must also meet the
above requirements with the exception of item (c).
3.3 The following restrictions apply to self supporting cable having a solid support
wire:
3.3.1 The cable must be attached directly to poles above all other
communication attachments, or may be supported on top of a cable arm in
accordance with Fig.’s 2 and 3, Section 9.
3.3.2 No mid-span service drop attachments are permitted. (Drops may be
attached to and supported by the cable within working distance from the
pole.)
3.3.3 Only stranded messengers having a 6,000 pounds (minimum) rated
breaking strength shall be used to support line facilities crossing railroad
tracks.
1 – Page 2
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 1
CLEARANCES
1. CLEARANCES
1.1 This section contains clearance requirements not defined in Part 1.
1.2 The appropriate Telco design engineer will consider future Telco space
requirements when determining if the separation herein will be adequate.
1.3 When communication conductors are attached directly to the surface of poles that
are jointly used with electric supply lines:
1.3.1 Licensee cables shall always be placed above the uppermost telephone
conductor unless other wise specified in sections of this manual.
1.3.2 Licensee cables shall be placed 24 inches above the highest telephone
grade (1st choice) or 24 inches above the highest telephone cable (2nd
choice) to allow for future cable placements.
1.3.3 When 24-inch vertical separation is not attainable, the maximum
separation between Licensee and Telco conductors should be achieved. In
no case, however, will less than 12 inches of vertical separation between
the uppermost telephone cable and Licensee cable be permitted. This
minimum will be permitted only where the radial separation requirements
are met.
1.3.4 Where there will be less than 18 inches of vertical separation between the
uppermost telephone conductor and the Licensee’s cable on existing or
planned Telco terminal poles. Licensees must install guard arm and move
drops to the arm or pay Telco to place arm and move drops.
1.4 Licensees coaxial service wire attached at or near mid-span shall be sagged so
that the supporting messenger to which it is attached will not be pulled out of line
by more than six inches. Where possible, mid-span services should be balanced
by wires serving in opposite directions.
1.5 Other applicable clearance requirements are outlined below:
1.5.1 Licensees strand mounted equipment and/or expansion loops or drip loops
must have at least 6 inches radial clearance from all telephone messengers,
cables, and associated apparatus to allow for Telco cable lashing. (See
Figs. 2 and 3.)
2 – 1 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 1
1.5.2 When telephone and Licensee messengers are attached to separate cable
suspension bolts. Licensee messengers shall be sized and sagged to
support the Licensee cable and provide not less than 12 inches vertical
separation from messenger-supported telephone cables at 60 F. Property
self supporting cable must also meet this requirement.
1.5.3 Telco and Licensee service drops shall have separations from line cables
of the other system of not less than 3 inches for crossings in a span when
both systems are supported on the same poles.
1.5.4 The radial separation between telephone service drops and Licensee
service wires shall be not less than 12 inches in the span. However, within
15 feet of the point of attachment of either service at a pole of building,
this clearance may be reduced to 6 inches.
1.5.5 On buildings, the minimum clearance between parallel runs of telephone
service drops or cable and Licensee service wires or equipment is 4
inches.
1.5.6 A minimum separation of 24 inches is required between Licensee and
Telco messengers and cables at crossings when they are supported on
separate poles. When 24 inches cannot be obtained, the construction
method described in Figure 1 may be used. Licensee’s facilities must
meet the provisions of Section 1 before method shown in Fig. 1 will be
permitted.
1.6 When Telco service drops meet the requirements of GO 95 and the clearances
shown in Figs. 2 and 3, transfer of Telco service drops to the guard arm placed
above Licensees facilities is not required.
2 – 1 – Page 2
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 1
2 – 1 – Page 3
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 1
2 – 1 – Page 4
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
CLEARANCES FOR AERIAL PLANT
(FOR USE IN CALIFORNIA ONLY)
1. GENERAL
1.1 This section specifies the MINIMUM clearances and climbing space requirements
for all aerial telephone plants in California. It includes requirements for telephone
plants in the proximity of swimming pools.
NOTE: If clearances specified in other Sections conflict with the values given
herein, the minimum requirements of this section shall govern in all cases.
1.2 This section reissued to:
1.2.1 Update information on line-of-sight requirements.
1.2.2 Include the appropriate legend on Page 1 in accordance with AT&T’s
"Guidelines and Procedures for Safeguarding Information" and Pacific
Company’s (PAC) System Instruction (SI) 178.
NOTE: Marginal arrows used to denote changes are omitted.
1.3 It should be specifically understood that clearances and climbing space
requirements shown in this section are the MINIMUM permitted by the California
State law General Order 95 (GO95) governing overhead line construction.
Greater clearances shall be provided where necessary to ensure maintaining these
clearances; or, where required by local ordinances or regulations; or, if safe
working conditions cannot otherwise be obtained.
1.4 Vertical clearances specified herein are those, which are required at 60˚ F with no
wind. Greater clearances shall be provided if sag under conditions of maximum
temperature and loading would reduce specified vertical clearances by more than:
1.4.1 5% over railroads transporting standard freight cars.
1.4.2 10% in all other cases.
1.5 Clearances between telephone plant and supply conductors or equipment are
based on telephone plant being maintained at the lower level. As a safety measure
this condition shall be met wherever possible. Where it is necessary to place
telephone plant above supply conductors or equipment (other than supply service
drops or trolley feeders and contact conductors), the matter should be referred to
your supervisor for special construction methods.
2 – 2 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
1.6 Poles supporting power conductors above 25,000 volts (often called
subtransmission lines) may present protection problems. Attachments may be
made to a single pole supporting power conductors between 25,000 and 150,000
volts without special approval. However, pole-to-pole drop wire or C Rural wire
runs are not allowed. Proposed pole-to-pole cable construction must be referred to
the Protection Engineer.
1.7 The side of a pole to which conductors are attached is often governed by climbing
space requirements. Where power rack construction is involved, the line facilities
of each company should be attached to the same side of a pole to avoid possible
violation of climbing space requirements.
1.8 CAUTION: In no case shall measurements actually be made to supply
conductors. For methods to be used when making measurements to supply wires
or equipment refer to Section 620-255-980PT.
1.9 Among other requirements, the California Law provides that:
1.9.1 Splices in Higher Voltage Circuits at crossings over any telephone toll line
or any other telephone line of more than four conductors (open, paired, or
in cable) shall not be made or permitted unless the consent of all parties
involved in such crossing spans is obtained.
1.9.2 Supply poles, which are stubbed or carry pole top extensions at such
crossings, are prohibited. If the construction of telephone lines would
create crossings as mentioned above, refer the matter to the Outside Plant
Engineer.
1.10 Consent Agreements have been executed with some of the power companies
operating in our areas to cover the requirements of 1.9.1. It shall be the
responsibility of the Outside Plant Engineer to verify that such agreement exists.
2. DEFINITIONS
2.1 For this section, the following definitions are given:
2.1.1 Approximately Parallel – a guy and a conductor or two guys are
approximately parallel when one guy does not intersect either the
horizontal or vertical plane in which the conductor or other guy lies.
2.1.2 Cable means a stranded conductor or a combination of conductors
insulated from one another, excluding service drops.
2.1.3 Clearance Crossarm means a crossarm supporting service drops
(telephone or supply) installed on a pole above another line for the
2 – 2 – Page 2
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
purpose of maintaining prescribed clearances. Which if the other line did
not exist, clearance could be maintained without such clearance arm.
2.1.3.1 The installatoin of a supply clearance crossarm on an existing
telephone pole does not entail any change in climbing space or
conductor arrangement on the pole.
2.1.3.2 A clearance crossarm may accommodate more than one
complete service drop providing none of the service drops
originate from such arm. If any service drop originates from the
clerance arm, the pole shall be considered as a jointly used pole
and the required clearances and climbing space provided.
2.1.3.3 Where a new pole line is to be built or existing poles replaced
and clearance crossarms are involved, the length of the new poles
should be such that service drop attachments can be made with
clearances and climbing space as required for jointly used poles
without the need for a crossarm.
2.1.4 Collinear Lines are generally lines so situated that one line is wholly or
partly over the other line.
2.1.5 Conflicting Lines mean lines so situated with respect to each other (except
at crossings) that the overturning of one line will result in contact of its
poles or conductors with the poles or conductors of the second line,
assuming no conductors are broken in either line.
NOTE: Lines on opposite sides of a thoroughfare are not considered as
conflicting if separated by a distance not less than 60 per cent of the height
of the higher pole line above the ground line and in no case less than 20
feet.
2.1.6 Crossings occur when conductors and/or guys are attached to separate
poles and intersect the vertical plane in which the other conductor and/or
guy lies.
2.1.7 Districts –
2.1.7.1 Rural Districts are all areas not urban, usually in the country but
in some cases within city limits.
2.1.7.2 Urban Districts are thickly settled areas, whether in cities or
suburbs, or where congested traffic often occurs. Highways on
which vehicular traffic is often very heavy, or locations such as:
picnic grounds, summer resorts, etc, where people congregate
seasonally, are considered as urban.
2 – 2 – Page 3
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
NOTE: If poles are so located along roads or highways that there
is any likelihood of heavy vehicular travel under the wires or
cables supported on the pole line, they shall be cobnsidered as
urban districts.
2.1.8 Drop Wire Runs Along the Lead (sometimes called Drop Cables) are
paired wire runs placed in lieu of open wire or cable, or are sections of
drop wire attached to two or more line poles or between a pole and a span
clamp.
2.1.9 Guard Arms are wood crossarms installed on poles directly above and
generally parallel to the messenger, cable, or conductor being guarded.
2.1.10 Joint Use of Poles or Poles Jointly Used means occupancy of poles or
structures by circuits of different ownership or by two or more of the
following classes of circuits of the same ownership:
2.1.10.1 Communication circuits for public use.
2.1.10.2 Railway or trolley circuits.
2.1.10.3 Supply circuits other than trolley circuits.
2.1.11 Lateral Runs are conductors or cable extending in a general horizontal
direction.
2.1.12 Open Wires are communication conductors separately supported.
2.1.13 Passing of a guy and a conductor or two guys occurs:
2.1.13.1 When the guy and conductor or the two guys are attached to
separate poles and the guy intersects either the horizontal plane
in which the conductor or other guy lies; or,
2.1.13.2 When the guy and conductor or the two guys are attached to
the same pole and the guy intersects either the horizontal or
vertical plane in which the conductor or other guy lies.
2.1.14 Pitch of a Roof means its inclination or slope as related to the horizontal
span. A roof with less than a 3/8-pitch will rise less than 3 feet vertically
in a horizontal distance of 4 feet.
2.1.15 Premises Served means the property of one ownership which may have
one or more buildings.
2.1.16 Radial clearances are distances measured in any direction.
2 – 2 – Page 4
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
2.1.17 Risers are cables or conductors, excluding ground wires, which extend
below the ground line.
2.1.18 Service Drops are conductors (power or telephone), cable or wire,
extending from a pole line to a building or structure, a service and meter
pole, or between buildings. The term “service drop” does not apply to any
portion of a run extending between two or more line poles or between a
pole and a span clamp.
2.1.19 Supply Wires or Cables are those used to transmit a supply of electrical
energy.
2.1.20 Swimming Pool means that portion of any natural or artificially contained
body of water which is 24 inches or more in depth and at any point below
the highest water level, which is intended for swimming, bathing, or other
similar recreational purposes, and which has a surface area exceeding 100
square feet.
2.1.21 Vertical Runs are conductors or cable attached vertically on poles, but
which do not extend to the ground line.
3. LINE OF SIGHT REQUIREMENTS FOR TELEPHONE AND SUPPLY
CONDUCTORS
3.1 The vertical separations between telephone wire or cable and supply circuits at
Crossings or on Jointly Used Poles specified in this practice are minimum values,
and it may be necessary to provide additional separation at the pole to meet the
line of sight requirements. Sketches A through E and the associated tables
indicate span/midspan requirements.
NOTE: Line of Sight Requirements are Bell System and PAC standards, but are
not required under California law.
2 – 2 – Page 5
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
2 – 2 – Page 6
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
2 – 2 – Page 7
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
3.2 To determine the clearances required from power conductors, it is necessary to
know the voltage of the power wires and also whether they are, or are not, part of
a grounded system. Clearances for grounded power systems are based upon their
voltage to ground; for other systems, clearances depend upon the voltage between
wires. Most grounded power systems include a grouned conductor which as many
connections to ground. Such conductors are called multigrounded neutrals and
are generally considered to be effectively grounded.
CAUTION: Power companies occasionally attach the neutral ABOVE the
phase wire. Therefore, it is important to identify the neutral wire before
determining separation requirements. Observing the presence of the
following can usually identify the neutral:
3.2.1 The neutral is usually bonded to a vertical ground wire at least every 1300
feet and more often when transformers are present.
3.2.2 The neutral is normally bonded to power guys which do not contain
insulators.
3.2.3 Neutrals are sometimes carried on smaller insulators than those carrying
phase wires.
2 – 2 – Page 8
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
4. CLEARANCES FOR TELEPHONE POLES OR STUBS
A. FROM FIRE HYDRANTS, SIGNAL PEDESTALS, OR NEAREST PART OF
3 FT.
ORNAMENTAL STREET LIGHTS MEASURED FROM POLE SURFACE.
B. FROM RAILWAY TRACKS, MEASURED FROM SURFACE OF POLE TO NEAREST 12 FT.
RAIL. (SEE 4.1)
C. FROM CURM LINES, MEASURED FROM SURFACE OF POLE TO STREET SIDE OF
6 IN.
CURB.
D. FROM FOREIGN COMMUNICATION CONDUCTORS WHICH PASS BUT ARE NOT
ATTACHED MUST MEET BOTH OF THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTS: 15 IN.
(SEE 4.2)
1. MEASURED HORIZONTALLY FROM CENTER LINE OF POLE.
5 IN.
2. MEASURED HORIZONTALLY FROM SURFACE OF POLE.
(SEE 4.2)
E. FROM SUPPLY WIRES OR CABLES, INCLUDING TROLLEY FEEDERS, WHICH PASS
(SEE 4.3)
BUT ARE NOT ATTACHED, MEASURED FROM CENTER LINE OF POLE.
4.1 Where the 12-foot clearance cannot be obtained, the clearance may be reduced to
not less than the following values with specific approval of the railroad
concerned:
4.1.1 For straight tracks – 6 feet 6 inches
4.1.2 For curved tracks – 7 feet 6 inches
NOTE: Crossarms, guys, or other pole attachments located less than 23 feet
above rails shall have a minimum horizontal distance from the rail of not less than
that specified for the pole or stub locations above.
4.2 An unobstructed climbing space must be maintained (see 13.7).
4.3 Where it is necessary to place telephone poles or stubs, which only support
telephone attachments, under or adjacent to supply wires the horizontal and/or
vertical clearance between the pole or stub and the nearest supply wire shall not
be less than indicated in Fig. 1
2 – 2 – Page 9
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
2 – 2 – Page 10
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
5. HORIZONTAL CLEARANCES FOR TELEPHONE CONDUCTORS
NOTE: See Part 10 H for Clearances between Telephone Conductors and Foreign Guys.
TELEPHONE
CABLES OR TELEPHONE
TELEPHONE
DROP WIRE SERVICE
OPEN WIRE
RUNS ALONG DROPS
THE LEAD
A. FROM BUILDING WALLS.
NOTE: AVOID OBSTRUCTING WINDOWS, DOORS,
ETC, OR CAUSING INTERFERENCE TO FIREMEN OR 3 FT. NONE NONE
WORKERS.
B. FROM BRIDGES OR OTHER STRUCTURES UPON
3 FT. NONE NONE
WHICH CRAFT PERSONNEL MAY WORK.
C. FROM STEEL TOWERS OR STEEL POLES
SUPPORTING SUPPLY CONDUCTORS, AND TO WHICH
22-1/2 IN. 22-1/2 IN. 22-1/2 IN.
TELEPHONE CONDUCTORS ARE NOT ATTACHED.
(EXCLUDING ORNAMENTAL STREET LIGHT POLES.)
D. FROM NON-CLIMBABLE (ORNAMENTAL) STREET
LIGHT STANDARDS.
1. STANDARDS WHICH ARE FED BY AERIAL SUPPLY
CONDUCTORS.
22-1/2 IN.
A. METALLIC STANDARDS. 22-1/2 IN. (SEE 5.5) NONE
B. NONMETALLIC STANDARDS SUCH AS
CONCRETE. 3 IN. NONE NONE
2. STANDARDS WHICH ARE FED BY UNDERGROUND
3 IN. NONE NONE
SUPPLY CONDUCTORS.
E. FROM CENTER LINE OF WOOD POLES TO WHICH
TELEPHONE CONDUCTORS ARE NOT ATTACHED.
1. POLES SUPPORTING FOREIGN COMMUNICATION 15 IN 15 IN.
CONDUCTORS ONLY. (SEE 5.2) (SEE 5.2) 22-1/2 IN.
2. POLES SUPPORTING SUPPLY CONDUCTORS, ALL
VOLTAGES.
A. WHEN PASSING SUPPLY POLES LESS THAN 10
FEET FROM TELEPHONE POLES. 15 IN. 15 IN. 15 IN.
B. WHEN PASSING SUPPLY POLES 10 FEET OR
22-1/2 IN. 22-1/2 IN. 22-1/2 IN.
MORE FROM TELEPHONE POLES.
2 – 2 – Page 11
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
TELEPHONE
CABLES OR TELEPHONE
TELEPHONE
DROP WIRE SERVICE
OPEN WIRE
RUNS ALONG DROPS
THE LEAD
F. FROM CENTER LINE OF WOOD POLES ON WHICH
TELEPHONE CONDUCTORS ARE SUPPORTED ON
CROSSARMS.
1. TOLL CIRCUITS ON COMMUNICATION POLES
SUPPORTING NO SUPPLY CONDUCTORS OTHER
THAN SUPPLY SERVICE DROPS ON CLEARANCE
CROSSARMS
A. STRAIGHT SECTIONS OF LINE. 9 IN. 9 IN. —
B. CORNERS IN LINE. (SEE 13.5.5) 9 IN. —
C. BUCK ARM CONSTRUCTION. (SEE 13.6) — —
2. EXCHANGE CIRCUITS ON COMMUNICATION POLES
SUPPORTING NO SUPPLY CONDUCTORS OTHER
THAN SUPPLY SERVICE DROPS ON CLEARANCE
CROSSARMS.
15 IN.
A. STRAIGHT SECTIONS OF LINE. (SEE 5.3) 15 IN. —
B. CORNERS IN LINE. (SEE 13.5.5) 15 IN. —
C. BUCK ARM CONSTRUCTION (SEE 13.6) — —
3. TOLL OR EXCHANGE CIRCUITS ON POLES
SUPPORTING SUPPLY CONDUCTORS OTHER
THAN SUPPLY SERVICE DROPS ON CLEARANCE
CROSSARMS.
A. STRAIGHT SECTIONS OF LINE. 15 IN. 15 IN. —
(SEE
B. CORNERS IN LINE. 15 IN. —
13.4.1.2)
C. BUCK ARM CONSTRUCTION (SEE 13.6) — —
G. WHEN TELEPHONE CONDUCTORS ARE ATTACHED
PART 13 PART 13 PART 13
TO WOOD POLES.
H. FROM CONDUCTORS SUPPORTED ON CONFLICTING
POLE LINES, ON POLE LINES APPROACHING
CROSSINGS, AND ON COLLINEAR LINES.
1. FOREIGN COMMUNICATION CONDUCTORS. 2 FT. 2 FT. 2 FT.
2. SUPPLY WIRES AND CABLES, INCLUDING TROLLEY
(SEE 5.4) (SEE 5.4) (SEE 5.4)
FEEDERS.
3. SUPPLY SERVICE DROPS (0-750 VOLTS). (SEE 5.4) (SEE 5.4) (SEE 9.1)
2 – 2 – Page 12
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
5.1 If it is not practicable to obtain the 3-foot clearance from the walls or under side
of the structure, the clearance may be reduced to 6 inches, or to 3 inches provided
the conductor supports are not more than 50 feet apart.
5.2 In addition, telephone conductors must have 5 inches clearance from the pole
surface and an unobstructed climbing space must be maintained (see 13.7).
5.3 This clearance may be reduced to not less than 9 inches under the following
conditions:
5.3.1 Where the conductors are supported on crossarms originally placed as toll
crossarms and no cable is attached to the pole less than 2 feet below the
conductors on the lowest crossarm.
5.3.2 Where conductors are supported on a crossarm in the pole top position in
rural districts and no conductors are supported below such crossarm
except supply service drops on clearance crossarms.
NOTE: Crossarms with 30 inch climbing space may be added to such
leads provided that when the pole or top crossarm is replaced crossarms
with 30 inch climbing space are used.
5.4 Clearances shown in the following figures shall be maintained between telephone
conductors and conductors supported on other pole lines which are collinear, in
conflict, or approaching crossings.
5.4.1 Between telephone cable or wire and line conductors on foreign poles.
(See Fig. 2.)
5.4.2 Between open wire telephone conductors and supply service drops
attached to foreign poles. (See Fig. 3.)
5.4.3 Between telephone cables, extended messengers, or conductors supoted on
messengers and supply service drops. (See Fig. 4.)
NOTE: If the point where the drop crosses the cable or passes the cable
laterally is within 6 feet from any pole, this clearance shall be 4 feet.
5.5 This clearance is not required for drop wire runs along the lead providing
mechanical protection is placed where necessary. This clearance is not required
for telephone cable providing the cable and supporting messenger is suitably
insulated for the street lighting voltage involved with a guard for a distance of
3 feet from the center line of the street light standard and mechanical protection is
placed where necessary. See Section 627-360-200 for suitable insulation and
protection guard.
2 – 2 – Page 13
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
2 – 2 – Page 14
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
2 – 2 – Page 15
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
6. VERTICAL CLEARANCES FOR TELEPHONE CONDUCTORS ABOVE
GROUND, RAILS, BUILDINGS, ETC.
TELEPHONE CABLES OR TELEPHONE
A. WHERE WIRES OR CABLES CROSS OVER: DROP WIRE RUNS SERVICE
ALONG THE LEAD DROPS
1. PUBLIC THOROUGHFARES (HIGHWAYS, STREETS,
ROADS, OR ALLEYS) IN RURAL OR URBAN 18 FT.
DISTRICTS. 18 FT. (SEE 6.1)
2. RAILWAYS WHICH TRANSPORT STANDARD FREIGHT
CARS WHERE NOT OPERATED BY OVERHEAD
TROLLEY WIRES.
NOTE: THE 35-FOOT CLEARANCE SPECIFIED SHALL
BE INCREASED TO 27 FEET FOR TELEPHONE WIRES 25 FT. 25 FT.
(INCLUDING DROP WIRES) THAT ARE NOT
SUPPORTED BY A SUSPENSION STRAND, UNLESS A
25-FOOT CLEARANCE IS AGREED TO BY A PERMIT
APPROVED BY THE RAILROAD COMPANY INVOLVED.
3. RAILWAYS AND ELECTRIC STREET BUSSES WHERE
(SEE 6.2) (SEE 6.2)
OPERATED BY OVERHEAD TROLLEY WIRES.
4. RAILWAYS NOT INCLUDED IN 2 OR 3, ABOVE. 18 FT. 18 FT.
5. PRIVATE THOROUGHFARES IN RURAL AND URBAN
DISTRICTS INTENDED TO PROVIDE NORMAL
ENTRANCE TO A PARTICULAR PREMISE FOR
OCCUPANTS AND VISITORS.
A. INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL, OR AGRICULTURAL
PREMISES. 18 FT. 16 FT.
12 FT.
B. RESIDENTIAL PREMISES 18 FT.
(SEE 6.3)
6. PRIVATE VEHICULAR ENTRANCES TO FIELDS, 15 FT. 15 FT.
ORCHARDS, ETC. (IN RURAL DISTRICTS). (SEE 6.4) (SEE 6.4)
7. AREAS CAPABLE OF BEING TRAVERSED BY
15 FT. 15 FT.
AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT.
8. AIRID OR MOUNTAINOUS AREAS NOT UNDER
CULTIVATION AND OVER WHICH THERE IS NO
LIKELIHOOD OF VEHICULAR OR AGRICULTURAL 13 FT. 13 FT.
TRAFFIC – INCLUDES AREAS ACCESSIBLE TO
HORSEBACK RIDERS.
9. AREAS ACCESSIBLE TO PEDESTRIANS ONLY.
A. INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL PREMISES. 8 FT. 12 FT.
10 FT.
B. ALL OTHER AREAS 8 FT.
(SEE 6.5)
2 – 2 – Page 16
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
TELEPHONE CABLES OR TELEPHONE
DROP WIRE RUNS SERVICE
ALONG THE LEAD DROPS
10. ROOFS OF ALL BUILDINGS ON PREMISES SERVED.
A. ROOFS HAVING PITCH LESS THAN 3/8. (SEE C
BELOW.) 8 FT. 3 IN.
B. ROOFS HAVING PITCH OF 3/8 OR GREATER. 2 FT. 3 IN.
C. WHERE CONDUCTORS DO NOT OVERHANG
BUILDING BY MORE THAN 6 FEET MEASURED
2 FT. 3 IN.
HORIZONTALLY AND AT A RIGHT ANGLE TO THE
CONDUCTORS – ROOFS OF ANY PITCH.
11. ROOFS OF BUILDINGS ON PREMISES OTHER THAN
THE ONE SERVED.
A. ROOFS HAVING PITCH LESS THAN 3/8. (SEE C
BELOW.) 8 FT. 8 FT.
B. ROOFS HAVING PITCH OF 3/8 OR GREATER. 2 FT. 2 FT.
C. WHERE CONDUCTORS DO NOT OVERHANG
BUILDING BY MORE THAN 6 FEET MEASURED
2 FT. 2 FT.
HORIZONTALLY AND AT A RIGHT ANGLE TO THE
CONDUCTORS – ROOFS OF ANY PITCH.
12. WATERWAYS – PROVIDE CLEARANCE AS SPECIFIED
— —
BY PROPER AUTHORITIES.
13. OTHER OBSTACLES, INCLUDING STRUCTURES ON
8 FT. 8 FT.
WHICH WORKERS MAY WALK.
B. WHERE WIRES OR CABLES RUN ALONG HIGHWAYS,
STREETS, ROADS OR ALLEYS
1. IN URBAN DISTRICTS GENERALLY. SEE ITEM 4
BELOW. 18 FT. —
2. IN RURAL DISTRICTS GENERALLY. SEE ITEM 3 AND 4
15 FT. —
BELOW.
3. IN RURAL DISTRICTS, ONLY WHERE NO PART OF THE
LINE OVERHANGS THE PART OF THE
THOROUGHFARE ORDINARILY TRAVELED, AND 13 FT. —
WHERE IT IS UNLIKELY THAT VEHICLES WILL CROSS
UNDER THE LINE.
4. IN BOTH URBAN AND RURAL DISTRICTS WHERE THE
LINE IS LOCATED RELATIVE TO FENCES, DITCHES,
EMBANKMENTS, ETC. SO THAT THE GROUND 8 FT. —
UNDERNEATH IS ACCESSIBLE TO PEDESTRIANS
ONLY.
2 – 2 – Page 17
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
6.1 This clearance must be 18 feet at a position not more than 12 feet horizontally
from the curb line. To a clearance of not less than 16 feet at the curb line,
provided the clearance at the center line of any public thoroughfare shall in no
case be less than 18 feet. Where there are no curbs the foregoing provisions shall
apply using the outer limits of possible vehicular travel in lieu of a curb line.
6.1.1 Fig. 5 shows the typical points of measurement for service drops over
public thoroughfares.
6.2 These clearances shall be as follows, provided the required clearances between
telephone wires, cables, or messengers and trolley contact conductors are
maintained (see 7.4).
6.2.1 Open Wire and Drop Wire Runs Along the Lead shall have a clearance
above the rails of not less than the trolley throw and not less than 25 feet
in any case.
6.2.2 Cable or Messengers that are:
6.2.2.1 Not protected by trolley guards shall have a clearance above the
rails of not less than the trolley throw and not less than 25 feet in
any case.
6.2.2.2 Protected by trolley guards may have a clearance above the rails
of less than the trolley throw provided the railway does not
transport standard freight cars. If the railway transports standard
freight cars, the clearance shall not be less than 25 feet.
6.2.2.3 Service Drops shall have a clearance above the rails of not less
than 26 feet where railways transport standard freight cars and not
2 – 2 – Page 18
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
less than 23 feet over railways which do not transport standard
freight cars.
6.3 If the building served does not permit an attachment which will provide this 12-
foot clearance without the installation of a structure on the building, the clearance
shall be as great as possible but in no case less than 10 feet.
6.4 This clearance shall be increased up to 18 feet where the height of farm
machinery or vehicles, which might pass underneath is such as to require greater
clearance.
6.5 If the building served does not permit an attachment which will provide this
10-foot clearance without the installation of a structure on the building, the
clearance shall be as great as possible but in no case less than 8 feet 6 inches.
2 – 2 – Page 19
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
7. VERTICAL CLEARANCES AT CROSSINGS BETWEEN TELEPHONE
CONDUCTORS AND FOREIGN CONDUCTORS OR GUYS ON SEPARATE
POLES
NOTE: The clearances shown in this table shall be increased where necessary to meet the
Line of Sight Requirements of Part 3.
TELEPHONE
TELEPHONE WIRES, SERVICE DROPS
A. SUPPLY WIRES, SUPPLY CABLES WITH CABLES OR
UNDERGROUNDED SHEATH, AND TROLLEY DROP WIRE RUNS
FEEDERS. ALONG THE LEAD ABOVE BELOW
1. 0 – 750 VOLTS, EXCLUDING SERVICE DROPS.
A. WHERE CROSSING IS 6 FEET OR MORE
FROM A POLE SUPPORTING CONDUCTORS
INVOLVED IN THE CROSSING. 4 FT. 4 FT. 2 FT.
B. WHERE CROSSING IS LESS THAN 6 FEET FROM A
POLE SUPPORTING CONDUCTORS INVOLVED IN 4 FT. 4 FT. 4 FT.
THE CROSSING.
2. 750 – 7,500 VOLTS
A. WHERE CROSSING IS 6 FEET OR MORE
FROM A POLE SUPPORTING TELEPHONE 4 FT. (SEE 7.1) 4 FT.
CONDUCTORS INVOLVED IN THE
CROSSING.
B. WHERE CROSSING IS LESS THAN 6 FEET
FROM A POLE SUPPORTING THE 5 FT. (SEE 7.1) 5 FT.
TELEPHONE CONDUCTORS INVOLVED IN
THE CROSSING.
3. 7,500 – 20,000 VOLTS 6 FT. — 6 FT.
4. 20,000 – 75,000 VOLTS 8 FT. — 8 FT.
5. OVER 75,000 VOLTS (SEE 7.2) — (SEE 7.2)
B. SUPPLY SERVICE DROPS, 0 – 750 VOLTS.
1. ABOVE TELEPHONE WIRES OR CABLES.
A. WHERE CROSSING IS 6 FEET OR MORE 2 FT.
FROM A POLE. 2 FT. — (SEE 9.1)
B. WHERE CROSSING IS LESS THAN 6 FEET 4 FT. — 4 FT.
FROM A POLE.
4 FT. 2 FT.
2. BELOW TELEPHONE WIRES OR CABLES. —
(SEE 7.3) (SEE 9.1)
C. SUPPLY CABLES WITH GROUNDED SHEATH – ALL 4 FT. 4 FT. 4 FT.
VOLTAGES.
D. OVER TROLLEY CONTACT CONDUCTORS. (SEE 7.4) (SEE 7.4) —
2 – 2 – Page 20
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
TELEPHONE WIRES, TELEPHONE
CABLES OR SERVICE DROPS
DROP WIRE RUNS
E. FOREIGN COMMUNICATION WORES OR CABLES ALONG THE LEAD ABOVE BELOW
WHICH ARE CONSTRUCTED, PROTECTED AND
MAINTAINED SIMILAR TO THOSE OF THE
TELEPHONE COMPANY. 2 FT. 2 FT. 2 FT.
F. FROM FOREIGN COMMUNICATION WIRES AND
CABLES WHICH DO NOT MEET TELEPHONE
COMPANY PROTECTION STANDARDS. IF IN 4 FT. 4 FT. 2 FT.
DOUBT AS TO PROTECTION STANDARDS
INVOLVED, CONSULT YOUR SUPERVISOR.
G. FROM FOREIGN GUYS, MESSENGERS, AND SPAN
WIRES.
NOTE: SEE PART 10-H FOR RADIAL CLEARANCES 2 FT. 2 FT. 2 FT.
OF TELEPHONE WIRES OF CABLES WHICH ARE
PASSING OR APPROXIMATELY PARALLEL TO
FOREIGN GUYS.
7.1 Telephone service drops may be carried over trolley feeders of 750 to 7,500 volts,
upon the specific approval of your supervisor, if a separation of not less than
4 feet is maintained.
7.2 The vertical clearance for telephone wires, cables, and service drops from supply
conductors of over 75,000 volts shall be 8 feet plus 1/2-inch for each 1,000 volts
in excess of 75,000 volts.
7.3 The vertical clearance between telephone line conductors not supported on
messenger, and supply service drops may be rediced to not less than 2 feet,
provided the crossing is 6 feet or more from any pole involved in the crossing.
7.4 The minimum clearance for telephone wires, cables or service drops over trolley
contact conductors or messenger strands supporting contact conductors shall be
4 feet for 0 – 750 volt systems and 6 feet for systems operating at over 750 volts
provided the required clearances above the rails are also maintained at these
crossings (see 6.2).
7.5 When all of the following conditions are met the 2-foot clearance can be reduced
to 1 foot.
7.5.1 Authorized licensee’s cable and messenger involved in the crossing is
constructed on a pole line joint with Telephone Company (TELCo) cable
and messenger.
7.5.2 Licensee’s cable messenger is bonded to TELCo cable messenger at the
first and last poles and at intermediate poles not to exceed every 1500 feet.
2 – 2 – Page 21
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
7.5.3 Licensee’s cable messenger and Telco cable messenger is attached at the
crossing by Telco personnel, as shown in Fig. 6.
2 – 2 – Page 22
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
8. CLEARANCES FOR TELEPHONE OR SUPPLY SERVICE DROPS ON
CLEARANCE CROSSARMS
NOTE: See 2.1(c) for special instructions.
8.1 Telephone Service Drops attached to foreign poles for clearance reasons may
cross above or below supply conductors or cables under the following conditions:
8.1.1 Telephone Service Drops supported on clearance crossarms or attached
directly to a foreigh pole for clearance reasons shall have clearances from
Supply Conductors (excluding supply cables) as shown in Fig. 7.
2 – 2 – Page 23
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
Minimum clearances for Telephone Service Drops shall be as follows:
“A”
BELOW* ABOVE**
“B”
0-750 VOLT 750-7500 VOLT 0-750 VOLT
CIRCUITS CIRCUITS CIRCUITS
ATTACHED TO SIDE OF POLE 6 FT. 6 FT. 4 FT.
15 INCHES 4 FT. 4 FT. 4 FT.
25 INCHES 2 FT. 4 FT. 2 FT.
* TELEPHONE SERVICE DROPS BELOW SUPPLY CONDUCTORS OF OVER 7500 VOLTS SHALL HAVE A
MINIMUM CLEARANCE OF 6 FEET.
** TELEPHONE SERVICE DROPS SHALL NOT CROSS OVER SUPPLY CONDUCTORS OF OVER 750 VOLTS
EXCEPT TROLLEY FEEDERS.
8.1.2 Telephone Service Drops on clearance crossarms with no part of the drop
less than 25 inches from the center line of the supply pole shall have
clearances from Supply Cables as shown below:
TELEPHONE SERVICE DROPS
ON CLEARANCE CROSSARMS
SUPPLY CABLES WITH:
BELOW ABOVE
7 UNGROUNDED SHEATH
3 0 – 750 VOLTS 4 FT. 2 FT.
B. 750 – 7500 VOLTS 4 FT. —
C. OVER 7500 VOLTS 6 FT. —
8 GROUNDED SHEATH
A. ALL VOLTAGES 4 FT. 2 FT.
8.2 Supply Service Drops on clearance crossarms attached to telephone poles for
clearance reasons may cross above or below telephone conductors or cables under
the following conditions:
2 – 2 – Page 24
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
8.2.1 Supply Service Drops on pole top extensions with wood crossarms shall
have clearances from telephone conductors, cables or messengers as
shown in Fig. 8.
2 – 2 – Page 25
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
8.2.2 Supply Service Drops on clearance crossarms shall have clearances from
telephone conductors which are not supported on messengers as shown in
Fig. 9.
2 – 2 – Page 26
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
8.2.3 Supply Service Drops attached to brackets on the end of clearance
crossarms shall have clearances from telephone conductors as shown in
Fig. 10.
2 – 2 – Page 27
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
8.2.4 Supply Service Drops supported on clearance crossarms shall have
clearances from telephone cable, messengers, conductors supported on
messengers, or miscellaneous equipment as shown in Fig. 11.
2 – 2 – Page 28
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
9. CLEARANCES BETWEEN TELEPHONE AND SUPPLY SERVICE DROPS IN
THE SPAN
9.1 Radial clearance between telephone service drops and supply service drops shall
not be less than shown in Fig. 12.
2 – 2 – Page 29
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
10. VERTICAL CLEARANCES BETWEEN TELEPHONE CONDUCTORS AND
SUPPLY CONDUCTORS, GUYS, EQUIPMENT, OR POLICE AND FIRE
ALARM CIRCUITS ON THE SAME POLE
NOTE: The clearances shown in this table shall be increased where necessary to meet the
Line of Sight Requirements of Part 3.
TELEPHONE WIRES, CABLES OR DROP TELEPHONE SERVICE
WIRE RUNS ALONG THE LEAD DROPS
A. FROM SUPPLY WIRES OR
SUPPLY CABLES WITH ATTACHED TO POLES ON CROSS-
ON WOOD
UNGROUNDED SHEATH ARMS OR ATTACHED
CROSS- UN-
(EXCEPT DRIP LOOPS AT GUARDED GUARD TO POLES
ARMS GUARDED
END OF VERTICAL RUNS OR ARMS
RISERS).
1. SUPPLY SERVICE (SEE 10.1) (SEE 10.1) (SEE 10.1) — —
DROPS.
2. 0-750 VOLTS. 6 FT. 5 FT.
(INCLUDING TROLLEY 4 FT. 4 FT. 4 FT.
(SEE 10.2) (SEE 10.3)
FEEDERS)
3. 750-7,500 VOLTS. 4 FT. 6 FT. 6 FT. 4 FT. 6 FT.
4. OVER 7,500 VOLTS. 6 FT. 6 FT. 6 FT. 6 FT. 6 FT.
B. FROM SUPPLY CABLES WITH 5 FT.
GROUNDED SHEATH – ALL 4 FT. 4 FT. 6 FT. 4 FT.
(SEE 10.3)
VOLTAGES.
C. FROM DRIP LOOPS AT
UPPER END OF VERTICAL
RUNS OR RISERS OF
SUPPLY CONDUCTORS.
1. 0-750 VOLTS. 3 FT. 3 FT. 3 FT. 3 FT. 3 FT.
2. 750-7,500 VOLTS. 4 FT. 4 FT. 4 FT. 4 FT. 4 FT.
3. OVER 7,500 VOLTS. 5 FT. 5 FT. 5 FT. 5 FT. 5 FT.
D. FROM UNENERGIZED
SUPPLY EQUIPMENT SUCH
AS TRANSFORMERS,
SWITCH CASES, ETC.
1. ABOVE TELEPHONE
CONDUCTORS. ALL 40 IN. 40 IN. 5 FT. 40 IN. 5 FT.
VOLTAGES. (SEE 10.4) (SEE 10.4) (SEE 10.4) (SEE 10.4) (SEE 10.4)
2. BELOW TELEPHONE
CONDUCTORS. 0-7,500 (SEE 10.5) (SEE 10.5) (SEE 10.5) (SEE 10.5) (SEE 10.5)
VOLTS ONLY.
2 – 2 – Page 30
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
TELEPHONE WIRES, CABLES OR DROP TELEPHONE SERVICE
WIRE RUNS ALONG THE LEAD DROPS
E. FROM STREET LIGHT ATTACHED TO POLES ON CROSS-
ON WOOD
EQUIPMENT, INCLUDING ALL ARMS OR ATTACHED
CROSS- UN-
PARTS OF DROP WIRES, GUARDED GUARD TO POLES
ARMS GUARDED
STREET LAMPS, AND THEIR ARMS
SUPPORTING RODS,
(SEE 10.6) (SEE 10.6) (SEE 10.6) (SEE 10.6) (SEE 10.6)
BRACES AND GUYS.
F. FROM TROLLEY BRACKETS,
INCLUDING SPAN WIRES, (SEE 10.7) (SEE 10.7) (SEE 10.7) (SEE 10.7) (SEE 10.7)
RODS, AND BRACES.
G. FROM POLICE AND FIRE 4 FT. 4 FT. 4 FT. 4 FT. 4 FT.
ALARM CIRCUITS. (SEE 10.8) (SEE 10.8) (SEE 10.8) (SEE 10.8) (SEE 10.8)
WIRES, CABLES, DROP WIRE RUNS
ALONG THE LEAD OR SERVICE DROPS
PASSING
APPROX PARALLEL
(RADIAL)
3 IN.
9 IN.
H. FROM FOREIGN GUYS, MESSENGERS AND SPAN WIRES. (SEE 15.9)
SEE 10.9 FOR ILLUSTRATIONS.
2 – 2 – Page 31
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
10.1 Supply service drops shall have the following clearances from telephone
conductors, cables, or messengers which are supported by the same pole:
10.1.1 Clearances between supply service drops and telephone conductors,
which are not supported on messengers, are shown in Fig. 13.
2 – 2 – Page 32
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
10.1.2 Clearances between supply service drops and telephone cables,
messengers, or conductors, supported on messengers are shown in Fig.
14.
10.2 These clearances may be reduced under the following conditions:
10.2.1 The clearances may be reduced to 4 feet for 9-750 volt trolley feeders
located below the telephone conductors.
10.2.2 One paired or one open wire telephone circuit may be attached directly
to poles on private property with a vertical separation of not less than 5
feet from 0-750 volt supply circuits without a guard arm, provided the
supply and telephone circuits serve one and the same party, and further
provided that where open wire is used, both telephone attachments are
made to the same side of the pole.
10.3 This clearance shall be increased to 6 feet where telephone service drops from
open wire lines are attached to the surface of a pole.
10.4 These clearances may be reduced to not less than 1 foot where the transformers or
regulators are installed on platforms and the following conditions are met:
10.4.1 The transformer or regulator platforms have continuous flooring; and,
2 – 2 – Page 33
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
10.4.2 The flooring extends not less than 1 foot horizontally outside of the
vertical plane of all transformer or regulator leads and bus wires on the
same pole or structure; and,
10.4.3 The telephone conductors do not extend laterally beyond the platform.
10.5 Telephone cables and wires shall be located below transformers or regulators of
supply systems unless approvel of the supervisor is obtained. Where it is
necessary to locate telephone conductors above such equipment, they shall be
placed not less than 6 feet above, and all energized parts of the supply equipment
shall be protected and guarded so as to afford the least possibility of contact.
10.6 Street lighting equipment attached to poles supporting telephone plant shall have
clearances from the telephone plant as follows:
10.6.1 All parts of street light drop wires, street lamps, and their supporting
fixtures including rods, braces, and guys shall not be less than 1 foot
above or 2 feet below the level of messengers or conductors supported
by messengers. These vertical clearance requirements do not apply to
those parts of such street lighting equipment which are 2 feet or more
horizontally from the vertical plane of messengers, conductors supported
by messengers, and metal boxes.
10.6.2 All parts of street light drop wires, street lamps, and their supporting
fixtures including rods, braces, and guys shall not be less than 1 foot
radially from all communication conductors not supported on
messengers, including separations between supporting bolts, screws or
hardware extending into the pole.
10.7 Trolley span wires or brackets, including through bolts, which support trolley
contact conductors shall have the following minimum vertical clearances:
10.7.1 From telephone conductors on crossarms:
10.7.1.1 Bracket above..................................................................1 foot
10.7.1.2 Bracket below.................................................................. 2 feet
10.7.1.3 Span wires above or below..............................................1 foot
10.7.2 From telephone cables, messengers or drop wire runs along the lead
attached to pole..................................................................................1 foot
10.7.3 From telephone terminals, protector mounting, etc. .........................1 foot
10.7.4 From telephone bridle wire rings or drive hooks .......................... 3 inches
2 – 2 – Page 34
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
10.8 Police or fire alarm circuits on crossarms located not less than 2 feet below 0-750
volt supply conductors, which have a clearance of not less than 25 inches from the
center line of the pole and have a weather resistant covering may have a vertical
clearance of not less than 2 feet from telephone plant. Police and fire alarm
circuits, which meet all clearance requirements of communication circuits, may be
treated as communication circuits.
NOTE: Specified clearances between telephone and supply conductors shall be
maintained at all times.
10.9 The illustrations in this paragraph show various clearance requirements as given
in this section, and typical points of measurements. These illustrations are to be
used as a guide and should not be given precedence over specifications as written.
INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Between Telephone Plant; and,...........................................Figure
• Supply Conductors............................................................. 15 to 21
• Unenergized Supply Equipment ..................................... 22 and 23
• Street Lighting Equipment................................................. 24 to 27
• Trolley Brackets, Span Wires and Feeders ........................ 28 to 31
2 – 2 – Page 35
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
NOTES:
4 Service drops may be attached to the sides but not to the top of guard arms. The
point of attachment to guard arms shall be 15 inches or more from the center line
of the pole. See 12.3 covering lateral runs of bridle wire or drop wire on crossarms
or guard arms.
5 0-750 volt conductors may be installed as (a) open conductors on crossarms, (b)
open conductors supported on insulated racks in vertical configuration, or (c) as
multiconductor cables with bare neutral supporting messenger.
2 – 2 – Page 36
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
2 – 2 – Page 37
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
2 – 2 – Page 38
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
2 – 2 – Page 39
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
2 – 2 – Page 40
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
2 – 2 – Page 41
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
2 – 2 – Page 42
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
2 – 2 – Page 43
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
2 – 2 – Page 44
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
11. VERTICAL CLEARANCES BETWEEN COMMUNICATION CONDUCTORS
ON THE SAME POLE
A. BETWEEN COMMUNICATION CONDUCTORS OF DIFFERENT OWNERSHIP. (SEE 11.1)
2 FT.
B. BETWEEN WIRES OR CABLES SUPPORTED IN ADJACENT LINE CROSSARMS.
(SEE 11.2)
C. BETWEEN WIRES SUPPORTED ON LINE CROSSARMS AND ASSOCIATED
6 IN.
BUCK ARM.
D. BETWEEN WIRES OR CABLES SUPPORTED ON LINE CROSSARMS AND 2 FT.
WIRES OR CABLES ATTACHED TO SIDE OF POLE. (SEE 11.3)
1 FT.
E. BETWEEN WIRES OR CABLES ATTACHED TO SIDE OF POLE.
(SEE 11.4)
F. BETWEEN WIRES OR CABLES ATTACHED TO SIDE OF POLES UNDER
CONDUCTORS ON LINE CROSSARMS AT SIDE LEAD TERMINATIONS.
1. CONDUCTORS OF DIFFERENT OWNERSHIP. 1 FT.
2. CONDUCTORS OF SAME OWNERSHIP. 6 IN.
11.1 Foreign communication conductors shall have clearances from TELCo conductors
of not less than the clearances specified for telephone conductors alone.
Clearances for cables owned by an Authorized Licensee shall be as directed in the
“CONSTRUCTION GUIDE FOR CATV ATTACHMENTS.” Increased
clearances of not less than 4 feet from telephone conductors shall be obtained in
the following cases.
11.1.1 Where foreign communication conductors do not meet TELCo standards
with respect to electrical exposures and protection; or,
11.1.2 Where foreign communication conductors are used as control or
signaling circuits etc, and which operate on supply voltages of 110 volts
or more.
11.2 This 2-foot separation may be reduced to not less than 1 foot when:
11.2.1 Specified on the detail plans; or,
11.2.2 Upon approval of the supervisor when only exchange crossarms are
involved; or,
11.2.3 Upon approval of the Outside Plant Engineer when toll crossarms are
involved.
11.3 Cables may be attached to sides of poles less than 2 feet below conductors on the
lowest crossarm or between crossarms under conditions outlined in 13.4.1 or
2 – 2 – Page 45
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
13.5.4. If additional wires or cables are attached to sides of telephone poles,
which carry no supply conductors except supply service drops on clearance
crossarms, see 13.5.3.
11.4 On poles, which carry no crossarms and no supply conductors, communication
conductors may have a vertical separation of less than 1 foot under the conditions
outlines in 13.5.1.
12. CABLE TERMINALS, PROTECTOR MOUNTINGS, MISCELLANEOUS
TELEPHONE EQUIPMENT, AND WIRING
12.1 Metal terminals, protector mountings, or similar equipment and their associated
wiring which are less than 8 inches from the center line of a pole or are attached
to the surface of a pole shall have minimum vertical clearances from supply
conductors and equipment as follows:
12.1.1 Six feet below supply conductors of any voltage, except as indicated in
12.1.2.
12.1.2 Four feet below supply conductors of 0-750 volts provided such items
are below and in the same quadrant of the poll as a guard arm or
crossarm.
12.1.3 Below unenergized supply equipment.
12.1.3.1 40 inches guarded.
12.1.3.2 5 feet unguarded.
12.1.4 For clearances from supply service drops on clearance crossarms, see
8.2.4.
12.1.5 For clearances from street lighting equipment, see Figs. 24 and 25.
12.1.6 For clearances from trolley brackets, span wires, and feeders, see Figs.
28 and 29.
12.2 All parts of metal terminals, protector mountings, or similar equipment which are
8 inches or more from the center line of a pole shall not be less than:
12.2.1 Four feet below supply conductors of 0-7500 volts.
12.2.2 Six feet below supply conductors of over 7500 volts.
2 – 2 – Page 46
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
12.3 Lateral runs of bridle wire or drop wire which are less than 6 feet below 0-7500
volt supply conductors and are less than 15 inches from the center line of the pole
shall be:
12.3.1 Supported by and underneath the bottom surface of crossarms or guard
arms; or,
12.3.2 Supported on the side of crossarms or guard arms not less than 2 inches
below the top surface thereof.
13. CLIMBING SPACE
13.1 General —
13.1.1 Climbing space shall be provided on one side or quadrant of poles to
permit ready access for workers to conductors and epuipment attached to
the pole.
13.1.2 Except as provided herein a climbing space having horizontal
dimensions of not less than 30 inches square shall be provided and
maintained in the same position on the pole for a minimum vertical
distance of 4 feet above and below each conductor level through which
is passes. The position of the climbing space shall not be shifted more
than 90 degrees around the pole within a vertical distance of less than 8
feet.
13.1.3 Except as provided herin, climbing space shall be provided on the side
of the pole opposite cable, messengers, wires, drop wire runs along the
lead, or equipment attached to the pole.
13.2 Allowable Climbing Space Obstructions —
Unnecessary impairment of the climbing space is prohibited, however, if climbing
space cannot otherwise be obtained the following will be permitted:
13.2.1 Terminals, protectors or similar equipment including their associated
wiring, vertical runs or risers of cable, and guys will not be held to
obstruct climbing space provided:
13.2.1.1 Not more than one guy and one other of the above named
obstructions are installed in any 4 foot vertical section of
climbing space, and;
13.2.1.2 Terminals, protectors or similar equipment do not extend
more than 5 inches from the surface of the pole, and;
2 – 2 – Page 47
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
13.2.1.3 On jointly used poles, vertical runs or risers of cable are
covered with hardwood molding, and;
13.2.1.4 Such obstructions do not interfere with the free use of pole
steps.
13.2.2 Crossarms are allowed in climbing spaces provided that, where buck
arms are involved, any arms within climbing spaces are treated as
double arms.
13.2.3 A guard arm, cable, messengers, or drop wire runs along the lead will
not be held to obstruct the climbing space where they are placed in the
climbing space because of a building wall or similar obstruction on the
opposite side of the pole.
13.3 Climbing Space Where Service Drops are Involved —
13.3.1 Where telephone service drops are attached to a pole and other
conductors are supported at a higher level on the pole, an unobstructed
climbing space not less than 30 inches square shall be maintained
through the service drops. To measure the 30 inch climbing space, use
any one of the drops as one side of the climbing space and have one
other side at a right angle to it and tangent to the surface of the pole.
13.3.2 When cable is supported on the surface of a pole, telephone service
drops may be attached to opposite sides of the pole but not more than
two sides. Four drive hooks may be placed on each of the two sides so
used for attaching the service drops, provided they are located within a
space not more than 1 inch in width and 8 inches in height.
13.3.3 When drive hooks are placed on the face or back of poles for distribution
purposes, the pole step at the level nearest the space reserved for drive
hooks shall be moved in a horizontal plane toward the climbing space
about 1/8 the circumference of the pole. Fig. 32 hows the position of this
step after it has been moved.
2 – 2 – Page 48
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
13.3.4 Fig. 33, 34 and 35 show typical service drop installations, and indicate
how the climbing space can be obtained and hw it should be measured in
such cases.
13.3.4.1 Where drive hooks and span clamps are used.
2 – 2 – Page 49
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
13.3.4.2 Where the required climbing space cannot otherwise be
obtained, or where the number of drop wires or span clamps
would cause congestion, a guard arm should be placed with
the drop wires distributed as shown in Fig. 34.
2 – 2 – Page 50
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
13.3.4.3 Where it is not practicable to provide the climbing space on
the opposite side of the pole from the cable, due to buildings
or similar obstructions, distribute the drop wires as shown in
Fig. 35.
13.4 Climbing Space on Poles Jointly Used with Supply Conductors —
13.4.1 On poles supporting telephone and supply conductors, other than supply
service drops on clearance crossarms, an unobstructed climbing space
must not be less than 30 inches square whall be provided except as
indicated in the following sketch.
13.4.1.1 Where telephone conductors are attached to the side of
jointly used poles carrying telephone wires on crossarms the
climbing space shall not be less than indicated in Fig. 36.
2 – 2 – Page 51
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
13.4.1.2 At corners in the line the climbing space shall not be less
than indicated in Fig. 37.
13.4.2 Telephone conductors attached to the surface of jointly used poles shall
be attached to one side of the pole only, except that where branch leads
or dead ends are involved such conductors may be attached to other
2 – 2 – Page 52
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
sides of the pole provided the 30 inch square climbing space is
maintained.
13.5 Climbing Space on Poles Which Support Telephone Conductors Only —
13.5.1 On poles which carry no crossarms, cables or wire may be places in any
position within the 3 feet below the topmost conductor provided a
vertical separation of not less than 1 foot is maintained between cables
and/or wires. This separation may be reduced to not less than 6 inches
between cables or between wires. Below this 3-foot section cables or
wires shall be attached to one side of the pole only. Not more than six
cables or wires shall be attached below this 3-foot point and the vertical
separation shall not be less than 1 foot.
13.5.2 On poles which support telephone conductors on crossarms and which
do not support supply conductors, except supply service drops on
clearance crossarms, the normal 30 inch square climbing space may be
reduced to not less than 18 inches in width and 30 inches in depth
through the following types of telephone circuits:
13.5.2.1 Toll circuits.
13.5.2.2 Exchange circuits on crossarms originally placed as toll
crossarms.
13.5.2.3 Exchange circuits on crossarms in the pole top position in
rural districs provided no conductors are supported below
such crossarms except supply service drops on clearance
crossarms.
2 – 2 – Page 53
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
NOTE: Crossarms with 30-inch climbing space may be added to such
leads provided that when the poles or top crossarms are replaced
crossarms with 30-inch climbing space are used.
13.5.3 On poles which carry open wire on crossarms, two cables or two open
wires may be attached to opposite sides of a pole at a vertical distance of
not less than 2 feet below the level of the conductors supported on the
lowest crossarm. Below this 2-foot point cables or open wires shall be
attached to one side of the pole only with a vertical separation of not less
than 1 foot. Not more than six cables or wires shall be so attached.
13.5.4 On poles which carry open wire on crossarms, cables may be attached to
the side of the pole betewen crossarms or less than 2 feet below the
conductors on the lowest crossarm provided climbing space is
maintained above and below the cables in accordance with Fig. 39.
2 – 2 – Page 54
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
13.5.5 At corners in the line the climbing space shall not be less than indicated
in Fig. 40.
13.6 Climbing Space Where Buck Arms are Involved: Where buck arms are
involved the horizontal dimensions of the climbing space shall be fixed according
to the following:
NOTE: A metal back brace shall be considered as one of the crossarms of double
crossarm construction, and where used the requirements for double arm
construction shall be met.
2 – 2 – Page 55
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
13.6.1 Where Single Line Arm and Single Buck Arm construction is
involved and the climbing space is left open on the side of the pole
opposite the crossarms, the climbing space shall not be less than 20
inches square measured horizontally from center line of pole. (See Fig.
41.)
2 – 2 – Page 56
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
13.6.2 Where Double Buck Arm and Single Line Arm (or vice versa)
construction is involved, and the climbing space is left open on the
opposite side of the pole from the single arm, the climbing space
(measured horizontally from center line of pole) shall not be less than 20
inches at a right angle to the single arm, and not less than 26-1/2 inches
at a right angle to the double arm. (See Fig. 42.)
2 – 2 – Page 57
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
13.6.3 Where Double Line Arm and Double Buck Arm construction is
involved, the climbing space shalln not be less than 26-1/2 inches square
measured horizontally from he center of pole. (See Fig. 43.)
2 – 2 – Page 58
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
13.6.4 Alternative Climbing Space for single line arm and single buck arm or
couble line arm and single buck arm (or vice versa); if it is impracticable
to locate the climbing space on the side of the pole opposite the single
arm or arms, (quadrant A or B) it may be located in quadrant C or D
provided that any arm within such climbing space is treated as one of the
arms of a double arm installation. (See Fig. 44.)
13.7 Climbing Space Where Two Comminucation Lines are Collinear, Conflicting
or Crossing shall be maintained on each pole involved. Where conductors carry
less than 160 volts and 50 watts the climbing space may be 18 inches wide and 30
inches deep. However, the climbing space shall be 30 inches square for
conductors carrying greater voltage and power. If in doubt as to the voltage and
power of the conductors, consult your supervisor.
NOTE: Where conductors are less than 15 inches from the center line of pole or
less than 5 inches from the surface of pole they shall be attached to the pole or the
conductors supported by a crossarm.
2 – 2 – Page 59
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
14. VERTICAL RUNS, RISERS, AND GROUND WIRES
14.1 Vertical runs and risers of wires or cables shall be covered by metal cable guards
or encased in steel or suitable plastic pipe for a distance of not less than 8 feet
above the ground line. For buried cable risers, the 8 foot requirement may be
reduced to not less than 7 feet.
14.2 Vertical runs that terminate in closures, which afford ample mechanical
protection, may extend within 8 feet, but not less than 6 feet, of the ground line
without protection. If the top of the closure is less than 6 feet above ground level,
the vertical run above the closure shall be treated as a riser from the top of the
closure to the point 8 feet above the ground line.
14.3 Vertical runs or risers of wires or cables shall be covered with 3/8-inch hardwood
molding or suitable rigid plastic molding when within a vertical distance of 3 feet
above or 6 feet below supply conductors on the same pole or on another pole
within a radial distance of 6 feet. The molding may be omitted or additional
molding shall be placed under the following conditions.
14.3.1 When trolley feeders are lcoated below the upper end of a riser, the
hardwood or plastic molding shall extend downward to the top of the
riser protection. (See Fig. 45.)
2 – 2 – Page 60
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
14.3.2 Cable terminal stubs and runs of wire need not be covered with molding
if they are below and in the same quadrant of the pole as a guard arm or
cable arm. Vertical runs of wire or cable terminal stubs shall be covered
with molding unless they are located within quadrants A or B (See Fig.
46.)
14.4 Ground wires, other than lightning protection wires not attached to equipment,
shall be protected from mechanical injury by means of hardwood or plastic
mmolding, or metal guards, for a distance of not less than 7 feet above the ground
line.
14.5 Ground wires shall be covered with hardwood or plastic molding when within a
6-foot vertical distance from supply conductors supported on the same pole.
2 – 2 – Page 61
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
14.6 On poles supporting telephone and supply conductors, vertical runs, risers, metal
conduit of runs or risers, ground wires and hardware, including guys and
attachments, shall be separated by 1/8 of the pole circumference from similar
equipment of other ownership. If this separation is not practicable, this clearance
may be reduced to not less than 1-1/2 inches, measured on the surface of the pole.
14.7 Where drive rings or bridle rings are placed on the surface of poles to support
vertical runs of communication wires, they shall be spaced at intervals of not
more than 24 inches.
14.8 Electric light or power risers shall be covered by a protective covering when they
are within a vertical distance of 8 feet from the level of communication
conductors supported on the same pole or supported by another pole that is
withint a 6-foot radial distance of the pole to which the riser is attached. Where
subsequent telephone construction would cause an infraction of this requirement,
arrangements shall be made for the installation of the protective covering over the
supply riser.
2 – 2 – Page 62
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
15. TELEPHONE GUY CLEARANCES
A. HORIZONTAL CLEARANCES.
1. FROM BUILDING WALLS.
NONE
NOTE: AVOID OBSTRUCTING WINDOWS, DOORS, ETC, OR CAUSING
INTERFERENCE TO FIREMEN OR WORKERS.
2. FROM BRIDGES OR OTHER STRUCTORES UPON WHICH WORKERS MAY
WORK. NONE
3. FROM STEEL TOWERS OR STEEL POLES SUPPORTING SUPPLY
CONDUCTORS AND TO WHICH TELEPHONE GUYS ARE NOT ATTACHED. 3 IN.
4. FROM SURFACE TO WOOD POLES TO WHICH TELEPHONE GUYS ARE NOT
ATTACHED. (SEE 15.1)
5. FROM VERTICAL PLANE OF NEAREST RAIL OF RAILWAYS OVER WHICH 12 FT.
TELEPHONE GUYS DO NOT CROSS. (SEE 15.2)
6. FROM FIRE HYDRANTS. 3 FT.
B. VERTICAL CLEARANCES ABOVE GROUND, RAILS, BUILDINGS, WATERWAYS,
OBSTACLES, ETC.
1. ABOVE GROUND AT CROSSINGS OVER HIGHWAYS, STREETS, ROADS OR
ALLEYS. EXCLUDING DRIVEWAYS. 18 FT.
2. ABOVE GROUND NOT NORMALLY ACCESSIBLE TO VEHICLES, ALONG
HIGHWAYS, STREETS, ROADS, OR ALLEYS, EXCLUDING ANCHOR GUYS. 18 FT.
(SEE 15.3)
A. IN URBAN DISTRICTS.
B. IN RURAL DISTRICTS 15 FT.
(SEE 15.3)
3. ABOVE GROUND ACROSS AREAS CAPABLE OF BEING TRAVERSED BY
AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT, EXCLUDING ANCHOR GUYS. 15 FT.
4. ABOVE GROUND ACROSS AREAS NOT UNDER CULTIVATION AND OVER
WHICH THERE IS NO LIKELIHOOD OF VEHICULAR OR AGRICULTURAL
TRAFFIC – INCLUDING AREAS ACCESSIBLE TO HORSEBACK RIDERS – 13 FT.
EXCLUDING ANCHOR GUYS.
5. ABOVE GROUND OVER ENTRANCES TO PRIVATE PROPERTIES
ACCESSIBLE TO VEHICLES – INCLUDING OVERHEAD GUYS AND PORTIONS
OF ANCHOR GUYS OVER SUCH DRIVEWAYS.
A. OVER ENTRANCE FROM PUBLIC THOROUGHFARES.
(1) URBAN DISTRICTS.
(A) TO COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL PREMISES. 16 FT.
(B) TO RESIDENTIAL PREMISES. 14 FT.
(SEE 15.4)
(2) RURAL DISTRICTS. 15 FT.
B. WITHIN BOUNDS OF PRIVATE PROPERTY, OVER ROADS OR
PROPERTY ACCESSIBLE TO VEHICLES. 14 FT.
(SEE 15.4)
(1) URBAN DISTRICTS.
2 – 2 – Page 63
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
(2) RURAL DISTRICTS. 16 FT.
6. ABOVE GROUND ACCESSIBLE TO PEDESTRIANS ONLY, EXCLUDING
ANCHOR GUYS. 8 FT.
7. ABOVE RAILS OF RAILWAYS WHICH TRANSPORT STANDARD FREIGHT
CARS. WHERE NOT OPERATED BY OVERHEAD TROLLEY WIRES. 25 FT.
8. ABOVE RAILS OR RUNNING SURFACE OF RAILWAYS AND STREET BUSES.
WHERE OPERATED BY OVERHEAD TROLLEY WIRES. (SEE 15.5)
CLEARANCES AS
9. ABOVE WATERWAYS, INCLUDING ANCHOR GUYS. SPECIFIED BY
PROPER
AUTHORITIES
10. ABOVE ROOFS OF BUILDINGS.
8 FT.
A. ROOFS HAVING PITCH LESS THAN 3/8.
B. ROOFS HAVING PITCH 3/8 OR GREATER. 2 FT.
11. OTHER OBSTACLES, INCLUDING SIDEWALKS AND STRUCTURES ON
WHICH WORKERS MAY WALK. 8 FT.
C. VERTICAL CLEARANCES FROM CONDUCTORS. AT CROSSINGS
1. FROM SUPPLY CONDUCTORS EXCEPT CABLES WITH GROUNDED SHEATH
AND TROLLEY CONTACT CONDUCTORS.
A. 0-750 VOLTS INCLUDING SUPPLY SERVICE DROPS. 2 FT.
B. 750-20,000 VOLTS. 3 FT.
C. 20,000-75,000 VOLTS. 6 FT.
D. OVER 75,000 VOLTS. (SEE 15.6)
2. FROM TROLLEY CONTACT CONDUCTORS. (SEE 15.5)
3. FROM SUPPLY CABLES WITH GROUNDED SHEATH – ALL VOLTAGES. 2 FT.
D. VERTICAL AND RADIAL APPROX PARALLEL
CLEARANCES FROM CROSSING PASSING (RADIAL) (RADIAL)
CONDUCTORS, GUYS
OR SPAN WIRES. (SEE
ON SAME ON SEPARATE
15.7 AND 15.8) VERTICAL RADIAL
POLE POLES
1. FROM
COMMUNICATION 3 IN.
CONDUCTORS OR 2 FT. 9 IN. 9 IN. 3 IN.
(SEE 15.9)
CABLES.
2. FROM SUPPLY
GUYS OR TROLLEY 18 IN. 1 FT. 3 IN. 1 FT. (SEE 15.10)
SPAN WIRES.
3. FROM
COMMUNICATION 18 IN. 1 FT. 3 IN. 1 FT. (SEE 15.10)
GUYS.
15.1 A guy need not clear the surface of a wood pole to which it is not attached by any
specified distance provided the guy is 8 feet or more below any supply conductors
2 – 2 – Page 64
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
supported on such pole. Where they guy is located less than 8 feet below supply
conductors of less than 22,500 volts it shall clear the pole surface by at least 15
inches, or the guy shall be sectionalized as though it were attached to the pole.
15.2 Where the 12-foot clearance cannot be obtained, the clearance may be reduced to
not less than the following values with specific approval of the railroad
concerned:
15.2.1 For straight tracks – 6 feet 6 inches
15.2.2 For curved tracks – 7 feet 6 inches
NOTE: Crossarms or other pole attachments located less than 23 feet
above rails shall have a minimum horizontal distance from the rail of not
less than that specified for the guy.
15.3 The lower end of overhead guys along highways, roads, streets, or alleys, above
ground accessible to pedestrians only, may have reduced clearances of not less
than 8 feet above the ground.
15.4 Where a guy is adjacent to or within a few feet of a residential garage, the guy
need only clear the garage doors and vehicles entering or leaving the garage.
15.5 Telephone guys shall have a clearance above trolley contact conductors of not less
than 4 feet for 0-750 volt systems and 6 feet for systems operating at over 750
volts provided guys that are not protected by trolley guards have a clearance
above the rails or street surface of not less than the trolley throw.
15.6 Where guys cross under conductors carrying to excess of 75,000 volts which are
attached to separate poles, a vertical separation of not less than 6 feet plus 1/2
inch for each 1,000 volts in excess of 75,000 volts shall be maintained.
15.7 Overhead guys shall not be carried through the level of conductors of other
ownership except between the pole pin positions or outside of all pin positions.
15.8 Anchor guys should not be carried through the level of conductors of other
ownership except between the pole pin positions or outside of all pin positions. If
it is not practicable to carry the anchor guy through the level of conductors in
either of these positions, radial separations that are not less than those given in
Item D-1 of the table in Part 15 shall be maintained between the guy and the
conductors involved, and in addition, the guy shall be sectionalized as follows:
15.8.1 Communications Guy: A strain insulator shall be placed between 8 feet
and 10 feet above the ground and a second strain insulator placed not
less than 2 feet above the supply conductor level through which it
passes.
2 – 2 – Page 65
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
15.8.2 Supply Guy: A strain insulator shall be placed between 8 feet and 10
feet above the ground and a second strain insulator placed not less than 6
inches or not more than 18 inches above he communication conductor
level through which is passes.
15.9 No radial clearance need be maintained between a guy (anchor or pole-to-pole)
and a telephone cable which it passes when the guy and cable are attached to the
same pole or to separate poles in collinear lines, provided the cables are suitably
guarded against abrasion in accordance with standard practices and further
provided:
15.9.1 That the guy is not an exposed guy; or,
15.9.2 That no part of the guy has a vertical separation of less than 6 feet from
0-750 volt supply conductors not less than 8 feet from supply conductors
of more than 750 volts; or,
15.9.3 That where any part of the guy has a separation of less than 6 feet from
0-750 volt supply conductors or less than 8 feet from supply conductors
of more than 750 volts, and the telephone cable is 6 feet or more below
the nearest supply conductor, a strain insulator shall be placed in the
guy, above the cable with either,
15.9.3.1 A horizontal separation of not less than 6 feet between the
nearest part of the insulator and the surface of the pole to
which the guy is attached or,
15.9.3.2 A vertical separation of not less than 3 inches nor more than
6 inches between the nearest part of the insulator and the
cable suspension strand.
15.10 Two or more guys (overhead or anchor) which are approximately parallel and
attached to the same poles shall have a radial separation of not less than 3 inches
between any guy and the surface of the insulator in any other guy.
16. CLEARANCES FROM SIGNS
A. VERTICAL TELEPHONE TELEPHONE
1. ABOVE SIGNS UPON WHICH WORKERS CAN WALK. OPEN WIRE CABLES, DROP
WIRE RUNS
2. ABOVE SIGNS UPON WHICH WORKERS CANNOT WALK. ALONG THE
LEAD, SERVICE
3. UNDER SIGNS WHICH ARE ILLUMINATED AND NOT GROUNDED.
DROPS AND
4. UNDER SIGNS WHICH ARE ILLUMINATED AND GROUNDED. OVERHEAD
GUYS
5. UNDER SIGNS WHICH ARE NON-ILLUMINATED.
2 – 2 – Page 66
B. HORIZONTAL
1. FROM SIGNS WHICH ARE ILLUMINATED AND NOT GROUNDED.
2. FROM SIGNS WHICH ARE ILLUMINATED AND GROUNDED.
3. FROM SIGNS WHICH ARE NON-ILLUMINATED.
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
8 FT. 8 FT.
2 FT. 2 FT.
2 FT. 2 FT.
1 FT. 6 IN.
1 FT. 6 IN.*
3 FT. 3 FT.
1 FT. 6 IN.
1 FT. 6 IN.*
*THIS CLEARANCE MAY BE REDUCED IF MECHANICAL SEPARATION IS PROVIDED WITH A
NON-CONDUCTING GUARD.
17. CLEARANCES FROM SWIMMING POOLS
17.1 Crossing of communication line conductors, service drops, and guys above
swimming pools (permanent, portable, or temporary) shall be avoided where
practicable. (See 2.1.20.)
2 – 2 – Page 67
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
17.2 In those cases where it is not possible to comply with 17.1 or where telephone
facilities are in proximity of a swimming pool, clearances shown in Fig. 47 and in
17.3 shall be met.
2 – 2 – Page 68
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 2
17.3 Clearances from Diving Board or Platform. (See Fig. 48.)
2 – 2 – Page 69
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 3
MEASURING CLEARANCES AND
SEPARATIONS FOR AERIAL PLANT
1. GENERAL
1.1 This section covers the methods and tools that shall be used to measure
clearancess and separations in aerial plant.
1.2 NOTE: It is reissued to include the use of the Measuring Pole and the
requirement for use of Insulating Gloves.
1.3 CAUTION: At no time may contact be made with a foreign conductor or
insulator regardless of the measuring device used.
2. MEASURING SEPARATIONS AT THE POLE
2.1 For safety reasons, the methods and tools employed to determine or measure
separations should not expose the workman to foreign potentials. In
connection with selecting the proper location for telephone attachments on jointly
used poles, be guided by the above, as well as by the following.
2.2 If any voltage supply circuits are in place, use a standard measuring rule or
approved equivalent free from metallic strips or edging. Insulating gloves must
be worn. Measure from non-metallic parts of the supply structure, such as a wood
crossarm, or measure along the surface of the wood pole, and make adjustments
for the difference in elevation or position of the foreign wires, metallic parts of
the structure, etc.
2.3 If supply circuits are not in place at the time telephone attachements are to be
placed, obtain from your Supervisor the location of the lower limit of the supply
company’s space and the separation to be provided from that point to the
telephone attachments. Measurements may be made with measuring rules, linen
tapes, etc., if no supply circuits are present.
3 MESURING CLEARANCES AND SEPARATIONS IN THE SPAN
3.1 For safety reasons, the methods and tools to be employed in determining or
measuring clearances and separations in the span should not expose the workman
to foreign potentials.
3.2 The tools that can be used to measure clearances and separations are of four
general groups depending on the plant involved and the manner in which the tool
is used.
2 – 3 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 3
3.2.1 Group 1
Tools that are either attached to or passed over the telephone wire, strand,
etc., being measured such as clearance measuring lines, linen tapes, and
ropes. When these tools are used, contact is made with the item of
telephone plant being measured and their use is, therefore, confined to
measuring the height of telephone wires, cables, strands, etc., on which
hazardous voltages are ordinarily not present. They are not to be used to
measure the height of supply wires or other foreign wires. They are not to
be used if there is any possibility of contact with supply wires or other
foreign wires. All lines, linen tapes, ropes, etc., used for this purpose must
be dry and free from metallic strands or threads.
3.2.2 Group 2
Tools that are raised adjacent to the line and are used as reference markers,
such as: tree pruner handles, pike poles, sectional rods of wood, bamboo,
etc.. Such tools are not intended to make contact with the item of plant
being measured, the possibility of a contact due to a swinging conductor
or any unsteady measuring pole makes it necessary to confine the use of
these measuring poles to the following:
3.2.2.1 Measuring the height of telephone wires, cables, strands, etc.
3.2.2.2 Measuring the vertical clearance or separation between telephone
wires, cables, strands, etc.
3.2.3 Group 3
Tools specifically intended and approved for use in measuring clearances
and separations where supply conductors are concerned. The B Clearance
Rule and the Measuring Pole are intended for this purpose. Insulating
gloves must be worn when power conductors are present and are within
reach of the rule or pole. (Use of the rule and pole is covered in
Section 081-220-104.)
3.2.4 Group 4
Tools of the optical type such as a transit, teleheight, sextant, hand level,
range finder, hitemeter, clearance meter, etc. Tools of this type may be
used in determining and computing the height of telephone and supply
wires, cables, strands, etc., as well as the vertical clearance and separation
between telephone wires, cables, strands, etc., and supply wires, cables
and guys of all voltages.
2 – 3 – Page 2
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 2
PART 3
3.3 Table A summarizes the recommendations covered in Groups 1 through 4.
TABLE A
TOOLS RECOMMENDED FOR USE WHEN MEASURING
CLEARANCES AND SEPARATIONS IN THE SPAN
TELEPHONE SUPPLY CABLES,
LINE WIRES, MULTIGROUNDED ALL
TOOLS CABLES, NEUTRAL WIRES, OTHER
REMARKS
(BY GROUPS) GUYS, AND GUYS, AND 0-750 SUPPLY
DROP VOLT SUPPLY WIRES
WIRES WIRES
TOOLS MUST
GROUP 1 BE DRY AND
MUST
CLEARANCE MEASURING MUST NOT BE FREE OF
YES NOT BE
LINES, NONMETALLIC LINEN USED METALLIC
USED
TAPES, ROPES, ETC. STRANDS OR
THREADS
GROUP 2
MUST
TREE PRUNER HANDLES, YES NO NOT BE —
PIKE POLES, RODS OF USED
WOOD, BAMBOO, ETC.
WEAR
INSULATING
GROUP 3 GLOVES IF
POWER
B CLEARANCE RULE, YES YES YES
CONDUCTORS
MEASURING POLE ARE PRESENT
AND WITHIN
REACH
GROUP 4
TRANSITS, SEXTANTS,
RANGE FINDERS, HAND YES YES YES —
LEVELS, TELEHEIGHTS,
HITEMETERS, ETC.
2 – 3 – Page 3
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
POLE LINE HARDWARE
DESCRIPTION AND USE
1. GENERAL
1.1 This Section covers the description and use of various types of hardware that are
recommended for attaching suspension strand to in-line poles, corner poles, and
dead-end poles and also for terminating guy strand. Illustrated in this Section are
those situations most generally encountered. Check with the local Telco design
engineer if additional information is required for other situations.
1.2 In addition to the illustrations, tables are included to provide a ready reference on
the types of hardware recommended for attaching suspension strand and guy
strand in various situations.
1.3 All the hardware must be galvanized. All bolts must meet industry strength
and/or GO 95 requirements.
1.4 In some cases, different types of hardware are shown performing the same
functions. All types shown are acceptable with the selection being at the
discretion of the company placing the facilities.
1.5 At corner poles, where larger cables are carried on the strand, Telco recommends
that either extra nuts or a pole strand connector be installed between the
suspension clamp and the pole to serve as a spacer to keep the cable from rubbing
the pole.
1.6 In general, hardware is referred to in terminology commonly used by the
manufacturers rather than that used by the Company. For example, a “machine
bolt” used to support a cable suspension clamp is called a “suspension bolt” in
Telco terminology, and “eye bolts,” straight or angled, are called S and B guy
bolts, respectively.
2. SUSPENSION CLAMPS
2.1 A Cable suspension clamp, illustrated in Fig. 1, is used to support all sizes of
suspension strand at in-line poles, cable arms and on 5/16-inch strand at corner
poles with less that 10-foot pull. The suspension clamp must be of a type
recommended for the size of suspension strand used. The suspension clamp
should be placed so the strand groove is below the suspension bolt.
3 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
2.2 The corner suspension clamp (Fig. 2) is used to support 3/8 or 5/16- inch
suspension strand at corners where the pull is 10 to 50 feet. At any corner where
the pull is greater than 50 feet, the strand must be dead ended and guyed each
way.
2.3 NOTE: A corner clamp must be used at a railroad crossing where the pull exceeds
5 feet.
3. MACHINE BOLTS
3.1 Machine bolts (“A” Bolt) are used to secure the suspension clamps to the pole.
The bolts are available with one end threaded or with both ends threaded (“B”
Bolt) (Fig. 3). The double threaded type of bolt is used only where climbing
space is not compromised.
3 – Page 2
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
3.2 The machine (“A” Bolt) shall be used:
3.2.1 With a guy hook for attaching a guy to a pole.
3.2.2 With a guy hook for attaching a guy and a suspension clamp on opposite
sides of a pole.
3.2.3 With two guy hooks for attaching a guy and a strand dead-end on opposite
sides of a pole. Threads toward span, not down guy.
3.3 The holes through the pole for the machine bolts should be bored 1/16-inch larger
than the diameter of the bolt.
3.4 The bolt shall be long enough to extend a minimum of two complete threads
beyond the outer nut.
3.5 The end of the bolt shall not extend more than 1-1/2 inches beyond the nut. Any
excess shall be cleanly sawed off.
3 – Page 3
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
4. REINFORCING STRAPS
4.1 Two sizes of reinforcing straps are shown in Fig. 6. For the purposes of this
section the straps are coded A and B. Type A, having an 11/16-inch diameter
bottom hole, is used over a 5/8-inch bolt or suspension screw. Type B, having a
25/32-inch diameter bottom hole is used over a 3/4 inch bolt.
4.2 Reinforcing straps prevent the bending of the machine bolt or suspension screw
that supports the cable suspension clamp. Straps are used where the following
conditions exist:
4.2.1 Where the suspension clamp is spaced from the pole by two nuts and a
washer or by a pole strand connector.
4.2.2 Where there is a downward change in grade of 10 percent or greater.
4.2.3 Where the cable is supported on 3/8-inch suspension strand in accordance
with the table in Part 7.
4.3 A 1/2-inch by 41/2-inch drive screw can be used to attach the top of the
reinforcing strap as shown in Fig. 7, except where a 5/8-inch machine bolt is
required.
3 – Page 4
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
4.4 A 5/8-inch machine bolt is required to attach the top of a reinforcing strap where
the following conditions exist:
4.4.1 Where two reinforcing straps are used to support the bolt.
4.4.2 Where a pole strand connector is used as a suspension clamp spacer.
4.4.3 Where the cable suspension bolt is less than 22 inches from the pole top.
4.4.4 At railroad crossings.
4.4.5 Where two suspension strands on opposite sides of the pole are attached to
a single machine bolt and both require reinforcing straps.
4.5 When using a bolt to attach the top end of a strap, install reinforcing strap as
follows:
4.5.1 Bore an 11/16-inch hole for the strap bolt 5-7/8 inches above and parallel
to the suspension bolt hole. Bore from the strand side of pole.
4.5.2 Place strap on the suspension bolt and run the nut up sufficiently to keep
the clamp and strap from falling off. Do not tighten.
4.5.3 Place 5/8-inch bolt in top hole and through the strap. Tighten strap to
pole.
4.5.4 Tighten nut on suspension bolt. A completed installation is shown in
Fig. 8.
3 – Page 5
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
4.6 When a pole strand connector is used to space the clamp, use a nut and washer to
space the reinforcing strap or straps from the pole as illustrated in Fig. 9.
5. REINFORCING LINKS
5.1 Two sizes of reinforcing links are show in Fig. 10. For the purposes of this
section, the links are coded S and L.
3 – Page 6
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
5.2 Reinforcing links are required under the following conditions:
5.2.1 On poles where it is necessary to reinforce the cable suspension bolt and
there is a guard arm, and where, for other reasons, it is impractical to
employ a reinforcing strap.
5.2.2 At corners where cable suspension screws are used and the pull away from
the pole is 10 feet or more for 1/4-inch or 5/16-inch suspension strand or 5
feet or more for larger strand.
5.3 Use S Reinforcing Links where the pole diameter is 7 inches or less at the point of
attachment. Use L Reinforcing Links where the pole diameter is more than 7
inches.
5.4 When required, place the reinforcing links after the strand has been run out but
before it is tensioned so the links will support any corner pull or downward
change in grade as the strand is tensioned. See Fig. 11.
3 – Page 7
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
5.5 Where a guard arm is used, attach the links, as far above the level of the
suspension strand as the clearance between the link and the guard arm will permit.
An installation of reinforcing links at a guard arm is shown in Fig. 12.
3 – Page 8
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
6. TABLE OF HARDWARE FOR ATTACHING SUSPENSION STRAND
6.1 Table A shows the hardware required to attach 1/4-inch and 5/16-inch suspension
strand to line and corner poles. Other sizes of strand are omitted because of their
infrequent use. If 3/8-inch or 7/16-inch suspension strand is required, check with
the local Telco Design engineer for specific type of hardware required.
3 – Page 9
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
TABLE A
SUSPENSION STRAND HARDWARE FOR ATTACHING 1/4-INCH (6.6M)
AND 5/16-INCH (6M) STRAND
HARDWARE CABLE DIA 6M OR 6.6M SUSPENSION STRAND
PULL
4
LESS THAN 10 FT. 10 FT. TO 50 FT.
PULL TOWARD PULL AWAY
2
SUSPENSION ALL SIZES B CABLE B CORNER B CORNER
1
CLAMP
5
SUSPENSION BOLT ALL SIZES 10M 16M 16M
SIZE 5/8 IN. 3/4 IN. 3/4 IN.
WASHER ALL SIZES B CURVED E CURVED E CURVED
SUSPENSION CLAMP 1.6 OR LESS 1 NUT 2 NUTS 1 NUT
SPACING
(BETWEEN WASHER OVER 1.6 2 NUTS POLE STRAND 2 NUTS
AND CLAMP) CONNECTOR
3 3
REINFORCING 1.6 OR LESS NONE C NONE
STRAP
OVER 1.6 S C C
STRAP 1.6 OR LESS NONE 1/2 IN. X 4–1/2 IN. NONE
ATTACHMENT DRIVE SCREW
OVER 1.6 1/2 IN. X 4–1/2 IN. 5/8 IN. BOLT 1/2 IN. X 4–1/2 IN.
DRIVE SCREW DRIVE SCREW
NOTES:
1
SEE SECTION 3, PART 2 USE OF CLAMPS WITH REINFORCING LINKS.
2
AT RR CROSSINGS USE CORNER CLAMP IF PULL EXCEEDS 5 FEET.
3
REINFORCE STRAP REQUIRED FOR DOWN PULL OF 10 PERCENT OR GREATER.
4
WHERE PULL EXCEEDS 50 FEET THE STRAND MUST BE DEAD ENDED AND GUYED
EACH WAS AS OUTLINED IN SECTION 6.
5
WHEN B GUY HOOK IS ALSO ATTACHED TO SUSPENSION BOLT, THEN GUY SIZE
CONTROLS BOLT SIZE.
NOTE: ONLY B CABLE SUSPENSION CLAMPS AND B CORNER SUSPENSION CLAMPS
SHALL BE USED WITH 6.6M STRAND.
3 – Page 10
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
7. GUY HOOKS
7.1 Guy hooks are used to terminate suspension strand or guy strand. They are
available in three sizes, 5/8, 3/4 and 1 inch. The size of the guy hook is associated
with the diameter of the machine bolt to be used for securing the guy hook to a
pole. The 5/8-size is secured with 5/8-inch machine bolt to terminate 3/8-inch or
smaller strand, the 3/4-size guy hook is secured with a 3/4-inch machine bolt to
terminate 7/16-inch strand, and the 1-size is secured with a 1-inch machine bolt to
terminate 1/2-inch strand. The bolt head of the machine bolt should be on the guy
side of the guy hook. As shown in Fig. 13, there are two types of guy hooks. One
type has an integral spur that digs into the pole to prevent rotation of the hook.
The other type has a 9/16-inch hole through which a drive-screw is driven to
prevent guy hook rotation.
3 – Page 11
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
7.2 Table B gives the sizes of guy hooks and bolts used to terminate various sizes of
guy strand.
TABLE B
COMBINATIONS OF GUY HOOKS AND MACHINE BOLTS
FOR TERMINATING VARIOUS SIZES OF GUYS
GUY SIZE MACHINE BOLT
(MAX.) (EITHER TYPE) GUY HOOK SIZE
(INCHES) (INCHES)
3/8 5/8 5/8
7/16 3/4 3/4
1/2 1 1
7.3 The 3/4 or 1-size guy hooks can be used for branch strand terminations where the
main cable and branch cable are on the same side of the pole. The 5/8 size cannot
be used because its ears will not extend above the cable suspension clamp. The
guy hook can be attached to the pole with the same bolt that supports the
suspension strand for the main cable (see Fig. 14).
3 – Page 12
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
7.4 Two guy hooks, when placed as shown in Fig. 15, may be used to receive a
suspension strand and a guy strand. The size of the machine bolt and guy hook to
be used is based on the size of the suspension strand or guy strand, which ever is
the larger. For strands 3/8-inch and smaller use a 5/8-inch machine bolt, either
type, and a 5/8-size guy hook. For 7/16-inch strands use a 3/4-inch machine bolt
and a 3/4-size guy hook. For 1/2-inch strand, use a 1-inch machine bolt and a 1-
size guy hook.
7.5 For pole to pole guys, invert the lower guy hook so the load is on the shoulder of
the guy hook (Fig. 16).
3 – Page 13
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
8. GUY CLAMPS
8.1 Guy clamps are available in three sizes: 1-bolt, 2-bolt, and 3-bolt. With proper
size selection and the proper number of clamps, they can be used to dead-end all
sizes of strand. The nominal dimensions and types of the clamps are shown in
Table C.
TABLE C
DIMENSIONS AND TYPES OF GUY CLAMPS
CLAMP LENGTH WIDTH
SIZE (INCHES) (INCHES) TYPE
1 – BOLT 1 – 7/16 1-9/16 MEDIUM
2 – BOLT 3 – 3/8 1-9/16 MEDIUM
3 - BOLT 6 1-21/32 HEAVY
8.2 The number and types of clamps that must be used when terminating various sizes
of suspension strand or guy strand are shown in Table D.
TABLE D
NUMBER AND TYPE OF CLAMPS USED
TO TERMINATE GUY STRAND
SIZE OF STRAND SIZE OF STRAND NUMBER AND TYPE OF
(INCHES) (POUNDS) GUY CLAMPS
3/16 2.2M 1, 1-BOLT CLAMP
1/4 4.4M 1, 2-BOLT CLAMP
5/16 6M 1, 3-BOLT CLAMP
3/8 10M 1, 3-BOLT CLAMP
7/16 16M 2, 3-BOLT CLAMP
1/2 25M 3, 3-BOLT CLAMP
3 – Page 14
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
8.3 Figure 17 illustrates the use of a guy clamp to dead-end suspension strand.
8.4 Figure 18 illustrates how the tail of the guy should be served with 109
construction wire or with a serving sleeve.
9. GUY GRIPS
9.1 Guy grips also referred to as strand grips, may be used to terminate guy strand and
suspension strand on guy hooks, strain insulators, and eye-type hardware. The
grips are made of spirally formed high-strength steel wires, and are available in
sizes corresponding to the outside diameters of standard galvanized strand.
3 – Page 15
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
9.2 Figures 19 and 20 illustrate how the guy grip is wrapped around the strand.
3 – Page 16
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
9.3 Figure 21 illustrates how the guy grip, when attached to a guy strand, is installed
over a guy hook.
10. STRANDVISES
10.1 The strandvises are available in sizes corresponding to standard galvanized
suspension strand. The strandvise consists of three parts: A cartridge, a yoke,
and a bail (See Fig. 22.) There are two sizes of bails, long and short. The long
bail is designed solely for use with strain insulators while the short bail is used on
eye-type hardware and guy hooks.
3 – Page 17
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
10.2 The strandvise is not recommended for use on corrosion resistant strand or in sea
coast locations where extreme conditions of salt spray or salt fog may be
encountered. When used on existing strand, any rust that may have developed
should be removed with emery cloth. The strandvise shall not be used on strand
that has deteriorated to a point where no galvanizing remains.
3 – Page 18
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
11. POLE ATTACHMENT ILLUSTRATIONS
11.1 The illustrations in this part show how the hardware is placed when making
attachments in various situations and the proper hardware to be used.
11.2 Figures 23, 24 and 25 illustrate attachments on in-line poles.
3 – Page 19
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
3 – Page 20
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
11.3 Figure 26 illustrates hardware arrangement where the pull is away from the pole
and guy is attached to a guy hook. The determination of correct bolt size, should
be based on the size of the strand or guy, whichever is larger.
3 – Page 21
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
12. TELCO SOLELY OWNED POLES JOINT USE – TELCO AND LICENSEE
12.1 Licensee line attachment shall preferably be 24 inches above the uppermost strand
supported Telco line attachment. The minimum vertical separation is 12 inches
except as covered in Paragraph 15.03
12.2 Licensee line attachment shall preferably be 18 inches below top of pole, but in
no case less than 10 inches. See Figures 28 and 29.
12.3 Licensees line attachments may be attached to the telephone cable machine bolt
only as an alternative to pole replacements. See Figure 30. Requirements of
Section 3, Part 2 must be met.
3 – Page 22
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
13. HARDWARE REQUIRMENTS — SELF-SUPPORTING LINE FACILITIES
WITH SOLID SUPPORT WIRE
13.1 Line poles or corner poles with a 30 foot pull or less:
Approved tangent support with 5/8 inch machine bolt.
13.2 Corner poles with over 30 foot pull but less than 50 foot pull:
Dead-end support wire both ways on a single 5/8 inch straight eye bolt.
13.3 Dead-ends:
Minimum 5/8 inch angles or straight eye bolt.
NOTE: The solid support wire of the self-supporting cable may be dead ended on
an Eye Nut with a Straight Eye Bolt when used with a Guy Hook. The same
method may be used for corners when the pull is away from the pole. However,
the bolt should bisect the angle of the pull. Bolt size will be determined by the
size of guy required.
3 – Page 23
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 4
ANCHORS AND RODS
1. GENERAL
1.1 This section covers the description and use of anchors and guy rods for
terminating guy strand under various conditions.
1.2 Types of anchors available are:
1.2.1 Expanding anchors
1.2.2 Screw anchors
1.2.3 Plate anchors
1.2.4 Rock anchors
1.2.5 Swamp anchors
1.2.6 MantaRay Anchors
1.3 Uses of the various types of anchors are covered in Part 2. The expanding anchors
and screw anchors, the types most frequently used, are covered in detail in Parts 4
and 5 of this section, while other the other types of anchors, because of infrequent
use, are not covered as thoroughly. When conditions will not permit using an
expanding anchor or a screw anchor, consult with the local Telco Engineer for
detailed information.
1.4 In some cases the guy rods associated with anchors have more than one eye for
attaching guy strands. Where Telco has an existing guy rod with adequate
strength to accomodate the additional load and there is a spare eye, a Licensee
may request permission to use the existing rod. In some cases, an existing Telco
rod may have sufficient strength to permit attaching an additional guy strand but
does not have a spare eye. With the permission of Telco, a guy rod clamp can be
installed on the existing rod for terminating the additional guy strand. Where it is
not practical to guy each strand separately, one guy may be used to support both
strands as specified in paragraph 7.4 of Section 5.
1.5 If Telco or other joint owner should subsequently require the space or capacity of
a rod that was used to terminate a Licensee guy, the Licensee will have to relocate
its guy in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement.
1.6 The Licensee should never attach a guy strand to a Telco guy rod without first
consulting with the appropriate Telco Engineer.
4 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 4
1.7 Where conditions will not permit the Licensee to utilize a Telco or joint utility
anchor, separate anchorage must be arranged. The Licensee may set its own
anchors except under the following conditions:
1.7.1 If the Licensee’s down guy would cross the down guy of another occupant
of the pole;
1.7.2 If the Licensee’s anchor would be placed out of lead, thus creating pull on
the pole; or
1.7.3 If the Licensee would have to overset the existing anchor, possibly
undermining its ability to hold the intended load.
In these situations, the Company will consider placing a separate anchor at the
Licensee’s expense.
2. FIELD OF USE
Average Soil
8.2 Expanding type anchors and plate-type anchors are generally satisfactory for
average soils but should not be used in swampy soils, loosely compacted such as
sand, or soils that remain wet for long periods of time.
Firm Rock Free Soil
2.2 Screw-type anchors and plate-type anchors are suitable for use in relatively rock-
free soils such as firm clay, loam or sand. Screw anchors can be installed by
machine.
Rock Formations
2.3 Rock anchors are for use in areas where solid rock formations make it impractical
to use a type of anchor that requires digging a hole. Rock anchors are installed in
drilled holes of 2-1/16 inch diameter.
Swampy Areas
2.4 The swamp anchor is for use in swampy areas. It is a screw-type anchor
consisting of a helical plate and an iron pipe, used instead of a guy rod, and a pipe
eye nut that attached to the top of the pipe to accept the guy strand.
4 – Page 2
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 4
3. DESCRIPTION OF GUY RODS
3.1 Guy rods for use with expanding anchors are made of galvanized steel having an
integral single thimble eye, double thimble eye or a triple eye as shown in Fig. 1.
3.2 Guy rods are avaiable with diameters or 1/2-inch, 5/8-inch, 3/4-inch, 1-inch, and
1-1/4 inch.
4 – Page 3
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 4
4. EXPANDING ANCHORS
4.1 Figure 2 shows an inclined, 8-blade type of expanding anchor. The anchor is
available in sizes capable of holding tensions of 6,000 to 32,000 pounds. A pincer
type nut retainer is welded to the underside of the base to retain the guy rod nut.
4.2 Table A shows the sizes of the 8-way type of expanding anchors, the guy rod each
specific size of anchor will accomodate, and the maximum sizes of strand. The
size of hole required for placing the anchor is the same as the diameter of the
anchor.
4 – Page 4
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 4
TABLE A
SIZES OF ANCHORS, GUY RODS, AND ASSOCIATED GUY STRANDS
MAXIMUM
ANCHOR GUY ROD ROD
LOAD MAXIMUM SIZES OF STRAND OR
DIAMTER DIAMETER LENGTH
(1000 COMBINATIONS (NOTE)
(INCHES) (INCHES) (FEET)
POUNDS)
6 1/2 6 4.7 1/4-INCH OR 3/16-INCH
6 1/2 7 6 5/16-INCH
8 5/8 8 12 TWO 5/16-INCH OR ONE 3/8-INCH
THREE 5/16-INCH OR ONE 3/8- AND ONE
10 3/4 9 18
5/16-INCH OR ONE 7/16-INCH
TWO 3/8- AND ONE 5/16-INCH OR ONE
12 1 10 26
7/16- AND ONE 3/8-INCH
TWO 7/16-INCH OR ONE 1/2- AND ONE
12 1-1/4 10 32
3/8-INCH
NOTE: MAY BE OTHER COMBINATIONS OF THEY DO NOT EXCEED THE MAXIMUM LOAD.
Installation
4.3 The wires used to hold the blades to the base place of the anchor should not be
removed. These wires will shear off during the expanding process.
4.4 Where practical, use earth augers to bore the hold for the anchor. Expanding
anchors develop most of their holding power by the blades engaging undisturbed
earch. It is important, therefore, that the hold is no larger than necessary to admit
the unexpanded anchor.
4 – Page 5
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 4
4.5 It is preferable to dig an anchor hole at an angle as shown in Fig. 3
4 – Page 6
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 4
4.6 When soil conditions do not permit digging at an angle, dig a vertical hole and cut
a slot as shown in Fig. 4. The slot should be made before the anchor is placed in
the hole. The approximate dimensions of the hole and slot for a lead to height
ratio of 1/2 and 1 are shown in Table B.
4 – Page 7
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 4
TABLE B
ANCHOR PLACEMENT MEASUREMENTS
LEAD HEIGHT = 1 LEAD HEIGHT – 1/2
LENGTH OF
ROD (FEET) R* D* S* R* D*
S*
FT. – IN. FT. – IN. FT. – IN. FT. – IN. FT. – IN.
6 5 — 6 3 — 11 3 — 11 5 — 0 4 — 6 2 — 3
7 6 — 6 4 — 7 4 — 7 6 — 0 5 — 5 2 — 8
8 7 — 6 5 — 4 5 — 4 7 — 0 6 — 4 3 — 1
9 8 — 6 6 — 0 6 — 0 8 — 0 7 — 2 3 — 7
10 9 — 6 6 — 8 9 — 0 9 — 0 8 — 1 4 — 0
*SEE FIG. 4
4.7 Place the guy rod nut into the nut tretainer as shown in Fig. 5. Insert threaded end
of rod into opening in the top of the anchor to engage the nut. Turn the rod until
the nut is tight against the anchor.
4.8 Expand the anchor with an expanding bar or equivalent tool as explained in
Fig. 3.
4.9 Backfill, tamping earth firmly throughout depth of hole.
4 – Page 8
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 4
5. SCREW ANCHORS
3.3 The screw anchor shown in Fig. 6 is a wrench-tupe anchor designed for installation
with a power digger. A screw anchor wrench (Fig. 7) that fits over the drive shaft of
the digger is required to install the anchor.
4 – Page 9
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 4
4 – Page 10
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 4
3.4 Data on the available styles of screw anchors is shown in Table C. Size 9 is equipped
with a single eye nut. The other sizes are equipped with a double eye nut.
TABLE C
SCREW ANCHOR SIZES
APPROX APPROX MAX SIZE
DIAMETER OVERALL APPROX VERT.
SIZE DIA OF AREA OF OF STRAND
OF ROD LENTGH DEPTH OF SET
NO. HELIX HELIX RECOMMENDED
(INCHES) (FT. — IN.) (FEET)
(SQ. IN.) (SQ. IN.) (IN.)
9 9-1/2 70 1/2 7 — 11 5 5/16
11 11-1/4 100 5/8 7 — 11 5 TWO 5/16
13* 13-1/2 145 3/4 7 — 11 5 7/16
15** 15 175 3/4 7 — 11 5 7/16
*RECOMMENDED FOR USE IN AVERAGE TO FIRM SOILS.
**RECOMMENDED FOR USE IN LESS THAN AVERAGE SOILS.
4 – Page 11
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 4
6. ADDING AN EYE TO EXISTING GUY ROD
6.1 Where spare guying capacity exists in an existing guy rod, an additional eye may
be added. The addition is accomplished by attaching a straight thimble eye bolt to
the rod as shown in Fig. 8. Telco Engineer will determine when existing Telco
anchor rods are adequate for guy rod clamp extension.
6.2 The thimble eye bolt should have the same diameter as the guy rod, so the clamp
will close properly.
6.3 A 3-bolt guy clamp can be used to install a thimble eye bolt on 1/2-inch guy rods.
Use a guy rod clamp for 5/8-, 3/4-, and 1-inch guy rods. Additional eyes should
not be added to the 1-1/4 inch rods.
7. MANTA RAY ANCHORS
7.1 The Manta Ray anchor is designed to be driven into the earth by a hydraulic or
pneumatic jackhammer. A 90lb jackhammer is recommended with at least
100 CFM air compressor.
7.2 The complete anchor installation consists of Manta Ray anchor, a anchor rod, a
guy rod extension if needed, and the appropriate thimbleye nut (single, double or
triple).
4 – Page 12
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 4
7.3 After the anchor has been driven in the depth of the anchor rod, the installer shall
use the Load Locking Device (Anchor Locker).
NOTE: Only Manta Ray anchors installed and locked in place per
manufactures specifications shall be used.
4 – Page 13
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
GUYING
GENERAL
1. GENERAL
1.1 This section defines and illustrates the various types of guys and covers methods
of determining guying requirements.
1.2 In determining the requirements for guying at angular changes in direction of a
pole line, experience has shown that it is more convenient to measure the angle in
“feet of pull” than degrees. Knowing the “feet of pull” at a corner pole is
necessary if the correct guy size is to be determined. A tool, the Pull Finder, is
available for use in determining the amount of pull, and its description and use are
covered in this section.
2. TYPES OF GUYS
2.1 The following are definitions of the types of guys.
2.1.1 SIDE GUY: A guy placed in a transverse direction to the line of the lead
(Fig.1).
5 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
2.1.2 HEAD GUY: A guy placed in line with the lead (Fig. 2).
2.1.3 ANCHOR GUY: A guy extending from a pole or guy stub to an
anchorage in the ground.
2.1.4 POLE TO STUB GUY: A guy strand run between a pole in the main
lead and a stub pole (Fig. 3).
5 – Page 2
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
2.1.5 POLE-TO-POLE GUY: A guy strand run between two poles in the lead
(Fig. 4 and 4a). Pole-to-pole guys should be used only where necessary
due to right-of-way or other conditions, which will not permit placement
of anchor(s). Provide the lead to height ratio of pole-to-pole guy(s) on
engineering survey drawing(s). The Telco engineer will specify the size
of pole-to-pole guy(s) required.
Where two or more pole-to-pole guys are placed in adjacent spans, the
separation between the lower end of the first guy and the upper end of the
second guy should not exceed 8 feet. The lower attachment shall not be
less than 8 feet from the ground. Pole-to-pole guys must meet all
associated G.O. 95 requirements.
3. DETERMINING LEAD AND HEIGHT
3.1 The lead and height of a guy are defined as distances in feet, measured as shown
in Fig. 5, expressed as a fraction to give the lead over height ratio. For example, a
5 – Page 3
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
lead of 15 ft. and a height of 30 ft. is expressed as 15/30 or a lead over height ratio
of 1/2.
5 – Page 4
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
4. DETERMINING PULL
4.1 Pull at a corner pole may be determined by measuring the distance in feet from
the pole to a point away from the pole as shown in Fig. 6. The preferred and
alternative methods are shown in the figure.
4.2 The pull at a corner pole can more conveniently be ascertained by using a “Pull
Finder” as described in Parts 5 and 6 of this section.
5 – Page 5
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
5. PULL FINDER DESCRIPTION
6.1 A “Pull Finder”, shown in Fig. 7, consists of two pivoting sighting arms and a short
arm that supports the sighting arms. The short arm has a threaded point that screws
into a pole and supports the tool. The pull finder illustrated has an integral guy rod
and strand gauge, but other models do not.
6.2 The pointer on arm B indicates the pull in feet on the scale inscribed on arm C. The
other scale, inscribed on arm B, when used in conjunction with the index mark on
arm C enables arm C to be swung around and point along the correct bisecting line
of the corner angle. Front sight pins located at the end of each sighting arm are used
for alignment with a pin or back sight on top of the pivot bolt assembly.
6. PULL FINDER USE
To Measure Pull
5 – Page 6
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
6.1 To determine the pull at a corner pole by use of the pull finder, screw the short
arm “A” into the corner pole as illustrated in Fig. 8. Adjust arm C so the line of
sight, when sighting over the back sight and the front sight on arm C, is tangent
tot the surface of the pole adjacent to the corner pole. In a similar manner, line up
arm B by sighting on the other pole adjacent to the corner pole. Check arm C to
make certain it has not moved. The pointer on arm B now indicates, on the scale
on arm C, the pull in feet at the corner.
To Bisect Pull
6.2 The pull finder, in addition to being used to determine the pull at a corner pole,
can be used to quickly and conveniently bisect the angle of the corner pull for the
purpose of locating the anchor or stub pole. To bisect the angle, proceed as
follows:
6.2.1 Mount the pull finder on the corner pole and measure the pull in feet.
6.2.2 Without disturbing arm B, swing arm C away from the pole until the index
mark (located just beyond the 40-foot mark on the pull scale) points to the
pull reading (obtained in (a) above) as read on the CORNER BISECTOR
scale on arm B.
6.2.3 Arm C is now in line with the bisector of the corner angle (Fig. 9), and the
anchor or guy stub should be located in line with the back sight and the
front sight on arm C. If the anchor or guy stub location is so far away that
the sights on the pull finder cannot be observed accurately, place a digging
bar or a range rod on the bisector line a few feet away from the pole where
the pull finder sights may be easily observed. The anchor or stub may
then be located in line with this marker and the corner pole.
5 – Page 7
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
6.3 When a pull finder is not available or cannot be used because of an obstruction,
bisecting the angle of pull can be accomplished as shown in Fig. 10.
7. DETERMINING SIZE OF GUY STRAND
7.1 After the pull at the pole and the lead over height ratio have been determined and
the size of the suspension strand or strands is known, the proper size strand for
guys must be determined. Head guys for cables can be of the same size as the
suspension strand, provided three or fewer spans of cable will be supported, or the
5 – Page 8
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
LEAD/HEIGHT ratio of the guy of 3/4 or greater. When the LEAD/HEIGHT
ratio is less than 3/4 for more than 3 spans, use the tables below or a guy rule to
determine the size of guy required.
TABLE A
HEAD GUY STRAND SIZES
SIZE OF LEAD OVER HEIGHT
SUSPENSION
STRAND 1/5 1/4 3/10 1/3 2/5 1/2 3/5 2/3 3/4
(INCHES) SIZE OF GUY STRAND (S) REQUIRED (INCHES)
1/4 1/2 1/2 1/2 7/16 7/16 7/16 3/8 3/8 1/4
5/16 1 / 2 & 3/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 7/16 7/16 7/16 7/16 5/16
TABLE B
SIDE GUY STRAND SIZES FOR 1 / 4-INCH SUSPENSION STRAND
LEAD OVER HEIGHT RATIO
PULL ON
POLE 1/5 1/4 3/10 1/3 2/5 1/2 3/5 2/3 3/4 4/5 1/1 1-1 /4 1-1 / 2 2 4
(FEET)
SIZE OF GUY STRAND REQUIRED (INCHES)
4 1/4 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16
10 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16
15 3/8 5/16 5/16 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16
20 3/8 3/8 3/8 5/16 5/16 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16
25 7/16 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 5/16 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 3/16 3/16 3/16
30 7/16 7/16 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 5/16 5/16 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4
35 1/2 7/16 7/16 7/16 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 5/16 5/16 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4
40 1/2 7/16 7/16 7/16 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 5/16 5/16 5/16 1/4 1/4 1/4
45 1/2 1/2 7/16 7/16 7/16 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 5/16 5/16 1/4 1/4 1/4
TABLE C
SIDE GUY STRAND SIZES FOR 5 / 16-INCH SUSPENSION STRAND
PULL LEAD OVER HEIGHT RATIO
ON
POLE 1/5 1/4 3/10 1/3 2/5 1/2 3/5 2/3 3/4 4/5 1/1 1-1 /4 1-1 /2 2 4
(FEET)
5 – Page 9
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
SIZE OF GUY STRAND REQUIRED (INCHES)
3 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16
5 1/4 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16
10 3/8 5/16 5/16 5/16 1/4 1/4 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16
15 3/8 3/8 3/8 5/16 5/16 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16
20 7/16 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 5/16 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4
25 7/16 7/16 7/16 3/8 3/8 3/8 5/16 5/16 5/16 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4
30 1/2 7/16 7/16 7/16 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 5/16 5/16 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4
35 1/2 1/2 7/16 7/16 7/16 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 5/16 5/16 5/16 1/4 1/4
40 1/2 1/2 1/2 7/16 7/16 7/16 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 5/16 5/16 5/16
5/16
45 & 1/2 1/2 1/2 7/16 7/16 7/16 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 5/16
1/2
Determining Size of Strand for Side Guy
7.2 Proceed as follows:
7.2.1 Measure LEAD and HEIGHT of guy in feet.
7.2.2 Write lead over height in form of a fraction as LEAD/HEIGHT 20/22 =
about 1, meaning that lead of guy in feet is equal to or about equal to the
height of same guy in feet.
5 – Page 10
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
7.2.3 The LEAD/HEIGHT can be determined on the back of the rule by setting
“LEAD” in feet opposite “HEIGHT” in feet and read ratio opposite arrow
marked READ RATIO HERE (Fig. 11).
7.2.4 Measure pull on pole in feet.
7.2.5 Set “LEAD” IN FEET/”HEIGHT” IN FEET of guy shown on outer scale
of smaller disc opposite “PULL” ON POLE IN FEET shown on outer
scale of larger disc.
5 – Page 11
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
7.2.6 Opposite the SIZE OF SUSPENSION STRAND carried on pole shown on
the inner scale of the small disc, read in opening, SIZE OF GUY
REQUIRED (Fig. 12).
5 – Page 12
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
Determining Size of Strand for Head Guy
7.3 Proceed as described in paragraph 7.2.1 through 7.2.3.
7.3.1 Set “LEAD” IN FEET/”HEIGHT” IN FEET shown on outer scale of
small disc, opposite arrow marked CABLE HEAD GUY shown on outer
scale of large disc (Fig. 13).
7.3.2 Opposite SIZE OF SUSPENSION STRAND shown on inner scale of
small disc, read in opening, SIZE OF GUY REQUIRED.
5 – Page 13
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
Determining Size of Strand for Side or Head Guy to Stub Pole or Tree
7.4 Where the guy is attached to a stub pole or tree and is approximately parallel to
the ground with a LEAD/HEIGHT of more than four, proceed as follows:
7.4.1 Measure pull on pole in feet (side guy only).
7.4.2 Set GUY TO STUB shown on outer scale of small disc opposite “PULL”
ON POLE IN FEET or CABLE HEAD GUY shown on outer scale of
large disc, depending upon whether guy is a side guy or head guy.
7.4.3 Opposite SIZE OF SUSPENSION STRAND shown on inner scale of
small disc, read in opening, SIZE OF GUY REQUIRED (Fig. 14).
5 – Page 14
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
Determining Size of Strand for Anchor Guy to Stub Cable Only
7.5 Proceed as described in paragraph 7.2.1 through 7.2.4.
7.5.1 Set “LEAD” IN FEET/”HEIGHT” IN FEET of guy shown on outer scale
of small disc opposite “PULL” ON POLE IN FEET shown on outer scale
of large disc.
7.5.2 Opposite SIZE OF SUSPENSION STRAND on the pole shown on inner
scale of small disc, read in opening, SIZE OF GUY REQUIRED, for
anchor guy to stub (Fig. 15).
5 – Page 15
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
7.6 When guying lines that support more than one suspension strand, except where
two strands are supported on the same suspension bolt, it is preferable to guy each
strand separately. This is especially true for head guys.
7.7 Where it is not practical to guy each suspension strand separately, exceptions may
be made as follows:
7.7.1 For head guys or side guys a single guy may be used where the separation
between suspension strands is two feet or less (See Fig. 17). The size of
the single guy strand must be of adequate size to withstand the combined
load. For example: Assume that a 3/8-inch suspension strand and a 5/16-
inch suspension strand are on the same pole and there is a 15-foot pull at
the pole. If separate guys were used, one would be a 3/8-inch strand and
the other would be a 5/16-inch strand. If one guy is used it must be a 3/8-
inch strand.
7.7.2 At corners with a pull of 6 feet or less, a single guy may be used for three
7/16-inch or smaller suspension strands.
Dead-End Poles
7.8 Head guys should be used at all dead-end poles and at corner poles where the pull
is in excess of 50 feet.
7.9 The size of strand used for head guys can be the same size as the suspension
strand if the lead over height ratio of the guy is 3/4 or greater. When the lead over
height ratio is less than 3/4, use Table A or a guy rule to determine the size of the
guy strand.
7.10 The following figures illustrate how head guys should be installed at strand
dead-ends.
5 – Page 16
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
7.10.1 Where single guy is used for one suspension strand, place guy as shown
in Fig. 16.
7.10.2 Where a single guy is used for two suspension strands with a separation
of 2 feet or less, place guy as shown in Fig. 17.
5 – Page 17
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
7.10.3 Where there is one suspension strand and two guys are required, place
guys as shown in Fig. 18.
7.10.4 Where three guys are required with two suspension strands, place guys
as shown in Fig. 19.
5 – Page 18
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
Corner Poles
7.11 Corner poles shall be guyed where the pull is 3 feet or more if 5/16-inch
suspension strand is placed and where the pull is 2 feet or more if 3/8-inch
suspension strand is in place.
7.12 Side Guys can be installed on all poles where the pull is less than 50 feet. Tables
B and C show the sizes of guy strand for various leads and corner pulls based on
the size of the suspension strand.
7.13 The following figures illustrate the guy arrangement for various corner pulls.
7.13.1 Where the corner pull on the pole is 50 feet or less a side guy bisecting
corner angle is required. See Fig. 20.
5 – Page 19
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 5
7.13.2 Where the pull on the corner pole exceeds 50 feet, but is less than a right
angle, place two head guys as shown in Fig. 21.
7.13.3 At right-angle corners (70-foot pull) made on one pole, two head guys
shall be placed as shown in Fig. 22. Each guy shall be in line with the
suspension strand that it supports.
5 – Page 20
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 1
GROUNDING OR INSULATING GUYS
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1. GENERAL
1.1 This section provides general instructions for the grounding or insulation of guys
where power conductors are involved in order to protect workmen and the public
from electrical hazards.
1.2 For the purpose of these instructions, guys exposed to power conductors are
defined as “exposed guys” or “guys in proximity”, depending on the voltage and
relative location of the power conductors involved.
1.3 Unexposed guys need not be sectionalized nor grounded except for guys
supporting exposed isolated cable which are to be treated as specified in
Paragraph 2.4
1.4 The vertical separation of 4, 6, or 8 feet between power conductors and Class C
cables or guys apply to the separation between power conductors and the nearest
surface of hardware attached to cables or guys and not to the surface of the cable
or guy concerned itself.
2. DEFINITION OF “EXPOSED GUY”
2.1 Exposed Guy means a guy of which any part is within 10 feet, measured
horizontally, from the vertical plane of any power conductor of more than 250
volts (between conductors), that is, within the “zone of exposure” surrounding
such power conductors. The following illustration shows what is considered the
zone of exposure around a power line. It is the space surrounding a power line
extending upward from the ground level and limited by those points which are at
a distance of 10 feet measured horizontally from a power conductor.
6 – 1 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 1
2.2 In the case of guys within the “zone of exposure” of power circuits of less than
250 volts, where there is a possibility of the voltage being increased above 250
volts, thereby making an exposure, consider the guys as exposed.
2.3 A guy is not considered exposed merely because the Class C cable line of the
open wire line which it supports is exposed elsewhere. To be considered exposed,
the guy must be directly exposed itself, or electrically connected to the exposed
portion of another guy on the same pole or stub which is directly exposed. See,
however, the exception mentioned in the following paragraph.
2.4 There is an exception to the principle covered in Paragraph 2.3 in the case of an
isolated aerial cable, which is on a jointly used pole or is exposed at any point
along its run. An isolated cable is defined for this purpose as a cable inserted
between sections of an open wire line. All guys to such an exposed isolated cable
line shall be considered exposed, even though individual guys are not directly
exposed. Guys supporting isolated aerial cables shall be separated from the
messenger strand when the guy is in the zone of proximity.
6 – 1 – Page 2
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 1
3. DEFINITION OF “GUY IN PROXIMITY”
3.2 Guy in Proximity means a guy of which any part is both within a vertical distance
of less than 8 feet from the level of supply conductors of any voltage and a radial
distance of less than 6 feet from the surface of a wood pole or structure, that is,
within the “zone of proximity” around the power conductors. The following
illustration shows what is considered the zone of proximity around power
conductors:
4. PURPOSE OF GROUNDING OR PLACING STRAIN INSULATORS IN GUYS
4.1 The purpose of rounding guys or placing strain insulators in them is as follows:
4.1.1 To protect pedestrians from guys which may be in accidental contact with
power conductors.
4.1.2 To protect workmen on poles from guys which may be in accidental
contact with power conductors.
4.1.3 To protect workmen on poles from the additional hazard of grounded guys
in the working space around power conductors.
4.2 In addition to the above, strain/insulators are placed in guys in special cases where
required by electrolysis considerations.
5. EXPLANATION OF VOLTAGE DESIGNATIONS
5.1 In determining how to ground an exposed Class C guy or whether to place
insulators in it, it is essential to know the voltage of the power circuits to which
the guy is exposed.
6 – 1 – Page 3
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 1
5.2 The voltage for guying purposes is the maximum operating voltage between any
two wires of the circuit involved.
6. TYPES OF GROUNDS
6.1 The following types of grounds are considered suitable for grounding guys which
are exposed to voltages as indicated:
6.1.1 Voltages of 250 – 22,500: A Class C suspension strand or cable sheath
which is electrically connected to a buried or underground cable or to a
central office ground.
6.1.2 Voltages in excess of 22,500: A standard guy rod or ground rod installed
in earth.
6.2 Rock anchors are not considered as providing a satisfactory ground connection.
6.3 Guy rods, which have been treated with asphalt paint and tapecoat corrosion
protection, are not considered as providing a satisfactory ground connection.
6.4 Tree guys are not considered as providing a satisfactory ground connection.
7. REQUIREMENTS WHERE GUY IS EXPOSED TO VOLTAGES OF 250 – 22,500
ONLY (NOT IN PROXIMITY)
7.1 Where a guy is exposed to voltages of 250 – 22,500 only, ground the guy, if
practicable, to a Class C suspension strand or cable sheath which is electrically
connected to a buried or underground cable or to a central office ground, except
as covered in Paragraph 7.3.
7.2 If it is impracticable to ground the exposed guy in accordance with the above,
place strain insulators in the guy as follows:
6 – 1 – Page 4
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 1
7.2.1 Anchor Guy
7.2.1.1 Place a strain insulator in the guy not less than 8 feet above the
ground as illustrated below:
7.2.1.2 Where an exposure can be isolated by the use of two strain
insulators, they should be employed as shown in the following
illustration:
6 – 1 – Page 5
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 1
NOTE: Omit this insulator if it cannot be located outside zone of
exposure.
7.2.2 Overhead Guy — Place a strain insulator in the guy not less than 6 feet
and not more than 9 feet (measured along the guy) from each point of
attachment to wood poles or structures. All insulators in overhead guys
shall be not less than 8 feet above the ground. (See Figure 5.)
NOTE: When overhead guy is less than 17 feet in length place only one
insulator midway in overhead guy, and either place an insulator in anchor
guy or maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface
between overhead and anchor guys on stub.
7.3 The practice of grounding exposed guys (not in proximity) rather than placing
strain insulators is preferred where a satisfactory ground connection can
conveniently be made, except in the following case:
7.3.1 Where a guy must be placed over power conductors of 250 – 750 volts, 1
to 2 strain insulators shall be placed in the guy to isolate the exposure.
(See Figure 6.)
NOTE: In no case shall a guy be placed over power conductors carrying
in excess of 750 volts.
6 – 1 – Page 6
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 1
8. REQUIREMENTS WHERE GUY IS EXPOSED TO VOLTAGES IN EXCESS OF
22,500 ONLY
8.1 Where a guy is exposed to voltages in excess of 22,500 only, ground the guy rod
or ground rod installed in earth. Portions of guys exposed to voltages in excess of
22,500 only shall not be insulated.
8.2 A separation of at least four inches of pole surface shall be maintained between a
guy exposed to voltages in excess of 22,500 and Class C suspension strand, cable,
wires, and associated hardware.
8.3 In the case of an exposed guy attached to a rock anchor, place a standard ground
rod near the butt of the pole or stub to which the guy is attached and connect the
guy electrically to the ground rod. A separation of at least four inches of pole
surface shall be maintained between the ground wire and Class C suspension
strand, cable, wires and associated hardware.
8.4 A guy in proximity to voltages in excess of 22,500 and not in proximity to
voltages of less than 22,500 shall be treated as covered in Paragraphs 8.1-8.3.
9. REQUIREMENTS WHERE GUY IS EXPOSED TO VOLTAGES IN EXCESS OF
22,500 AND ALSO TO VOLTAGES OF 250-22,500 (NOT IN PROXIMITY)
9.1 Where the guy is exposed simultaneously to voltages both above and below
22,500 (not in proximity) proceed in accordance with instructions given in Part 8.
10. REQUIREMENTS WHERE GUY IS IN PROXIMITY TO VOLTAGES OF 22,500
OR LESS
10.1 Where a guy is in proximity to a wood pole and to voltages of 22,500 or less, the
guy shall be sectionalized by means of strain insulators located as described
6 – 1 – Page 7
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 1
below and no portion in proximity to such voltages shall be grounded. See
Paragraph 10.2 for exception to this requirement which permits grounding of a
guy to cable suspension strand under certain conditions.
10.1.1 Anchor Guy — Place a strain insulator in the guy located not less than
8 feet above the ground and either:
10.1.1.1 Not less than 8 feet below the lowest supply conductor or,
10.1.1.2 Not less than 6 feet from surface of pole and one foot below
the lowest supply conductor. (See Figs. 7 and 8.)
6 – 1 – Page 8
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 1
NOTE: Locate insulator not less than 8 feet above ground and either (1)
not less than 8 feet below lowest power wire or, (2) not less than 6 feet
from pole and one foot below lowest power wire. Short guys or other
conditions may require insulators at two locations to meet this
requirement, one location being not less than 8 feet above ground and
the other location either not less than 8 feet below the lowest power
conductors, or not less than 6 feet from pole and not less than one foot
below the lowest power conductors.
10.1.2 Overhead Guys — Place a strain insulator in the guy not less than 6
feet and not more than 9 feet (measured along the guy) from each point
of attachment to poles, crossarms or structures. All insulators in
overhead guys shall be not less than 8 feet above the ground. (See Figs.
9 and 10.)
6 – 1 – Page 9
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 1
NOTE: Portion of guy in proximity must not be grounded to suspension
strand or cable sheath.
10.2 Anchor guys and overhead guys are excepted from the requirements given in
Paragraph 10.1 and need no be sectionalized because of proximity to voltages of
0 – 22,500 under the following conditions:
10.2.1 The guys are attached to poles not less than 6 feet below the level of the
lowest supply conductors provided the level of the guy attachment is at
or below the level of cable messenger attached to the same pole and that
the guy is grounded to the cable messenger.
NOTE: Guys attached at or below level of cable messenger and
grounded by connection to cable messenger.
6 – 1 – Page 10
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 1
10.2.2 The guys are attached to poles not less than 4 feet below the level of
supply conductors 0 – 750 volts provided that the guys are extensions of
or are attached to a cable messenger, are in the same vertical plane as the
messenger, and are below the guard arms required for such clearance.
11. REQUIREMENTS WHERE GUY IS IN PROXIMITY TO VOLTAGES OF 22,500
OR LESS AND EXPOSED TO VOLTAGES IN EXCESS OF 22,500
11.1 Where a guy is in proximity to voltages of 22,500 or less and is exposed to
voltages in excess of 22,500 proceed as follows:
11.1.1 The portions of the guy in proximity shall be sectionalized in accordance
with the requirements given in Paragraph 10.1.
11.1.2 The portions of the guy not in proximity shall be attached to or
otherwise connected electrically to a guy rod placed in earth. If this is
not practicable, place a ground rod near the pole or stub and connect the
guy electrically to the ground rod.
11.2 A separation of at least 4 inches of pole surface shall be maintained between a
guy exposed to voltages in excess of 22,500 and telephone suspension strand,
cable, wires and associated hardware.
12. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
12.1 Anchor guys which pass through the level of supply conductors at positions other
than between pole pin positions or outside of the outer supply conductors pin
positions shall have an insulator placed not less than 2 feet above the supply
conductor level. This requirement is in addition to the requirements for insulators
in the guy because of proximity to a wood pole and voltages of 0 – 22,500.
(See following illustration.)
6 – 1 – Page 11
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 1
NOTE: Locate insulator not less than 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less
than 8 feet below lowest power wire or, (2) not less than 6 feet from pole and one
foot below lowest power wire.
12.2 An insulator shall be located in sidewalk anchor guys in proximity to voltages of
0 – 22,500 so that no horizontal brace which is less than 8 feet below the lowest
supply conductor is grounded. This requirement is in addition to the other
requirements for insulators in the guy because of proximity to a wood pole and
voltages of 0 – 22,500. (See following illustration.)
NOTES:
1. Locate insulator not less than 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less
than 8 feet below lowest power wire or, (2) not less than 6 feet from pole
and one foot below lowest power wire.
2. This insulator may be omitted if horizontal brace is more than 8 feet below
lowest power wire.
6 – 1 – Page 12
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 1
12.3 Strain insulators may be placed in guys where required by electrolysis
considerations and will be shown on the detail plans.
13. GROUNDING OR INSULATING TWO OR MORE EXPOSED CLASS C GUYS
ON A POLE
13.1 At corners and branch lead terminations when a pole carries a grounded Class C
cable and in addition Class C open wire, all exposed Class C guys on that pole
should be handled in the same manner, that is, they all should be grounded or all
insulated.
13.2 On poles on which open wire and cable terminate from opposite directions and
separate guys are required for the wire and cable, grounding is not considered
satisfactory and all exposed Class C guys shall be insulated. Maintain an electrical
separation of 4 inches of pole surface between metallic parts of anchor guys and
suspension strand and cable.
14. EXTENSIONS OF SUSPENSION STRAND
14.1 A suspension strand sometimes extends one or more spans beyond a pole at which
the aerial cable is terminated and crosses over or under electric power wires,
thereby introducing an exposure. Consider such extensions as suspension strand
except where the extension would create an additional exposure to voltages over
22,500. In this case, provide a 4 inch separation between the cable messenger and
extension at the last pole supporting cable and treat the extension as an overhead
guy.
15. CONNECTIONS BETWEEN DIFFERENT AERIAL CABLE SYSTEMS
15.1 Where the ends of two cables approach each other from (opposite directions), it is
sometimes advantageous to provide a continuous strand and thereby avoid dead-
ending two suspension strands and placing head guys. Ordinarily, no electrical
separation between the two cables is required. If, however, because of electrolysis
or other reasons it is desirable to separate the two cables electrically, this may be
done by installing a strain insulator in the suspension strand at a point between the
ends of the cables.
15.2 Install a strain insulator as covered in Paragraph 15.1 only when called for in the
detail plans or other instructions.
6 – 1 – Page 13
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 1
16. TABULAR SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUNDING OR
INSULATING GUYS
A. EXPOSED GUYS GROUNDING INSULATING
GROUND GUY TO
SUSPENSION STRAND OR
IF NOT PRACTICABLE TO
1. VOLTAGES OF 250 – CABLE SHEATH WHICH IS
GROUND THE GUY, PLACE
22,500 ONLY (NOT IN ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED
ONE OR TWO INSULATORS
PROXIMITY). TO A BURIED OR UG CABLE
IN GUY (PAR. 7.2).
OR C.O. GROUND (PAR. 7.1).
(SEE EXCEPTION IN PAR. 7.3)
GROUND GUY TO STANDARD
EXPOSED PORTIONS OF
2. VOLTGES IN EXCESS OF GUY ROD OR GROUND ROD
GUYS SHALL NOT BE
22,500 ONLY. INSTALLED IN EARTH (PAR.
INSULATED (PAR. 8.1).
8.1). SEE NOTE 1.
3. VOLTAGES IN EXCESS
GROUND GUY TO STANDARD
OF 22,500 AND ALSO TO EXPOSED PORTIONS OF
GUY ROD OR GROUND ROD
VOLTAGES OF 250 – GUYS SHALL NOT BE
INSTALLED IN EARTH (PAR.
22,500 (NOT IN INSULATED (PAR. 8.1).
8.1). SEE NOTE 1.
PROXIMITY).
B. GUYS IN PROXIMITY
PORTIONS OF GUY IN
PORTIONS OF GUY IN PROXIMITY SHALL BE
PROXIMITY SHALL NOT BE SECTIONALIZED BY MEANS
1. VOLTAGES OF 0 – 22,500
GROUNDED (PAR. 10.1). (SEE OF STRAIN INSULATORS
ONLY.
EXCEPTIONS FOR CABLE (PAR. 10.1). (SEE
GUYS IN PAR. 10.2). EXCEPTIONS FOR CABLE
GUYS IN PAR. 10.2).
PORTIONS OF GUY NOT IN
2. IN PROXIMITY TO PORTIONS OF GUY IN
PROXIMITY SHALL BE
VOLTAGES OF 0 – 22,500 PROXIMITY SHALL BE
GROUNDED TO A STANDARD
AND EXPOSED TO SECTIONALIZED BY MEANS
GUY ROD OR GROUND ROD
VOLTAGES IN EXCESS OF STRAIN INSULATORS.
INSTALLED IN EARTH (PAR.
OF 22,500. (PAR. 11.1.1).
11.1.2). SEE NOTE 1.
NOTE 1: A SEPARATION OF AT LEAST 4 INCHES OF POLE SURFACE SHALL BE MAINTAINED
BETWEEN A GUY EXPOSED TO VOLTAGES IN EXCESS OF 22,500 AND TELEPHONE
SUSPENSION STRAND, CABLE, WIRES AND ASSOCIATED HARDWARE. ROCK
ANCHORS AND GUY RODS WHICH HAVE BEEN TREATED WITH CORROSION
PROTECTION ARE NOT CONSIDERED AS PROVIDING A SATISFACTORY GROUND
CONNECTION.
6 – 1 – Page 14
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 2
LOCATION OF STRAIN INSULATORS
EXPOSED CABLE GUYS (NOT IN PROXIMITY)
ILLUSTRATIONS
1. GENERAL
1.1 This section contains illustrations showing the location of strain insulators in
exposed cable guys (not in proximity) in accordance with the requirements given
in Section 6, Part 1, Grounding or Insulating Guys — General Requirements.
1.2 The illustrations contained herein cover the conditions most generally
encountered. For other conditions, insulators, if required, should be located in
accordance with the instructions given in Section 6, Part 1.
2. ISOLATED AERIAL CABLE
2.1 The location of strain insulators required to be installed in guys from an isolated
aerial cable (see Section 6, Part 1, Paragraph 2.4) because of exposure to voltages
of 250 – 22,500 only, shall be identical to that shown in the illustrations for
exposed open wire guys. No electrical separation is required between the guy and
the suspension strand and cable sheath.
3. AERIAL CABLE CONNECTED TO A BURIED OR UNDERGROUND CABLE
OR CENTRAL OFFICE GROUND
3.1 Exposed to 250 – 22,500 volts only (not in proximity). Generally, where a guy to
an aerial cable is exposed to voltages of 250 – 22,500 only, the guy should be
grounded to a grounded suspension strand or cable sheath (see Section 6, Part 1,
Paragraph 7.1). The following illustration covers the location of strain insulators
in situations where grounding to the suspension strand is not considered
satisfactory:
6 – 2 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 2
NOTE: This insulator may be omitted if anchor guy is not directly exposed and is
not electrically connected to exposed portion of overhead guy.
3.2 Exposed to 250 – 22,500 volts plus other exposure of over 22,500 volts.
3.2.1
NOTE: An electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface shall be maintained
between metallic parts of overhead guy and suspension strand and cable.
6 – 2 – Page 2
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 2
3.2.2
NOTE: An electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface shall be maintained
between metallic parts of overhead guy and suspension strand and cable.
6 – 2 – Page 3
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
LOCATION OF STRAIN INSULATORS
CABLE GUYS IN PROXIMITY
ILLUSTRATIONS
1. GENERAL
1.1 This section contains illustrations showing the location of strain insulators in
cable guys in proximity in accordance with the requirements given in the section
on Grounding or Insulating Guys, General Requirements.
1.2 The illustrations contained herein cover the conditions most generally
encountered. For other conditions, insulators, if required, should be located in
accordance with the instructions given in General Requirements.
2. NON-JOINT CONSTRUCTION
2.1
2.1.1
NOTES:
1. At least 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less than 8 feet below
lowest power wire, or (2) not less than 6 feet from pole and one foot below
lowest power wire.
6 – 3 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
2. An electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface must be maintained
between metallic parts of overhead guy and suspension strand and cable if
any part of overhead guy is exposed to voltages over 22,500.
2.1.2
NOTE: This insulator may be omitted if anchor guy is not directly exposed and
an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface is maintained between metallic
parts of anchor guy and exposed portion of overhead guy.
2.1.3
NOTE: Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of overhead guy and suspension strand and cable.
6 – 3 – Page 2
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
3. JOINT CONSTRUCTION
3.1 Cable on Cable Arms
3.1.1
NOTES:
1. Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of guy and suspension strand and cable.
2. At least 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less than 8 feet below
lowest power wire, or (2) not less than 6 feet from pole and one foot below
lowest power wire.
6 – 3 – Page 3
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
3.1.2
3.1.3
NOTE: Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of guy and any stub cable, terminal, or drop wires attached to poles.
6 – 3 – Page 4
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
3.1.4
NOTES:
1. Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of guy and any stub cable, terminal, or drop wires attached
to poles.
2. At least 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less than 8 feet below
lowest power wire, or (2) not less than 6 feet from pole and one foot below
lowest power wire.
3.1.5
6 – 3 – Page 5
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
NOTES:
1. Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of guy and any stub cable, terminal, or drop wires attached
to poles.
2. At least 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less than 8 feet below
lowest power wire, or (2) not less than 6 feet from pole and one foot below
lowest power wire.
3.1.6
NOTES:
1. Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of guy and any stub cable, terminal, or drop wires attached
to poles.
2. At least 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less than 8 feet below
lowest power wire, or (2) not less than 6 feet from pole and one foot below
lowest power wire.
6 – 3 – Page 6
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
3.2 Cable Attached to Pole (Less than 6 feet below power.)
3.2.1
NOTES:
1. Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of anchor guy and suspension strand or cable.
2. At least 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less than 8 feet below
lowest power wire, or (2) not less than 6 feet from pole and one foot below
lowest power wire.
3.2.2
6 – 3 – Page 7
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
3.2.3
NOTE: Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of guy and suspension strand or cable sheath.
3.2.4
NOTES:
1. At least 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less than 8 feet below
lowest power wire, or (2) not less than 6 feet from pole and one foot below
lowest power wire.
2. Insulators may be omitted provided that guys are extensions of or are
attached to a grounded cable messenger, are in same vertical plane as
messenger, and are below guard arms. Grounding the guy is preferable to
6 – 3 – Page 8
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
placing insulators when the guy can be connected to a grounded cable
messenger.
3. Guy must not be grounded by connection to messenger or cable sheath
except if guy is attached at or below level of cable messenger.
3.2.5
NOTES:
1. Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of anchor guy and suspension strand or cable.
2. At least 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less than 8 feet below
lowest power wire, or (2) not less than 6 feet from pole and one foot below
lowest power wire.
6 – 3 – Page 9
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
3.2.6
NOTES:
1. Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of guy and suspension strand, cable or drop wires.
2. At least 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less than 8 feet below
lowest power wire, or (2) not less than 6 feet from pole and one foot below
lowest power wire.
3.3 Cable Attached to Pole (6 to 8 feet below power).
3.3.1
6 – 3 – Page 10
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
NOTES:
1. At least 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less than 8 feet below
lowest power wire, or (2) not less than 6 feet from pole and one foot below
lowest power wire.
2. This insulator may be omitted if guy attachment to pole is at or below the
level of cable messenger and guy is electrically connected to a grounded
cable messenger. Grounding the guy is preferable to placing insulators
when the guy can be connected to a grounded cable messenger.
3. Guy must not be grounded by connection to messenger or cable sheath
except if guy is attached at or below level of cable messenger.
3.3.2
NOTES:
1. At least 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less than 8 feet below
lowest power wire, or (2) not less than 6 feet from pole and one foot below
lowest power wire.
2. Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of anchor guy and suspension strand and cable. (This
electrical separation is required whether guy is attached above or below
level of cable messenger.)
6 – 3 – Page 11
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
3.3.3
NOTES:
7 Both insulators may be omitted if guy attachment to pole is at or below the
level of the cable messenger and guy is electrically connected to a
grounded cable messenger. In this case no electrical separation is required
between anchor guy and overhead guy. Grounding the guy is preferable to
placing insulators when the guy can be connected to a grounded cable
messenger.
8 Guy must not be grounded by connection to messenger or cable sheath
except if guy is attached at or below level of cable messenger.
3.3.4
6 – 3 – Page 12
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
NOTE: Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of overhead guy and suspension strand and cable. (This electrical
separation is required whether guy is attached above or below level of cable
messenger.)
3.3.5
NOTES:
1. At least 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less than 8 feet below
lowest power wire, or (2) not less than 6 feet from pole and one foot below
lowest power wire.
2. This insulator may be omitted if guy attachment to pole is at or below the
level of cable messenger and guy is electrically connected to a grounded
cable messenger. Grounding the guy is preferable to placing insulators
when the guy can be connected to a grounded cable messenger.
3. Guy must not be grounded by connection to messenger or cable sheath
except if guy is attached at or below level of cable messenger.
6 – 3 – Page 13
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
3.3.6
NOTES:
7 Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of anchor guy and suspension strand or cable.
8 At least 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less than 8 feet below
lowest power wire, or (2) not less than 6 feet from pole and one foot below
lowest power wire.
3.3.7
6 – 3 – Page 14
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
NOTES:
1. Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of guy and suspension strand or cable.
2. At least 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less than 8 feet below
lowest power wire, or (2) not less than 6 feet from pole and one foot below
lowest power wire.
4. JOINT CONSTRUCTION PLUS OTHER “EXPOSURE”
4.1 Cable on Cable Arms
4.1.1
NOTE: Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of guy and any stub cable, terminal, or drop wires attached to pole.
6 – 3 – Page 15
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
4.1.2
NOTE: Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of guy and any stub cable, terminal, or drop wires attached to pole.
4.1.3
NOTES:
1. Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of guy and any stub cable, terminal, or drop wires attached
to pole.
6 – 3 – Page 16
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
2. This insulator may be omitted if anchor guy is not directly exposed and an
electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface is maintained between
metallic parts of anchor guy and overhead guy.
4.1.4
NOTE: Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of guy and any stub cable, terminal, or drop wires attached to pole.
4.2 Cable Attached to Pole (Less than 6 feet below power.)
4.2.1
6 – 3 – Page 17
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
NOTE: Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of guy and suspension strand or cable sheath. (This electrical
separation is required whether guy is attached above or below level of cable
messenger.)
4.2.2
NOTE: Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of overhead guy and suspension strand and cable. (This electrical
separation is required whether guy is attached above or below level of cable
messenger.)
4.2.3
6 – 3 – Page 18
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
NOTES:
1. Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of guy and suspension strand or cable sheath. (This
electrical separation is required whether guy is attached above or below
level of cable messenger.)
2. This insulator may be omitted if anchor guy is not directly exposed and an
electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface is maintained between
metallic parts of anchor guy and overhead guy.
6 – 3 – Page 19
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
4.2.4
NOTE: Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of overhead guy and suspension strand and cable.
4.3 Cable Attached to Pole (6 to 8 feet below power).
4.3.1
6 – 3 – Page 20
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
NOTES:
1. This insulator may be omitted if guy attachment to Pole A is at or below
the level of cable messenger and guy is electrically connected to a
grounded cable messenger. Grounding the guy is preferable to placing
insulators when the guy can be connected to a grounded cable messenger.
2. Guy must not be grounded by connection to messenger or cable sheath
except if guy is attached at or below level of cable messenger.
4.3.2
NOTE: Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of overhead guy and suspension strand and cable. (This electrical
separation is required whether guy is attached above or below level of cable
messenger.)
6 – 3 – Page 21
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
4.3.3
NOTES:
1. This insulator may be omitted if anchor guy is not directly exposed and an
electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface is maintained between
metallic parts of anchor guy and overhead guy.
2. All insulators may be omitted if guy attachment to Pole A is at or below
the level of cable messenger and guys are electrically connected to a
grounded cable messenger. Grounding the guy is preferable to placing
insulators when the guy can be connected to a grounded cable messenger.
3. Guy must not be grounded by connection to messenger or cable sheath
except if guy is attached at or below level of cable messenger.
6 – 3 – Page 22
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
4.3.4
NOTE: Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of overhead guy and suspension strand and cable. (This electrical
separation is required whether guy is attached above or below level of cable
messenger.)
6 – 3 – Page 23
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
5. JOINT CONSTRUCTION PLUS OTHER “PROXIMITY”
5.1 Cable on Cable Arms
5.1.1
NOTES:
1. Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of overhead guy and any stub cable, terminal, or drop wires
attached to pole.
2. At least 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less than 8 feet below
lowest power wire, or (2) not less than 6 feet from pole and one foot below
lowest power wire.
6 – 3 – Page 24
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
5.1.2
NOTES:
1. Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of overhead guy and any stub cable, terminal, or drop wires
attached to pole.
2. This insulator may be omitted if anchor guy is not directly exposed and is
not electrically connected to exposed portion of overhead guy.
5.1.3
6 – 3 – Page 25
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
NOTE: Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of overhead guy and any stub cable, terminal, or drop wires
attached to pole.
5.2 Cable Attached to Pole (Less than 6 feet below power.)
5.2.1
NOTES:
1. Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of overhead guy and suspension strand and cable. (This
electrical separation is required whether guy is attached above or below
level of cable messenger.)
2. At least 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less than 8 feet below
lowest power wire, or (2) not less than 6 feet from pole and one foot below
lowest power wire.
6 – 3 – Page 26
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
5.2.2
NOTES:
1. Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of overhead guy and suspension strand and cable. (This
electrical separation is required whether guy is attached above or below
level of cable messenger.)
2. This insulator may be omitted if anchor guy is not directly exposed and is
not electrically connected to exposed portion of overhead guy.
6 – 3 – Page 27
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
5.2.3
NOTE: Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of overhead guy and suspension strand or cable sheath. (This
electrical separation is required whether guy is attached above or below level of
cable messenger.)
5.3 Cable Attached to Pole (6 to 8 feet below power).
5.3.1
6 – 3 – Page 28
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
NOTES:
1. Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of overhead guy and suspension strand and cable. (This
electrical separation is required whether guy is attached above or below
level of cable messenger.)
2. At least 8 feet above ground and either (1) not less than 8 feet below
lowest power wire, or (2) not less than 6 feet from pole and one foot below
lowest power wire.
5.3.2
NOTE: This insulator may be omitted if anchor guy is not directly exposed and is
not electrically connected to exposed portion of overhead guy.
6 – 3 – Page 29
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 6
PART 3
5.3.3
NOTE: Maintain an electrical separation of 4 inches of pole surface between
metallic parts of overhead guy and suspension strand and cable. (This electrical
separation is required whether guy is attached above or below level of cable
messenger.)
6 – 3 – Page 30
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 7
STEPPING POLES
1. GENERAL
1.1 This Section is issued to provide Licensee with Pole Stepping requirements,
which comply with G.O. 95 requirements and Telco Standards.
1.2 Steps are required on certain poles as specified in this section to provide
technicians with safe climbing and working conditions.
1.3 The following definitions are provided to prevent misunderstanding and/or
misinterpretation:
1.3.1 Risers are cables or conductors, excluding ground wires, which extend
below the ground line.
1.3.2 Vertical Runs are cables or conductors, cables attached vertically on
poles but which do not extend to the ground line. No minimum length for
a vertical run is specified.
2. DESCRIPTION OF STEPS
2.1 Figure 1 illustrates a pole step (permanent type).
3. POLES TO BE STEPPED
3.1 Jointly used poles which support supply conductors MUST be stepped if ANY of
the following are attached to the surface of the pole:
3.1.1 Risers — any vertical run of cable or wire extending below the ground
line excluding ground wires.
3.1.2 Vertical Runs — any vertical runs, including cable and any facilities or
equipment similar to cable stubs, terminal stubs, loading coil and
7 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 7
apparatus case stubs, air supply tubing, and bridle wire NOT associated
with service drops.
3.1.3 Communication Terminals or Similar Equipment — cable terminals,
wire terminals, power supply cabinets, apparatus cabinets, etc.
3.1.4 Service Drop Wiring — which extends more than one foot above or
below the line cable level(s).
3.1.5 Cables — when there are more than three levels of line communication
cables or when the distance between the highest and lowest levels of
communication cables exceeds 30 inches.
NOTE: Wire placed below cable for pole-to-pole or pole-to-span clamp
runs is considered to be a line conductor.
3.1.6 Ground Wires – when they are located in the climbing space.
3.2 Non-jointly used poles used only to support communication circuits shall be
stepped in the following instances:
3.2.1 Poles at junctions of cable and open or multiple line wire.
3.2.2 Poles with cross connect terminals, control points, or access points,
installed at other than ground level.
3.2.3 Poles with pole mounted appurtenances that are NOT accessible from
ground level.
3.3 When steps are required, they shall be placed to the uppermost communication
level.
4. LOCATING POLE STEPS
4.1 When pole steps are required, the lowest permanent step shall be less than 9 feet
but not less than 8 feet from the ground line on all new construction. Where the
pole is set in sloping ground, this distance shall be measured from the ground line
on the high side of the pole. Above this point, steps shall be placed in line with
the lead with spacing between steps on the same side of the pole not to exceed
36 inches. Steps shall be placed at least to that conductor level above which only
circuits operated and maintained by one party remain. Poles requiring steps,
which are located near structures and the steps would allow access by children
and other unauthorized persons. The 8 feet shall be measured from the top of the
structure. When detachable pole steps are required, place additional B Pole Step
Mountings as needed.
7 – Page 2
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 7
4.2 The first step below the suspension strand (Fig. 2) shall be located on the side of
the pole opposite from a pole or strand mounted terminal. For other cases, locate
this step on the right side of the pole viewed from the cable side.
4.3 Omit the step above the uppermost messenger on non-jointly used poles.
4.4 Omit the step above the uppermost messenger on jointly used poles only when
double guard arms are installed.
7 – Page 3
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 7
4.5 If conditions require the shifting of steps from the line of the lead, they should be
located in the position offering most convenient climbing with least hazard to
technicians. Shifting of steps is usually required to:
4.5.1 Permit climbing past vertical runs, stub cables, terminals or other pole
mounted boxes, braces, guys, etc.
NOTE: Pole steps shall clear risers and vertical runs by at least 3 inches.
Vertical runs shall not interfere with the free use of pole steps.
4.5.2 Provide convenient means for reaching and working in terminals,
protectors, etc.
4.5.3 Avoid obstructing driveways, entrances to buildings or interfering with
vehicular traffic and pedestrians.
4.5.4 Avoid knots, checks, and holes in poles.
5. PLACING STEPS
5.1 Place pole step (permanent type) as show in Fig. 3.
5.2 Poles steps have a raised or knurled ring around the shank 5-1/2 inches from the
inside of the head. Drive steps into pole to this ring maintaining the 5-1/2 inches
from the inside of the head to the pole surface. Rotate until head of the pole step
is vertical.
7 – Page 4
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 7
5.3 Steps shall not be bent to secure alignment.
6. LOCATING WORK STEPS
6.1 Work steps, in addition to normal permanent steps, are recommended when the
pole has been stepped due to the presence of pole or strand mounted equipment
(except where such equipment is sealed and requires no subsequent access).
6.2 Work steps shall be placed opposite the third step below the level of equipment to
be worked on. With pole mounted equipment, two or more levels of work steps
may be necessary (Fig. 4).
7 – Page 5
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 7
7 – Page 6
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 7
6.3 Where an extension arm or other extension fixture is used, place two work steps
as illustrated in Fig. 5.
7. PLACING MOUNTINGS FOR DETACHABLE POLE STEPS
7.1 Place detachable pole step mountings on all stepped poles requiring work steps.
7.2 Bore 3/8 inch lead holes about 2 inches deep at desired locations of steps. Insert
the screw through the hole in the mounting plate and drive it into the lead hole.
Exercise care to have the long edges of the plate and the head of the screw in a
vertical position. Screw shall be driven in until all edges of the plate are
depressed into the surface of the pole. Drive a 3/16 x 1-1/2 or 2 inch galvanized
Strap Nail through the hole to prevent the place from turning
7 – Page 7
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 7
7.3 Fig. 6 illustrates a B pole step (temporary type).
7.4 Fig. 7 shows locations of mountings for detachable pole steps. They shall be
placed not more than 18 inches apart on opposite sides of the pole.
7 – Page 8
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 7
7.5 The following sketch illustrates a detachable pole step installation.
8. CHECKING STEPS PLACED
8.1 After stepping has been completed, a careful check shall be made to insure that
the location of any step does not present a hazardous condition and that nay
necessary shifting of steps has been completed.
8.2 Placing a step on the screw to see that it seats properly shall check the installation
of B Pole Step Mountings. If necessary, the screw should be aligned to obtain a
satisfactory fit. Before leaving the job, remove detachable steps.
7 – Page 9
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 8
CABLE CROSSARMS
(TYPE E OR EQUIVALENT)
1. GENERAL
1.1 This section covers the use and description of Type E Cable Crossarms or their
equivalent. Cable extension brackets are not approved for use in lieu of using a
cable crossarm.
1.2 Telco messengers and cables will not be detached from poles and placed on cable
crossarms to provide space for licensees cable attachments in lieu of replacing
poles to provide necessary clearances.
2. DESCRIPTION
2.1 The minimum requirements for meeting the equivalency of Type E Cable
Crossarms are:
2.1.1 Material — Wood, Species — Douglas Fir
2.1.2 Prohibited defects
Brashness
Cross-breaks (cracks)
Decayed knots, unsound knots and knots more than 2 inches in diameter
Honeycomb
Pitch seams
Pitch streaks over 1/6 the width or 1/3 the length of the faces in which
they appear
Red Heart
Rot
Shakes
Through-checks extending from top to bottom
2.1.3 Preservatives — Pentachlorophenol in Petroleum
2.1.4 This section covers the description and use of the E and F cable crossarm.
2.1.5 It is reissued to limit the use of these crossarms for the following reasons:
8 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 8
2.1.5.1 Labor hour penalties are incurred when work operations are
performed on cables or related strand-mounted appurtenances.
2.1.5.2 There is a high rearrangement cost associated with converting
from side pole to cable arm construction.
2.1.5.3 There is a need to avoid increase in future maintenance costs.
2.1.5.4 Pole stepping is incompatible with either the Telephone
Company (TelCo) strand work level or the power company
requirements for climbing above the communication level.
2.1.5.5 E and F crossarms reduce available quadrants for TelCo and
power vertical runs and risers.
2.1.5.6 These crossarms are environmentally undesirable.
2.1.6 Types E and F cable crossarms are bored for crossarm braces, cable
suspension bolts, drive rings or bridle rings, and guard arm hooks. See
Fig. 1.
8 – Page 2
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 8
3. USE
3.1 Cable crossarms shall be used only when required in reconstruction or
replacement of existing pole lines, under the following conditions:
3.1.1 Existing cables are attached to cable crossarms.
3.1.2 It is necessary to clear General Order (GO 95 infractions associated with
the horizontal plan to the communication line conductor (such as
inadequate clearance from ornament street lights and power risers,
obstructions to climbing space, etc.) This excludes existing GO 95
infractions vertically above or below the communication line
conductors.
3.1.3 There is a need to clear trees or other obstructions.
3.2 Cable crossarm construction for licensees facilities will be permitted only on pole
lines where existing Telco cables are attached to cable arms. Where the Licensee
will be permitted to use this type of construction, it may place its own cable
crossarms on poles where Telco is acting as the Licenser. Telco engineer shall
specify or approve the grade where licensee cable crossarms will be placed.
3.3 Licensee’s messengers and cables may be placed on cable crossarms as an interim
measure, prior to pole replacement, if it is necessary for licensee to meet local
governmental service commitments. Figure 6 shows cable positions for multiple
8 – Page 3
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 8
licensees. Licensees, will be required to transfer all facilities when the new
pole(s) have been placed.
3.4 When existing Telco Messengers and cables will remain on cable arms and pole
space is available, an additional Type E Cable Crossarm or equivalent should be
placed for licensee facilities if any of the following conditions exist:
3.4.1 When rearrangement of existing Telco Facilities are required, including
the replacement of Type E Cable Crossarms (capacity 2 messenger with
cables) with Type F Cable Crossarms (capacity 4 messengers with cables).
3.4.2 When licensee facilities extend in more than two directions.
3.4.3 When a licensee’s facilities would become the fourth messenger supported
cable on an F cable crossarm.
3.4.4 When horizontal runs of licensee facilities and/or licensee line facilities
that are transverse to the lead. (This condition will not be permitted on
arms jointly occupied with Telco facilities).
3.5 Should future Telco reinforcements be required in the space occupied by a
licensee’s cable crossarm, Telco will replace the licensee’s cable crossarm with
the appropriate Type E or Type F Cable Crossarm at the licensee’s expense.
3.6 Licensee’s line facilities may be attached at the end cable position on the
underside of cable crossarms when the following conditions exist:
3.6.1 A minimum of Telco drop wire arrangements will be required to maintain
clearances specified in Section 2.
3.6.2 Self-supporting coaxial cable having a single solid support wire is not
used.
3.6.3 When adequate separations between licensees service drops and existing
telephone facilities can be obtained. See Section 2, part 2.
3.7 When conditions will not permit the addition of another cable arm, licensees cable
attachments may be placed on top of cable arms (Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the
methods to be used). Clearances from supply circuits are measured from the top
of the highest grounded hardware. See Section 2, Part 1, Figure 4.
8 – Page 4
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 8
3.8 Type E Cable Crossarm or equivalent shall provide support for an ultimate load of
two messengers with cables. The weight of the cable per foot multiplied by one
half the sum of the adjacent span lengths shall not exceed 700 lbs. For each
messenger with cables(s).
3.9 Double Type E Cable Crossarms or equivalent shall be used when the following
conditions exists:
3.9.1 At railroad crossing other than street railways.
3.9.2 Where Type E Cable Crossarms or equivalent are used and the total
weight of the cable per foot on either end of the arm multiplied by one half
the sum of the adjacent span lengths is more than 700 pounds but less
1400 pounds.
8 – Page 5
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 8
4. INSTALLATION
4.1 Licensees cable crossarms shall be placed on the same side of the pole as that
occupied by existing crossarms supporting Class C Communication Circuits.
4.2 Telco engineer shall specify or approve grade for licensees cable crossarm
4.3 A metal pole gain installed as shown in Fig. 4 should be used to avoid the
necessity for cutting a gain in the pole.
8 – Page 6
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 8
4.4 The first Licensee to attach shall use the inside lower position. This position shall
be maintained throughout the lead at each pole where these provisions have been
granted. The Licensee attaching to the outside top position shall have a minimum
vertical separation of 48 inches between Licensees’ upper most grounded
hardware and power conductors 0-7500 volts.
8 – Page 7
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 9
GUARD ARMS
1. GENERAL
1.1 This section covers placement of guard arms on jointly used poles (where
separation between Licensee’s plant and electric supply lines does not meet
CPUC General Order Separations 95 requirements.)
1.2 This section also covers placement of guard arms for Telco drop distribution on
existing or future Telco terminal poles, where less than 18 inches of vertical
separation will be maintained between the upper most Telco conductor and the
licensee conductor (See also Section 2).
1.3 The Licensee will furnish and install all guard arms as specified in this Section.
1.4 Where Telco service drops will be relocated onto a guard arm. Which is
necessary due to the Licensee’s presence on the pole, Telco may place the guard
arm at licensee expense in conjunction with any other required make-ready work
to avoid a subsequent trip to the pole.
1.5 Guard arm placed and used to distribute telco service drops, Licensee will treat as
Telco property. The licensee will not be allowed to distribute drops from the
guard arm.
1.6 On poles that Telco acts as licensor, Licensees service wires may be attached to
guard arms placed above their facilities only on dead-end poles where it is
impracticable to serve from the supporting messenger. See Fig. 1.
9 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 9
1.7 Where two or more cables, messengers, or other conductors are attached to a pole
and a guard arm is required, place the guard arm over the upper most attachment
only.
1.8 At messenger deadends, including false deadends, and at certain corner poles,
place double guard arms as required in Section 3.
1.9 On stepped poles where it is necessary to install double guard arms and the pole
steps will not be parallel with the arms. Shift the pole steps in accordance with
instructions in the pole stepping practice to permit climbing past the guard arms
with a minimum of interface. (See Section 7.)
1.10 At a corner where the pull is away from the pole and the need to employ a
reinforcing strap prevents the proper installation of a guard arm, use reinforcing
links in accordance with instructions in Section 3.
1.11 At corner poles where the pull is toward the pole, and a guy or a reinforcing strap
will prevent the proper installation of guard arms. Provide a minimum clearance
of 6 feet between the suspension strand including its associated hardware and the
power wires supported above the strand and omit the guard arm.
1.12 At corner poles where guard arms are required (other than at double deadends),
where one guy bisecting the angle supports the corner, maintain an electrical
separation of 4 inches between metallic parts of the guy and the suspension strand
or cable. In addition, sectionalize the guy as specified in Section 1, Grounding or
Insulating Guys.
1.13 At deadends, double deadends, and false deadends, see Section 1, Grounding or
Insulating Guys as to whether guys and strand may be electrically connected or
require 4 inches of separation.
9 – Page 2
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 9
2. INSTALLING GUARD ARMS
2.1 Install guard arm as shown in Fig. 2:
2.1.1 A metal pole gain installed as shown in Fig. 3 is recommended to avoid
the necessity for cutting a gain in the pole.
9 – Page 3
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 9
3. ARRANGEMENT OF GUARD ARMS
3.1 On straight line poles (other than at deadends or false deadends) or where the pull
on the pole is less than 10 feet, place the guard arm parallel to the cable, or
essentially so, to obtain equal guarding in both directions.
3.2 At corners where the pull is more than 10 feet, place guard arms as covered in the
following:
3.2.1 Corner Poles — Pull away from the Pole
3.2.1.1 Where the pull on the pole is between 10 feet and 38 feet (see
Fig. 4).
3.2.1.2 Where the pull on the pole is more than 38 feet (see Fig. 5).
9 – Page 4
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 9
3.2.2 Corner Poles — Pull Against the Pole
3.2.2.1 Where the pull on the pole is between 10 feet and 38 feet (see
Fig. 6).
3.2.2.2 Where the pull on the pole is more than 38 feet (see Fig. 7).
3.3 Where strand deadends are made on joint poles less than 6 feet below 0 to 750
volt power wires, place guard arms as follows:
3.3.1 At strand deadends including slack span deadends (see Fig. 8 and 9).
9 – Page 5
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 9
3.3.2 At angles and corners (see Fig. 10).
3.3.3 Branch strand termination (see Fig. 11).
3.4 Where a main and a branch (or other) cable are attached to a junction pole, place
guard arms as shown in Fig. 12.
9 – Page 6
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 9
3.5 Where a false deadend is placed on the suspension strand, place the guard arms as
shown in Fig. 13.
NOTE: Place the guard arm bolt 3 inches above the bolt used for the down guy.
When a B Guy Strap is used it should be reversed so that all grounded hardware
will be below the top of the guard arm.
4. DESCRIPTION OF LICENSEE GUARD ARM
4.1 Licensee guard arms will be manufactured to the specifications shown in Fig. 14.
9 – Page 7
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 10
BONDING AND GROUNDING
1. GENERAL
1.1 This section covers rules on bonding and grounding suspension strand and guy
strand, and also outlines methods of accomplishing the bonding and grounding.
1.2 The purpose of bonding and grounding suspension strand is to reduce the
possibility of electric shock and minimize plant damage in the event of an
accidental contact of the strand with power wires.
1.3 Grounding of the suspension strand will accomplish the following:
1.3.1 Limit the voltage on the strand in the event of an accidental contact with
energized power conductors.
1.3.2 Usually de-energize the power circuit in the event of an accidental contact
by causing operation of power circuit breakers or fuses.
1.3.3 Drain off induced voltages that may be on the strand.
1.4 The local facility engineer and/or electrical protection engineer will either specify
or approve the locations for bonding and grounding of licensees aerial plant.
Telco will check for adequate connection at the time of final inspection.
2. BONDING RULES
2.1 Where two or more aerial suspension strands supporting communication-type
facilities are located on the same pole line, the suspension strands must be bonded
together. The strands must be bonded regardless of ownership.
2.2 Bonding will be done in compliance with the following rules:
2.2.1 If trolley feeders or trolley contact wires are on the same street or
highway, place bonds at the following locations:
2.2.1.1 First and last poles
2.2.1.2 Every fifth intermediate pole until the sections remaining
between bonds is not more than 8 spans or less than 4 spans,
except that the maximum distance between bonds shall not
exceed 1/4 mile.
10 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 10
2.2.2 At locations where power circuits are on the same pole line (no Trolley
circuit), place bonds at the following locations:
2.2.2.1 First and last poles.
2.2.2.2 Four (4) bonds per mile of pole line (including poles with guys,
first and last poles), except that the maximum distance between
bonds shall not exceed 1/4 mile.
2.2.3 At an underground dip or where trolley wires cross over the
communications facilities on the pole line, bond at or near the first pole on
each side.
2.2.4 Place bonds between strands where they cross on poles.
2.2.5 Place bonds between guy strands and suspension strands when they are
terminated on separate bolts.
2.2.6 All active electronic equipment locations.
2.3 Where facilities are on a common bolt, a bond wire is not required.
3. METHODS OF BONDING AND GROUNDING
3.1 To bond two or more strands, connect the strands with a No. 6 solid copper wire.
3.2 Use an appropriate clamp to connect the No. 6 bond wire to all sizes of strand
other than the ½ inch size. Use a Hubbard No. 7060 Strand Ground Clamp, or
equivalent, to connect the No. 6 wire to ½ inch strand. If desired, the No. 7060
clamp, or equivalent, may be used on all sizes of strand.
3.3 Locate the lashing wire or ground clamp close to the suspension clamp. Secure
the ground wire to the pole with staples. Fig. 1 shows a bonding arrangement
where there are two paralleling suspension strands.
10 – Page 2
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 10
10 – Page 3
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 10
3.4 Figure 2 illustrates the bonding arrangement at a corner pole where the two
strands are dead ended on separate bolts. In this case each guy is connected to its
associated strand through the bolt, and a No. 6 wire is not required between the
guy and associated strand.
3.5 Figure 3 illustrates an arrangement where the guy is dead ended on a separate bolt
from the strand. The No. 6 wire is required if the guy and strand are not on the
same bolt.
10 – Page 4
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 10
3.6 Figure 4 shows how the tail of the guy strand can be used as a bond where guy
hooks and guy grips are used on the poles.
CAUTION: On joint use poles, the length of the tail must not be long enough
to permit an accidental whip up into power lines.
10 – Page 5
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 10
3.7 Figure 5 shows a method of bonding strands when they cross at a pole. When
attaching bonding wire to the strand of a self-supporting cable, use a Fargo #GC-
167-P Connector, or equivalent, for corrosive areas or a Fargo #GC-167-M
Connector in non-corrosive areas. These connectors have vise type bodies and
are equipped with jaws having teeth that will pierce the insulation on the strand of
the self-supporting cable. Clamping is accomplished by means of a hexagonal-
head capscrew. If an insulated wire is used, the insulation must be removed from
the portion of the wire that enters the clamp. Wire should be stapled to the pole as
shown in Fig. 1. Figure 6 illustrates the connector and the connector installed on
the strand.
10 – Page 6
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 10
10 – Page 7
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 11
SERVICE DROP ATTACHMENTS
1. GENERAL
1.1 Licensee service drops originating on the same pole line may be attached with
suitable clamps only to the associated Licensee cable suspension strand or integral
messenger, except on dead-end poles where service from the messenger is
impractical. In such cases, licensees may serve:
1.1.1 from the pole, if Telco is service from a guard arm;
1.1.2 from their own guard arm; or
1.1.3 from their own cross arm, where such is permitted.
1.2 Licensee service drops originating on different pole lines may, for the purposes of
obtaining proper ground clearances, be attached as follows:
1.2.1 On join poles — Licensee drops may be attached one foot above an
existing Telco guard arm from which drops are distributed, if proper
separation from power can be obtained; or, where Telco drops are
distributed from the pole, Licensee’s drops may be attached to a guard arm
placed at least one foot above Telco facilities but not less than four feet
from power.
1.2.2 On solely-owned poles — Licensee drops may be attached at least one
foot above Telco facilities but not less than 10 inches from the pole top.
2. DRIVE HOOKS
Installing Drive Hooks
2.1 This section describes the method of installing drive hooks and guard arm only in
those instances where the licensee will be permitted to do so as described above.
2.2 For service drops, locate drive hooks above the cable messenger on the face and
back of the pole. For pole-to-pole and pole-to-span clamp runs, locate drive hooks
below the cable on the face and back or the cable side of the pole.
2.3 Drive hooks located above a cable messenger shall be used only for service drop
attachments (pole-to-building spans) and shall be confined to two areas; each 1-
inch wide by 8-inches high, located on the face and back of the pole. The location
of the top of each area is controlled by clearance requirements. (See Section 2.)
11 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 11
2.4 A maximum of four (4) drive hooks is permitted in each 1-inch by 8-inch area. It
is desirable to have not more than three (3).
2.5 Locate drive hooks at least 1-inch below or 8-inches above pole steps that have
not been shifted to clear drive hooks. See Section 7 for arrangement of pole steps.
2.6 When installing a drive hook, hold it with one hand until it has been driven into
the pole far enough not to be dislodged if struck a glancing blow with the
hammer.
2.7 Stagger the hooks as shown in Fig. 1 when placing more than one drive hook on
the same side of the pole. Try to obtain greater than the minimum vertical
separation between the hooks, particularly for paralleling drop wires.
2.8 If the diameter of a pole is less than 5 inches, drill a 5/16-inch pilot hole
approximately 3 inches deep for the drive hook to avoid splitting the pole. On
such poles provide a vertical clearance of about 3 inches between drive hooks
installed on opposite sides of the pole. If a drive hook is to be installed near the
top of any size pole, it may be necessary to provide a pilot hole to prevent
splitting the pole at the top. A pilot hole should be drilled where difficulty is
experienced in driving a hook into a hard pole.
11 – Page 2
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 11
Capacity of Drive Hooks
2.9 The maximum number of drop wires or spans of drop wire that may be attached
to one (1) drive hook varies according to the direction of the spans and the
available space on the hook.
2.10 To account for drop wire spans in two different directions from a drive hook
placed in the face or back of pole, the number of attachments that may be made to
that one (1) drive hook is expressed as the number of spans instead of the number
of wires.
2.11 When drive hooks are installed in the face or back of poles, the maximum number
of spans (not wires) that may be attached to a single drive hook is dependent upon
whether or not a public thoroughfare crossing is involved.
2.11.1 Service Drops (hook located above strand on face or back or pole):
2.11.1.1 Maximum number of spans not crossing a public
thoroughfare — 4
2.11.1.2 Maximum number of spans crossing a public
thoroughfare — 3
2.11.1.3 Total allowable number of spans — 7
2.11.2 Pole-to-Pole and Pole-to-Span Clamp Runs (hook located below stand
on face or back of pole):
2.11.2.1 Maximum number of spans — 3
2.12 In cases where there is no pull on the pole, where the pull is against the pole, or
where the pull away from the pole is less than 4 inches (as defined in Fig. 2), a
maximum of four (4) wires (not spans) may be attached to a drive hook installed
in the cable side of a pole. Where the pull away from the pole is more than 4
inches, the maximum is three (3) drop wires.
11 – Page 3
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 11
2.13 A maximum of four (4) drop wires from span clamps may be attached to a drive
hook installed in the cable side of a pole.
3. GUARD ARMS
3.1 Refer to Section 9 for installation of guard arms.
4. GUARD ARM HOOKS
4.1 Guard arm hooks are used to attach wires to guard arms and also to cross arms
when more than two (2) drop wires must be attached to the same hook. On a
guard arm, install the hooks in the holes provided at the ends of the guard arm
(Fig. 3). When the guard arm hooks are used on a cross arm, it may be necessary
to drill a 9/16- or 5/8-inch hole for each hook.
11 – Page 4
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 11
4.2 A total of five (5) drop wires, pulling in any direction, may be attached to one (1)
guard arm hook.
5. WIRE RUNS FROM GUARD ARMS AND CABLE ARMS
5.1 Distribute drop wires from a guard arm as shown in Fig. 4, and from cable arms
as shown in Figs. 5 and 6.
11 – Page 5
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 11
5.2 Attach the dorp wire clamp to the guard arm hook by passing the wire tail of the
clamp over the hook. Pass the drop wire through the hook, unless the hook is
congested, and secure the drop wire in the clamp. Run the wires on the guard arm
and pole with sufficient slack so there will be no strain or sharp bends in the drop
wire at the drive rings, hooks, or clamps.
5.3 If brackets and knobs have been previously installed on the guard arm and are in
serviceable condition, drop wires may be distributed from vacant grooves of the
knobs. No more than two (2) drop wires shall be attached to a T-knob and no
more than one (1) drop wire attached to an S-knob.
5.4 When installing, removing, or rearranging drop wires, it may be necessary to
place and distribute from a new guard arm hook at the opposite end of the guard
arm instead of using an existing hook, in order to balance the load on the guard
arm.
11 – Page 6
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 11
5.5 When several drop wires are attached to one guard arm and are run to the same
building, it is desirable to distribute from both ends of the guard arm to equalize
the load, provided the required climbing space, can be maintained.
11 – Page 7
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 12
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AND WORK RULES
UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION
1. GENERAL
1.1 This Section covers general precautions and work rules with which personnel
assigned to work in Company manholes should be familiar. Other precautions
and requirements are stipulated in the Agreement between the Company and the
Licensee occupying the Company’s conduit system.
NOTE: Requirements and precautions covered in the Agreement must be
followed even though they are not specifically listed in this Section.
1.2 The purpose of these precautions is to minimize the possibility of injury to
technicians and damage to the facilities in the manhole.
1.3 Company manholes may not be opened by a licensee unless there is an authorized
representative of the Company present, and technicians shall not enter or work in
manholes except in the presence of an authorized representative of the Company,
unless specific permission is otherwise granted by the appropriate Company
service operations representative.
2. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AND WORK RULES
2.1 Work areas must be guarded before work is started.
2.2 Before entering a manhole, test the atmosphere as described in Section 14.
2.3 Power ventilate manholes before entering and maintain power ventilation
continuously while a technician is inside in accordance with Section 14.
2.4 Use a ladder to enter and leave a manhole. NOTE: Do not use cables as steps.
2.5 CAUTION: Do not use an open flame in a manhole or in proximity to a manhole
even if the manhole atmosphere tests indicate the atmosphere is free of
combustible or toxic gases.
12 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 13
GUARDING WORK AREAS
1. GENERAL
1.1 This section covers the use of Standard Warning Devices for guarding work areas.
1.2 Warning devices are used to provide maximum protection to technicians, plant,
equipment, and to the public, with minimum interference to vehicular and
pedestrian traffic.
1.3 Advance consideration must be given to the protection of company personnel and
the general public, at all work locations by providing planned protected work
areas and traffic guidance.
1.4 Many localities have laws or regulations regarding permits and notifications, or
other specific requirements concerning work operations. It is the responsibility of
the Licensee to become cognizant of and comply with such requirements.
Whether required or not, it is good practice to notify local law enforcement
officials where minor traffic dislocations are involved. Where a major traffic
dislocation will occur, such as blocking a traffic lane on a highway or a main
traffic artery within a town, the law enforcement agency having jurisdiction
should be consulted before work is begun.
1.5 In guarding work areas, especially those exposed to vehicular traffic, it is always
preferable to provide more protection than may appear necessary rather than to
underprotect.
1.6 It is impractical, if not impossible, to cover every situation that may be
encountered which will require use of warning devices. This practice covers
typical examples that will illustrate the principles to be employed in providing the
most effective protection to technicians, equipment, and the general public.
1.7 Spark producing equipment, such as fiber-optic fusion splicers, meggers, electric
drills, electric hammers, or induction sets, are not permitted in manholes.
1.8 Planks or other types of platforms shall not be installed using cables as a means of
support. When a platform is desired, supports can be attached to the cable racks.
1.9 The Company must approve liquid solutions used to detect air leaks in pressurized
cables. This is necessary to prevent the use of a solution that is harmful to cables
having a plastic sheath.
1.10 The Company must approve cable placing lubricants. This is to prevent the use of
solutions that may damage cables having a plastic sheath.
13 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 13
1.11 Except for protective screens, no cover shall be placed over an open manhole
unless it is at least four (4) feet above the surface level of the manhole opening.
1.12 Upon completion of the work and at the end of work shift, all unused materials,
wire clippings, cable sheathing, tools, and debris shall be removed from the
manhole.
1.13 All cables and associated equipment installed in a manhole shall be properly
supported to the satisfaction of the Company representative.
1.13.1 Cables and equipment shall be located only in assigned space.
1.13.2 CAUTION: Smoking in manholes or above ground in proximity to
manholes is not permitted.
1.13.3 Combustible materials shall not be allowed to accumulate in a manhole.
1.13.4 Cables shall be identified as covered in Section 16.
1.13.5 Ducts shall be plugged as covered in Section 21
1.14 Where artificial lighting is required in a manhole, only approved non-explosive
confined space lights shall be used. In all cases the bulb shall have a protective
covering to minimize possibility of accidental breakage. If an infrared lamp is
used, the lamp shall be a heat resistant type.
1.15 Initial warning devices for traffic control should be placed sufficiently ahead of
the work area to give the motorist sufficient time to stop if necessary before
reaching the work area. Recommended distances for placing initial warning signs
ahead of the work area (Fig. 1) and traffic cone spacing for various speed limits
are listed in Table A.
1.16 These are recommendations and are provided as a guide and are not intended to
supersede state or local traffic control requirements. In all cases safe work area
protection is the responsibility of the person and or persons performing the work.
13 – Page 2
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 13
13 – Page 3
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 13
TABLE A
SPACING FOR INITIAL WARNING SIGNS AND CONES
NOMINAL TRAFFIC SPEED INITIAL SIGN DISTANCE CONE SPACING
(MPH) (FEET) (FEET)
15 OR BELOW 50-90 10
25 90-150 20-25
35 150-240 30-40
45 240-360 40-50
55 360-550 50-60
65 OR ABOVE 550-850 60-75
1.17 Spacing of traffic warning cones is also dependent on normal traffic speeds.
Where normal traffic speeds are less than 15 miles per hour, maximum distance
between cones should be about 10 feet. Where normal traffic speeds are in excess
of 15 miles per hour, it is suggested that maximum spacing in feet be
approximately that of the allowable speed limit in miles per hour. For example, if
the speed limit is 50 miles per hour, cones should be spaced at intervals of about
50 feet. More cones should be used particularly at the work location to “round
off” the traffic channel and to clearly define the work area.
1.18 If available, a motor vehicle equipped with approved flashers and/or rotating
beacons will serve as an effective barrier to vehicular traffic. These lights should
be used day and night while the vehicle is a barrier. The vehicle should be placed
between the work area and oncoming traffic and should have brakes set and
transmission engaged in reverse gear. During hours of darkness, floodlights shall
illuminate all vehicles used as barricades. Under some extremely hazardous
conditions, it may be desirable to use more than one vehicle to adequately guard
the work area.
1.19 Where a vehicle is used for this purpose, there are a number of factors to be
considered in determining which direction the truck should be faced, (i.e., toward
oncoming traffic or in the same direction as the traffic flow). Headlights should
be off when facing oncoming traffic. The principle concern is to afford maximum
protection to the technician. Some of the factors to be considered are:
1.19.1 Requirements of local laws and regulations.
1.19.2 Location of work areas to be protected with respect to traffic flow. For
example, when oncoming drivers cannot observe the protected work
area for a reasonable distance, facing the work vehicle in the same
direction as oncoming traffic may avoid possible confusion to a driver
13 – Page 4
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 13
suddenly approaching a vehicle facing in the opposite direction from
normal traffic flow.
1.19.3 Amount of equipment, tools, and materials, which must be unloaded
from the bed and side boxes of truck.
1.19.4 Location of materials and workspace on the particular type of truck.
1.19.5 Amount of work, which must be done at the side or rear of the vehicle.
1.19.6 Safety considerations and difficulty in turning the truck around to face
oncoming traffic.
1.20 When a vehicle is used in guarding a work area, it should be considered
supplemental to all other warning devices necessary to adequately safeguard the
area and not as a substitute for any device. In this way, the work area is protected
should it be necessary to remove the vehicle.
1.21 In addition to the warning devices illustrated in Fig. 2 through 16, it may be
desirable to use high-intensity warning flashers with the high level warning
equipment, both day and night.
2. PRECAUTIONS
2.1 To ensure maximum safety, continued alertness is required to supplement the
best warning devices available. For example, the noise caused by a car out of
control striking a distant warning device may give an alert technician sufficient
time to get in the clear.
2.2 Carefully observe all moving traffic and exercise extreme caution when placing
warning devices.
2.3 Place warning devices before positioning work equipment or starting work.
Warning devices are employed to direct motorist around the work area. Place
warning devices in the traffic lane in which work is to be performed, and
sufficiently far away to permit the approaching motorist to adjust his speed and
course to avoid accidents. The first device a motorist observes should be the high
level warning equipment. Remove all devices as soon as work has been
completed.
2.4 Keep all warning devices clean and in good condition. Place the devices on the
truck so that they will not be damaged by contact with tools or materials.
Carefully store warning flags when not in use. Dirty, torn, faded, or damaged
flags should be replaced.
13 – Page 5
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 13
2.5 Make every effort to minimize exposure time of technicians and others to possible
danger. All discussions and planning should take place off the street or
highway, not in traffic lanes.
2.6 Adjust the height of high level warning equipment so that visibility will not be
impaired or obstructed by trees, shrubbery, parked cars, or moving traffic. Where
necessary, two or more high level warning devices equipped with flags and/or
flashers may be used at different levels for maximum visibility.
2.7 Where a motorist cannot see the work area from the vicinity of the initial warning
sign because of hills, curves, or other obstructions, place a high level warning
with flags and/or high intensity flashers at this location. This is in addition to
those placed at the actual work location.
2.8 Place floodlights, when used, so that they will not cause a glare in the eyes of
approaching motorists.
2.9 Inspect all displayed warning flags from time to time to be sure that they are not
wrapped around their supports.
2.10 Inspect all displayed flashers from time to time to see that they are still operating
at the proper flashing rate of 75 to 95 flashes per minute. A slower rate usually
indicates that batteries require changing. The manufacturer has set the flashing
rate; do not attempt to make adjustments in the field.
2.11 Set up warning devices in a manner that does not create a hazard for pedestrians.
2.12 When working on private property, in pedestrian lanes, or on parkways, close all
holes in the earth either temporarily or permanently, if feasible, before leaving the
location. If this is impractical, fence the area with a snow fence or equivalent, or
place a watch person on duty to prevent small children or animals from falling
into the excavation. Such fencing or guarding may be in addition to, or part of,
the normal warning devices used at the location.
2.13 Rope off all work areas with barricade tape or equivalent, if practical.
2.14 Place tape, or equivalent, to designate a safe pedestrian walkway around
obstructions, such as: ditches, holes, tool carts, or piles of dirt that may occur on
busy sidewalks.
2.15 Only amber color (yellow) lenses shall be used in flashers. Flashers shall be used
between sunset and sunrise and on dark days when required.
2.16 If manhole guards or barricades are to be temporarily stored near the work
location after a day’s work, secure them to a post, pole, or trailer where they will
be least likely to cause interference. Do not secure manhole guards or barricades
to fire hydrants or to poles having fire, police, or emergency call boxes.
13 – Page 6
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 13
2.17 Spread sand on icy pavement in the traffic approach lane near the work area to
provide increased traction for approaching motorist who may have to stop.
2.18 Use additional warning devices in locations, such as: crowded streets, dangerous
intersections, and heavily traveled highways. If placing of additional devices will
not afford adequate protection, or if the use of sufficient warning devices is not
practical, station a flag person at a location that will permit traffic to be given
sufficient warning. The flag person must be constantly alert, and equipped with
an approved traffic sign and an audible warning device for workman. NOTE:
Each flag person shall have at his or her station; audible means to warn
workers of pending danger, such as a vehicle breech of work are protection.
2.19 A flag person should not be used at night unless absolutely necessary, or unless
required by state or local regulations. If a flag person is used, he/she must be
illuminated with a floodlight, and wearing approved highly visible clothing.
3. JOB PRESURVEY
3.1 A suitable plan for guarding the work area should be developed before work in
the area is begun. This may be accomplished during the job site visit provided for
in the Construction Control Plan. At busy intersections in highways and city
streets or at other heavy traffic locations, the supervisor should presurvey the
work location and then discuss the protection plan with the technician before
work is started.
3.2 After completing the plan for setup of warning devices for a particular location,
analyze the plan from the point of view of both motorist and pedestrian.
3.3 Check to see that all warning devices are in working condition and that any
required supplemental devices are on the truck before leaving the storeroom or
garage for the work location.
3.4 The following checklist will be helpful in planning for guarding the work area
before starting work.
♦ Speed of traffic?
♦ Light or heavy traffic?
♦ Will nature of traffic change while work is being done?
♦ Are barricades required?
♦ Are flashers and/or floodlights required?
13 – Page 7
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 13
♦ Will flag person be required when setting up and removing warning devices? During
work operation?
♦ Will the established plan comply with state and local laws and regulations?
♦ Is permit required?
♦ Are police notified?
♦ On routes to or near special events, such as ball games, racetracks, etc., can job be
scheduled on days or hours with least traffic?
♦ When can required tools, materials, and equipment be kept during work operations?
After working hours?
♦ Where will pump, blower, and lighting equipment be placed with respect to work
location?
♦ Will work operation cause interference to pedestrian or vehicular crossing, such as
school crossing or bus stop?
♦ Can warning devices be placed in traffic lane or lanes in which manhole is located?
4. HIGHWAYS
4.1 Two-Lane Highway: Where the work area is located near the center of a two-
land highway, place warning devices as illustrated in Fig. 2. If one lane of a two-
lane highway is blocked, one or more flag person shall be used.
13 – Page 8
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 13
4.2 Three-Lane Highway: Where the work area is located in the outside lane of a
three-lane highway, place warning devices as illustrated in Fig. 3.
4.3 Where the work area is located in the center lane of a three-lane highway, place
warning devices as illustrated in Fig.4
13 – Page 9
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 13
4.4 Where the work area is located between two lanes of a three-lane highway, place
warning devices as illustrated in Fig. 5.
4.5 Four-Lane Highway: Where the work area is located in an inside lane of a four-
lane highway, place warning devices as illustrated in Fig. 6.
13 – Page 10
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 13
4.6 Where the work area is located in an outside lane of a four-lane highway, place
warning devices as illustrated in Fig. 7.
4.7 Where the work area is located between inside and outside lanes of a four-lane
highway, place warning devices as illustrated in Fig. 8.
13 – Page 11
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 13
4.8 Divided Highway: Where the work area is in a traffic lane of a divided highway,
place warning signs according to the appropriate plan given in 4.05 through 4.07.
When the work area is in a narrow median of a divided highway, place warning
signs as illustrated in Fig. 9. If the median is wide and the work area is adjacent
to one of the inside lanes, warning signs may only be necessary on one side of the
highway.
5. CITY STREETS AND ALLEYS
5.1 Where city streets are sufficiently wide to park a truck at the manhole, the plans
for placing warning devices given in Part 4 may generally be used. Where a truck
is not used, or cannot be used because the street is a too narrow, place-warning
device according to the following.
13 – Page 12
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 13
5.2 City Street — Underground Plant: Where the work area is near the center of a
city street, place warning devices as illustrated in Fig. 10.
5.3 Where the work area is at the side of a city street, place warning devices as
illustrated in Fig. 11. If vehicles are parked along the side of the street in the
direction of approaching traffic, place initial warning sign and cones as for traffic
under 15 miles per hour. If no vehicles are parked in the direction of approaching
traffic, place initial warning sign and cones as normal traffic speed dictates. Be
alert for changing traffic conditions.
13 – Page 13
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 13
5.4 Where the work area is near an intersection, place warning devices as illustrated
in Fig. 12.
5.5 Where the work area is in an intersection, place warning devices as illustrated in
Fig. 13.
13 – Page 14
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 13
6. SHOULDER LOCATIONS
6.1 Guard all manholes or excavations on private property, pedestrian lanes,
parkways with barricades, or manhole guards equipped with warning flags and
signs. Rope off pedestrian lanes with barricade tape and prominently display
warning flags and signs.
6.2 Manhole on Highway Shoulder: Where the work area is on the shoulder of a
two- or – three-lane highway, place warning devices as illustrated in Fig. 14. On
four-lane or divided highways, omit warning signs on side of highway opposite
the work location.
7. DURING HOURS OF DARKNESS
7.1 On dark days or during hours of darkness, additional warning devices are
generally required:
7.1.1 Place flashers at the work location to warn traffic approaching from all
directions that have been marked by initial warning signs.
7.1.2 All flashing lights used as warning devices shall be amber or yellow
colored. Flashers shall not be used for delineating the path traffic is to
follow.
7.1.3 Where high-level warning equipment is located at the initial warning
location because of hills or curves, equip the unit with a flasher.
7.1.4 Use floodlights to illuminate the work area. Place the lights so that they
will adequately light the work area, but will not cause a glare in the eyes
of oncoming motorists approaching from any direction.
13 – Page 15
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 13
7.2 Underground Plant in Three-Lane Highway: Where the work area involves
underground plant located in the center of a three-lane highway at night and a
truck is employed, place warning devices as illustrated in Fig. 15.
7.3 Underground Plant in Two-Lane Highway: Where the work area involves
underground plant located in a two-lane highway at night and a truck is not
employed, place warning devices as illustrated in Fig. 16.
13 – Page 16
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
TESTING AND VENTILATING MANHOLES
1. GENERAL
1.1 This section describes the methods of testing with a hot filament-type gas
indicator for the presence of combustible has in manholes. Included in the section
are the requirements for power ventilation before entry and during occupancy of
conventional manholes, offset access manholes, and irregular shaped manholes of
sizes up to 10,000 cubic feet. The use of power ventilation does not preclude the
necessity of testing for the presence of combustible gas.
1.2 This section provides purging time requirements based on the manhole size and
effective blower capacities.
2. PRECAUTIONS
2.1 Manhole guards, warning devices shall be set up at the manhole in accordance
with Section 13. Before the manhole cover is removed test for combustible gas.
2.2 DO NOT enter a manhole until it has been tested for combustible gas and then
power ventilated in accordance with the following:
2.2.1 Manholes with a volume less than 505 cubic feet shall be purged for a
minimum of 10 minutes with a 400 CFM blower; a minimum of 8 minutes
with a 500 CFM blower; a minimum of 5 minutes with an 800 or more
CFM blower.
2.2.2 Manholes with a volume of 505 cubic feet or more shall be purged for the
interval of time indicated on the Manhole Purging Time Chart, Form E
6647. Instructions for use of the chart are printed on it.
NOTE: In all cases, the minimum length of purge time shall be
5 minutes.
2.3 When a tent is placed over the manhole opening, it is necessary to increase the
initial interval of purging time by 50%. After the initial purging of the manhole,
the tent skirts can be lowered, but should be arranged to permit unrestricted
circulation from the tent. THE TENT SHALL NOT BE FULLY CLOSED OR
TIED UP AT ANY TIME.
2.4 The blower must remain in operation during the entire time anyone is in the
manhole. Do not operate the blower in any type of enclosure such as a tent,
vehicle (except Electro-van and similar trucks), trailer, tool cart, etc. Locate the
blower in an unconfined space with the blower intake away from traffic and the
blower exhaust away from the manhole opening. The blower should be located a
14 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
minimum of 5 feet from the manhole opening to avoid returning purged air into
the manhole.
2.5 Care should be taken when setting up the blower hose to prevent unnecessary
bends or restrictions. Bends or restrictions should be kept to a minimum, as this
will reduce the air output at the end of the blower hose to below the certified rate.
During purging (hose in dropped position) the hose end should extend into the
manhole a minimum of 1 foot below the ceiling and shall be at least 2 feet above
the floor level.
2.6 No open flame, torch, lighted cigar, cigarette, or pipe shall be brought near an
open manhole, into a covering or tent over an open manhole, nor taken into a
manhole. Under no circumstances shall a cigarette lighter, match, or other item
that produces a hot spark be operated or ignited in a manhole.
2.7 Propane furnaces and other open flames should be kept as far from an open
manhole as practical and away from the blower air intake.
2.8 Only approved lighting and heating equipment shall be used. Connections and
disconnections to electric lighting, equipment, etc., shall be made outside the
manhole. Storage batteries shall not be brought into a manhole.
2.9 Hazardous gases most likely to be found in underground structures are those used
for household fuel. However, gases generated in the soil, liquid fuels that
occasionally escape into conduit and manholes, and oxygen deficiency can occur
and can cause hazardous conditions. Since the gas indicator used to test for the
presence of gas will detect combustible gas only, and since other hazardous gases
can be present or there can be an oxygen deficiency, the requirements for purging
and continuous ventilation covered in this section must be carried out to assure a
safe working atmosphere. In manholes where toxic gases are likely to occur,
increase the purge times given in this section by 50 percent.
3. INTERPRETING GAS INDICATOR READINGS
3.1 The hand aspirated indicator is a hot filament-type gas indicator (B, C, E, F, or G
gas indicator) which, when properly used, will indicate the percentage of the
lower explosive limit (LEL) of combustible gas present in the atmosphere being
tested. A gas indicator reading showing a gas concentration above the 10 percent
LEL in a manhole, cable entrance facility, or building indicates an unsafe
atmosphere. An indicator reading showing a gas concentration below the 10
percent LEL indicated a nonexplosive atmosphere. However, the meter indication
of a nonexplosive manhole atmosphere does not eliminate the necessity of
purging for the prescribed times and maintaining continuous ventilation during
occupancy.
14 – Page 2
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
NOTE: A gas indicator will detect only the presence of combustible has in a
manhole. In cases when a reading below 10 is obtained on the gas indicator
but there is contamination of a manhole by petroleum products, toxic or
hazardous substances such as pesticides, herbicides, etc., the Licensee should
refrain from entering the manhole and should contact the appropriate Telco
engineer or construction supervisor for assistance. Federal law governs the
pumping of hazardous substances from a manhole, and the penalties for
violation of such laws range from fines to imprisonment or both.
3.2 Gas indicators are available having a meter scale with a green band from 0 to 10
or 0 to 0.1, which represents zero to 10 percent LEL, and red band above 10 or
0.1, which represents values above 10 percent LEL. A reading of 100 percent
LEL indicates a concentration of gas in the air that will explode or continue to
burn when ignited. When using the gas indicator, observe the guidelines in Table
A to determine if explosive gas is present and to prevent meter damage if gas
concentrations are high.
TABLE A
INTERPRETATION OF GAS INDICATOR READINGS
SCALE READING TYPE OF INDICATOR INTERPRETATION
MINE SAFETY
0 TO 10 APPLIANCE (B) SATISFACTORY;
GREEN DAVIS (F & G) HOWEVER, PURGE
PORTION OF BEFORE ENTERING AND
THE SCALE DAVIS (C) VENTILATE WHILE
0 TO 0.1 BACHRACH WORKING IN MANHOLE
INSTRUMENT CO. (E)
MINE SAFETY
ABOVE 10 TO 100 APPLIANCE CO. (B)
HAZARDOUS CONDITION
RED PORTION DAVIS (F & G) – PURGE FOR
OF THE SCALE REQUIRED TIME AND
DAVIS (C) RETEST
ABOVE 0.1 TO 1.0 BACHRACH
INSTRUMENT CO. (E)
MINE SAFETY HAZARDOUS CONDITION
NEEDLE MOVES TO RIGHT END OF APPLIANCE CO. (B) – CONCENTRATION OF
SCALE AND EITHER REMAINS THERE OR GAS MAY BE IN
DAVIS (C, F & G)
RETURNS TO SOME POINT ON SCALE, EXPLOSIVE RANGE.
ZERO, OR BELOW BACHRACH PURGE FOR REQUIRED
INSTRUMENT CO. (E) TIME AND RETEST.
B. MINE SAFETY APPLIANCES CO. E. BACHRACH INSTRUMENT CO. G. DAVIS
C. DAVIS VAPOTESTER F. DAVIS
14 – Page 3
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
3.3 If, when using the gas indicator in any area, the meter pointer moves to 100
percent, or the top of the scale, and stops there, it indicates a hazardous gas
concentration near or above the LEL. When this occurs, turn the instrument off
and purge it with fresh air, by removing the hose and squeezing the bulb about
five times, to prevent meter damage.
3.4 If, when using the has indicator in any area, the meter pointer moves rapidly to
the top of the scale and then returns to some point on the scale, or to zero or
below, it indicates a gas concentration above the LEL, possible a very heavy
concentration of gas. When this occurs, turn the instrument off immediately and
purge with fresh air to prevent damage to the meter. Also recheck the instrument
with the gas test kit, as the high gas concentration may have burned out the meter
filament.
4. BLOWER CAPACITIES
4.1 Manhole ventilation with forced air is necessary first, to expel hazardous gases
that may be present in the manhole atmosphere and second, to maintain an
adequate supply of oxygen. To determine initial ventilation (purge) times, the
effective blower capacity and manhole volume must be known.
4.2 Effective blower capacity, as stated by the blower manufacturer, must have been
determined by precision airflow chamber tests performed by independent testing
laboratories. The tests are made with one 90 degree bend (purging position) in the
blower hose and with two 90 degree bends (continuous ventilation position) in the
blower hose, and the testing laboratory certifies the results.
4.3 Newly purchased blowers will have the certified capacity displayed on the
nameplate.
5. BLOWER MAINTENANCE
5.1 All blower units need to be cleaned and checked periodically to be sure they are
operating at rated capacity. Improper blower operation can cause a reduction in
blower motor speed and thus a reduction in air delivery.
5.2 Air delivery of electricity powered blowers generally will not vary from the norm
if line voltage and frequency are held at the value for which the motor is designed
and there is no damage to the blower components. Air delivery of blowers
powered by internal combustion engines will vary appreciably if the engine is not
properly maintained and adjusted to operate at the governed engine speed per the
manufacturer’s specifications.
14 – Page 4
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
5.3 Blower hoses shall be in good condition. Hoses with leaks, tears, or other damage
can cause a marked reduction in air delivery and, therefore, must be repaired or
replaced as required.
6. SETUPS FOR TESTING AND PURGING MANHOLES
6.1 Initially, test for combustible gas with the end of the sampling tube at about head
height in the manhole. If this cannot be accomplished by lowering the tube
directly into the manhole, a permanent installation of gas sampling tubing
extending into the manhole should be provided. The tubing should be installed
with one end at or near the middle of one sidewall and at about head height away
from the direct output of the blower. The other end should terminate in the
manhole entrance and be accessible from a position outside the manhole collar.
The end in the manhole entrance should be equipped with a capped end fitting for
attaching the gas indicator hose and a valve for connecting an air chuck to clear
the tubing of any residual gas, dirt, or water.
Conventional Manholes
6.2 Conventional manholes are rectangular in shape with access through the manhole
roof and with the collar height short enough so the standard blower hose is
adequate in length for purging and for continuous ventilation. Manholes that are
smaller than 1000 cubic feet are purged by opening one manhole cover and
dropping the end of the blower hose into the manhole (one 90 degree bend in the
blower hose). Conventional manholes larger than 1000 cubic feet are purged with
two manhole covers removed, at opposite ends of the manhole. The purge times
are specified in Part 7 of this section. A typical setup is shown in Fig. 1.
14 – Page 5
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
14 – Page 6
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
Irregular Shape Manholes
6.3 Irregular shape manholes often result from enlarging an existing manhole. A
typical example is shown in Fig. 2. If the manhole has two floor levels or if it is
congested so that airflow is restricted, purge time should be based on the effective
blower capacity with two 90 degree bends in the hose. Purge by dropping the
blower hose into the manhole (one 90 degree bend in blower hose).
14 – Page 7
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
Offset Access Manholes
6.4 Offset access manholes are those manholes situated so entry must be made
through either an access opening several feet from the manhole or an adjacent
manhole and a connecting horizontal passageway. Adequate purging and
ventilation for these manholes can be achieved only through permanently installed
ventilating ducts that will introduce air directly into the offset access manhole.
Examples of ventilating duct location are shown in Fig. 3 and 4.
14 – Page 8
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
14 – Page 9
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
6.5 Purging and ventilation of offset access manholes is accomplished by inserting
the end of the blower hose into the upper end of the permanently installed
ventilating duct. When inserting the blower hose, be sure its end is several inches
above any 90 degree elbow in the duct so airflow will not be impeded.
6.6 Purge times for offset access manholes are determined using the effective blower
capacity with one 90 degree bend in the blower hose and the sum of the volumes
of the manhole and the passageway. When entry into the offset access manhole is
through an adjacent manhole and a passageway, both the entrance manhole and
the offset access manhole must be ventilated independently (two blowers, hoses,
gas tests, etc); however, purge time for each manhole will be the same and will be
the purge time determined for the larger o the two manholes. The volume of the
passageway added to the volume of the offset access manhole is considered as the
total volume of the offset access manhole.
Deep Neck Manholes
6.7 For the purposes of this section, deep neck manholes are defined as those
manholes with entry through the roof and with a long collar height so that one
15 foot blower hose is not adequate in length for purging and for continuous
ventilation. Deep neck manholes may be purged and ventilated by coupling two
standard blower hoses together (Fig. 5) or by utilizing permanent ventilating duct
installed in either the collar (Fig. 6) or adjacent to the manhole (Fig. 7).
14 – Page 10
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
14 – Page 11
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
14 – Page 12
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
14 – Page 13
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
6.8 If the collar height is greater than 5 feet, the volume of the collar must be added to
the volume of the manhole for determining purge time.
6.9 When purging with the coupled hose, purge time should be based on the effective
blower capacity with two 90 degree bends in the standard blower hose to
compensate for pressure drop in the longer hose.
6.10 Where permanent ventilating duct is installed, the effective blower capacity with
one 90 degree bend in the blower hose is used to determine purge time.
Ventilating ducts should be placed to avoid interference with winch lines, suction
hoses used for pumping water, etc, and to direct the airflow either diagonally
across the manhole or along a long dimension of the manhole. A cap or cover
should be provided for the upper and of the ventilating duct when it is not in use.
Ventilate by inserting blower hose into ventilating duct.
7. DETERMINING PURGE TIMES
7.1 Purge times specified in the alignment charts (Fig. 8 and 9) are based upon
10 percent LEL for a combustible gas. When toxic commercial or soil gases are
presumed to be present or detected by odor in the manhole, the purge time
determined by using the alignment charts should be increased by 50 percent.
14 – Page 14
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
14 – Page 15
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
14 – Page 16
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
7.2 Accurate purge times can be determined from the alignment charts if
effective blower capacity and manhole volume are known. Minimum purge time
shall be 5 minutes. For large manholes, purge times may be reduced by using
two blowers, if the manhole has two access openings. When using two blowers
the sum of the blower capacity is used as the effective blower capacity on the
alignment chart. Only one blower hose may be placed in any manhole access
opening if the opening is to be used for ingress and egress.
7.3 Each manhole with a volume greater than 505 cubic feet, or other volume
designated by the company as the cut-off size, will have its volume in cubic feet
recorded. The purge times for all manholes of a size equal to or smaller than the
505 cubic foot cut-off size are:
7.3.1 10 minutes with 400 CFM blower
7.3.2 8 minutes with 500 CFM blower
7.3.3 5 minutes with 800 CFM blower
7.4 Continuous ventilation is required after purging to assure a safe working
atmosphere. A blower operating with an effective blower capacity of no less than
345 CFM at the end of the blower hose with two 90 degree bends will maintain a
safe working atmosphere in manholes of the sizes and configurations covered in
this section, provided no additional contaminates enter the manhole (see 8.9) and
air from the blower is introduced directly into the manhole via the blower hose or
permanent ventilating ducts.
8. TESTING FOR COMBUSTIBLE GAS AND VENTILATING MANHOLES
8.1 The person making a gas test should set up in a position that will cause a
minimum interference with traffic. Plan the work so a minimum amount of time is
spent in the traffic area.
8.2 Every manhole opened after having been closed for any period of time shall be
tested for the presence of combustible gas and purged. The initial test shall be
made before removing the manhole cover. Then immediately after the manhole
cover is removed and before the manhole is purged.
8.3 The gas indicator should be tested for proper operation each day before the first
manhole test is made, at each change of work shirt, if dropped, or if exposed to a
high concentration of gas. Never test the operation of a gas indicator by sampling
fumes from a tank or can containing gasoline, because the high concentration of
gas could damage the meter.
14 – Page 17
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
8.4 The initial test for combustible gas using the hand aspirated indicator shall be
made as follows:
8.4.1 Hold the instrument securely or place it on a firm support during the test to
prevent the instrument from falling.
8.4.2 Position the free end of the hose at the height where a person’s head will
be when working in the manhole (see note). Additional lengths of hose
may be used to test the lower portions of deep manholes or permanently
installed gas sampling tubing can be provided. If water in the manhole is
above head height, hold the sampling hose 1 foot above the water.
NOTE: Use permanently installed sampling tubing in offset access
manholes. Any water in the manholes equipped with permanently installed
gas sampling tubing must be pumped out to a level at least 1 foot below
the end of the tubing. Blow air through the tubing to clear it of water.
8.4.3 Draw a sample of the manhole atmosphere through the gas indicator,
compressing and releasing the aspirator bulb about five times plus one
squeeze for each 5 feet of hose. The meter pointer must be observed
continuously from the first squeeze of the bulb until the test is
completed. Keep aspirating until the highest reading is obtained. The
needle will fluctuate slightly at each aspiration, showing that the indicator
is functioning properly.
WARNING: All users of combustible gas indicators must be aware that
the rise and fall of the indicating needle is generally extremely rapid,
and as a result the operator may not see the initial up-scale deflection
unless the meter is continuously observed. If a very heavy concentration
of gas is present, the pointer will move rapidly to the top of the scale and
then return to some point above zero, zero, or below zero. If not seen,
this could lead to the erroneous assumption that the atmosphere being
tested is safe when actually a very dangerous condition exists. This is the
reason for stressing continuous observation of the pointer from the first
squeeze of the bulb until the test is complete.
8.5 After completing the initial test, purge the manhole for the appropriate time
specified in the alignment chart.
NOTE: Removal of water from a manhole may permit gas to flow from the ducts
into the manhole; therefore, after purging and before entering the manhole, an
additional test shall be made after the manhole has been pumped or a minimum
water level has been reached with continuous pumping.
8.5.1 If the initial test indicated an unsatisfactory atmosphere in the
manhole, make a second test after the blower has operated for the
14 – Page 18
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
specified purge time. Make the test with the sampling hose away from the
direct output of the blower. If this test indicates an unsatisfactory
atmosphere, operate the blower for an additional 10 minutes and repeat the
test. If any gas is detected at this time, do not enter the manhole. Report
the condition to the supervisor. If the manhole atmosphere is satisfactory,
the manhole may be entered. (See following Note.) The blower must be in
continuous operation while anyone is in the manhole.
8.5.2 If the initial test indicated a satisfactory atmosphere, the manhole may
be entered after purging has been completed. (See following Note.) The
blower must be in continuous operation while anyone is in the manhole.
NOTE: Before entering a deep neck or an offset access manhole, or any
manhole equipped with gas sampling tubing, test the atmosphere in the
collar area just below the manhole cover location. Make this test with the
blower(s) operating. This test is required in addition to the test of the
manhole atmosphere and even though the manhole atmosphere tests clear.
8.6 Enter the manhole with the gas indicator, and where possible, place the blower
hose in a horizontal position along a sidewall approximately midway between the
floor (or platform) and the manhole roof. Direct the blower hose outlet toward and
end wall, preferable away from the work area. Next, make tests for gas by probing
in the area of all duct entrances, in corners, crevices, etc, and then generally
throughout the manhole. To purge the gas indicator while in the manhole, detach
the sampling hose and hold the gas indicator in the fresh air near the end of the
blower hose or ventilating duct.
8.7 For offset access manholes; upon entry into the entrance manhole, test for gas at
the duct entrances and in the corners, test for gas in the passageway, and finally
test for gas at the duct entranced and in the corners of the offset access manhole.
8.8 If the tests in the manhole are satisfactory proceed with the work operation. If gas
is detected, leave the manhole at once. Purge the manhole for an additional 10
minutes. Retest the manhole atmosphere from street level. If gas is detected after
reentering, leave the manhole at once and notify the supervisor. If the atmosphere
is clear, proceed with the work operation.
8.9 After the work in any manhole has begun, additional tests must be made as
follows:
8.9.1 If duct plugs are removed, immediately test for combustible gas at the
ducts that were opened. If gas is detected, leave manhole at once. Purge
foe 10 minutes and retest manhole from street level. If gas is detected,
notify supervisor. If atmosphere is clear, continue the work operation.
14 – Page 19
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 14
8.9.2 With each shift change of workman, re-testing of the manholes
atmosphere is required. Repeat tests at ducts and throughout manhole.
If gas is detected leave manhole at once. Report the condition to the
supervisor.
8.9.3 At intervals of not more than two hours, every hour if gas was detected
initially (shorten intervals to one-half these times if a tent is being used),
repeat tests at ducts and throughout the manhole. If gas is detected, leave
manhole at once. Report the condition to the supervisor.
14 – Page 20
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 15
BONDING CABLES IN MANHOLES
1. GENERAL
1.1 This section covers the bonding together of cables in Company manholes.
1.2 The purpose of bonding between cables is to reduce overall resistance to ground
and to equalize the potentials, which may otherwise appear between the cables.
Equalization of the potential between the cables protects workmen by reducing
the possibility of shock hazards and also minimizes plant damage.
1.3 Local conditions may require special measures other than the general bonding
rules covered in this section. Information on these local conditions and steps are
available from the local protection engineer.
2. LOCATIONS OF BONDS
2.1 Generally, cables used in the underground conduit system have either an outer
metallic sheath or conductor or a plastic sheath. These cables should be bonded at
the locations as follows:
2.1.1 Cables with an outer metallic sheath shall be bonded at each manhole.
2.1.2 Cables with an outer plastic sheath need only be bonded at manholes
where a splice is made. It is not necessary to bond at manholes where the
cable has been pulled through.
3. PLACING BONDS
3.1 Cables and equipment in manholes are usually bonded together with a tinned
copper bonding ribbon that is 3/8-inch wide, and approximately 1/16-inch thick.
Bonding ribbon is attached to the cable or equipment by soldering or clamping.
3.2 When placing cable in locations where the company will complete the bonding,
leave enough ribbon to reach a Company cable, preferably one with a splice case,
or the network of bonding ribbons installed in the manhole.
15 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 16
IDENTIFICATION MARKERS FOR
UNDERGROUND CABLE AND AERIAL CABLE
1. GENERAL
1.1 This Section describes the cable tags/markers that are to be used in Company
manholes and on aerial cables at the point of attachment to joint and Telco owned
poles. The purpose of the tags/markers is to designate Licensee owned cables and
equipment. Use of the tag/markers will minimize the possibility of workmen
from one company accidentally opening cables owned by another.
1.2 Each tag/marker must be marked to designate ownership. In manholes, in
addition to ownership the date of cable placement is also required. The exact
wording or abbreviation used to identify an owner must be approved and included
on the tag/marker.
1.3 Letters are to be at least 3/16 inch high on manholes tags and 1 inch minimum for
aerial cable markers.
1.4 The letters and numbers can be written/printed on the plastic tags by using
indelible ink marking pen or paint. Aerial cable markers must be clearly marked
with permanent UV resistant letters.
1.5 The licensee owning the facilities may, if desired, attach additional tags/markers
to provide further identification of components or features of his system.
2. CABLE TAG / MARKER LOCATIONS
2.1 Licensee cables must be identified in each manhole by means of cable tags. Tags
shall be placed on each cable between the point where they emerge from a duct
and the first cable rack. The tag should be located about 1-inch from the rack.
Lateral cables shall be tagged in the same manner.
2.2 Aerial cable markers must be installed at locations where Telco has a terminal,
splice, and or other facilities, which are readily accessible.
2.3 At all licensees splices, terminals and or other facilities which are readily
accessible.
2.4 Attach maker at the point of attachment on aerial cables.
2.5 Tags must be attached in a permanent manner.
16 – Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
SEALING DUCTS
1. GENERAL
1.1 This section described requirements for duct seals, materials used for sealing
ducts, and methods used to install duct sealing materials.
1.2 The ends of ducts are sealed to prevent water and gas from entering buildings and
to keep water out of ducts where there is a possibility of freezing.
1.3 There are two basic methods of making a permanent seal in the end of a duct. One
method utilizes rubber duct plugs while the other method utilizes caulking
materials. Caulking materials described in this section are “Waterplug”, a
powdered material that after mixing dries hard, and other products classified as
plastic duct seal that retain a degree of plasticity.
1.4 Use of rubber duct plugs is limited to vacant ducts or ducts occupied by only one
cable, provided the diameter of the cable meets the limitations dictated by
available plug sizes. Caulking materials may be used at all locations and must be
used where the duct plug cannot be applied. The only restriction on using
caulking materials is that the material used must be compatible with the cable
sheathing as determined by the Telephone Company.
1.5 For temporary use, wooden duct plugs may be installed in the ends of ducts or
bends.
1.6 To properly install rubber duct plugs in an occupied duct, a split duct plug wrench
is required. To remove plugs from an occupied duct, a Split Conduit Plug
Remover is required. These two tools are shown in Fig. 1 and 2.
17– Page 1
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
2. WHERE SEALS ARE REQUIRED
2.1 Generally, ducts connecting directly between manholes and buildings shall be
sealed at both ends to prevent water and gas that may accumulate in the conduit
system from entering the building. One exception to this could be where exposure
to gas exists between the manhole and building. In this case, it may be advisable
to seal the ducts at the building but omit seals in ducts entering the manhole. The
Telephone Company will advise when seals at the manhole can be omitted.
2.2 Ducts leaving a Telephone Company manhole and terminating in a box or cabinet
containing switches such as those used for traffic control, fire alarm, police boxes,
or similar equipment, should be sealed at both ends to minimize the hazard of gas
explosion due to arcing of switches.
2.3 It is advisable to seal ducts that connect manholes to bends placed on poles or on
the outside of buildings at the pole or building. Sealing the duct will minimize the
entrance of water and possible prevent ice from forming in the bend during winter
months. Formation of ice in the bend can cause damage to a cable or impair the
placing of a new cable. Because of the possibility of trouble from the formation of
ice, when a licensee-owned cable is placed in a Telephone Company owned duct
that extends from a manhole and terminates at a pole or the outside of a building,
the duct must be sealed at the pole or building. If a company other than the
Telephone Company owns the duct, it is the prerogative of the company owning
the duct to decide whether the duct will be sealed or left open.
2.4 Following are other locations where Telephone Company owned ducts should be
sealed at both ends.
2.4.1 Ducts connecting one pole to another.
2.4.2 Ducts extending from a pole and terminating on the outside of a building.
17– Page 2
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
2.4.3 Ducts extending from one building to another.
3. RUBBER DUCT PLUG – DESCRIPTION
3.1 Duct plugs are of two types: split plugs for sealing ducts occupied by a single
cable; solid plugs for sealing unoccupied ducts. Since duct plugs are applicable
only when the duct is vacant or occupied by a single cable, sealing must be
accomplished with a caulking material as covered in Part 7 or 8 of this section
where more than one cable is placed in the same duct.
3.2 Both split and solid duct plugs are available in round or square shapes. The round
shaped plug is for use in ducts having a round bore; the square shaped plug is for
use in square bore ducts.
3.3 Square and round solid rubber duct plugs (Fig. 3) consist of a soft, expansible,
rubber center section between two galvanized steel compression plates that are
held together by a carriage bolt and a square nut. Tightening the bolt pulls the
plates together which expand the rubber and force it against the inner wall of the
duct to complete a seal. Table A shows the type and size of plug to use for the
type of conduit involved.
17– Page 3
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
17– Page 4
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
TABLE A
SOLID RUBBER CONDUIT PLUGS
CONDUIT AND PLUG SIZES
(INCHES) TYPE OF
TYPE OF CONDUIT
PLUG
3 3-1/4 3-1/2 4
PLASTIC PIPE X ROUND
STEEL PIPE X X X ROUND
SEWER PIPE X X ROUND
B OR C FIBER X X X ROUND
B OR C CEMENT-FIBER X X X ROUND
B OR C CONCRETE X X ROUND
D OR E CONCRETE X X ROUND
F OR G CONCRETE X X ROUND
MULTIPLE CLAY X X SQUARE
3.4 Split rubber plugs are designed with the rubber portion molded to fit cables of
various diameters. The split plug as a diagonal cut in one wall of the rubber
portion and sectional galvanized steel plates shaped to conform to the shape of the
rubber to permit placing the plug over the cable. Compression of the rubber is
accomplished by means of four 1/4-inch carriage bolts. Square split rubber plugs
are illustrated in Fig. 4 and round split rubber plugs in Fig. 5. Sizes of square split
plugs are listed in Table B and sizes of round split plugs in Table C.
17– Page 5
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
17– Page 6
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
17– Page 7
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
TABLE B
SQUARE SPLIT RUBBER CONDUIT PLUGS
SQUARE SPLIT PLUG DATA
CABLE DIAMETER* TYPE
DUCT SIZE*
(INCHES) (FIG. 4
(INCHES) DIMENSION (INCHES)
MIN ----------------- MAX DESIG.)
OUTSIDE ------------------------ INSDE
3-1/4 .50 ----------------- 1.06 3-1/4--------------------------- 1-1/16 A
3-1/4 1.13 ---------------- 1.63 3-1/4--------------------------- 1-5/8 A
3-1/4 1.69 ----------------- 2.06 3-1/4--------------------------- 2-1/16 A
3-1/4 2.13 ----------------- 2.41 3-1/4--------------------------- 2-13/32 A
3-1/4 2.44 ----------------- 2.63 3-1/4--------------------------- 2-5/8 A
3-1/4 2.69 ----------------- 2.81 3-1/4--------------------------- 2-13/16 B
4 .50 ----------------- 1.06 4-------------------------------- 1-1/16 A
4 1.13 ----------------- 1.63 4-------------------------------- 1-5/8 A
4 1.69 ----------------- 2.06 4-------------------------------- 2-1/16 A
4 2.13 ----------------- 2.41 4 ------------------------------- 2-13/32 A
4 2.44 ----------------- 2.63 4-------------------------------- 2-5/8 A
4 2.69 ----------------- 2.81 4-------------------------------- 2-13/16 B
4 3.13 ----------------- 3.69 4-------------------------------- 3-11/16 B
*PLUG SIZE IS DESIGNATED BY DUCT DIMENSION AND THE MAXIMUM CABLE DIAMETER FOR
WHICH THE PLUG IS DESIGNED. FOR EXAMPLE: SPECIFY A 4 BY 2-5/8 INCH SQUARE SPLIT
CONDUIT PLUG FOR 4-INCH SQUARE BORE CONDUIT WHERE THE CABLE DIAMTER IS IN THE
RANGE OF 2-7/16 TO 2-5/8 INCHES.
17– Page 8
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
TABLE C
ROUND SPLIT RUBBER CONDUIT PLUGS
ROUND SPLIT PLUG DATA
CABLE DIAMETER* TYPE
DUCT SIZE*
(INCHES) (FIG. 5
(INCHES) DIMENSION (INCHES)
MIN ----------------- MAX DESIG.)
OUTSIDE ------------------------ INSDE
3 .50 ----------------- 1.06 3-------------------------------- 1-1/16 C
3 1.13 ---------------- 1.63 3-------------------------------- 1-5/8 C
3 1.69 ----------------- 2.00 3-------------------------------- 2 D
3-1/2 .50 ----------------- 1.06 3-1/2--------------------------- 1-1/16 C
3-1/2 1.13 ---------------- 1.63 3-1/2--------------------------- 1-5/8 C
3-1/2 1.69 ----------------- 2.06 3-1/2--------------------------- 2-1/16 C
3-1/2 2.13 ----------------- 2.44 3-1/2--------------------------- 2-7/16 D
4 .50 ----------------- 1.06 4-------------------------------- 1-1/16 A
4 1.13 ---------------- 1.63 4-------------------------------- 1-5/8 A
4 1.69 ----------------- 2.06 4 ------------------------------- 2-1/16 A
4 2.44 ----------------- 2.63 4-------------------------------- 2-5/8 A
4 2.69 ----------------- 2.81 4-------------------------------- 2-13/16 B
*PLUG SIZE IS DESIGNATED BY DUCT DIMENSION AND THE MAXIMUM CABLE DIAMETER FOR
WHICH THE PLUG IS DESIGNED. FOR EXAMPLE: SPECIFY A 4 BY 2-13/16 INCH ROUND SPLIT
CONDUIT PLUG FOR 4-INCH ROUND BORE CONDUIT WHERE THE CABLE DIAMTER IS IN THE
RANGE OF 2-11/16 TO 2-13/16 INCHES.
3.5 The square split plug (A in Fig. 4) is used for sealing around all sizes of cables up
to and including those of 2-5/8 inch diameter in 3-1/4 inch square bore conduit.
For sealing a duct containing a cable larger than 2-5/8 inches in diameter, the type
B plug shown in Fig. 4 is required. The restricted space between cable and duct
wall because of the larger cable requires the use of elongated bolts with pipe
spacers on the type B plug to make the nuts accessible to the split conduit plug
wrench.
3.6 Round split plugs of four types are shown in Fig. 5. Types B and D are for larger
size cables where space between the cable and duct is so limited that elongated
bolts are required to permit using the split conduit wrench. Table C relates the
sizes of round split duct plugs that can be used to the different sizes of ducts when
occupied by cables of various outside diameters.
3.7 When the outside diameter of the cable exceeds that shown in Table C for any
given duct size, a sealing material is required to make a plug.
17– Page 9
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
4. INSTALLING RUBBER DUCT PLUGS
4.1 Before installing duct plugs, remove any dirt, grease, or loose material from the
area at the end of the duct. The plug should also be free of any dirt or grease.
4.2 Solid Rubber Plugs: Insert the plug far enough into the duct to clear the bevel and
be beyond any cracks or chipped areas. Turn the square nut until the rubber is
expanded firmly against conduit wall. Avoid tightening to a point where the
rubber bulges out around the edges of the compression plates. This excess
pressure can crack the duct wall.
4.3 Split Rubber Plugs: Inspect the cable for any deep kinks just inside the duct. If a
kink exists at this point try to locate the plug further in the duct. If the kink cannot
be avoided, use a sealing material instead of a duct plug. To place a square split
plug on a cable, remove one of the bolts holding the plates covering he split in the
rubber. Swing these plates on the other bolt to uncover the split in the rubber.
Spread the rubber as illustrated in Fig. 6 and slip the plug over the cable. Restore
plates to proper position and replace bolt and nut. Slide plug along cable into the
duct until it is flush with the inner edge of the bevel and clear of any breaks or
chips extending into the bore.
17– Page 10
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
4.4 When placing a round split plug having four steel plates at each and (Fig 5, Type
D), temporarily remove the bolt that passes through the split in the rubber.
4.5 Plugs equipped with elongated bolts should be inserted into the duct far enough to
make the seal and yet leave the nuts outside the face of the duct when the plug is
fully compressed.
4.6 Tighten nuts with the split conduit plug wrench (Fig. 7) by turning down each nut
a little at a time to maintain uniform pressure on all sides. When all nuts are
equally firm, make final tightening using maximum effort of ONE HAND ONLY
on the wrench.
17– Page 11
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
5. REMOVING RUBBER DUCT PLUGS
Solid Rubber Plugs
5.1 To remove the solid plug, back off nut a few threads to relieve compression of
rubber and withdraw plug. If relieving pressure does not restore rubber to its
original size or if rubber adheres to walls of the duct, it will be necessary to apply
force to the plug to work it loose. This can be done either by unscrewing the nut
until about half the threads in the nut are exposed and screwing another bolt into
the exposed threads to act as a handle or by twisting a piece of steel construction
wire under the nut to which a prying lever can be attached.
17– Page 12
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
Split Rubber Plugs
5.2 To remove split rubber plugs, remove nuts and outside plates from plug, and then
push bolts all the way back through holes in the rubber to free back plates from
rubber.
5.3 If the plug has been in place for only a short time, using long-nose pliers to grip
the rubber through one of the holes near the cut and “peeling” it from around the
cable can sometimes remove it. If this is not successful, use the Split Conduit Plug
Remover.
5.4 To remove square split conduit plugs with the Split Conduit Plug Remover, use
the following procedure. (Round plugs are removed in the same manner.)
5.4.1 Insert tongue of the sleeve between rubber and duct wall at the hole in the
free end of the rubber near the cut as it appears on the face of the plug.
(See Fig. 8)
5.4.2 Push tongue of the sleeve to its full depth between rubber and duct wall. It
may found convenient to insert handle end of extractor into sleeve to
provide an extension for a firmer grip.
5.4.3 Assemble wrench on extractor and pass extractor through sleeve. Turn
eccentric point on handle end of extractor, which is in line with the
17– Page 13
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
grooved tip, toward center of duct. This will place the tip approximately in
line with bolt hole in the rubber.
5.4.4 Press extractor forward until tip is completely embedded in the rubber.
This position is reached when the annular groove in extractor shaft is even
with end of sleeve (Fig. 9).
5.4.5 Engage wrench with hexagonal end of sleeve. By means of the wrench,
hold sleeve to prevent it from turning while rotating extractor just one-half
turn. This causes the tip of the extractor to grip the rubber between it and
the tongue of the sleeve. This eccentric point on the handle end will be
toward the corner of the duct when grip is fully tightened. Fig. 10 shows
extractor being tightened in rubber prior to removal.
17– Page 14
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
5.4.6 Slide wrench back against handle of extractor. Gripping both wrench and
extractor, pull gently on extractor while shaking cable slightly until plug
separates at the cut and starts to come out. As pulling is continued, the
rubber will stretch and tend to unwrap from the cable (Fig. 11).
5.4.7 If rubber adheres to duct or cable and makes removal difficult, release grip
on rubber, disassemble tool and reinsert tongue of sleeve by itself in a
17– Page 15
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
number of places around duct to break whatever bond exists. Then
reassemble tool in plug and resume pulling.
5.4.8 As rubber emerges from the duct, move tool around cable while pulling on
rubber so the tool will be opposite or slightly ahead of the point where the
rubber is emerging.
5.4.9 After rubber is out, remove from duct all of the bolts and two back plates
of plug and reassemble plug.
6. CAULKING MATERIALS — DESCRIPTION
6.1 The following commercially available caulking materials provide a suitable seal
in the end of duct. Other materials may be used if approved by the Telephone
Company.
6.1.1 Standard Duxseal Referred to in the text as plastic duct seal.
6.1.2 Permagum
6.1.3 Form-a-seal No. 3019
6.1.4 Waterplug
6.2 Some caulking materials may contain chemicals that are harmful to certain types
of plastic sheath. It is advisable to check the manufacturer’s recommendations and
the Telephone Company before purchasing.
6.3 When a licensee owned cable is placed in a duct occupied by a Telephone
Company cable, Waterplug (or an approved equivalent) should be used to seal the
duct. Where a Licensee owned cable occupies a duct alone, the owner of the cable
may select any duct sealing material that is approved by the Telephone Company.
17– Page 16
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
7. INSTALLING WATERPLUG
7.1 Duct Preparation: Clean all surfaces of cable and duct that the Waterplug will
contact in making the seal. The cable should be located as close to center of duct
as possible. Centering cables can be accomplished by using some type of spacer.
Fig. 12 and 14 shows the use of lead serving tape as a spacer.
7.2 If the cable can be held centered in the duct by a sling or other means, a backing
of paper or other waste material is required to confine flow of Waterplug. Backing
should be inserted into the duct approximately 1 inch from face of duct.
7.3 Mix Waterplug until it reaches the consistency of putty. The mix will set in 2 or 3
minutes.
17– Page 17
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
7.4 Apply mixture to duct, working it firmly against wall and cable. Finish off even
with face of duct, or if a cable is present, bevel out toward cable.
7.5 If water is running from duct, apply Waterplug first to upper portion of space to
be filled, leaving a small opening at bottom through which water can flow to
avoid building up pressure until the Waterplug (first applied) has set. After a few
minutes, mix a small quantity of Waterplug and shape it into the form of a conical
plug. When a sudden warm feeling and dry appearance comes over the mixture,
apply it to opening from below. Force material will into opening and exert
pressure against plug for a full minute or longer until flow of water has stopped.
After a few minutes the surface can be smoothed off with a short trowel or chisel
to conform with the remainder of seal.
7.6 If water pressure is heavy, as in the case of a duct running full with water, it is
better to seal a vacant duct with a solid rubber plug rather than to attempt to seal
with Waterplug. With the same situation in an occupied duct, flow of water can be
stemmed sufficiently to permit a Waterplug seal to be made by using part of the
rubber portion of a split plug as a dam. Cut the rubber in half across the length of
the plug and place a half-section around the cable. Lift cable and push rubber in
the duct to depth required for Waterplug seal.
7.7 Removal: Waterplug can be removed from ducts by rapping seal sharply with a
hammer or by using a hammer and cold chisel or other cutting tool to crack the
seal. After seal is fractured, pieces can readily be removed from the duct.
8. INSTALLING PLASTIC DUCT SEAL
8.1 Duct surfaces and cable must be clean and dry before application of plastic duct
seal.
8.2 To seal cable in a vertical position, as in bends at poles or at the top of riser pipes,
roll a quantity of material between hands to form a rope slightly larger in diameter
than space to be filled. Wrap material around cable and, while holding cable
centered in the duct, force the duct seal into the duct to a depth of about 2 inches.
Apply successive lengths of material, forcing them firmly into position, until
space is sealed to top of duct. Bevel top of seal, sloping it slightly upward from
edge of duct to cable.
8.3 When sealing cable in a horizontal position, lead serving tape may be used to
center cable. The tape should be inserted 2 inches into duct.
9. WOODEN DUCT PLUGS
9.1 Wooden duct plugs can be used for temporarily sealing ducts during conduit
construction as protection against silt or to prevent stones and other foreign
17– Page 18
MANUAL OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 17
material from getting into ducts during the interval between completion of conduit
work and cable placing. They may also be used to plug vacant bends that are
terminated at a pole or against the outer side of a building wall.
9.2 Wooden plugs are available in several types and sizes for use with various types
and sizes of ducts and cast iron bends.
9.3 Wooden plugs are tapered and are installed by tapping them into the bore of the
conduit. If a better fir is desired, they can be wrapped with cheese cloth or muslin.
Wrapping the plug permits a better seal and reduces distance the plug has to be
driven into the bore to achieve an adequate seal. Plugs installed in the end of a
clay duct should always be wrapped.
NOTE: Should the Licensee identify new technology in duct plugging material
and systems. Provide Telco company representative with the manufactures
technical specifications for approval consideration. In many cases these new
items may be already be approved by Telco.
17– Page 19
You might also like
- ImageRUNNER ADVANCE 4500 Series Partscatalog E EURNo ratings yetImageRUNNER ADVANCE 4500 Series Partscatalog E EUR152 pages
- High-Speed Counter Module User's Manual: - QD62 - QD62E - QD62D - GX Configurator-CT (SW0D5C-QCTU-E)No ratings yetHigh-Speed Counter Module User's Manual: - QD62 - QD62E - QD62D - GX Configurator-CT (SW0D5C-QCTU-E)138 pages
- PWG / PWK Winches Series: User's Manual / Safety WarningsNo ratings yetPWG / PWK Winches Series: User's Manual / Safety Warnings65 pages
- KPI Report For The Minister For ConstructionNo ratings yetKPI Report For The Minister For Construction34 pages
- 26 - 05 - 19 - 00 (16122) Low-Voltage Electrical Power Conductors and CablesNo ratings yet26 - 05 - 19 - 00 (16122) Low-Voltage Electrical Power Conductors and Cables33 pages
- Electrical Safety Management Procedure May 2013100% (3)Electrical Safety Management Procedure May 201335 pages
- Construction Management Guidelines and Procedures For International ProjectsNo ratings yetConstruction Management Guidelines and Procedures For International Projects10 pages
- 1.vol IBId Doc MKU Vol-I Final Print StampNo ratings yet1.vol IBId Doc MKU Vol-I Final Print Stamp214 pages
- Lot 130 Practical Completion Certificate 2020.03.16No ratings yetLot 130 Practical Completion Certificate 2020.03.162 pages
- Project Closeout Checklist: Category DescriptionNo ratings yetProject Closeout Checklist: Category Description4 pages
- 001-OBA-REV-R00 - Review Report For INC S.p.A. "Program of Works"No ratings yet001-OBA-REV-R00 - Review Report For INC S.p.A. "Program of Works"24 pages
- Multiple Wrapped Cable Splice Is Used More Extensively On Small StrandNo ratings yetMultiple Wrapped Cable Splice Is Used More Extensively On Small Strand2 pages
- Project Cost Management: Dhammika T. GamageNo ratings yetProject Cost Management: Dhammika T. Gamage45 pages
- Construction Method Statements: Method Statement For Bored PilingNo ratings yetConstruction Method Statements: Method Statement For Bored Piling8 pages
- Method Statement Register: No. Description Discipline Remarks J&P Reference No. Action Code Reply DateNo ratings yetMethod Statement Register: No. Description Discipline Remarks J&P Reference No. Action Code Reply Date1 page
- A PROJECT MANAGEMENT OF WNO OPERA HOUSE (Jatin Goel)No ratings yetA PROJECT MANAGEMENT OF WNO OPERA HOUSE (Jatin Goel)46 pages
- Preliminary Quality Assurance/Quality Control Plan: Mohawk Solar ProjectNo ratings yetPreliminary Quality Assurance/Quality Control Plan: Mohawk Solar Project4 pages
- LSP Material Status Updated On 18-03-2018: Partial Qty Delivered Partially DeliveredNo ratings yetLSP Material Status Updated On 18-03-2018: Partial Qty Delivered Partially Delivered2 pages
- Transmission Line Construction and Maintenance: Sherman & ReillyNo ratings yetTransmission Line Construction and Maintenance: Sherman & Reilly8 pages
- MS For Installation of Cable Tray Support-048100% (1)MS For Installation of Cable Tray Support-0483 pages
- Construction Standard FOR Electrical Installation Original Edition DEC. 1997No ratings yetConstruction Standard FOR Electrical Installation Original Edition DEC. 19979 pages
- BP 07 Roofingandwaterproofing Scopeofwork-Roofing AND WaterproofingNo ratings yetBP 07 Roofingandwaterproofing Scopeofwork-Roofing AND Waterproofing6 pages
- Part - Ii Particular Conditions of ContractNo ratings yetPart - Ii Particular Conditions of Contract25 pages
- Cable Trays & Accessories-Material SubmittalNo ratings yetCable Trays & Accessories-Material Submittal2 pages
- Cable Sizing Calculation - Open ElectricalNo ratings yetCable Sizing Calculation - Open Electrical9 pages
- Bm114 Series: 6KW Auto-Focusing Laser Cutting Heads User ManualNo ratings yetBm114 Series: 6KW Auto-Focusing Laser Cutting Heads User Manual33 pages
- Preliminary KNH Construction Schedule 2013-05-06No ratings yetPreliminary KNH Construction Schedule 2013-05-061 page
- Checklist ForBuilding Wire and Cable InsallationNo ratings yetChecklist ForBuilding Wire and Cable Insallation3 pages
- Red Bag Checklist For Mechanical CompletionNo ratings yetRed Bag Checklist For Mechanical Completion9 pages
- Improving Construction Productivity: Case Studies for SuccessFrom EverandImproving Construction Productivity: Case Studies for SuccessNo ratings yet