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Chap3 Part 2

This document contains information about an engineering dynamics course, including: - Details about an upcoming test on chapters 2 and 3 - Concepts of power, efficiency, and procedures for analyzing power requirements - Examples of calculating power required to lift objects using free body diagrams and kinematic relationships - Reminders that power is the rate of work over time and efficiency is the ratio of output to input power

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Jing Kai Lum
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87 views20 pages

Chap3 Part 2

This document contains information about an engineering dynamics course, including: - Details about an upcoming test on chapters 2 and 3 - Concepts of power, efficiency, and procedures for analyzing power requirements - Examples of calculating power required to lift objects using free body diagrams and kinematic relationships - Reminders that power is the rate of work over time and efficiency is the ratio of output to input power

Uploaded by

Jing Kai Lum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EMJ17203–Engineering Dynamics

Semester 2, 2022/2023

Chapter 3:
KINETICS OF A PARTICLE:
WORK AND ENERGY (Part 2)
Dr. MUHAMMAD HISYAM ROSLE
Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Technology, UniMAP
Email: hisyamrosle@unimap.edu.my
EMJ17203 Engineering
1 Dynamics 1
Reminder

Test
Date: 17 May 2023 (Wednesday)
Time: 8.00 PM
Venue: DK1 Hall (Orange building)
Duration: 1 hour 30 minutes

Covering Chapter 2 and 3

EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics 2


Power and
Efficiency
The term “power” provides a useful
basis for choosing the type of motor
or machine which is required to do a
certain amount of work in a given
time. For example, two pumps may
each be able to empty a reservoir if
given enough time; however, the
pump having the larger power will
complete the job sooner. EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics
3
Power and Efficiency

• Engines and motors are often rated in terms of their


power output. The power output of the motor lifting
this elevator is related to the vertical force F acting on
the elevator, causing it to move upwards.
• Given a desired lift velocity for the elevator (with a
known maximum load), how can we determine the
power requirement of the motor?

EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics 4


Power and Efficiency
Power is defined as the amount of work performed per unit of time.

If a machine or engine performs a certain amount of work, dU, within


a given time interval, dt, the power generated can be calculated as

Since the work can be expressed as dU = F • dr, the power can be written

Thus, power is a scalar defined as the product of the force


and velocity components acting in the same direction.
EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics 5
Power
Using scalar notation, power can be written
P = F • v = F v cos q

where q is the angle between the force and velocity vectors.

So, if the velocity of a body acted on by a force F is known,


the power can be determined by calculating the dot product
or by multiplying force and velocity components.
The basic units of power used in the SI and FPS systems are the watt
(W) and horsepower (hp), respectively.

Where, 1 hp = 746 W.

EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics 6


Efficiency
The mechanical efficiency of a machine is the ratio of the useful power produced (output power) to
the power supplied to the machine (input power) or

If energy input and removal occur at the same time, efficiency may also be expressed in terms of the
ratio of output energy to input energy or

Machines will always have frictional forces. Since frictional forces dissipate energy, additional power
will be required to overcome these forces. Consequently, the efficiency of a machine is always less
than 1.

EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics 7


Procedure for Analysis
• Find the resultant external force acting on the body causing its motion. It may be
necessary to draw a free-body diagram.

• Determine the velocity of the point on the body at which the force is applied. Energy
methods or the equation of motion and appropriate kinematic relations, may be
necessary.

• Multiply the force magnitude by the component of velocity acting in the direction
of F to determine the power supplied to the body (P = F v cos q ).

• In some cases, power may be found by calculating the work done per unit of time (P
= dU/dt).

• If the mechanical efficiency of a machine is known, either the power input or


output can be determined.

EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics 8


Example 1

EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics 9


Solution:
To determine the power developed by the man, the velocity of the 150-N force must be
obtained first. The free-body diagram of the crate is shown in Fig. (b)

Equation of motion:

EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics 10


The velocity of the crate when t = 4 s is therefore

The power supplied to the crate by the man when t = 4 s is therefore

EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics 11


Example 2

The motor M of the hoist shown in Fig. (a) lifts the


75-lb crate C so that the acceleration of point P is 4
ft/s2. Determine the power that must be supplied to
the motor at the instant P has a velocity of 2 ft/s.
Neglect the mass of the pulley and cable and take
0.85.

EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics 12


Solution:

In order to find the power output of the motor, it is first necessary to determine
the tension in the cable since this force is developed by the motor.

The acceleration of the crate can be obtained by using kinematics to relate it


to the known acceleration of point P, Fig. (a). Using the methods of absolute
dependent motion, the coordinates sC and sP can be related to a constant
portion of cable length l which is changing in the vertical and horizontal
directions.

Taking the second time derivative of this equation yields

EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics 13


Substitute into equation (1)

The power output, measured in units of horsepower, required to draw the


cable in at a rate of 2 ft/s is therefore

This power output requires that the motor provide a power input of

NOTE: Since the velocity of the crate is


constantly changing, the power requirement is
instantaneous.
EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics 14
More examples

EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics 15


EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics 16
EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics 17
Define position coordinates to relate velocities.
Datum

SP
SA

EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics 18


Answer:
P = 115 W

EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics 19


Answer:
Pin = 1.36 hp

EMJ17203 Engineering Dynamics 20

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