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Worksheet Chapter 17 Alcohols

This document provides an exercise on distinguishing between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols based on their structure and reaction with acidified potassium dichromate. It tests the classification and naming of alcohols, and describes what happens when different types of alcohols are heated with acidified potassium dichromate. The document also provides practice writing balanced equations for oxidation reactions of alcohols and aldehydes using oxidizing agents.

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219 views4 pages

Worksheet Chapter 17 Alcohols

This document provides an exercise on distinguishing between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols based on their structure and reaction with acidified potassium dichromate. It tests the classification and naming of alcohols, and describes what happens when different types of alcohols are heated with acidified potassium dichromate. The document also provides practice writing balanced equations for oxidation reactions of alcohols and aldehydes using oxidizing agents.

Uploaded by

ervaldi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exercise

17.1 What type of alcohol?


This exercise will help you to distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols by their
structure and by using acidified potassium dichromate(VI). Practice is also given in writing equations for
oxidation reactions of alcohols and aldehydes.

TIP
Make sure that you know the difference between primary, secondary
and tertiary alcohols in terms of their structure and reaction with
acidified potassium dichromate(VI).

a Classify each of these alcohols as either primary, secondary or tertiary.

Figure 17.1: Examples of alcohols.

b Give the names of each of the alcohols shown in part a.

c Complete the following sentences to describe what happens, if anything, when different alcohols are
heated with acidified potassium dichromate(VI).
Primary alcohols: Potassium dichromate(VI) turns from ____________ to ____________. The product distilled
off is an ____________. On further oxidation a ____________ is formed. Secondary alcohols: Potassium
dichromate(VI) turns from ____________ to ____________. The product is a ____________ . On further
oxidation ____________ is formed. Tertiary alcohols: Potassium dichromate(VI) ____________. No reaction
takes place.

d When balancing organic equations using potassium manganate(VII) or potassium dichromate(VI) as


oxidising agents, we use [O] to represent the oxygen arising from an oxidising agent. For example:
CH3OH + [O] → HCHO + H2O

i Name an oxidising agent other than acidified potassium dichromate that oxidises primary alcohols.

ii State the colour change in this oxidising agent when it reacts with excess primary alcohol.

TIP

Remember that when naming alcohols, the numbering of the −OH


group should be from the end which gives the smallest number.

e Copy and complete these equations for the oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes.

i CH3CH2CH2OH +____________ → CH3CH2CHO + H2O

ii CH3CH(OH)CH3 +____________ → ____________ +____________


iii CH3CH2CHO + ____________ → ____________

iv CH3CH(OH)CH2CH(OH)CH2CH3 + ____________ → ____________ + ____________


Exercise 17.2 Some reactions of alcohols
This exercise will familiarise you with some reactions of the alcohols (combustion, substitution, reaction
with sodium, oxidation and dehydration) and the conditions used. It also revises the writing of equations
for the reactions of alcohols.

a Match the reagents and conditions 1 to 6 with the products A to F.

1 Burning ethanol in excess air   A ethyl ethanoate

2 Refluxing ethanol with acidified B ethene


potassium dichromate(VI)  

3 Refluxing ethanol with ethanoic acid C chloroethene


and an acid catalyst  

4 Passing ethanol vapour over hot D ethanoic acid


aluminium oxide  

5 Refluxing ethanol with sodium E sodium ethoxide


chloride and concentrated sulfuric  
acid

6 Adding sodium to ethanol   F carbon dioxide and water

b Copy and complete these equations.

i ____ C3H7OH + ____ Li → _____________ + _____________

ii ____ CH3OH + Ca → _____________ + _____________

iii CH3CH(OH)CH3 →Al2O3, heat _____________ + _____________

iv CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH →Al2O3, heat _____________ + _____________

TIP

When writing equations for the combustion of alcohols, don’t forget


the oxygen in the alcohol!

c Write balanced equations for:

i The complete combustion of propanol (forming carbon dioxide and water).

ii The incomplete combustion of butanol (forming carbon monoxide and water).

iii The complete combustion of cyclohexanol.

d Which one of these alcohols, A, B, C or D, will react with an alkaline solution of iodine? Explain your
answer.
A CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2CH3

B CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

C CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3

D CH3C(CH3)2CH2CH2OH

TIP

In a simplified structural formula such as CH3C(CH3)2CH2OH, note that


the C(CH3)2 shows that there are two methyl groups attached to the
second carbon atom from the left.

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