DR. JOSE P.

RIZAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 3

STATISTICS & PROBABILITY
Name of Learner: Section:

Grade Level: Date:

MEAN AND VARIANCE OF A DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

Activity Sheet Title

A. Background Information for the Learner:

Review:
The MEAN of a set of values or measurements is the sum of all the measurements divided by the number of
measurements in the set.
∑𝑥
In symbol, 𝑥̅ = 𝑛
.

Example: Ms. Sulit collects the data on the ages of Mathematics teachers in Santa Rosa School, and her study yields
the following: 38 35 28 36 35 33 40
38+35+28+36+35+33+40 245
Solution: 𝑥̅ = = = 35
7 7

Based on the computed mean, the average of Mathematics teachers in Santa Rosa School is 35.

What is It

We can characterize the mean of a discrete random variable by utilizing probabilities from its dispersion, as
follows:
1. The mean is considered as a measure of the `central location' of a random variable. It is the weighted average of
the values that random variable X can take, with weights provided by the probability distribution.
2. The Expected Value or Mean Value of a discrete random variable x is can be computed by first multiplying each
possible x value by the probability of observing that value and then adding the resulting quantities.
Symbolically, 𝜇 = 𝑥 1 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)1 +𝑥 2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)2 + ⋯ + 𝑥 𝑛 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)𝑛 or 𝜇 = ∑ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)
Example:
The probabilities that a surgeon operates on 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 patients in any day are 0.15, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30,
respectively. Find the average number of patients that a surgeon operates on a day.
Solution:

x P(X) 𝑥 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋) The dot (∙) means multiply

3 0.15 3 × 0.15 = 0.45
4 0.10 4 × 0.10 = 0.40
5 0.20 5 × 0.20 = 1
6 0.25 6 × 0.25 = 1.5
7 0.30 7 × 0.3 = 2.1
𝜇 = ∑ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)
𝜇 = 0.45 + 0.40 + 1 + 1.5 + 2.1 = 5.45
𝜇 = 5.45

The average number of patients that a surgeon operates on a day is 5.45.

 DR. JOSE P. RIZAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Now, your turn

3 1 1 2 3
The probabilities that a customer will buy 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 items in a grocery store are , , , and 10
10 10 10 10
respectively.
What is the average number of items that a customer will buy?

Number of Boxes X Probability P(X) 𝑥 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)

1 3
10
2 1
10
3 1
10
4 2
10
5 3
10

𝜇 = ∑ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)
𝜇 = ______ + _____ + _____ + _____ + ______ = _____
𝜇 = ______

The average number of items that a customer will buy is _____.

The variance of a random variable displays the variability or the dispersions of the random variables. It shows the
distance of a random variable from its mean.
The Variance of a Discrete Random Variable X, denoted by 𝜎𝑥̅2 is computed by first subtracting the mean from each
possible x value to obtain the deviations, then squaring each deviation and multiplying the result by the
probability of the corresponding x value, and then finally adding these quantities.

Symbolically, 𝜎 2 = ∑(𝑥 − 𝜇)2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)

Example:

The number of cars sold per day at a local car dealership, along with its corresponding probabilities, is shown in the
succeeding table. Compute the variance and the standard deviation of the probability distribution.

Number of Probability 𝑥 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋) 𝑥−𝜇 (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)

cars sold P(X)
per day X
0 1 1 0 − 2.2 = −2.2 (−2.2)2 = 4.84 1
0× =0 4.84 × = 0.484
10 10 10
1 2 2 1 − 2.2 = −1.2 (−1.2)2 = 1.44 2
1× = 0.2 1.44 × = 0.288
10 10 10
2 3 3 2 − 2.2 = −0.2 (−2.2)2 = 0.04 3
2× = 0.6 0.04 × = 0.012
10 10 10
3 2 2 3 − 2.2 = 0.8 (0.8)2 = 0.64 2
3× = 0.6 0.64 × = 0.128
10 10 10
4 2 2 4 − 2.2 = 1.8 (1.8)2 = 3.24 2
4× = 0.8 3.24 × = 0.648
10 10 10

*Note: Round off your answers up to four decimal places when necessary.
Mean
𝜇 = ∑ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)
𝜇 = 0 + 0.2 + 0.6 + 0.6 + 0.8 = 2.2
𝝁 = 𝟐. 𝟐
 DR. JOSE P. RIZAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Variance
𝜎 2 = ∑(𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥̅ )2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)
𝜎 2 = 0.484 + 0.288 + 0.012 + 0.128 + 0.648
𝝈𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔

Standard Deviation of a Discrete Random Variable

𝜎 = √𝜎𝑥̅2 Standard deviation = square root of variance

𝜎 = √1.56
𝝈 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
Now your turn,
Mr. Umali, a Mathematics teacher, regularly gives a formative assessment composed of 5 multiple-choice items. After
the assessment, he used to check the probability distribution of the correct responses, and the data is presented
below:
Test Item Probability 𝑥 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋) 𝑥−𝜇 (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)
X P(X)
0 0.03
1 0.05
2 0.12
3 0.30
4 0.28
5 0.22

Complete the table and compute for the mean, variance and standard deviation.

Take note that,

the small variance or standard deviation means that the assumed values or data points tend to be very close to the
mean, while higher variance or standard deviation means that the assumed values or data points are spread out
from the mean. Specifically, the variance and standard deviation measures or describes how far a set of data
(assumed values of random variables) is spread out.

the Expected Value E(X) is only the average or mean (𝜇) of random variable X. It's occasionally called a "weighted
average" because more frequent values of X are weighted more highly in the average. It is additionally how we
anticipate that X should behave on-average as time goes on. The mean of a random variable X is a measurement
of the central location of the distribution of X.

B. Learning Competency / LC code

The learner…
• calculates the mean and the variance of a discrete random variable. M11GM-Ib-3
• interprets the mean and the variance of a discrete random variable. M11GM-Ic-1
C. Directions/Instructions

Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

D. Exercise/Activity
Answer reflection and Assessment 3.
 DR. JOSE P. RIZAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

E. Reflection
What I Learned…
1. The formula for calculating Mean or Expected value is _______________________
2. I have discovered that the Expected Value E(X) is only the_______________ of random variable X. It's
occasionally called a _______________ because more frequent values of X are weighted more highly in the
average.
3. The variance of a discrete random variable X is defined _____________________
4. The standard deviation of X is defined to be the square root of the variance of X. In symbol it expressed into
________________________________

F. References

CLMD4ASTATISTICS&PROBABILITYSHS

Prepared by: LALAINE MARGARETH DC. FETIZANAN

Teacher II
DR. JOSE P. RIZAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

NAME: _______________________________________________

SECTION: _____________________________________________

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

ASSESSMENT 3

A. Multiple Choice (2 points each). Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the CAPITAL LETTER of your answer in a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following uses the formula of (𝑥) = ∑ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑝 (𝑥) ?

A. Probability Distribution
B. Variance of Discrete Probability Distribution
C. Standard Deviation of Discrete Probability Distribution
D. Mean or Expected Value of Discrete Probability Distribution
2. Among the notations below, which is equivalent to 𝐸(𝑥)?
A. 𝜎 2 B. 𝜎 C. 𝜇 D. 𝑃 (𝑋)
3. Which of the following statements best describe the expected value of a discrete random variable?
A. It is the simple average of all possible outcomes.
B. It is the geometric average of all possible outcomes.
C. It is the weighted average over all possible outcomes.
D. It is the complex average of all possible outcomes in the distribution.
4. To which of the following concepts refer this statement “the sum of the product of each value of a discrete random
variable and its corresponding probability”?
A. Probability Distribution
B. Variance of Discrete Probability Distribution
C. Standard Deviation of Discrete Probability Distribution
D. Mean or Expected Value of Discrete Probability Distribution
5. Which of the following is NOT included in the process of calculating the mean of the discrete random variable X?
A. Identify the correct probabilities for each x value. B. Multiply each x value by its probability.
C. Get the summation of the product. D. Get the square root of the product.
7. Which of the following is TRUE about the value of the mean of a discrete random variable?
A. Mean Value is always equal to 1 B. Mean Value cannot be negative.
C. Men value is equal to the expected value D. Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation are equal.
8. To determine the expected value of the discrete random variable which processes should be done?
A. Get the squared sum of the difference of each value of a discrete random variable its probability.
B. Get the summation of the difference of each value of a discrete random variable and its probability.
C. Get the summation of the product of each value of a discrete random variable and its probability.
D. Get the square root of the summation of the product each value of a discrete random variable and its probability.
9. What can we generate if we take the squares of standard deviation?
A. Expected Value B. Mean Value C. Probability value D. Variance
10. In tossing a coin, what are the possible values of the random variable X?
A. 0 B. 0,1 C. 1, 2 D. 0, 1, 2
11. If the variance of a probability distribution is 2.6 grams, what is the standard deviation?
A. 1.61 B. 1.16 C. 1.06 D. 1.01
12. What formula is appropriate to use in calculating the expected value?
A. 𝐸(𝑥) = ∑ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑝 (𝑥) B. 𝐸(𝑥) = ∑ 𝑥 − 𝑝 (𝑥) C. 𝐸(𝑥) = ∑ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑝 (𝑥) 2 D. 𝐸(𝑥) = ∑ 𝑥 /𝑝 (𝑥)
DR. JOSE P. RIZAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

For items 13-14, refer to the scenario and table provided below. In a recent Barangay Basketball League, each player
went to free throws 2 times. The number of free throws made by each player is described by the following probability
distribution.
Number of Probability
Free throws X P(X)
0 0.20
1 0.45
2 0.35

13. What is the mean of the probability distribution?

A. 1.00 B. 1.15 C. 2.00 D. 2.25
14. What is the probability that both free throws will be out of the basket?
A. 0.20 B. 0.45 C. 0.35 D. 1.00
15. Which among the list of formulas should be used to solve for the variance of discrete random variables?
A. 𝜎 2 = ∑(𝑥 + 𝜇)2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑥); for all possible values of x
B. 𝜎 2 = ∑(𝑥 − 𝜇)2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑥); for all possible values of x
C. 𝜎 2 = ∑ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑃(𝑥); for all possible values of x
D. 𝜎 2 = ∑(𝑃(𝑋) + 𝜇)2 ∙ 𝑥 ; for all possible values of x
16. Which of the following statements does not describes the value of the standard deviation?
A. A small standard deviation (or variance) means that the distribution of the random variable is narrowly concentrated
around the mean.
B. A large value of standard deviation (or variance) indicates that the distribution is spread out, with some chance of
observing values at some distance from the mean.
C. Standard deviation is obtained by getting the square root of the variance.
D. It is obtained by squaring the variance.
17. Which of the following is the correct value of standard deviation (𝜎) of a discrete random variable X if the variance is
2.5754?
A. 1.61 B. 1.60 C. 1.06 D. 1.01

For items 18-20, refer to the scenario and table provided below. Let X be a random variable defining number of
students getting 95 above grade.
X P(X)
0 0.2
1 0.1
2 0.4
3 0.3

18. What is the expected value of X from the given table?

A. 1.3 B. 1.8 C. 1.9 D. 2.3
19. What is the variance (𝜎 2 ) of the given probability distribution?
A. 1.16 B. 1.18 C. 1.20 D. 1.28
20. Which of the following value is appropriate for deviation (𝜎) of the given probability distribution?
A 1.02 B. 1.04 C. 1.06 D. 1.08

Prepared by: LALAINE MARGARETH DC. FETIZANAN

Teacher II