Fluid Mechanics Laboratory Report No.

Date Submitted:

Instructor: Engr. Mark Ondac

Members: Signature
1. Justin Luiz L. Almera _______________________________
2. Nelma Jolouisse Calleja _______________________________
3. Charles Danielle S. Gamboa _______________________________
4. Rea Gia Mae G. Gamboa _______________________________

GROUP PHOTO

(PHOTO TAKEN ON THE DATE OF CONDUCT OF

LABORATORY CTIVITY)

A. Introduction
 Fluid properties are the characteristics or attributes that define the behavior of fluids, such
as liquids and gases. These properties include density, specific weight, specific volume, and
specific gravity, among others. The concept behind fluid properties is rooted in the basic
principles of fluid mechanics, which govern the behavior of fluids under different conditions.
The principle behind the laboratory experiment is the study of fluid properties,
specifically mass density, specific weight, and specific gravity. These properties are essential in
the study of fluid mechanics and are used in various applications in industry. The mass density is
the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume, while the specific weight is the weight of a
substance per unit volume. Specific gravity, on the other hand, is the dimensionless ratio of the
density of a fluid to the density of the reference fluid or the dimensionless ratio of the specific
weight of a fluid to the specific weight of the reference fluid.
The important equations that will be used in the laboratory experiment include the
formula for density (mass/volume), specific weight (weight/volume), and specific gravity
(density of the fluid/density of the reference or specific weight of fluid/specific weight of the
reference). In addition, conversion formulas for units will also be used to convert the measured
values into the desired units.
B. Objectives (Refer to Lab Manual posted in Canvas)
1. Determine the density, specific weight, and specific gravity of different liquids such as
vinegar, oil, salt water, etc.
2. Familiarize the student with the application and computation of basic properties of liquid.
C. Computations

D. Presentation of Results
Mass of Mass of
Mass
cylinder cylinder Specific
Tria of Volum Density Specific
Fluid without with Weight
l liquid e (m3) (kg/m3) Gravity
Liquid liquid (N/m3)
(kg)
(kg) (kg)
Fluid A. Salt Water
1 0.6401 0.755 0.1149 0.0001 1149 11271.7 1.149
Salt
2 0.6401 0.8746 0.2345 0.0002 1172.5 11502.2 1.1725
Water
3 0.6401 0.9835 0.3434 0.0003 1144.667 11229.2 1.145
Fluid B. Vinegar
Vinegar 1 0.6386 0.7305 0.0919 0.0001 919 9015.39 0.919
 2 0.6386 0.8213 0.1827 0.0002 913.5 8961.44 0.9135
3 0.6386 0.9283 0.2897 0.0003 965.6667 9473.19 0.96567
Fluid C. Oil
1 0.6535 0.7317 0.0782 0.0001 782 7671.42 0.782
Oil 2 0.6535 0.8236 0.1701 0.0002 850.5 8343.41 0.8505
3 0.6535 0.9157 0.2622 0.0003 874 8573.94 0.874

E. Discussion of the Results

Based on the recorded data, it can be seen that the density, specific weight, and specific gravity
values of the three fluids, salt water, vinegar, and oil, vary from one another. Salt water has the
highest density, specific weight, and specific gravity values. Vinegar has the next highest value,
while oil has the lowest value for density, specific weight, and specific gravity. The collected
data closely matches and aligns with the known values of density, specific weight, and specific
gravity for salt water, vinegar, and oil. These observations are consistent with the principle that
the density depends on its mass and volume, specific weight of a fluid depend on its weight and
volume, while specific gravity depends on the fluid's density relative to that of a reference
substance or fluid's unit weight relative to that of a reference substance.

F. Conclusion
In conclusion, the laboratory experiment conducted successfully determined the density,
specific weight, and specific gravity of three different fluids - salt water, vinegar, and oil. The
results obtained were near and aligned with the known values, indicating the experiment's
accuracy and reliability.
Each parameter, including mass, volume, and temperature, played a significant role in
determining the final result. Mass and volume measurements were used to calculate density,
which was an essential factor in determining specific weight and specific gravity. Specific
weight is determined by multiplying the fluid's density by the acceleration due to gravity, while
specific gravity is the ratio of the fluid's density to that of a reference substance, in which for
liquids is water. Which is why each of the parameter is related to each other and is essential for
the computation of the final result.
In summary, the laboratory experiment demonstrated the relationship of each parameter
to the final result, and the results obtained were satisfactory. Each parameter measured in the
experiment provides crucial information about the fluid being tested and contributes to the
overall understanding of its properties and behavior.
G. Application < Give an example of the application of the principle in the industry or even in
the simplest daily life activity.
The principle of fluids has numerous applications in various industries and even the simplest
daily life activities. Like for example, in the oil and gas industry, the density of fluids plays a
crucial role in determining the volume and weight of different substances for transport and
processing. By knowing the density of a fluid, engineers can accurately measure the amount of
oil or gas that is being transported through pipelines and tanks. Similarly, in cooking, the density
of ingredients has an impact on the amount of space they take up in a recipe. Flour, sugar, and
butter all have different densities, which affects the volume of the mixture and the overall
consistency of the dish. Understanding the properties of fluids is essential for both industrial
processes and everyday tasks, from cooking to swimming to driving a car.
H. Recommendation
To ensure reliable results in the experiment, it is important to identify possible sources of
error and take appropriate measures to minimize or eliminate them. One possible source of error
is the accuracy and precision of measurements, which can affect the calculated values for
density, specific weight, and specific gravity. This can be addressed by using calibrated
instruments and ensuring that measurements are taken consistently.
Another source of error could be the checking of the amount of fluid inside the graduated
cylinder. Inconsistent readings can occur due to improper alignment of the eye with the markings
on the cylinder. To avoid this error, it is recommended to align the eye directly with the
markings and avoid tilting the cylinder during readings.
The weighing of the correct mass of the graduated cylinder is also crucial in obtaining
accurate results, especially if there's still residue material from the last experiment inside the
cylinder. The presence of residue in the cylinder, especially in the case of the oil, can result in
inaccurate measurements. To minimize this error, the graduated cylinder should be thoroughly
empty before each use, and the residue removed as much as possible.
Overall, proper attention to these sources of error can significantly improve the reliability
and accuracy of the experiment's results.