F.3 Mathematics Supplementary Notes Ch.10 Trigonometric Relations Ch.11 Applications in Trigonometry 5/2006 P.

1
Chapter 10 Trigonometric Relations Name:_______________( )
Chapter 11 Applications in Trigonometry Class: F.3 ( )

Important Terms
adjacent side tangent ratio
hypotenuse compass bearing
opposite side true bearing
trigonometric ratio angle of elevation
sine ratio angle of depression
cosine ratio

Revision Notes
1. The trigonometric ratios applied to a right-angled triangle
For a  ABC which is right-angled at C, we have : B

adjacent side of  AC
cos  = opposite hypotenuse
hypotenuse AB
side of 

opposite side of BC A
sin    C adjacent
hypotenuse AB
side of 

opposite side of BC

tan   
adjacent side of  AC

2. The trigonometric ratios of the special angles 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90.

0 30 45 60 90

sin
cos
tan

3. Trigonometric Identities
sin 
(a) tan  
cos 
(b) sin 2   cos 2   1
(c) sin   cos(90    )
(d) cos  sin( 90   )
1
(e) tan  
tan( 90    )
F.3 Mathematics Supplementary Notes Ch.10 Trigonometric Relations Ch.11 Applications in Trigonometry 5/2006 P. 2

4. Bearings

Compass bearing True bearing

All directions are measured either from the north or All directions are measured from the geographical
from the south. The angle used ranges from north in a clockwise direction. The angle used is
0 to 90 . usually expressed in three digits which range from
N 000 to 360.
D N
35 A A
65 20
O
W E
70 140
C O
45
B
C 240
S
B
e.g. the compass bearing of e.g. the true bearing of
(i) A from O is N65E (i) A from O is 020
(ii) B from O is ________ (ii) B from O is _______
(iii) C from O is ________ (iii) C from O is _______
(iv) D from O is ________

5. Angle of elevation and angle of depression

A

line of sight

angle of elevation of A from O

O horizontal
angle of depression of B from O
line of sight B

Exercise Level 1 C
1. Referring to the given  ABC, find the values of
21 20 21 20
(a) cos   (b) cos  
29 29
α β
B A
29
(c) sin   (d) sin   A

(e) tan   (f) tan  

F.3 Mathematics Supplementary Notes Ch.10 Trigonometric Relations Ch.11 Applications in Trigonometry 5/2006 P. 3

2. Find the values of the following. (Give your answers correct to 3 decimal places if necessary.)
(a) sin 20∘= (b) cos55∘=

(c) sin 7.8∘= (d) tan 24.38∘=

3. Find the values of  in the following.( Give your answers correct to the nearest 0.01∘if necessary.)
(a) sinθ= 0.37 (b) cos  = 0.2
θ= ______

1 3
(c) tan   (d) cos 
7 4

3
4. Given that sin   , find the values of cos  and sin  . (Give your answers in surd form whenever possible.)
5

5. Find the values of the following (Give your answers in surd form whenever possible.)
sin 45 2 sin 30 
(a)  (b) (sin 30   tan 45 )(tan 30   sin 60  )
cos 60  tan 45

2 1 sin 0 0  cos 90 0
(c) 0
 (d)
cos 0 sin 90 0 tan 30 0 tan 60 0

6. Simplify the following:

1 cos 
(a) 1 (b)  tan 
cos 2  sin 
F.3 Mathematics Supplementary Notes Ch.10 Trigonometric Relations Ch.11 Applications in Trigonometry 5/2006 P. 4
  1  cos 2 32 
(c) tan 19 tan 71 (d)
cos 2 58

3 sin 
(e) sin( 90    ) cos  cos(90    ) sin  (f) 
tan( 90   ) sin( 900   )
0

7. Prove the following

cos sin  sin 2  1
(a) (  ) 1 (b)  sin( 90   )  tan  cos(90   )
sin  cos tan  cos

Level II
8. Find the values of  in the following.( Give your answers correct to the nearest 0.01∘if necessary.)
2
(a) tan   1  2 (b) cos 
2

(c) cos  sin 30  (d) 2 sin   2

(e) 2 2 cos  1 (f) tan  tan 72   1

F.3 Mathematics Supplementary Notes Ch.10 Trigonometric Relations Ch.11 Applications in Trigonometry 5/2006 P. 5
(g) 3 tan 2  3  0 (h) cos 2  sin 36 

1
(i) sin( 3  15 )  cos 51 (j) tan 3 
tan( 30    )

1
9. Given that tan   , find the value of cos  + sin  . (Give your answers in surd form.)
2 2

10. Prove the following

cos 1  sin  2
(a)   (b) cos 2 (90    )  (1  cos ) 2 = 2(1  cos  )
1  sin  cos cos

11. (a) Prove that (sin   cos ) 2  1  2 sin  cos .

1
(b) If sin   cos  , find the value of sin  cos .
2
F.3 Mathematics Supplementary Notes Ch.10 Trigonometric Relations Ch.11 Applications in Trigonometry 5/2006 P. 6
12. Evaluate the following
1  tan 2 30  1 1
(a) (b) ( 
 cos 60  )(  sin 60  )
tan 2 60  sin 30 cos 30 

sin 45 2 sin 30  cos 54 

(c)  (d) tan 36 tan 54 
2  

cos 60  tan 45 sin 54 

13. Simplify
cos 2  1
(a) 1 (b) tan  sin  
1  sin  cos 

1 1
(c) sin 2   (sin 2  cos 4   sin 4  cos 2  ) (d) 
1 1
1 1
cos cos
F.3 Mathematics Supplementary Notes Ch.10 Trigonometric Relations Ch.11 Applications in Trigonometry 5/2006 P. 7

14. In ABC, CD =15,∠ABC=45and ∠BAC = 75. AD is the perpendicular from A to BC. Find
(a) ACB , A
(b) AC, BD. (Give the answers in surd form if necessary.)
75

45
B C
D 15

C
15. In the figure ACB is right-angled at B. BD=CD=1,∠DAB=  and ∠CAD = .
(a) Express AB in terms of  .
1
(b) Express tan∠CAB in terms of  .
(c) If  =35, find  correct to the nearest degree. D

1 

B A

16. In the figure, PQ is a flagpole and PR is a support wire. S is a point on the ground 5m away from R
such that the angle of elevation of P from S is 40. From R, the angle of elevation of P is 70. Find
(a) the length of PR, P
(b) the length of PQ.

70 40
Q
R S
5m

17. In the following figures, find the unknowns: A

(Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures.)
(a) 20
B
16


C D
12
F.3 Mathematics Supplementary Notes Ch.10 Trigonometric Relations Ch.11 Applications in Trigonometry 5/2006 P. 8

(b)
A F

30cm 10cm
D h
B
45∘
C E

18. (a) Refer to the given figure, show that BD=  

6  2 cm. A

(b) Find the length of DE.

6 2
(c) Show that sin 15   . 15 
4
E 2 cm

30  45 
B D C
2 cm

19. The figure shows a triangular field PQR with PQ=800m and QR=600m.
The true bearings of P and R from Q are 045 and 315 respectively. P
Find the area of the field.
R
N
800m
600m 45

CEMC91Q
20. In the figure, A and B are the positions of two boats. N
B
Find the bearing of B from A.

A 35
75
E
O
F.3 Mathematics Supplementary Notes Ch.10 Trigonometric Relations Ch.11 Applications in Trigonometry 5/2006 P. 9

CEMC94
21. The bearing of A from B is 075. What is the bearing of B from A?

A
CEMC95Q
N
22. In the figure, find the bearing of B from A.
30

CE97Q6
23. In the figure, the bearings of two Ship A and B from a lighthouse L are 020
and 110 respectively. B is 20 km and at a bearing of 140 from A. Find N
(a) the distance of L from B, A 140∘
(b) the bearing of L from B.
N
20∘ 20 km
110∘
L

CEMC88Q17 D
AC
24. In the figure, DA=h and ∠CDB=∠BDA=  . Find .  
AB
h

A B C
F.3 Mathematics Supplementary Notes Ch.10 Trigonometric Relations Ch.11 Applications in Trigonometry 5/2006 P. 10

25. The figure shows a part of a contour map of scale 1:20 000. AB represents a straight path
connecting points A and B on different contour lines. Suppose the length of AB on the map is 5 cm.
(a) Find the real length of the straight path. (Give the answer correct to the nearest m.)
(b) Find the inclination of the straight path. (Give the answer correct to the nearest 0.1.)

B
400 m
350 m
A
300 m
250 m

Scale 1:20 000

F.3 Mathematics Supplementary Notes Ch.10 Trigonometric Relations Ch.11 Applications in Trigonometry 5/2006 P. 11
************************************OPTIONAL***************************************
Level III
1. Prove that in any triangle  ABC,
A BC  A  BC
(a) sin  cos  (b)  tan    tan  1
2  2   2  2 

2. ABCD is a square. M and N are mid-points of AB and AD respectively. Find the value of  .
(Give your answers correct to the nearest 0.01∘) (Ans: 36.9∘)
B M A


C D

3. In  ABC, AB = c, BC = a and ∠ABC =  .

(a) Express h in terms of c and  . A
(b) Express the area of  ABC in terms of a, c and  .
c
h
 C
B
a

4. ABCDEF is a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle of radius 20cm. Find

(a) ∠AOB, A F
(b) area of ABCDEF,
(c) perimeter of ABCDEF.

(Ans: 60∘, 600 3 cm2 , 120cm) B 20cm E

O

C D
F.3 Mathematics Supplementary Notes Ch.10 Trigonometric Relations Ch.11 Applications in Trigonometry 5/2006 P. 12

5. In the figure, ABC is an equilateral triangle and the radii of the three circles are each equal to 1.
Find the perimeter of the triangle. (Ans.: 6  6 3 ) C

A B
2t 1 t2 2t
6. If sin   , express cos and tan  in terms of t . (Ans: cos   , tan   )
1 t2 1 t 2
1 t2

7. Find the values of the following.

(a) tan 41  tan 42     tan 49  (Ans: 1 )
89
(b) sin 2 1 + sin 2 2  + sin 2 3 ……+ sin 2 89  (Ans: )
2

8. In the figure,  ABC is an isosceles triangle. AB = AC =1 ,∠BAC =36∘and BD bisects∠ABC.

(a) Prove  ABC ~  BCD.
(b) Let BC = x. Show that x 2  x  1  0 . A

5 1
(c) Show that is a root of x 2  x  1  0 .
2 36∘
Hence find the value of cos 36 . (Give your answers in surd form)
5 1 1
(Ans.: ) D
4

B C
x
F.3 Mathematics Supplementary Notes Ch.10 Trigonometric Relations Ch.11 Applications in Trigonometry 5/2006 P. 13

數學課外閱讀 :
內容簡介 :

聽到三角，絕大多數人的腦海可能馬上就閃過一大堆  、  、sin、tan、csc、半角公式、
倍角公式、和化積、積化和、......，管它實不實用，
「卯」起來背就對了，還可以「說」些什
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毛爾 著 胡守仁 譯 出 資料來源:
版社: 天下文化 http://www.cp1897.com.hk/BookInfo?BookId=9576217326&SectionId=10&AllId=0&Action=50
F.3 Mathematics Supplementary Notes Ch.10 Trigonometric Relations Ch.11 Applications in Trigonometry 5/2006 P. 14
F.3 Mathematics Supplementary Notes Ch.10 Trigonometric Relations Ch.11 Applications in Trigonometry 5/2006 P. 15
F.3 Mathematics Supplementary Notes Ch.10 Trigonometric Relations Ch.11 Applications in Trigonometry 5/2006 P. 16