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2017-CH-738 Muhammad Bilal

This document discusses process modeling and simulation of refineries. It covers building refinery models including crude oil characterization, thermodynamic models, steady-state and dynamic model building. It also discusses using refinery models for planning and scheduling, process engineering including engineering design, troubleshooting, and operational improvement. Finally, it outlines future trends in refinery modeling including more robust models, integration of models for specific applications, and new simulation techniques.

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MuHaMMaD BiLaL
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66 views4 pages

2017-CH-738 Muhammad Bilal

This document discusses process modeling and simulation of refineries. It covers building refinery models including crude oil characterization, thermodynamic models, steady-state and dynamic model building. It also discusses using refinery models for planning and scheduling, process engineering including engineering design, troubleshooting, and operational improvement. Finally, it outlines future trends in refinery modeling including more robust models, integration of models for specific applications, and new simulation techniques.

Uploaded by

MuHaMMaD BiLaL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSIGNMENT

Assigned By:
SIR ALI SAROSH
Prepared By:
MUHAMMAD BILAL
Reg. No.
2017-CH-738
Subject:
MODELING AND SIMULATION
Topic:
PROCESS MODELLING AND
SIMULATION OF REFINERIES

Session:
8th semester (2k17-Morning)

Dated: 2-June-2021
1. Introduction
Competition among refineries motivate them to maximize production as well as
to follow environmental and safety regulations. Product specifications are mostly
affected by Thermodynamics, kinetics and effect of feed qualities. for process design
and revamping, process control, plant planning and optimization, process safety an
important tool is simulation. In the 1950s Chemical engineers first facilitates from
process simulation. Strong command on process engineering and model development
methodologies advanced thermodynamics and mathematics.

2. Building Refinery Models


Problem definition, Input data analysis, Model development and calibration,
Result analysis
2.1 Crude Oil and Petroleum Streams Description
Simulation results reliability with input information quality is represented by
Axiom. Extensive laboratory analyses are to be done for crude oil stream
representation.
2.1.1 Characterization Technologies
Crude oil assay depends on standard batch atmospheric and vacuum
distillation to produce boiling point cut, Online optimization models (NIR, NMR) and
Offline optimization models (GC×GC, MS)
2.1.2 Lumping Methodologies
For boiling point systems lamping method is used which is based on
volatility to produce the pseudo components for modeling and laboratory data from
the crude oil assay defines the physical properties for pseudo components. For the
conversion processes a new method structure-oriented lumping (SOL) was
proposed by Quann and Jaffe.
2.2 Thermodynamic Models
An important component in simulation package because physical and transport
properties and phase equilibrium calculation method defines the simulation result. The
phase equilibrium determination for systems with more Polar compounds and strong
interaction require an activity model.
2.3 Steady-State Model Building
Still steady state simulation is practiced for some engineering processes.
2.3.1 Refinery Unit Model Development
In the first phase the calibration step is involved in the model setup
because to represent the unit accurately the model depends on the calibration
factor. In the second phase the unit run for the scenario for the prediction of the
output by adjusting the equation.
2.3.2 Refinery Unit Model Features
The most relevant features for the distillation and the reactor model as
refinery main units:
2.3.2.1 Distillation Models
For the selection of the model mostly temperature, flow rate, flow
ratio, component purities and stream properties must be considered. The
tray-by-tray models, simpler section-section column models are
available, the heat and mass balances are used to determine the
performance which in turn are used to vapor and liquid rates.
2.3.2.2 Reactor Models
Mass and energy balance and the reaction kinetics are
fundamentals for the reactor modeling. The product composition is
determined by applying the reactor kinetics to the feed composition. For
the complete prediction of the model in terms of the product
specifications some correlations are used.
2.4 Dynamic Model Building
Steady state model needs to be calibrated by comparing with the
processed data available and all the other factors can be calculated and all other
relations like pressure-flow can also be determined.
Using Refinery Models
The following is a brief review on the approach followed by the different
users when taking advantage of current simulation tools.
2.5 Planning and Scheduling
The planning process covers the several time periods with their purpose
and detail. Factors such as such as socioeconomical, political, technological are also
take into account. A plan covering different years is organized by structure planning
and supply plan provides the details regarding these years.
2.6 Process Engineering
The study of process alternatives, economics, equipment design and
selection, operational modifications and troubleshooting are usually studied by steady
state simulation. The proper model selection for these can reduce the capital
expenditures.
2.6.1 Soft ware Applications for Process Engineering
2.6.1.1 Engineering Design
Simple involves the determination of component profiles, feed
location etc. On the other hand, complex involves internal mechanical
design etc. A model calibrated with refinery data can be use to run case
studies.
2.6.1.2 Unit Troubleshooting
It involves the model building for the operation that is not working
proper and comparing the result of this simulation with the actual data
and define the root problem and predicting result.
2.6.1.3 Operational Improvement and Debottlenecking
The effect of the operating variables on the unit performance can be
best explained by simulation models and model should be selected
according to the favorable conditions and operations.
2.6.1.4 Multiunit Refinery Models
These models include the several refinery unit operations using
stream characterization and refinery data.

Future Modelling Trends


Development of more robust models and open code, Integration of
models now specifically focused on particular applications such as planning, process
and control, Development of new simulation techniques and new applications

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