INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 15741

First edition
2001-12-15

Paints and varnishes — Friction-reduction

coatings for the interior of on- and offshore
steel pipelines for non-corrosive gases
Peintures et vernis — Revêtements réduisant le frottement pour l'intérieur
de gazoducs en acier enterrés et immergés pour le transport de gaz non
corrosifs

Reference number
ISO 15741:2001(E)

© ISO 2001
ISO 15741:2001(E)

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ii © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved

 ISO 15741:2001(E)

Contents Page

1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................................................ 2
4 Coating material ............................................................................................................................................... 3
5 Application of the coating material .................................................................................................................. 11
6 Production control ........................................................................................................................................... 12
7 Repairs ........................................................................................................................................................... 14
8 Handling, transportation and storage ............................................................................................................. 14

Annexes
A Determination of ash (refer to subclause 4.2.5).................................................................................. 15
B Dry film thickness (refer to subclause 4.3.3 and 6.1.2) ....................................................................... 16
C Resistance to gas pressure variations (refer to subclause 4.3.9) ......................................................... 17
D Hydraulic-pressure blistering (refer to subclause 4.3.12)..................................................................... 19
E Porosity of a film of the coating material on a glass panel (refer to subclause 6.2.6) .............................. 20
F Curing test (refer to subclause 6.2.5)................................................................................................. 21
G Wet-sponge test (refer to subclause 6.2.6) ........................................................................................ 22
Bibliography........................................................................................................................................................... 23

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ISO 15741:2001(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard ISO 15741 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes,
Subcommittee SC 14, Protective paint systems for steel structures.

Annexes A, B, C, D, E, F and G form a normative part of this International Standard.

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 ISO 15741:2001(E)

Introduction
Internal coating of pipelines is used to reduce friction and improve the flow conditions when conveying non-corrosive
gases, and to offer sufficient corrosion protection during storage and transport of the pipes. The reduction in friction
depends on various parameters like the pressure and temperature of the gas, and the diameter of the pipe. Therefore
it is not possible to give a single figure for this reduction in friction.

In order to establish sufficient corrosion protection and to ensure optimum performance of the internal coating in the
steel pipes, it is necessary for owners of pipelines, planners, consultants, companies carrying out the work,
inspectors of protective coatings and manufacturers of coating materials to have at their disposal state-of-the-art
information in concise form including requirements for the coating. Such information has to be as complete as
possible, unambiguous and easily understandable to avoid difficulties and misunderstandings between the parties
concerned.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15741:2001(E)

Paints and varnishes — Friction-reduction coatings for the interior

of on- and offshore steel pipelines for non-corrosive gases

1 Scope

This International Standard specifies requirements and methods of test for liquid epoxy paints and internal coatings
of such paints in steel pipes and fittings for the conveyance of non-corrosive gas. It also deals with the application of
the paint. Other paints or paint systems are not excluded provided they comply with the requirements given in this
International Standard. The coating consists of one layer, which is normally shop-applied on blast-cleaned steel by
airless spray or other suitable spraying techniques. The applied and cured paint film must be smooth to give the
desired reduction in friction. Brush application is only used for small repair jobs.

2 Normative references

The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.

ISO 2409:1992, Paints and varnishes — Cross-cut test

ISO 2431:1993, Paints and varnishes — Determination of flow time by use of flow cups

ISO 2808:1997, Paints and varnishes — Determination of film thickness

ISO 2811 (all parts), Paints and varnishes — Determination of density

ISO 2812-1:1993, Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to liquids — Part 1: General methods

ISO 2812-2:1993, Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to liquids — Part 2: Water immersion method

ISO 2815:—1), Paints and varnishes — Buchholz indentation test

ISO 3233:1998, Paints and varnishes — Determination of percentage volume of non-volatile matter by measuring
the density of a dried coating

ISO 3251:—2), Paints, varnishes and plastics — Determination of non-volatile-matter content

ISO 6743-4:1999, Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) — Classification — Part 4: Family H
(Hydraulic systems)

ISO 6860:1984, Paints and varnishes — Bend test (conical mandrel)

ISO 7253:1996, Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to neutral salt spray (fog)

1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 2815:1973)

2) To be published. (Revision of ISO 3251:1993)

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ISO 15741:2001(E)

ISO 8501-1:1988, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Visual
assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and
of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings

ISO 8503-1:1988, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Surface
roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates — Part 1: Specifications and definitions for ISO surface
profile comparators for the assessment of abrasive blast-cleaned surfaces

ISO 8503-2:1988, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Surface
roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates — Part 2: Method for the grading of surface profile of
abrasive blast-cleaned steel — Comparator procedure

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1
coat
a continuous layer of a coating material resulting from a single application

[ISO 4618-1]

3.2
coater
the company which is responsible for application of the coating material in accordance with the provisions of this
International Standard

3.3
coating material manufacturer
the supplier of the coating material

3.4
corrosion
physico-chemical interaction between a metal and its environment which results in changes in the properties of the
metal and which may often lead to impairment of the function of the metal, the environment or the technical system
of which these form a part

[ISO 8044]

3.5
dry film thickness (DFT)
the thickness of a coating remaining on the surface when the coating has hardened

[ISO 12944-5]

3.6
natural gas
complex mixture of hydrocarbons, primarily methane, but generally also including ethane, propane and higher
hydrocarbons in much smaller amounts and some non-combustible gases, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide

[ISO 14532]

3.7
nominal dry film thickness
NDFT
the dry film thickness specified for each coat or for the whole paint system to achieve the required durability

[ISO 12944-5]

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3.8
paint
a pigmented coating material in liquid or in paste or powder form which, when applied to a substrate, forms an
opaque film having protective, decorative or specific technical properties

[ISO 4618-1]

3.9
pinhole
film defect characterized by small pore-like flaws in a coating which extend entirely through the applied film and have
the general appearance of pinpricks when viewed by reflected light

3.10
pot life
the maximum time during which a coating material supplied as separate components should be used after they have
been mixed together

[ISO 4618-1]

3.11
purchaser
the organization or individual that buys the coated pipes and fittings

3.12
substrate
the surface to which the coating material is applied or is to be applied

[ISO 4618-1]

3.13
tack-free
the state of a coating when a finger touching the surface no longer leaves a pronounced mark

4 Coating material

4.1 General

The coating material shall typically be a two-pack epoxy paint. It shall not contain any substances which will be
released from the paint film after it has cured and are proven to be detrimental to the operation of the pipeline and the
quality of the gas.

Unless otherwise agreed, the coating material shall be qualified in accordance with 4.2 and 4.3 and shall not be
changed after qualification.

The manufacturer of the coating material shall provide on request infrared spectrograms of the base component and
the curing agent component (see 4.2.8).

In addition, the manufacturer shall provide a product data sheet (see 4.6), a health and safety data sheet and a
certificate stating the test results obtained in accordance with 4.2 and 4.3 respectively and, if applicable, deviating
test conditions.

The manufacturer shall also provide with every batch of the coating material a batch test certificate stating the
information as given in 4.8.

Unless otherwise agreed, the applied coating shall provide corrosion protection during storage and transport for a
minimum period of one year without significant breakdown of the coating.

The typical operating-temperature range for this type of coating is between −20 ◦ C and 110 ◦ C.

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ISO 15741:2001(E)

Where, subsequently, external coatings have to be applied, care shall be taken not to allow the internal coating to be
damaged by the elevated temperatures which may occur.

4.2 Particular requirements for qualification of the coating material

4.2.1 General

The following subclauses describe the laboratory test methods which are required for qualification of the coating
material.

4.2.2 Non-volatile matter (by mass)

When determined in accordance with ISO 3251, the non-volatile matter (by mass) of the coating material shall
comply with the value specified by the coating material manufacturer in the qualification certificate (Table 2).

4.2.3 Non-volatile matter (by volume)

When determined in accordance with ISO 3233, the non-volatile matter (by volume) of the coating material shall
comply with the value specified by the coating material manufacturer in the product data sheet (Table 1).

4.2.4 Viscosity

When determined by the method specified by the manufacturer, the viscosity of the ready-mixed coating material
shall comply with the value specified by the coating material manufacturer in the qualification certificate (Table 2).

The viscosity should preferably be measured in accordance with ISO 2431.

4.2.5 Density

When determined in accordance with one of the parts of ISO 2811, the density of the coating material shall comply
with the value specified by the coating material manufacturer in the product data sheet (Table 1).

4.2.6 Ash (residue on ignition)

When determined in accordance with the method described in annex A, the ash (residue on ignition) of the coating
material shall comply with the value specified by the coating material manufacturer in the qualification certificate
(Table 2).

4.2.7 Pot life

The pot life is considered to be the time taken by the ready-mixed coating material to reach a condition at which it can
no longer be applied satisfactorily. The pot life shall be specified in the product data sheet (see 4.6).

4.2.8 Infrared spectrograms

Infrared spectrograms of the base component and the curing agent component shall be submitted on request.

4.2.9 Appearance

The appearance and continuity of the coating shall be inspected visually without any magnification.

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4.3 Particular requirements for qualification of the cured paint film

4.3.1 Preparation of test panels

Perform the tests specified in 4.3.3 to 4.3.12 on coatings applied to the required dry film thickness specified in 4.3.3
by spraying on to test panels (steel or glass). Prepare steel test panels as specified in 5.2 and glass panels as
specified in annex E. Apply the paint in accordance with the instructions of the coating material manufacturer.
Perform each test at least in duplicate.

4.3.2 Conditioning of test panels

If specified, condition the coated test panels using one of the following cycles, depending on the substrate and on the
individual test. Cycle B and cycle C are optional and the choice of the conditioning cycle depends on the time
available to perform the test procedure.

Cycle A

Substrate: steel or glass

— condition at 18 ◦ C to 25 ◦ C and
80 % relative humidity until the coating is at least tack-free (see 3.13);
— dry for 30 minutes in a circulating-air oven at (75 ± 2) ◦ C;
— condition for a minimum of 30 minutes at 18 ◦ C to 25 ◦ C and
80 % relative humidity before testing.

Cycle B

Substrate: steel or glass

— condition at 18 ◦ C to 25 ◦ C and
80 % relative humidity until the coating is at least tack-free (see 3.13);
— dry for 30 minutes in a circulating-air oven at (150 ± 2) ◦ C;
— condition for a minimum of 30 minutes at 18 ◦ C to 25 ◦ C and
80 % relative humidity before testing.

Cycle C

Substrate: steel or glass

— condition at 18 ◦ C to 25 ◦ C and
80 % relative humidity until the coating is at least tack-free (see 3.13);
— dry for 30 minutes in a circulating-air oven at (40 ± 2) ◦ C;
— condition for a minimum of 30 minutes at 18 ◦ C to 25 ◦ C and
80 % relative humidity before testing.

4.3.3 Dry film thickness

Unless otherwise agreed, the dry film thickness of the coating, applied on a glass or steel panel, shall be between
60 µm and 100 µm except for the test described in 4.3.6 (resistance to neutral salt spray).

Unless otherwise agreed, the dry film thickness shall be measured in accordance with ISO 2808:1997, Method No. 2
for glass and Method No. 10 for blast-cleaned steel, following the procedure given in annex B.

4.3.4 Adhesion

When determined in accordance with ISO 2409, the cross-cut classification of the coating applied on steel panels
and conditioned using cycle B or C (see 4.3.2) shall be equal to or lower than 1.

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ISO 15741:2001(E)

4.3.5 Buchholz hardness

When determined in accordance with ISO 2815, the Buchholz hardness of the coating, applied on glass or steel
panels and conditioned using cycle B or C (see 4.3.2) shall have a value of 94 or more.

4.3.6 Resistance to neutral salt spray

The coating, applied on steel panels with a dry film thickness of 60 µm to 75 µm, conditioned using cycle B or C (see
4.3.2), and with an X-cut down to the substrate located at least 20 mm from any edge, shall be tested in accordance
with ISO 7253 for 480 h.

After the test, allow the test panels to dry for at least 30 min at 18 ◦ C to 25 ◦ C and
80 % relative humidity.

The coating shall be free from any signs of deterioration, for example blistering (except in the area within 2,0 mm
from the X-cut), cracking and staining. Any corrosion shall extend not more than 2,0 mm at the most from the X-cut.
It shall not be possible to remove by means of clear plastic tape more than 3,0 mm of the coating in any direction from
the area around the X-cut.

4.3.7 Resistance to artificial ageing

Prepare two different sets of coated test panels, each set consisting of 3 steel panels. The dimensions of the panels
shall be approx. 100 mm × 50 mm × 0,8 mm.

Carry out the following procedure:

— condition set 1 using cycle C (see 4.3.2);

— condition set 2 using cycle C (see 4.3.2) and then age the panels at 80 ◦ C in a circulating-air oven for 100 h,
followed by conditioning for 24 h at 18 ◦ C to 25 ◦ C and
80 % relative humidity;

— after ageing, subject the test panels to a bend test in accordance with 4.3.8.

The result of the bend test shall comply with the requirement specified in 4.3.8.

4.3.8 Bend test (conical mandrel)

Prepare steel panels and condition them using cycle B or C (see 4.3.2). When the panels are tested in accordance
with ISO 6860, the maximum extent of cracking along the panel from the small end of the mandrel shall be less than
or equal to 13 mm, and there shall be no loss of adhesion.

4.3.9 Resistance to gas pressure variations

Prepare steel panels and condition them using cycle B or C (see 4.3.2). When the panels are tested in accordance
with annex C, they shall have a generally good appearance when examined in accordance with 4.2.9 and shall not
show any blistering. The adhesion value shall fulfil the requirements as given in 4.3.4 after conditioning for 24 h and
40 h at 18 ◦ C to 25 ◦ C and
80 % relative humidity.

4.3.10 Resistance to water immersion

Prepare steel panels and condition them using cycle B or C (see 4.3.2). When the panels are tested in accordance
with ISO 2812-2 for 480 h, the coating shall not show any blistering or appreciable softening. The examination shall
be carried out 3 min after the panels have been removed from the test liquid.

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4.3.11 Resistance to chemicals

Prepare steel panels and condition them using cycle B or C (see 4.3.2). When the panels are tested in accordance
with ISO 2812-1:1993, Method No. 1, Procedure A, for 168 h, the coating shall not show any blistering or appreciable
softening. Use the following test liquids: cyclohexane; 95 % by volume diethylene glycol solution in water; hexane;
methanol; toluene and lubricating oil (e.g. compressor seal oil in accordance with ISO 6743-4). The test panels shall
be completely immersed in the test liquid.

The examination shall be carried out at 18 ◦ C to 25 ◦ C and
80 % relative humidity 3 min after the panels have
been removed from the test liquid. After conditioning for 24 h at 18 ◦ C to 25 ◦ C and
80 % relative humidity, the
adhesion value shall fulfil the requirements given in 4.3.4. A change in the colour of the coating shall not be
considered as an indication of inferior coating quality.

4.3.12 Resistance to hydraulic blistering

Prepare steel panels and condition them using cycle B or C (see 4.3.2). When the panels are tested in accordance
with annex D, the coating shall not show any blistering. The examination shall be carried out at 18 ◦ C to 25 ◦ C and

80 % relative humidity 3 min after the panels have been removed from the test liquid. The adhesion value shall
fulfil the requirements given in 4.3.4 after conditioning at 18 ◦ C to 25 ◦ C and
80 % relative humidity for 24 h.

4.4 Packaging, labelling and storing

All coating materials and solvents shall be stored in the original container bearing the manufacturer's label and
instructions. At least the following information shall be shown on the label:
— the name of the coating material;
— the name of the manufacturer of the coating material;
— the colour of the coating material;
— the batch number;
— instructions and warnings regarding health, safety and environmental protection;
— a reference to the relevant product data sheet;

4.5 Quality assurance

It is necessary to ensure that the goods or services supplied comply in all respects with the requirements of this
International Standard. The coater shall therefore set up and maintain a quality assurance system as, for example,
detailed in ISO 9001.

The purchaser shall have the right to undertake inspection and testing of the coated goods during any stage of
coating at which the quality of the finished goods may be affected and to undertake inspection or testing of coating
materials, or other materials used, to ensure compliance with the requirements given in 4.2 and 4.3.

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ISO 15741:2001(E)

4.6 Product data sheet

The coating material manufacturer's product data sheet shall give information regarding at least the items listed in
Table 1.

Table 1 — Minimum information to be included in product data sheet

Date of issue
Name of coating material
Name of coating material manufacturer
Colour of coating material
Type of curing agent
Shelf life
Non-volatile matter by volume a Test method used (see 4.2.3)
Density b Test method used (see 4.2.5)
a
Pot life (see 4.2.7)
c
Flash point
Time to complete curing
Recommended thinner
Maximum allowed quantity of thinner, in %
Recommended surface preparation grade
Recommended method of application
Recommended maximum/minimum dry film thickness of the applied coating
Recommended cleaning solvent (for the application equipment)
Recommended application conditions (air and steel temperature and relative humidity)
Recommended minimum curing conditions
Recommended maximum/minimum service temperature
Recommended storage conditions
Reference to instructions and warnings regarding health, safety and environmental protection
Theoretical spreading rate (l/m2 or kg/m2 ) for a given dry film thickness
a
Only for the mixed coating material.
b
Give separately for base component and curing agent component (if pigmented).
c Give separately for base component, curing agent component and mixed coating material.

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4.7 Qualification certificate

The qualification certificate shall give, as a minimum, the values of the properties listed in Table 2.

Table 2 — Minimum information to be included in qualification certificate

Date of issue
Name of coating material
Name of coating material manufacturer
Authority for issue
Property Test method Subclause
a
Non-volatile matter by mass ISO 3251 See 4.2.2
b
Ash Annex A See 4.2.6
c
Viscosity See 4.2.4
Adhesion ISO 2409 See 4.3.4
Buchholz hardness ISO 2815 See 4.3.5
Resistance to neutral salt spray ISO 7253 See 4.3.6
Resistance to artificial ageing See 4.3.7
Bend test (conical mandrel) ISO 6860 See 4.3.8
Resistance to gas pressure variations Annex C See 4.3.9
Resistance to water immersion ISO 2812-2 See 4.3.10
Resistance to chemicals
— Resistance to cyclohexane
— Resistance to 95 % by volume diethylene glycol solution in
water
ISO 2812-1 See 4.3.11
— Resistance to hexane
— Resistance to methanol
— Resistance to toluene
— Resistance to lubricating oil (e.g. compressor seal oil)
Resistance to hydraulic blistering Annex D See 4.3.12
a
Separately for base component, curing agent component and mixed coating material.
b
Separately for base component and curing agent component (if pigmented).
c
Only for the mixed coating material.

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ISO 15741:2001(E)

4.8 Batch test certificate

The batch test certificate shall give, as a minimum, the information and test results for the items listed in Table 3.

Table 3 — Minimum information to be included in batch test certificate

Information from the coating
Item Test method Test result
material manufacturer
Date of issue
Batch number
Name of coating material
Name of coating material manufacturer
Production date
Expiry date for use
Non-volatile matter by mass — base
See 4.2.2
component
Non-volatile matter by mass — curing agent
See 4.2.2
component a
Viscosity — base component b

Viscosity — curing agent component b

Density — base component See 4.2.5

Density — curing agent component See 4.2.5
c
Ash — base component See 4.2.6
c, d
Ash — curing agent component See 4.2.6
Infrared spectrogram d, e See 4.2.8
a
The non-volatile matter by mass of the curing agent component shall not be used for any purposes other than batch consistency checks.
b
As specified by the coating material manufacturer.
c
If required.
d
If pigmented.
e Separately for base component and curing agent component.

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5 Application of the coating material

5.1 General

During application of the coating material, all steps in the coating process shall be assessed and recorded. The
parameters listed in Table 4 shall be included.

Table 4 — Minimum items to be checked and recorded during the coating process
Items Method Frequency Acceptance criteria
Coating material
Name of product Visual examination At every change of shift As specified
Name of manufacturer At every change of shift As specified
Batch number At every change of shift As specified
Surface condition prior to surface Visual examination Every pipe As specified
preparation
Surface condition after surface
preparation
Surface cleanliness ISO 8501-1 Twice per shift As specified
Surface profile ISO 8503-2 Twice per shift As specified
Surface imperfections
E.g. dents, laps Visual examination Every pipe Subject to agreement
Wet paint (mixed)
Viscosity and temperature As specified Every time paint is mixed As specified
and every time painting is
interrupted
Environmental conditions in the
painting area
Ambient temperature Instrumental At every change of shift As specified
Steel temperature Instrumental At every change of shift As specified
Relative humidity Instrumental At every change of shift As specified
Dew point Instrumental At every change of shift As specified
Cured paint film on pipes
Appearance and continuity Visual examination Spot test No sagging
Dry film thickness ISO 2808:1997, Method 10 Twice per shift As specified
a
Porosity (pinholes) Wet-sponge test (annex G) As required
Cured paint film on steel test panels
As described in Table 5 See Table 5 Twice per shift As specified in Table 5
Paint film on glass test panels
Porosity (pinholes) Annex E At every change of shift and Max. 5 pores
for every new batch
a
The wet-sponge test shall be carried out only if the porosity test on glass panels constitutes a failure.

5.2 Surface preparation

First check that the surfaces are free from any foreign matter such as welding flux, welding spatter, salts, oil or
grease. If necessary, wash the surfaces with a high-pressure jet of fresh water. Remove organic contaminants using
detergents or suitable organic solvents.

Then blast-clean the surfaces to surface preparation grade Sa 2 ½ in accordance with ISO 8501-1.

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ISO 15741:2001(E)

Remove, using suitable methods, any surface irregularities or imperfections which may have become visible.

Check the surface profile. Unless otherwise agreed, it shall be such that Ry5 (see ISO 8503-1) is between 25 µm and
60 µm.

During and after blast-cleaning and prior to application of the coating material, the temperature of the steel surface
shall be at least 3 ◦ C above the dew point or the minimum curing temperature given by the coating material
manufacturer, whichever is the higher.

5.3 Paint preparation

Before removing each component from its container, stir or agitate it until it is homogeneous, using equipment which
is capable of homogenizing the entire contents of the container without excessively entraining air into the material.
Mix the two components (base component and curing agent component) thoroughly and, if necessary, dilute in
accordance with the coating material manufacturer's instructions. After the material has been homogenized, it shall
be continuously mixed at a slow speed. The mixed paint shall be free of any lumps and pieces of skin. Measure the
viscosity in accordance with the method recommended by the manufacturer and record it. Check whether it complies
with the value specified by the manufacturer and keep it constant during the application procedure.

5.4 Paint application

Check the surface to be coated to see whether it still complies with the specified surface preparation grade and
profile (see 5.2).

Apply the paint in a covered or enclosed space, shielded from wind, blowing dust and inclement weather, using the
application parameters recommended by the coating material manufacturer and approved by the coater.

The ambient temperature and relative humidity and the temperature of the steel surface during application and
subsequent drying/curing shall be in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the coating
material. The temperature of the steel shall be at least 3 ◦ C above the dew point. In the case of accelerated curing,
the temperature shall be as agreed between the coating material manufacturer and the coater.

Spray the paint continuously and uniformly on to the whole surface to be coated. The coating shall be uniform, and
particular attention shall be given to achieving the specified dry film thickness. Unless otherwise specified or agreed,
maintain a cutback length of (20 ± 5) mm.

5.5 Health and safety and protection of the environment

It is the duty of clients, specifiers, contractors, coating material manufacturers, inspectors and all other personnel
involved in the undertaking to carry out the work for which they are responsible in such a manner that they do not
endanger the health and safety of themselves or others.

In pursuance of this duty, each person shall ensure that all the statutory requirements of the country in which their
work, or any part of the work, is carried out are complied with.

6 Production control

6.1 Assessment of the coating on the pipes

6.1.1 Appearance

Inspect the coating visually for uniformity of colour, smoothness and freedom from runs, holidays and other defects
that could be detrimental to its quality.

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 ISO 15741:2001(E)

6.1.2 Dry film thickness

Unless otherwise specified or agreed, the minimum dry film thickness of the coating shall be 60 µm above the peaks
in the profile of the substrate and shall be determined in accordance with annex B.

6.2 Assessment of the coating on steel panels

6.2.1 Preparation of test panels

Perform the tests specified in 6.2.2 to 6.2.5 on coatings applied by spraying on to steel test panels, to give the dry film
thickness specified in 4.3.3. Prepare the test panels as specified in 5.2 and apply the paint in accordance with the
instructions of the coating material manufacturer. Use conditioning cycle B or C (see 4.3.2). Perform each test at
least in duplicate.

Table 5 shows the required frequency of the tests specified in 6.2.2 to 6.2.5.

6.2.2 Adhesion

When determined in accordance with ISO 2409, the cross-cut classification of the coating shall be equal to or lower
than 1.

6.2.3 Buchholz hardness

When determined in accordance with ISO 2815, the Buchholz hardness of the coating shall be at least 94.

6.2.4 Bend test

When determined in accordance with ISO 6860, the maximum extent of cracking along the panel from the small end
of the mandrel shall be less than or equal to 13 mm, and there shall be no loss of adhesion.

6.2.5 Curing test

When tested in accordance with annex F, the coating shall not show any softening, wrinkling or blistering.

6.2.6 Porosity test

The porosity of both the wet and the dry film shall be checked on glass panels by the method given in annex E.
Porosity is considered to be any coating defect (pinhole) through which light can pass directly. More than 5 pinholes
shall constitute a failure.

If the porosity test on a glass panel is deemed a failure, the wet-sponge test given in annex G shall be carried out on
the surfaces painted with the coating material which failed the glass-panel test, testing at least ten areas, excluding
welds. The coating on these surfaces shall not have more than 1 pinhole per 100 cm2

Table 5 — Required frequency of, and acceptance criteria for, the production-control tests specified
in 6.2.2 to 6.2.5
Test Method Frequency Acceptance criteria
Adhesion ISO 2409 Twice per shift Classification
1
Bend test ISO 6860 Twice per shift No loss of adhesion
Buchholz hardness ISO 2815 Twice per shift Hardness  94
Curing test Annex F Twice per shift No softening, wrinkling or blistering

© ISO 2001 – All rights reserved 13

ISO 15741:2001(E)

7 Repairs
Defective coatings, or areas with insufficient dry film thickness, shall be repaired in accordance with the coating
material manufacturer's recommendations.

8 Handling, transportation and storage

8.1 Handling

Coated pipes shall be handled in such a way that no damage is caused to the coating.

8.2 Transportation to the storage area

During transportation to the storage area at the coater's workshop, the coater shall take all relevant precautions to
avoid damage to the coating.

8.3 Storage

Coated pipes shall be stored in such a way that the quality of the coating will not be affected.

8.4 Loading coated pipes for transportation

When loading pipes at the workshop or in the field, all relevant precautions shall be taken to avoid the possibility of
damage to the pipes or to the coating during transportation.

The coater is responsible for ensuring that all pipes delivered to the purchaser are correctly coated and the coating
is properly cured.

14 © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved

 ISO 15741:2001(E)

Annex A
(normative)

Determination of ash (refer to subclause 4.2.5)

A.1 General

This annex describes a method for determining the ash residue from a coating.

A.2 Apparatus

Ordinary laboratory apparatus, together with the following:

A.2.1 Porcelain crucible.

A.2.2 Muffle furnace.

A.2.3 Desiccator, containing an active desiccant.

A.2.4 Analytical balance, capable of weighing to 1 mg.

A.3 Procedure

Weigh, to the nearest 1 mg, between 3 g and 5 g of the product into a porcelain crucible (A.2.1).

Place the crucible in a hood and heat with a low flame until the contents of the crucible are a dry, charred mass.
Transfer to the muffle furnace (A.2.2) and ignite the residue at red heat (not exceeding 600 ◦ C) until the ash is free of
carbon.

Cool in the desiccator (A.2.3) and weigh.

Repeat the igniting, cooling and weighing until the difference between successive weighings does not exceed 1 mg.

A.4 Expression of results

Calculate the ash WA , as a percentage by mass, using the following equation:

m1
WA = × 100 (A.1)
m0

where

m1 is the mass, in grams, of the residue after ignition;

m0 is the mass, in grams, of the test portion.

© ISO 2001 – All rights reserved 15

ISO 15741:2001(E)

Annex B
(normative)

Dry film thickness (refer to subclause 4.3.3 and 6.1.2)

B.1 General

This annex describes the measurement of the dry film thickness of a coating on a blast-cleaned steel surface using
an instrument based on the permanent-magnet principle or the inductive-magnet principle.

If a coating has been applied to a blast-cleaned steel substrate, the measurement of the dry film thickness is more
complicated than for smooth, flat surfaces. The effect of surface roughness on the result increases with profile depth
but is also related to the design of the measurement probe and the thickness of the coating.

B.2 Apparatus

Unless otherwise specified or agreed, the minimum dry film thickness of the coating shall be determined in
accordance with ISO 2808:1997, Method No. 10, using a single-pole instrument of the permanent-magnet or
inductive-magnet type.

B.3 Procedure

Before use, ascertain that the instrument is in good working order (see manufacturer's instructions).

Calibrate the instrument on a smooth, flat, level steel plate, using ISO 2808:1997, Method No. 10. It will then be
necessary to determine a “correction factor” by taking a series of readings on the unpainted blast-cleaned surface
and calculating the average. All readings subsequently taken on the painted surface are then reduced by the
“correction factor” to give the true value of the thickness above the peaks.

Check the calibration at frequent intervals.

For each pipe or fitting tested, at least 8 values shall be recorded. Each value shall be constituted by the arithmetic
mean of 5 different measurements taken very close to the point at which the thickness is to be measured. When
during a series of measurements an individual dry film thickness value does not meet the specified criterion, a repeat
measurement not more than 10 mm from the point of the first measurement shall be carried out. The first value shall
then be rejected and replaced by the result of the repeat measurement. The maximum number of repeat
measurements permitted is 2.

If any measurements are less than 80 % of the nominal dry film thickness (NDFT), then the specimen fails this test.

B.4 Results

Calculate the arithmetic mean of the measured values. Unless otherwise specified or agreed, the minimum dry film
thickness of the coating shall be 60 µm above the peaks.

In cases of dispute of the result at one point, recalibrate the instrument and carry out five measurements, again very
close to the point. Recalculate the arithmetic mean of the 5 measurements.

16 © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved

 ISO 15741:2001(E)

Annex C
(normative)

Resistance to gas pressure variations (refer to subclause 4.3.9)

C.1 General

The test consists of verifying, by evaluation of visual appearance and determination of the adhesion, the behaviour of
the applied coating after it has been subjected to pressure variations in a gaseous environment (N2).

C.2 Apparatus and materials

C.2.1 Sealed chamber, capable of resisting the test pressures during the whole of the test.

C.2.2 Nitrogen, as pressurizing gas.

C.2.3 Pressurizing system, capable of increasing the pressure by 1 bar per minute.

C.3 Test specimens

Substrates can be of two types:

— approx. 100 mm × 50 mm × 1 mm steel panels;
— lengths of steel pipe approx. 100 mm long with a minimum diameter of 80 mm or, if the diameter is too large for
the pipe to fit into the chamber, specimens obtained from the pipe or fitting.

The surfaces of the test panels or lengths of pipe shall be prepared and coated at the same time and in the same way
as the corresponding production surfaces.

C.4 Procedure

C.4.1 General

Unless otherwise specified by the coating material manufacturer, wait a month after the coating has been applied to
the test panels or lengths of pipe before carrying out any tests.

C.4.2 Cyclic pressure test

This test is carried out only as a qualification test on the inside coating.

Put the specimen in the chamber and subject it to the set of 10 test cycles shown schematically in Figure C.1, as
follows:
— progressively increase the pressure in the chamber to 100 bar;
— keep the specimen under pressure for a fixed period of time to allow the pressurizing gas to penetrate into the
coating:
• 20 h for the 1st to 4th cycles and the 6th to 9th cycles,
• 68 h for the 5th and 10th cycles;

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ISO 15741:2001(E)

— release the pressure rapidly over a few minutes (not more than 5 minutes);

— leave the coating at atmospheric pressure for 4 h to permit the development of any blisters on the coating, so that
a cycle lasts either 24 h or 72 h (this latter period corresponds to the weekend, i.e. from Friday to Monday).

Immediately at the end of the 10th test cycle, open the chamber and examine the appearance of the coating, noting
all modifications (corrosion, spots or blisters). In addition, carry out an adhesion test in accordance with ISO 2409.
Repeat the appearance examination after 24 h and after 48 h, again noting all modifications.

Figure C.1 — Complete set of pressure cycles

C.4.3 Decompression blistering test

This test is carried out only when the coated pipes are utilized at operating pressures higher than 100 bar. The test
pressure shall be at least the pressure specified for that pipeline.

Put the specimen in the chamber and then subject it to the specified pressure for 24 h so that the pressurizing gas
can penetrate into the coating.

Release the pressure rapidly over a few minutes (not more than 5 minutes).

Immediately at the end of the test cycle, open the chamber and examine the appearance of the coating, noting all
modifications (corrosion, spots or blisters). In addition, carry out an adhesion test in accordance with ISO 2409.
Repeat the appearance examination after 24 h and after 48 h, again noting all modifications.

C.5 Results

Record any degradation observed immediately on removing the specimen from the chamber and indicate any further
changes after 24 h and 48 h.

Record the adhesion of the coating measured in the adhesion test.

18 © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved

 ISO 15741:2001(E)

Annex D
(normative)

Hydraulic-pressure blistering (refer to subclause 4.3.12)

D.1 General

The test consists of verifying, by evaluation of the visual appearance and determination of the adhesion, the
behaviour of the applied coating when subjected to pressure variations in a liquid environment (water/CaCO3).

D.2 Apparatus and materials

D.2.1 Sealed chamber, capable of resisting the test pressures during the whole of the test.

D.2.2 Water saturated with CaCO3, as pressurizing liquid.

D.2.3 Pressurizing system, capable of increasing the pressure by 1 bar per minute.

D.3 Test specimens

Substrates can be of two types:

— approx. 100 mm × 50 mm × 1 mm steel panels;
— lengths of steel pipe approx. 100 mm long with a minimum diameter of 80 mm or, if the diameter is too large for
the pipe to fit into the chamber, specimens obtained from the pipe or fitting.

The surfaces of the test panels or lengths of pipe shall be prepared and coated at the same time and in the same way
as the corresponding production surfaces.

D.4 Procedure
Unless otherwise specified by the coating material manufacturer, wait a month after the coating has been applied to
the test panels or lengths of pipe before carrying out any tests.

This test is carried out at at least 100 bar if the maximum operating pressure is 100 bar or less. If the operating
pressure is higher than 100 bar, the test pressure shall be at least the pressure specified for that pipeline.

Put the specimen in the chamber and then subject it to the specified pressure for 24 h so that the pressurizing liquid
can penetrate into the coating.

Release the pressure rapidly over a few minutes (not more than 5 minutes).

Immediately at the end of the test cycle, open the chamber and examine the appearance of the coating, noting all
modifications (corrosion, spots or blisters). In addition, carry out an adhesion test in accordance with ISO 2409.
Repeat the appearance examination after 24 h and after 48 h, again noting all modifications.

D.5 Results

Record any degradation observed immediately on removing the specimen from the chamber and indicate any further
changes after 24 h and 48 h.

Record the adhesion of the coating measured in the adhesion test.

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ISO 15741:2001(E)

Annex E
(normative)

Porosity of a film of the coating material on a glass panel (refer to subclause 6.2.6)

Use a glass panel measuring approx. 75 mm × 25 mm × 2 mm and frosted on one side. Clean the panel by
immersion in a suitable solvent and then in acetone. Allow the panel to dry in air for a few seconds.

Place a panel inside the pipe to be coated with the non-frosted side facing the wall of the pipe; keep it in position at
each end by means of adhesive tape (max. overlap on glass 10 mm). Just before coating, check that the panel is free
from dust or pollutants. Apply the coating material to the glass panel during the pipe-coating process.

Then examine the panel as follows:

a) Wet film — Five minutes after application of the coating material, place the glass panel over an opaque (dark)
shield measuring approx. 300 mm × 300 mm with a 50 mm × 20 mm slot in the middle. Hold the panel,
together with the shield, 130 mm from an illuminated 100 W bulb, with the shield facing the bulb. Check for
pinholes. More than 5 pinholes shall constitute a failure.
b) Cured film — If the coating is acceptable in the wet state, allow it to cure for an additional 30 min in air at 18 ◦ C
to 25 ◦ C and a relative humidity of
80 %, and then place in a circulating-air oven at (75 ± 2) ◦ C for a minimum
of 30 min. Repeat the examination described above. More than 5 pinholes shall constitute a failure.

Another curing schedule may be agreed between the coater and the coating material manufacturer.

NOTE If justified by the prevailing application and drying conditions or by the type of paint used, the test conditions may be
modified by agreement between the interested parties.

20 © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved

 ISO 15741:2001(E)

Annex F
(normative)

Curing test (refer to subclause 6.2.5)

Apply the coating material to steel panels and condition the coated panels as specified in 6.2.1. Test for resistance to
the thinner which is recommended for thinning the coating material, in accordance with ISO 2812-1, for 4 h.

Examine the panels after a recovery period of 30 min at 18 ◦ C to 25 ◦ C and
80 % relative humidity following
removal of the panels from the test liquid. The coating shall not show any softening, wrinkling or blistering.

© ISO 2001 – All rights reserved 21

ISO 15741:2001(E)

Annex G
(normative)

Wet-sponge test (refer to subclause 6.2.6)

G.1 General
The test consists of examining the coating for any porosity or other damage using a wet sponge, to which a low
voltage is applied, as a scanning electrode.

Defects are indicated by an acoustic signal caused by the short circuit which occurs between the electrode (sponge)
and the earth (steel substrate) at such defects.

G.2 Apparatus and materials

G.2.1 Adjustable low-voltage wet-sponge tester, equipped with an alarm, an electrode in the form of a sponge
and conductors for connecting the coated pipe or fitting under test to earth.

G.2.2 Tap water.

G.3 Procedure
Set the test voltage to 9 V.

Connect up the instrument, connecting the earth lead, by means of a crocodile clip, to an uncoated section of the
metal of the surface under test.

Moisten the sponge with tap water. Note that too much water will affect the performance.

Switch on the electrode and move it continuously in contact with the surface of the coating to be inspected; the rate
of travel of the electrode is not limited, but it shall not be higher than the speed at which it can be demonstrated that
a porosity defect can be detected.

The presence of a porosity defect is indicated by the emission of a high-pitched note from the alarm.

G.4 Results
Record the number of porosity defects per 100 cm2 .

22 © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved

 ISO 15741:2001(E)

Bibliography

[1] ISO 4618-1, Paints and varnishes — Terms and definitions for coating materials — Part 1: General terms

[2] ISO 8044, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Basic terms and definitions

[3] ISO 9001:2000, Quality management systems — Requirements

[4] ISO 12944-5, Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems —
Part 5: Protective paint systems

[5] ISO 14532, Natural gas — Vocabulary

© ISO 2001 – All rights reserved 23

ISO 15741:2001(E)

ICS 87.020
Price based on 23 pages

© ISO 2001 – All rights reserved